Step-by-step installation of Windows XP. Creating a virtual HDD partition
These days there are many versions of the OS from the developer software Microsoft. However, many users are very skeptical about the new versions, preferring the beloved and familiar XP. However, sometimes it becomes necessary to work simultaneously with two different versions OS. To do this, users create two system partitions, each with its own Windows installed. However, this approach is not entirely successful, since it requires the creation of an additional system partition and limits the use of hard drive resources. But there is alternative solution, which not all modern users know about, namely, installing a virtual machine.
Virtual machine: definition and purpose
The process of installing a virtual machine itself is very simple, however, before talking about it, you need to find out what a VM is and what benefits it provides to users.
Without going into all the technical aspects of this technology, the most simple definition virtual machine will be the following statement: a virtual machine is a complete analogue of a personal computer, operating in virtual environment. The principle of working with a VM is completely identical to working with a stationary operating system. Users can customize it completely to suit their needs and install the necessary software without interacting with Windows installed on the main computer.
We will analyze the procedure for installing and configuring a VM using an example operating system XP, since it does not support working with many modern programs, written for OS version Vista and higher. Thus, using XP as a guest OS, you can install older Windows on virtual machine and work with absolutely all applications, without interrupting the operating system.
Such a solution is optimal not only from the point of view of ease of use, but also in terms of reducing associated financial costs, since there is no need to purchase a license. The only thing that is required is the correct choice of operating parameters, which will be discussed below.
Boot disk
Creating and setting up a VM with the XP operating system on eight or any other edition of the OS from Microsoft is absolutely identical, so the process we discussed is applicable when working with any Windows. However, we will look at creating a virtual machine in work environment eight, since this version is the most common among most modern users.
The first thing the VM installation process begins with is the creation boot disk with the original XP distribution. It is worth noting that it is recommended to choose the operating system version SP3, since this edition is the most complete, with all the bugs fixed and a set of necessary drivers.
To create a bootable disk, you can use an optical or external drive, and for recording, you can use any program designed for this. Some of the most common are UltraISO and DAEMON Tools.
Creating a virtual machine: general information and necessary software
To create a VM, you must have specialized software installed. There are no special requirements when choosing the right software; however, it must be compatible with the version of the operating system installed on your computer. These days you can find a large variety of similar software on the Internet, however, in our article the process of installing and configuring a VM will be discussed using the example of the VirtualBox virtual shell, since it is the best option in terms of hardware requirements and has a very simple and unobtrusive system interface, which will be easy for any category of user to work with.
Installation Oracle VirtualBox
Before you start creating a VM, you must first prepare your computer for this. To do this, you need to install the appropriate software, in our case Oracle VirtualBox, which acts as a virtual environment in which XP will be located.
Installing the software does not take much time and does not require deep knowledge of Windows areas. First of all, you need to log in under an administrator account and run the VirtualBox installation distribution. Further, the installation process is similar to that which occurs when installing any program. We simply indicate the directory in which the virtualization program will be stored and follow the requirements of the installation wizard.
It is immediately necessary to mention that during installation the user may receive warnings about the incompatibility of the program and the current OS version. However, there is nothing wrong with this and you just need to continue with the installation. There is nothing to worry about if your Internet connection suddenly disappears, since all the files necessary for installation are included in the distribution, so there is no need to download anything from the network.
An important nuance during installation is the installation of drivers. This process is fully automated and all the user needs to do is confirm this action by clicking on the appropriate graphic button.
Once the installation of the virtual shell is complete, it will launch system window VirtualBox. The default language in Windows will be automatically selected as the main language, so you can immediately start working with the utility. If the program does not start and appears system message about incompatibility between the software and the operating system, you just need to run the program as an administrator. However, such a situation occurs extremely rarely and everything begins to function normally immediately after installation.
Creating a virtual area
When you launch Oracle VirtualBox for the first time, you need to create a new virtual machine in the program. This can be done using a special button located at the top of the window, or through the command menu of the drop-down menu. It is worth noting that GUI, as well as the name and location of controls may differ depending on the version of the program.
So, when you have found the required button and clicked on it, you will need to specify the name of the VM and the type of OS that will run in the virtual environment. In our case, we are creating a virtual machine for XP, so we specify it in the program settings.
