Solving the most common computer problems. Testing RAM. The ISDN card does not accept the call. The software on the computer is installed on ISDN and recognizes cards freely. However, the incoming call is not accepted
To begin with, check whether there is a primary power supply of ~220V at the input of the power supply unit (PSU). The reason for the absence may be a break, malfunction of the plug, socket, surge protector or source uninterruptible power supply, if you use them. In addition, on the back of most power supplies there is a primary power switch - it may be turned off or faulty.When primary power is applied at the output +5VSB(purple wire) of the power supply there should be voltage +5V, even when the computer is turned off. You can check with a tester on the contacts of the power supply connector (pin 9 with wire purple- +5VSB). Very often, the motherboard has an LED indicating the presence of standby voltage. If it glows, it means there is both primary and standby power.
If the computer still does not turn on, then possible reasons may be as follows:
- open circuit in the power button circuit. To check, you can use tweezers to close the power supply contacts on the motherboard or short the contacts of the power supply connector with the green wires (ON, sometimes designated as PS_ON, pin 16) and any contact with the black wire (GND, sometimes designated as COM).
- short circuit at the output of the power supply. Try turning off the power to everything peripherals, remove all adapters from the slots, disconnect all USB devices. Also try disconnecting the 4-8 pin CPU power connector +12V Power Connector on the motherboard.
- PSU malfunction or motherboard . If only the motherboard is connected to the power supply connector, but the power still does not turn on, it is most likely that the power supply is faulty. A motherboard malfunction leading to the inability to turn on the computer's power supply is theoretically possible, but in practice it is extremely rare. To check, you can try turning on the power supply without connecting the connector to the motherboard. To do this, you need some kind of load connected to it, for example a CD-ROM. Close the contacts of the green PS ON conductor (pin 16 of the power supply connector) and any of the contacts of the black GND conductor (circuit ground). If the power supply turns on, the motherboard is faulty.
Wiring for a 24-pin ATX power supply connector (ATX12V) with ratings and color coding of wires
| Comte | Designation | Color | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3.3V | Orange | +3.3 VDC | |
| 2 | 3.3V | Orange | +3.3 VDC | |
| 3 | COM | Black | Earth | |
| 4 | 5V | Red | +5 VDC | |
| 5 | COM | Black | Earth | |
| 6 | 5V | Red | +5 VDC | |
| 7 | COM | Black | Earth | |
| 8 | PWR_OK | Grey | Power Ok - All voltages are within normal limits. This signal is generated when the power supply is turned on and is used to reset the system board. |
|
| 9 | 5VSB | Violet | +5 VDC Standby voltage | |
| 10 | 12V | Yellow | +12 VDC | |
| 11 | 12V | Yellow | +12 VDC | |
| 12 | 3.3V | Orange | +3.3 VDC | |
| 13 | 3.3V | Orange | +3.3 VDC | |
| 14 | -12V | Blue | -12 VDC | |
| 15 | COM | Black | Earth | |
| 16 | /PS_ON | Green | Power Supply On. To turn on the power supply you need to short-circuit this contact is to ground (with a black wire). |
|
| 17 | COM | Black | Earth | |
| 18 | COM | Black | Earth | |
| 19 | COM | Black | Earth | |
| 20 | -5V | White | -5 VDC (this voltage is used very rarely, mainly for powering old expansion cards.) |
|
| 21 | +5V | Red | +5 VDC | |
| 22 | +5V | Red | +5 VDC | |
| 23 | +5V | Red | +5 VDC | |
| 24 | COM | Black | Earth |
Schematic diagrams of computer power supplies can be found
If the fans are spinning, there are no beeps, the disk activity indicator does not light up, try to simplify the configuration as much as possible. Turn off the computer, remove all adapters from expansion slots, and disconnect all peripheral devices. If there are several memory modules, leave only one. Or delete them all. If after turning on the power you hear a characteristic squeak, the motherboard has started up. When the power is turned on, the BIOS self-test routine begins (Power On). Self Test or POST), and beeps are the result of an error being detected. The interpretation of sound signals depends on the manufacturer and BIOS version. For example, the absence of a video adapter when performing the AWARD BIOS self-test will cause 1 long and 2 short beeps,AMI Old BIOS versions - 8 short. For all BIOS versions used one short beep, if testing passed without errors, and the operating system loading stage begins. Description of sound signals for specific version The BIOS can be found on the manufacturer's website.