Setting up a virtual machine
Next, you need to specify the amount of RAM memory that will be allocated for the operation of the virtual environment. The minimum volume required for operation is 192 megabytes, however, if under XP installed on a virtual machine, it will run more quantity programs or they will require significant hardware resources, then a larger amount of RAM will need to be allocated to the virtual environment.
The best option is 512 megabytes or one gigabyte. However, if your computer has a small amount of random access memory, then this may be detrimental to the operation of the guest OS, which may begin to become unstable and freeze. Therefore it is very important to achieve optimal distribution computer resources.
Creating a virtual HDD partition
So, when the virtual environment is created and configured, you can proceed to creating a virtual system partition into which the operating system will be installed in the future. To do this, you need to start the corresponding service integrated by VirtualBox, which is called the “Virtual Box Creation Wizard”. hard drive».
First of all, you need to select the type of virtual hard drive: static or dynamic. In the first case, the volume of the hard drive will be constant, and in the second, it will automatically increase as needed and as it becomes full. It is worth noting. That regardless of the type of virtual HDD, it is recommended to set the initial volume to at least 10 gigabytes.
At this stage, a directory is also specified on the physical hard drive in which all data from the virtual partition will be stored. For these purposes, it is better to use a logical partition on which user files. In this case, if the main operating system is reinstalled, the virtual machine will remain on the computer and will not need to be created and configured again, which will save a lot of time.
At the final stage of setting up the virtual machine, the user will be presented with a window in which all operating parameters involved in the setup process will be displayed. If all of them are relevant, then we simply complete all the work and close the wizard.
Windows installation XP on virtual disk
So, the virtual machine is created, configured and working normally, what next? Now you can start installing XP on virtual HDD, hosted in a virtual shell. To do this, we use the previously created boot disk with the installation distribution of the operating system.
Depending on the type of boot disk, optical or flash drive, you need to go to the program settings and specify the disk drive or USB connector as the first boot loader. Select the created virtual disk as the installation location. After this, save changes made and click on the “Start” button to begin installing Windows.
Shared Folders and Add-ons
Installing XP in a virtual shell does not end with the process described above. For stable operation of both operating systems, it is necessary to configure their interaction. This is necessary so that they can use shared files and folders. For these purposes, you can use both the main hard drive and an external drive.
In addition, for ease of use of the VM, the user must be able to fast switching between desktop and guest OS without first rebooting the computer. To do this, you need to launch XP installed in a virtual environment and go to the “Devices” section. Next, run the “Install add-ons” command and specify the directory that will be shared. After this is done, you can begin to fully use all the capabilities of the virtual machine and simultaneously work with two different versions of the Windows operating system.
To select the required OS to boot, you can use standard commands, which are assigned manually by the user, or select the desired version when the computer boots.
Name: Windows XP for dummies.
Here is a wonderful book about the latest edition of the operating system from Microsoft, intended for home users. - Windows XP.
Written by renowned author Andy Rathbone. this book will help you take your first steps in mastering a new operating system. From the material in the book you will learn what Windows XP is and what it is capable of. Here you will find descriptions of Windows XP components, including Windows Player Media, Internet Explorer 6.0, Outlook Express 6.0, New Connection Wizard, etc.
The book is intended for users with different levels preparation. Lightweight and
An accessible style of presentation will help even beginners quickly master Windows XP.
WindowsXP for Dummies welcomes you!
This book is based on the idea that there are people who want to using Windows to create miracles. They love to communicate with the computer through dialog boxes. In their spare moments, they randomly press keys on their keyboard, hoping to stumble upon hidden, undescribed possibilities. While tidying up the linen closet, they memorize long computer commands.