You can use a special program. The program allows you to get a description of beep codes for the most common BIOS versions. English language.
If in minimal configuration sound signals are missing, then the cause of the malfunction is the power supply, motherboard, or processor. Just in case, try resetting the settings BIOS installation special jumper on the motherboard (Clear CMOS).
The cause of the malfunction is often swollen electrolytic capacitors in the processor power circuits on the motherboard.
When running the BIOS self-test program, available peripheral controllers are also polled and information about them is written to non-volatile memory (CMOS) - a special table called Desktop Management Interface (DMI) pool. The DMI table can be used by operating systems to determine the list of available devices, although in most cases, DMI information is not used at boot and the list is created by the operating system itself. software OS boot loader. However, the DMI table is always created (or checked) before the operating system boots. Typically, this process is accompanied by the message "Building DMI pool" or "Verifying DMI pool data". As a rule, the process of creating a DMI table lasts no more than a few seconds and, if after such a message the download does not start, then the following options are possible:
The computer configuration has changed and the BIOS routine cannot interpret it correctly.
- any of the devices provides incorrect data about itself (faulty).
- DMI table written in non-volatile memory(CMOS) is damaged and cannot be created again (CMOS malfunction, dead battery, conflicting device, etc.).
- the BIOS subroutine itself is damaged (for example, during flashing)
Possible ways to solve the problem:
Reset the contents of CMOS (Clear CMOS Configuration) and load the optimal configuration (Load Setup Defaults, Load Optimal, etc.)
- reset the contents of the DMI buffer and force the self-test routine to recreate it. This can usually be done using the BIOS setting allowing the "Reset" item Configuration Data" (“Force Update ESCD”, etc. - depends on the manufacturer)
- If previous points did not work, try to simplify the computer configuration as much as possible by disabling as many peripheral devices and integrated controllers as possible.
The download starts but ends with a reset and reboot.
Such system behavior is usually caused by a critical error and the setting to execute automatic reboot when it occurs. This mode is set by checking the box
Control Panel - System- tab " Additionally" - mode " " - mode " Perform automatic reboot"
With this setting, the "blue screen of death" ( B lue S creen O f D eath or BSOD) ends with a reboot of the OS. Which is undesirable, since there is no blue screen data to analyze the causes of the error.
In Windows XP and older, you can select the mode in the system boot loader menu Disable automatic reboot on system failure
When booting in this mode, you can analyze the blue screen of death data and determine the cause critical error.
Very often, similar situation caused by loading an old operating system after replacing the motherboard, or changing the controller operating mode hard drive in the BIOS settings. In detail, the practice of restoring Windows functionality in in this case described
If you installed new software or installed Windows updates, or other software that includes system services or drivers (antiviruses, firewalls, etc.), then it is possible that the problem is not faulty equipment, and in an emergency shutdown of the system due to incorrectly working system services or drivers. The most in a simple way System recovery in this case is to roll back its state to the time the restore point was created, when the problem did not yet exist. Point mechanism Windows recovery allows you to create and store for some time copies of the registry and important system files. Such copies are created periodically, or during major system changes, and in the vast majority of cases, a rollback to the point working condition will bring Windows back to life. But, main problem This method of system recovery is that you can run the Windows recovery tool (rstrui.exe utility) only in the environment of the OS itself, which does not boot due to the blue screen of death. However, if recovery point data that is stored in subdirectories of the " System Volume Information" system disk exist, the problem can be solved very simply by using an emergency recovery disk MicroSoft Diagnostic and Recovery Toolset(MS DaRT), better known as ERD Commander(ERDC). Facilities disaster recovery ERDCs allow you to roll back your system in a few clicks and uninstall system updates quickly and easily. Even in cases where the recovery point data is substandard or cannot be used to its full extent, the problem can be resolved by using selective manual replacement of system files. For example, if Windows crashes with Stop code: 0xc0000218 (Registry File Failure), this means that the system files and/or software from the \windows\system32\config directory, which are registry keys
HKLM\SYSTEM and HKLM\SOFTWARE
Damage to files in other partitions (SAM, SECURITY, BCD) is less likely, since they are written to much less frequently and are much smaller in size. In addition, corruption of these files causes other system boot problems and is accompanied by other critical error messages. In this case, to restore the system, you can either perform a full rollback or manually copy the System (Software) hive file from the data control point. Details about methods for restoring Windows functionality using these restore points if the system cannot boot are described in the article
The computer turns on spontaneously.