Table of contents
Introduction 17
Chapter 1. What is Windows XP 23
Chapter 2. A short course in computer anatomy 29
Chapter 3. Windows Basics XP 45
Chapter 4: Getting Started with Windows XP 63
Chapter 5. A Walking Guide to Windows XP 73
Chapter 6. Games with windows 91
Chapter 7. I think I lost something 95
Chapter 8. Let's share information (moving words, pictures and sounds) 103
Chapter 9. Networking 111
Chapter 10. Windows XP Desktop, Start Button, and Taskbar 129
Chapter 11. This creepy program My computer 153
Chapter 12. Journey through World Wide Web, sending email
and use of newsgroups 175
Chapter 13. Sounds! Video! Player Windows Media! 197
Chapter 14. How to set up Windows XP " 215
Chapter 15. The Case of the Broken Window 242
Chapter 16. What these intrusive menus mean 249
Chapter 17. Windows XP Help System 255
Chapter 18. Ten new ones Windows features XPs worth knowing about 267
Chapter 19. Ten reasons you don't like Windows XP
(and how to deal with it) 273
Chapter 20. Ten Windows XP Icons (And What They Do) 279
Chapter 21. Ten questions about Windows XP 283
Application. Glossary of terms 289
Subject index 294
Download the e-book for free in a convenient format, watch and read:
Download the book Windows XP for Dummies - Andy Rathbone - fileskachat.com, fast and free download.
Download pdf
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Greetings. I decided to write about it today how to install Windows XP. They just brought me a computer, it’s kind of old, it’s already old. RAM 256 MB, Celeron processor, HDD 40 GB. Well then? But whatever, XP is just right for him.
It’s just that everyone is already writing about installing Windows 8, but something has gone wrong with me. Well, oh well, I think that XP will still live, because whatever one may say, it’s a good OS and many people still work with it. I would like to immediately apologize for the photos; I took the photos on a 15-inch monitor and also on my phone. Ideally, of course, you could install Windows XP on a virtual machine and take beautiful screenshots, but I have a living example :).
Preparing to install Windows XP
Important! Make sure that drive C (the drive on which you have or have installed the operating system) does not contain information that is important to you. Desktop and folder "My Documents" is stored on drive C. If there is information, it can be copied to drive D using a boot disk.
If everything is fine, then we move on. Put installation disk with Windows XP into the computer drive and restart the computer. If, after the download starts, you see loading at the bottom of the screen (the dots will move), then everything is fine. Quickly press any key (we didn’t have time:), restart the computer again) and you can proceed to the beginning of the installation.
Well, if you didn’t boot from the CD, but the computer started booting as usual from the hard drive, or an error appeared that caused you to reinstall the operating system, then it means that you don’t have boot from the drive set first in your BIOS. I already wrote an article about that, but in this computer the BIOS was different from what is described in the article.
Go to the “Boot” tab.
Click “ Boot Device Priority"
Using the “Enter” and “Top” “Down” keys, set CD/DVD first, then the hard drive, etc. Now press F10 and save the changes. The computer will restart and the CD will begin loading. Press any button and proceed to the beginning of the installation.
Windows XP installation process
As soon as you press any key, we see this:
Here you will have to wait, well, nothing can be done, we wait :).
In this window, press “Enter”.
We accept license agreement by pressing the F8 key.
As you can see, I already found an old one Windows version XP and you can try to restore it, but I think you need it too clean install, so press “Esc”.
We select the partition on the hard drive in which we want to install the operating system. As a rule, this is C:, select it and press “Enter”.
Confirm the installation with the “C” key.
Here you need to choose how the partition will be formatted. I advise you to choose FAT and not fast. Press “Enter”. Confirm formatting by pressing the “F” key.
We wait until the partition on the hard drive is formatted.
Copying files from the disk will start immediately, wait again :(.
You can immediately set up the language and keyboard. Click “Next”.
Enter your name and organization name. Go ahead.
Setting the time and date. Click “Next”.
We're waiting again, just don't go too far :).
I left “Regular settings” and clicked “Next”.
We enter the name of the computer on the network. And we continue with the installation.
We read the greeting and, as usual, click “Next”.
Configuring automatic update settings.
We skip these settings, or you can configure the Internet.
You can register with Microsoft. But I refused. Let's continue.
We specify users by computer.
Congratulations! Windows XP installation is complete.
All friends, the installation is complete and you can start using your computer. I also want to note that I installed the simplest one Windows assembly XP. You may also have an assembly, for example from ZWER, where the installation process may be slightly different. For example, in this version I still entered the key, I forgot to take a photo. But in the assembly from ZWER there seems to be no such item. Well, if he asks for a key, then look for it in text file, which you most likely downloaded with the disk image.
Well, that's it. Good luck friends!
Also on the site:
How to install Windows XP? Guide with pictures updated: December 20, 2012 by: admin
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Installation and Windows setup XP. Self-instruction manual
Oleg Stepanenko
Publisher: Williams
Year of manufacture: 2005
Number of pages: 336
Description:
This book offers methods for solving a wide variety of issues that arise for almost every user at all stages of his work with the Windows XP operating system. It describes the Windows XP customization elements used in different situations to set certain parameters of the hardware and software of a personal computer. The coverage of the PC and OS settings under consideration is as wide as possible - from ordinary elements user and desktop interface Windows desktop before connecting to the Internet and organizing a home computer network.
Add. information: The book is intended for a wide readership, including beginners, who will find in it a lot of interesting information about setting installation parameters and working with window architecture components in Windows environment XP, as well as advanced users who will be interested in customizing settings to improve PC reliability and performance.
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Genre: Computer literature
Publisher: Peter
Russian language
Number of pages: 272
Description: This publication is intended for users who are already somewhat familiar with the computer and want to learn how to independently install and configure the operating system. Available language presentation of material and a large number of visual illustrations will help you install Windows 7 correctly and configure your computer to achieve optimal performance. Moreover, in the book...
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Installing and restoring Windows XP from scratch! Book + Video course! (+CD-ROM)
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Developer: S. Altshuler
Publisher: Best books devsite: NO
Interface language: RUSSIAN
Platform: PC
System requirements: Windows XP(sp1/sp2/sp3) Adobe Reador
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Russian language
Number of pages: 185
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Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition and Professional
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Windows XP. Complete guide to questions and answers
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Number of pages: 544
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Windows XP Registry
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Description: Knowing how to work with the registry will allow you to customize Windows XP in ways that you cannot customize it using the user interface. You will learn where in the registry Windows XP and other programs save their settings, learn how to create and distribute effective profiles users, write scripts to edit the registry, create own files Windows packages Installer to manage registry settings, understand how the registry affects the deployment of Windows XP and Office XP. ...
Desktop. Desktop elements
Look at the computer screen. Everything that appears on the screen after the computer boots: graphic elements, beautiful background, buttons - all of this together is called “ Worker table ». Background image serves as a design element worker table . Also on worker table always present icons And labels , representing computer controls, and panel tasks .
Panel tasks - required attribute worker table Windows. It is usually located along the bottom edge of the screen, although its position can be changed. On panels tasks are located:
· Start button.
· Display panel (date/time indicator, language bar indicator, etc.).
· Open window buttons , If there are any.
The user has at his disposal a device with which he can select the desired element and change its state. Such a device serves as mouse . The representative of the mouse on the screen is an arrow pointer or cursor mice . Using the mouse, you can perform seven basic control techniques.
Ø Cover the mouse with the palm of your hand. Point the arrow pointer at the indicator time in the lower right corner of the screen: a tooltip appears containing the current date.
Ø Try hovering your mouse over any other object worker table.
This control technique is called " freezing " or an indication of an object. Basic the mouse button usually serves as left button. Most operations when working on a computer are performed using the left mouse button (LMB). The next action that we will study is a mouse click (meaning LMB click).
Ø Hover your mouse over the icon Baskets, click LMB: The icon has changed color, which means the object is ready to use.
By clicking once on an object, the user selects (selects) the object with which he will work.
Ø Click to select LMB an object My documentation. Click LMB and, while holding it pressed, move the object to the upper right corner of the screen.
This technique is called drag and drop .
Ø Using drag and drop, arrange all the icons horizontally in a row along panels tasks:
For a visual representation of control objects, we use icons . Icon is a small image with a text caption and provides the user with access to the corresponding object. All operations that the user performs with the icon are also performed with the object itself. An object can only have one icon.
Ø Find on worker table the following icons:
· My computer - this icon provides access to all computer resources;
· Basket - a place for temporary storage of information to be deleted.
Also on worker table may be labels . Labels represent a reference to an object and are intended to quick access to objects computer system. There can be as many labels for one object as desired. The visual difference between a label and an icon is the presence of a small arrow in the lower left corner of the label:
Ø Find visually on worker table object labels.
Window. General techniques for working with windows
To view the contents of computer objects, as well as to perform settings and current tasks, use special objects called windows . Window are containers containing objects, data, and controls.
There are four types of windows:
· Folder windows - are intended for access to objects;
· Dialog boxes - intended for settings and management;
· Help system windows;
· Application windows - intended to perform current tasks.