Often, in technical forums The question being discussed is “Why does the computer turn on by itself when the supply voltage is applied?” The answer lies in ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface), a power management interface. Sometimes it is also called the access interface energy saving features hardware. Part of this specification includes functions to turn on the computer's power when certain events occur.
The computer's power supply can be turned on not only by pressing the "POWER" button, but also when Power Management Events (PME), given BIOS settings motherboard. Such events can be the pressing of certain keys on the keyboard, specially generated ETHERNET frames, a signal generated by an internal timer, a signal when the primary voltage (220V) is supplied to the input of the power supply, etc.
The name and contents of the BIOS power management section depend on the specific manufacturer and version ("Power Management Setup", "ACPI Configuration", "Advanced Power Management Setup", etc.)
Below is an example of the settings of the "Power - APM Configuration" section of AMI BIOS v2.61:
Restore on AC Power Lost- behavior of the system in the event of a power failure. The value is Power Off - the system will remain off, Power On - the computer will turn on as soon as the power supply is restored. In other words, if this mode is enabled in the BIOS, when the primary voltage (220V) is supplied, the computer will turn on on its own, without pressing the POWER button
Power On By RTC Alarm- turning on the power supply according to the computer’s internal clock (analogous to an alarm clock).
Power On By External Modes- the power supply will be turned on when incoming call to an external modem connected to serial port.
Power On By PCI (PCIE) Devices- allows the computer to be turned on from devices on the PCI (PCI-E) bus.
Power On By PS/2 Keyboard- allows turning on power from a keyboard connected to the PS/2 connector
In conclusion, I’ll add that in some BIOS versions, the setting to automatically turn on the power supply when the primary 220V appears can be in the section Integrated Peripherals- paragraph PWRON After PWR-Fail(found in some versions of Foenix - AwardBIOS CMOS Setup Utility)
The computer turns off spontaneously.
Possible reasons:
- Overheating. Temperature sensor readings can be obtained using special software. Typically, such software can be downloaded from the websites of equipment manufacturers (motherboard, video adapter, disk drives, etc.). The most famous universal (“all in one”) program for obtaining information about equipment, incl. and temperature sensor readings is AIDA64(former EVEREST) Lavalis Consuting Group
- Power supply protection is triggered. The cause of the operation may be insufficient power from the power supply. An additional sign of operation at maximum load may be that shutdown does not always occur, but, for example, at startup game programs, sharply increasing the power consumption of the video adapter.
Rarely, but it still happens - the activation of the protection causes a short-term short circuit that occurs during vibration. It can occur when there is a small distance between power buses, connector pins, board elements or conductors with damaged insulation and the housing. When searching, you can use light tapping of the suspected places where the short circuit occurs.
The computer freezes or reboots spontaneously.
We are talking only about freezes and reboots caused by malfunction or unstable operation of the equipment.
Often freezes and reboots are accompanied by errors in unpacking archives and error messages individual programs, system messages about the inability to run an application or open a file.
As is the case with spontaneous shutdown, the cause may be overheating, insufficient power or instability of the output voltages of the power supply. Another common reason is the use of overclocking to increase performance. Overclocking always reduces system stability.
Diagnosis of the problem:
Analyze the system logs. Perhaps there are records there that will help establish the reasons for not stable operation.
- Cancel automatic reboot mode when a critical Windows error occurs. "Start" - "Settings" - "Control Panel" - "System" - "Advanced" - "Boot and Recovery - Settings" - you need to uncheck the "Perform automatic reboot" checkbox. It is useful to enable (if not enabled) the small memory dump recording mode, which can help in finding the causes of a critical error using the BlueScreenView utility, as described in the section "Finding the problematic driver"
Try booting the OS into safe mode. IN this mode only those device drivers are loaded and system services, which are minimally necessary. Their list is determined by the contents of the registry section
HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SafeBoot
Subsections:
Minimal- list of drivers and services that start in Safe Mode
Network- the same, but with network support.
Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) with different codes on different drivers most likely indicates a hardware problem, usually:
Some tips:
1. Diagnostics is greatly simplified if you manage to record the situation, i.e. - find such a combination of conditions when a failure definitely occurs.
2. When diagnosing, try to simplify the equipment configuration as much as possible - physically disconnect what you can do without.
3. If you suspect that overheating is the cause of unstable operation, try installing additional fans. When installing them, try not to create oncoming air flows.
You can also use the settings Motherboard BIOS boards, artificially reduce computer performance.
Typically, the BIOS has settings to improve performance (overclocking) by increasing clock frequencies operation of the processor, memory, data exchange buses. For stable operation, as a rule, an increase in the supply voltage of overclocked devices is also required. Both the first and second are accompanied by an increase in energy consumption and additional heating. Lowering clock frequencies and supply voltages will reduce heating of the elements. However, keep in mind that a significant reduction in voltage, as a rule, also reduces the stability of their operation.
4. If you use modules random access memory, not included in the list recommended by the motherboard manufacturer, as in the previous case, try reducing their performance with BIOS settings, but do not reduce, but, on the contrary, increase the supply voltage step by step. If there are several modules, try using only one of them as an experiment.
Programs for monitoring and testing equipment
Everest Ultimate Edition (Everest Corporate Editions)- probably the most popular program from Lavalys Consulting Group for diagnosing and testing computer hardware. Provides more than 100 pages of information about the processor, motherboard, memory, devices, temperature sensor readings, etc. Can also be used to conduct network audit and settings for optimal performance. Everest Corporate Edition, compared to EVEREST Ultimate Edition, has slightly more wide possibilities on diagnostics, including local network analysis. There is support for the Russian language. The program is paid. Program website - www.lavalys.com/
SIV ( System Information viewer)- Unlike Everest, it is free. Shows very detailed information about the system, local network and hardware. Provides information about a wide range of characteristics of the local computer and workstations: installed equipment and software, data from temperature and voltage sensors, information about the processor, memory, hard drives and much more. In terms of capabilities (except for the convenience of presenting information), it is practically not inferior to the paid Everest. The program is constantly updated. Download latest version available on the manufacturer's download page rh-software.com
SpeedFan 4.40 - free program to monitor the motherboard (temperature, voltage, fan speed). Has the ability to read S.M.A.R.T attributes hard drives, and, accordingly, their temperatures. Allows you to adjust the fan speed.
Memtest86- program for testing RAM. The program website is memtest86.com. Testing with Memtest86 does not require any operating system, the program is loaded from floppy disk or CD-ROM.
Memtest86 project download page. - latest versions of the program, boot images for creating CD/DVD and USB drives, program versions for UEFI/BIOS.
Just in case, outdated versions Memtest86:
- ISO image for creating a bootable CD with Memtest86.
- A program for creating a bootable floppy disk with Memtest86 in a Windows environment. Unzip, insert a blank floppy disk into the drive, and run install.bat.
Memtest86+- created based on Memtest86 by independent developers. Program website - www.memtest.org
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General issues
The computer slows down and freezes. What to do?
There are many reasons for a computer to slow down. To begin with, we should exclude the most obvious ones - we check for viruses using.
Also make sure you have the most installed fresh drivers. For example, if games are slow, it may be due to the video driver. I talked in detail about the drivers
The reason for the brakes may also be running programs. I advise you to clean your startup. Also pay attention to the lower right corner of the screen - near the clock there are icons of some running programs, close them.
Another good advice speeding up your computer - .
The program throws an error. How to fix it?
Very frequently asked question. Unfortunately, users do not understand that the question is not addressed to a telepath. When asked Necessarily you must indicate the verbatim text of the error, actions that led to the error, version installed operating system.
Typically, a Google search for the error text will yield several solutions to the problem.
How to speed up your computer?
The tips are the same as when slowing down a computer. There are several articles on my website dedicated to.
Are there programs to speed up your computer?
Answer - No. There is only a set that allows the full potential of the computer's computing power to be revealed. All kinds of accelerators are, if not a lie, then obvious deceit. There are no miracles. To make your computer run faster, install faster components.
The computer restarts while playing games. What to do?
There are many reasons. The most common:
- Overheating -
- Incorrectly working driver (about reinstalling the driver).