To access the contents of an object, you need to quickly double-click on the object icon. This method of working with a mouse is called - double click .
Ø My computer.
The object window has opened My computer , at the same time a button for an open window appeared on the taskbar.
Ø LMB click on the button My computer on panels tasks. The window should collapse into a button. Clicking this button again returns the window My computer to the screen.
Window My computer belongs to the type window -folders . Let's look at the main elements of windows using this window as an example:
Ø Look at the main elements of the window and find them on the screen.
In the upper left corner of the window is the name of the object, and in the right - buttons
management
window
:
Ø
Roll up the window My computer on Panel tasks;
Ø
Expand it by clicking on the button of the same name on the taskbar; Ø
Expand it to full screen; Ø
Open the window Basket;
Ø
Maximize the window to full screen. Window is currently active Basket
, however, you can switch between open windows using the buttons on the taskbar. Ø
LMB click on the button on panels tasks go to window My computer;
Ø
Roll it up to normal size; Ø
Activate the window Basket by clicking on its visible part; Ø
Close it. There should be a window on the screen My
computer
in reduced sizes. By dragging the title bar of a window, you can change its position on the screen. Hover your mouse over the title bar of the window and, while holding down LMB, move the window to the upper right corner of the screen. Folder windows allow you to arbitrarily resize the window. To do this, use a mouse technique called dragging. Ø
Hover your mouse over lower limit window, crossing the border, it takes the form double arrows;
Ø
When the mouse pointer changes to a double arrow, click the LMB and, while holding it down, drag the border down. In this case, the height of the window should change; Ø
Hover your mouse over the left border of the window and similarly change its width; Ø
Move the mouse cursor to the lower left corner and, using dragging, return the original (by eye) dimensions of the window; Ø
Close the window.
Files and folders All information inside the computer is stored in the form files
. File
- this is any information stored on a computer separately from others and having its own name. File
- this is one picture, or one program, or one text document. There are thousands of files stored on your computer. To make it easier to find the desired file, information about the topic related files grouped and stored using special objects - folders
. Folders
contain all the basic information about the files: names, sizes and locations of each of them. Folders
usually have a yellow standard icon, although the appearance of the icon is easy to change. Under the icon there is a text inscription - the name of the folder. On worker
table
The folders necessary for constant use can be removed from the computer. Find visually folders
on worker
table
. Files and folders form a hierarchical structure, which means that inside a folder there can be both files and other subfolders. Ø
Open (double-click) the folder Samples on worker table computer. Review its contents in working region folders;
Ø
Open the folder Images. It contains graphic files.
Files are opened in the same way as other computer system objects - by double-clicking. Ø
Open any file; Ø
Close it using the close window button. Consider the address bar of an open window: It contains path
to the file.
The path to the file
is a chain of names of nested folders separated by a slash ( slash
) and ending with the file name. Examine the toolbar of this window. Let's look at how some of the buttons on this panel work. Button Up
is intended to go to the folder in which the opened file is located. this moment folder. In our case, this is the folder Samples
. Ø
Browse to folder Samples via button Up;
Ø
Open the folder Programs.
Button Back
returns to the folder that was previously viewed. Ø
Return to folder Images via button Back, click LMB on it twice. Button View
allows you to change the way the objects contained in a folder are displayed. Ø
Click on the small arrow to the right of the button View and in the drop-down list click on the line List;
Ø
Consider how the display of files in a folder has changed Images;
Ø
Try choosing other ways to display objects; Ø
Review the list of common tasks in the window open folder.
In a list of typical tasks, each line represents hyperlink
. Ø
Find in list typical tasks open folder line My computer;
Ø
Click LMB on this line; Most of the information available on a computer is stored on disks. There are different drive models that use different principles recording and reading information. Permanently installed on the computer hard disks, used to store information. Computer disks are designated in capital Latin letters. Hard drives are designated C:, D:, E
:
etc. Ø
Open the disk with double-click LMB; Ø
Open the folder; On the right side of the folder window is band
scrolling
. It is designed to view information in a window in cases where the contents of the work area do not fit completely into it. At the top and bottom stripes
scrolling
There are buttons for “scrolling” the contents of the window one line up or down, respectively. Ø
View the contents of a folder Samples, using the down arrow button; Ø
Return to the top of the content using the up arrow button; Between the top and bottom arrows there is a movable rectangle - slider
, it shows which part of the folder's contents is currently being viewed: top, middle, bottom. Runner
also serves for faster browsing of folder files. Ø
Hover your mouse over slider and, while holding it down, pull slider down, note the scrolling of the work area; Ø
Return slider to the top stripes scrolling;
Ø
Close the window. Main menu
Menu
V computer terminology- this is a set all kinds of teams, from which you must choose one. Button Start
located on the computer's taskbar opens Main
menu
. Main
menu
- this is a control element worker
table
a computer designed for quick access to programs, documents, configuration and search tools. Click LMB on the button Start- opens before you Main menu.
It contains the following items: ·
Programs -
an item that allows access to all programs installed on the computer. ·
Documentation -
an item for quick access to the latest documents that were worked with on the computer; ·
Settings -
the main means of accessing various computer settings; ·
Find -
an item that provides access to automated data retrieval tools; ·
Help and support -
entering the computer help system; ·
Turn off computer -
The item that should be used to shut down the computer. Navigation through menu items is performed by simply hovering the mouse pointer. Items marked with a triangle contain nested second-level submenus. By clicking on any final menu item, you can launch a program or open a document. Ø
Hover over the line documentation and follow the blue bar to the second level menu (on the right); Ø
Click to open one of the most recently used documents; close it without making any changes; Ø
Go back to Main menu select item programs;
Ø
If a small double arrow appears at the end of the second level menu, this means that the menu has not fully opened. In this case, move the mouse pointer over it and it will open completely; Ø
Select item - Standard, the third level menu opens on the right. It contains a list of standard programs; Ø
Follow the blue bar to this list and click LMB to select Calculator.
An electronic calculator has the same buttons as a regular one and performs the same functions. You can control it by pressing the buttons with a left-click. Ø
Try some random calculations; Ø
Close Calculator.
Shut down your computer. Modern computers provide special procedure completion of work. You cannot simply turn off the computer after finishing work, as this may lead to a violation of the integrity of the computer. logical structure and data loss. Ø
Close everything open windows, If there are any; Ø
Make sure there are no minimized window buttons on the taskbar. If they are, then expand and then close these windows; Ø
Go back to Main menu select item Turn off computer;
Ø
In the window that opens, click LMB button Shutdown;
Ø
Wait until the computer turns off completely. Starting the computer or, as they say bootstrap, occurs when a button is pressed Nutrition
(Power
) on the front panel system unit. Usually this is the largest button on the computer case. The following icon is usually present on or above it. Ø
Turn on the computer; if you have any difficulties, contact your teacher.
Context menu Each computer system object has unique properties (name, creation date, address, list of available commands, etc.) In order to access them, use the right mouse button - RMB. Right-clicking on an object opens it contextual
menu
. Team selection in contextual
menu
already performed using paint and varnish. The right mouse button is used only to call contextual
menu
. Contextual
menu
is a list of all possible commands related to the selected object. By definition, the context menu contains different commands for different objects. Ø
Right-click on the folder icon My documentation;
Ø
In the menu that opens, select (by clicking LMB) the item - Open.
This is another way to open an object. Ø
Close this window with buttons closing window;
Ø
Login again contextual menu this folder; Ø
Select team - Create label;
Ø
On worker table find the newly created one label folders My
documentation;
Ø
Right-click on the created shortcut; Ø
In the opened context menu select item Open;
Let us recall that label
intended for quick access to an object. That's why a window has opened in front of you My
documentation
. Ø
Close the window; Ø
IN contextual menu shortcut select item Delete;
Ø
Confirm deletion by clicking LMB by button YES in the opened small window; When this command is executed, the object to be deleted (in our case it is a shortcut) is placed in Cart
. Ø
Create your own shortcut for Baskets;
Ø
Open Cart double click LMB by label; Ø
Close Cart;
Ø
Remove the shortcut Baskets;
Ø
In the context menu Baskets select item Clear cart;
Ø
Confirm the final removal of objects; Ø
Check the command execution by opening Cart.
Ø
Open with Main menu several recent documents; Ø
Change the size of the opened windows as desired; Every computer system object has a context menu, including panels
tasks
. Open the taskbar context menu by right-clicking in an empty part of the taskbar bar. Ø
Select the item Show Worker table;
Ø
What happened? Analyze the result; Ø
Click RMB by clicking the button of any minimized window on the taskbar; Ø
In the menu that opens, select the item - Close;
Ø
In the taskbar context menu, select - Cancel collapse All;
Ø
Close any open windows by any means necessary.