- Hardware problem. It can be detected by inserting the video card into another computer - if there is a reboot, the reason is that the video card is broken. Or, again, it's overheating, so check for overheating first.
The computer restarts on its own. How to solve this problem?
Most probable cause - BSOD. What is it and how to solve it, read
It could also be overheating (see question above).
Less common reasons for a computer to shut down spontaneously:
- short circuit of any connectors;
- a loose cord running from the outlet to the system unit;
- lack of grounding (yes, in addition to the phase and neutral available in the sockets, it is highly advisable to connect a normal ground to the computer);
- power surges (a stabilizer is needed);
- faulty power supply or motherboard.
The latter is difficult to diagnose at home. If you have ruled out all other causes, take it to a service center for diagnostics.
The computer shows a blue screen with white text. What is this?
The computer is overheating. What to do?
What to do if there is no sound?
Most likely, the driver for the sound card is not installed. My installation advice is
Administrator rights are required to copy files to a flash drive. What to do?
The easiest way is to format the flash drive in FAT32 and the problem will disappear. When you need to transfer files larger than 4 GB each to a flash drive - .
Windows-related issues
How to install Windows 8?
Where to download Windows 8?
How to install Windows 7?
Where to download Windows 7?
How much RAM does Windows 7 need?
Minimum - 512 MB. Of course, the more, the better. More about system Windows requirements 7
How to create a USB flash drive with Windows installation?
To install Windows from a flash drive, you need to prepare it. The instructions apply to both Windows 7 and Windows 8.
How to boot from a boot disk or flash drive?
How to install two or more Windows on one computer?
You need to install Windows on different sections of hard disk or different hard disks. Read more about this There are a lot of instructions on this topic on the Internet.
What to do if Windows updates won't download?
Usually an error code is reported. Type it into Google - most likely there is already a solution.
Virus protection, security
Where can I download a free antivirus?
Programs
Where can I download interesting programs?
List convenient catalogs programs are located
Which programs can be removed and which cannot?
It all depends on the needs - both yours and the laptops. Come in Control Panel - Programs and Features, see the list. If any of the installed programs is unknown to you, type its name into Google or Yandex. Knowing its purpose, you can decide whether to delete it or not.
How to clean your computer from unnecessary files?
For this there is good program.
The program requires administrator rights. What to do?
Right-click on the program shortcut/file - Run as administrator. Why is this necessary and how to simplify it, it is written
The virus deleted files from the flash drive. How to recover?
Most easy way- using a free program. However, it is quite possible that the files were not deleted, but were simply hidden. How to “return” them and how to simplify this process, I told in.
How to format a flash drive?
Browsers
Websites in Google Chrome require you to update Flash Player, although the latest one is already installed. What to do?
Open the page chrome://plugins/, click on the right More details, then turn everything off Flash Player's, except the most new version(you will see by the numbers which version is the latest).
Linux Questions
Should I try installing Linux?
In my opinion, this is more than necessary. Even if not a single distribution from Linux family(Ubuntu, Kubuntu, Mint, Mandriva, Debian, Fedora, ALT Linux etc.), then you will get experience and your own opinion.
There are many distributions (assemblies, in other words) of Linux. Most often, novice users choose a distribution that is not suitable for their tasks, end up with a negative opinion and forget about Linux like a bad dream. In fact, there are a great many distributions, for a wide range of tasks. Distributions differ in literally everything - from the kernel version to the set of installed programs. Externally, the interface also varies greatly due to different “desktop environments”: some like Gnome, others KDE, others XFCE or Openbox, IceWM...
Many of us have encountered problems with our computers more than once. There is nothing surprising in the fact that people begin to get very irritated when their favorite equipment begins to act up. Unfortunately, far from computer users understand that it is not computers that are primarily to blame for these problems, but rather the users themselves. No antivirus or firewall, or not updating it in a timely manner, installation of potentially unsafe programs that are embedded in system processes, surfing on suspicious sites, and simply a careless attitude towards the computer, all these actions lead to a deterioration in the performance of the computer. Of course, a computer does not have a soul or inner world, unlike a person, but, nevertheless, this does not mean that it cannot “get sick.” So, let's look at the most common errors and failures in computers, as well as methods for solving them.
Very slow work computer. One of the most common computer problems . The main reasons for this problem may be: too a large number of programs running simultaneously, lack of RAM or too weak processor, presence of viruses on the computer, errors in the operating system registry, hard drive is full to capacity. The solution to this problem may be the following: Increasing computer performance by installing more modern components. Full computer scan for viruses, removal unnecessary files, optimization of system operation using special programs, or as a last resort, reinstalling the OS.
Computer freezes completely. Reasons: absence of some performers Windows files, numerous computer viruses, overloaded registry, damaged RAM. Solutions: full check computer for viruses modern antivirus, optimization of system operation special programs, restoring or reinstalling the entire system, replacing RAM.
The computer reboots spontaneously. Reasons: availability large number spyware and virus programs or malfunctions in the computer’s cooling or power system. Solutions: scan your computer for viruses. Full analysis of all elements system unit. Perhaps the cooling of the processor or video card is faulty, or a full analysis, and possibly replacement, of the power supply is necessary. A possible option is that the power supply is working properly, but it does not have much high power for computer.
The computer won't turn on at all. Causes: damaged power cable, faulty power supply. Solutions: replacing the old cable with a new one. Check the power supply on another computer, if it is not working, replace it with a new power supply.
Regular computer time failure. Cause: villages CMOS battery located on the motherboard. Solution: newer.
The browser constantly changes start pages, bookmarks, and passwords.. Reasons: obvious presence of spyware or virus programs on the computer. Solutions: scan your computer for viruses, possibly complete reinstalling the operating system.
With an Internet connection using dual-up technology, they regularly receive huge phone bills, with outgoing calls to countries to which calls were not made. Reasons: availability on the computer spy program (dialer program). Solution: urgent reinstallation of the operating system with complete formatting the entire hard drive (antivirus programs in this case, ineffective).
Poor gaming performance, for enough powerful computer. Reason: set volume too small virtual memory. Solution: increasing the amount of virtual memory to any required size, but to the detriment of free space on system partition hard drive.
No sound on the computer, poor quality Images. Reason: The operating system may have been previously reinstalled. Solution: installation of all necessary drivers.
Internet does not work. Solution: check all network cables, check if the IP address is blocked, check your computer for viruses, check state personal account . Try to connect to the Internet later; it is possible that the problem is not with the computer, but on the side of the provider.
The computer speaker makes sounds regularly. Problem: the video card, processor, RAM, hard drive is faulty or incorrectly connected, sound card, or other components of the system unit, the monitor may not be connected to the video adapter. Solution: checking all computer components check for correct connections; if the problem is not solved, look for the faulty component and then replace it.
So, we have considered the most common problems, which ordinary users may encounter when working at their home computer. Of course, basic computer knowledge, as well as the help of the Internet, can help solve most of these problems, but there are some problems that it may not be entirely correct to solve on your own, since it is easy to cause the opposite effect and, as a result, only aggravate the situation. In such cases, it is best call a specialist who can perform a thorough diagnosis of the computer and solve the current problem.
To begin with, check whether there is a primary power supply of ~220V at the input of the power supply unit (PSU). The reason for the absence may be a break or malfunction of the plug, socket, surge protector or uninterruptible power supply, if you use them. In addition, on the back of most power supplies there is a primary power switch - it may be turned off or faulty.When a primary voltage of 220V is supplied, there should be a voltage of +5V at the +5Vsb output (purple wire) of the power supply, even when the computer is turned off. You can check it with a tester on the contacts of the power supply connector (pin 9 with a purple wire - + 5Vsb relative to any of the contacts with a black wire). Some motherboards have an LED indicating the presence of standby voltage. If it lights up, it means there is both primary and standby power.
If the computer still does not turn on, then the possible reasons may be the following:
Open circuit in the power button circuit. To check, you can use tweezers to close the power supply contacts on the motherboard or short the contacts of the power supply connector with the green wires (ON, sometimes designated as PS_ON, pin 16) and any contact with the black wire (GND, sometimes designated as COM).
Short circuit at the output of the power supply. Try turning off the power to all peripheral devices, removing all adapters from the slots, and disconnecting all USB devices.
PSU or motherboard malfunction. If only the motherboard is connected to the power supply connector, but the power still does not turn on, it is most likely that the power supply is faulty. A motherboard malfunction leading to the inability to turn on the computer's power supply is theoretically possible, but in practice it is extremely rare. To check, you can try turning on the power supply without connecting the connector to the motherboard. To do this, you need some kind of load connected to it, for example a CD-ROM. Close the ON and GND contacts - if the power supply turns on, the motherboard is faulty.
You will find the wiring for the 24-pin connector of the ATX power supply (ATX12V) with ratings and color coding of the wires
If the fans are spinning, there are no beeps, the disk activity indicator does not light up, try to simplify the configuration as much as possible. Turn off the computer, disconnect it from the primary voltage of 220V, remove all adapters from the expansion slots and disconnect all peripheral devices (USB, keyboard, mouse, etc.). If there are several memory modules, leave only one (in the future, it can also be replaced with another one from the kit). Sometimes, to find the cause of the problem, you can try to turn on the computer without any RAM at all. In this case, the boot will, of course, not start, but if the equipment that checks memory and produces sound signals is working properly, you will hear a characteristic squeak (for most BIOS versions - a continuous sequence of short beeps).
When the power is turned on, the BIOS self-test routine (Power On Self Test or POST) begins, and sound signals are the result of detecting an error caused by the absence of a video adapter, or, for example, RAM. The interpretation of sound signals depends on the manufacturer and BIOS version. For example, the absence of a video adapter when performing the AWARD BIOS self-test will cause 1 long and 2 short signals, AMI BIOS of older versions will cause 8 short signals. The explanation of the sound signals can be found in the documentation for the motherboard.
For testing programs of all BIOS versions, one short signal is used if the tests are completed without errors and the operating system starts loading.
If there are no sound signals in the minimum configuration, then the cause of the malfunction is the power supply, motherboard, or processor. Malfunction or absence sound device, not expected.
Just in case, try resetting the BIOS settings by installing a special jumper on the motherboard (Clear CMOS).
Quite often, the cause of the malfunction is swollen electrolytic capacitors in the processor power circuits on the motherboard, which is noticeable upon visual inspection.
The computer turns on spontaneously.
Spontaneous turning on of the computer's power supply is usually caused by incorrect BIOS settings. These settings refer to the parameters ACPI(Advanced Configuration and Power Interface), power management interface. It is sometimes also called the interface to access energy-saving hardware features. Part of the ACPI specification is the ability to turn on the computer's power when certain conditions occur. events- power management events (Power Management Event or PME), specified by the motherboard BIOS settings. Such events can be the pressing of certain keys on the keyboard, specially generated ETHERNET frames, the coincidence of the response time according to the internal clock, the supply of primary voltage (220V) to the input of the power supply, etc.
The name and contents of the BIOS power management section depend on the specific manufacturer and version ("Power Management Setup", "ACPI Configuration", "Advanced Power Management Setup", etc.)
Below is an example of the settings of the "Power - APM Configuration" section of AMI BIOS v2.61:
Restore on AC Power Lost- behavior of the system in the event of a power failure. Meaning Power Off- the system will remain off, Power On- the computer will turn on as soon as power is restored. In other words, if this mode is enabled in the BIOS, when the primary voltage (220V) is supplied, the computer will turn on on its own, without pressing the POWER button
Power On By RTC Alarm- turning on the power supply according to the computer’s internal clock (analogous to an alarm clock).
Power On By External Modes- the power supply will be turned on when there is an incoming call to an external modem connected to the serial port.
Power On By PCI (PCIE) Devices- allows the computer to be turned on from devices on the PCI (PCI-E) bus.
Power On By PS/2 Keyboard- allows turning on power from a keyboard connected to the PS/2 connector
For some network adapters exist additional features turning on the power supply based on events related to the operation of the external network equipment, such as the appearance of a carrier at the receiver input, etc. More information about turning on the power supply in the local network -.
Typically, the default BIOS settings do not allow the computer to turn on due to power management events.
The computer turns off spontaneously.
Possible reasons:
Rarely, but it still happens - the activation of the protection causes a short-term short circuit that occurs during vibration. It can occur when there is a small distance between power buses, connector pins, board elements or conductors with damaged insulation and the housing. When diagnosing, you can use light tapping of the suspected places where the short circuit occurs.
The computer freezes or reboots spontaneously.
We are talking only about freezes and reboots caused by malfunction or unstable operation of the equipment.
Often freezing and spontaneous reboots are accompanied by errors in unpacking archives, diagnostic messages from individual programs, and system messages about the inability to run an application or open a file.
As in the case of spontaneous shutdown, the cause may be overheating, insufficient power, or instability of the output voltage of the power supply. Another common reason is the use of overclocking to increase performance. Overclocking always reduces system stability.
Diagnosis of the problem:
Analyze the system logs. Perhaps there are records there that will help determine the causes of unstable operation.
Cancel automatic reboot mode when a critical Windows error occurs. "Start" - "Settings" - "Control Panel" - "System" - "Advanced" - "Boot and Recovery - Settings" - you need to uncheck the "Perform automatic reboot" checkbox. It is useful to enable (if not enabled) the small memory dump recording mode, which can help in finding the causes of a critical error using the BlueScreenView utility, as described in the section "Finding the problematic driver"
Try booting the OS in safe mode. In this mode, only those device drivers and system services that are minimally required are loaded. Their list is determined by the contents of the registry section
HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SafeBoot
Subsections:
Minimal- list of drivers and services that start in Safe Mode
Network- the same, but with network support.
A blue screen of death (BSOD) with different codes on different drivers most likely indicates a hardware problem, usually this is:
Some tips:
1. Diagnostics is greatly simplified if you manage to record the situation, i.e. - find such a combination of conditions when a failure definitely occurs.
2. When diagnosing, try to simplify the equipment configuration as much as possible - physically disconnect what you can do without.
3. If you suspect that overheating is the cause of unstable operation, try installing additional fans. When installing them, try not to create oncoming air flows.
You can also use the motherboard BIOS settings to artificially reduce the performance of your computer.
Typically, the BIOS has settings to increase performance (overclocking) by increasing the clock speeds of the processor, memory, and data buses. For stable operation, as a rule, it is also necessary to increase the supply voltages of the components of overclocked devices. Both the first and second are accompanied by an increase in energy consumption and additional heating. Lowering clock frequencies and supply voltages will reduce heating of the elements. However, keep in mind that a significant reduction in voltage, as a rule, also reduces the stability of their operation.
4. If you use RAM modules that are not included in the list recommended by the motherboard manufacturer, as in the previous case, try reducing their performance with BIOS settings, but do not reduce, but, on the contrary, increase the supply voltage step by step. If there are several modules, try using only one of them as an experiment.
If, after replacing the motherboard, you cannot boot Windows, which appears as cyclic reboot- check if the cause of this phenomenon is the “blue screen of death” with a critical error Stop 0x0000007B Inaccessible Boot Device . How to restore system functionality
Programs for monitoring and testing equipment:
Aida64- one of the most popular programs for diagnosing and monitoring equipment. Displays detailed information about the processor, motherboard, memory, devices, temperature sensor readings, etc. Can also be used to conduct network audits and configure for optimal performance. Extended versions of the program have extensive diagnostic capabilities, including local network analysis. There is support for the Russian language. The program is paid. Program website - www.aida64.com
Everest Ultimate Edition (Everest Corporate Editions)- predecessor of Aida64. Before replacing it with Aida64, it was the most popular program for monitoring, diagnosing and testing computer hardware. Program website - www.lavalys.com/
SIV (System Information Viewer)- The program is free. Shows very detailed information about the system, local network and hardware. Provides information about a wide range of characteristics of the local computer and workstations: installed hardware and software, data from temperature and voltage sensors, information about the processor, memory, hard drives and much more. In terms of capabilities (except for the convenience of presenting information), it is practically not inferior to the paid Aida64. The program is constantly updated. You can download the latest version from the manufacturer's download page rh-software.com
SpeedFan 4.40- a free program for monitoring the motherboard (temperature, voltage, fan speed). It has the ability to read S.M.A.R.T - attributes of hard drives, and, accordingly, their temperature. Allows you to adjust the fan speed.
Memtest86- program for testing RAM. The program website is memtest86.com. Testing with Memtest86 does not require any operating system; the program is loaded from a floppy disk, flash drive or CD-ROM. Memtest86 It is distributed in both paid (PRO) and free (Free) versions. The site contains links for downloading ready-made images in .ISO format for using the program in Windows environment and Linux.