Creating and renaming folders A computer's hard drive can contain thousands of files. They are organized using folders. Ø
Open the window My computer;
Ø
Double-click LMB to open drive D;
Ø
Open the folder Listeners PC;
Ø
Select View object display - list;
Ø
Visually determine which objects are folders and which are files. To create a new folder (as well as to perform any other operation with folders or files), there are three main methods: ·
Using the menu command File - Create folder;
·
Create a new folder;
·
By using context menu.
Create in a folder Listeners
your own folder for your future works, for this: Ø
Execute menu command File - New - Folder.
Appeared in the list of folders new folder. If the user does not enter a different name, the computer itself will leave its automatically assigned (by default) name - “New Folder”. Ø
Remove signature text - "New folder" using the key Delete on keyboard; Key Delete
deletes all characters located to the right of text cursor
(a blinking vertical line indicating where text is entered from the keyboard) or all text highlighted in a contrasting color (in our case). Ø
Enter the folder name - your last name; Ø
Complete your entry by pressing a key Enter;
Ø
Open your folder by double clicking; Ø
Right-click on your folder's workspace. From the context menu, select Create
- Folder;
If the folder name is highlighted in a contrasting color, then the new name can be entered immediately without deleting it. The computer will automatically replace the existing title with the new one. Ø
Enter the folder name - Documentation;
Ø
Create a new folder using the list of common tasks - Create new folder;
Ø
Call her - Graphic arts;
The folder name can be changed. There are also three ways to do this: ·
Using the menu command File - Rename;
·
Using the common task list command Rename folder;
·
By using context menu.
Ø
Select the image folder with one click and give the command to rename it using any of the suggested methods; Ø
Enter a new folder name - " Images»;
Creating files By using contextual
menu
You can also create documents of various types: text, graphic and other files. The file type can be determined by its name. The file name always consists of two parts: the actual name (which the user comes up with himself) and extensions
.
Extension
is assigned to the file automatically by the computer and points to the program with which the file was created. The border between these two parts is a dot. Thus, the period and extension are an integral part of the file name. Let's look at examples. Ø
Using a button Up folder window toolbar return to folder Listeners
PC;
Ø
Look at the icons of the files it contains (at the end of the list); They all have an extension. Extension .doc
or points to text
format
file, .xls
- files electronic
tables
etc. Ø
Navigate to your folder. Ø
Open the folder Documentation.
Ø
Documentation Create - Text document.
Ø
An icon for the newly created file appears to give it a new name instead of the one assigned automatically - Text document, click LMB to position the cursor exactly to the left of the point separating the file name and extension. To delete characters located to the left of the cursor, use the key Backspace
. On the keyboard it is located above the key Enter
and is indicated by an arrow. Ø
Delete with key Backspace signature " Text document" and enter a new name " a note" The extension should remain unchanged; Ø
Press the key Enter.
Extension .txt
indicates that the generated file is a text file and was created using a text editor Notebook
. Program Notebook
refers to Standard
and serves to create protozoa
text
documents
. To enter capital letters, as well as punctuation marks, hold down the key shift
keyboard and click LMB on the desired letter. Key shift
Do not hold pressed for more than eight seconds! Ø
Enter the following text: «
I ask you to give me a vacation at your own expense for two days. »
Ø
Click the close window button. The computer displays a dialog box asking you to save the changes you have made to the “note” document. To save the typed text, press the LMB button " Yes
» Please note the file size has changed. Let's create another file - a graphic one. Ø
Go to folder Images;
Ø
Right-click on the folder's workspace Images and in the context menu that opens, select the command Create - Spot drawing;
Extension .bmp
points to graphic type created file. Ø
Enter a new name " Flower.bmp»;
There are many programs for working with graphic files, so to further edit the file you need to select a program. This can be done in two ways: ·
Using the menu command File - Open with - program name
; ·
Using the same context menu command. Ø
Right-click on the file icon and select from the context menu Open with - Paint;
Program Paint
also applies to the package Standard
programs
and is used to create and edit simple bitmaps. An application (program) window has the same basic elements as a folder window: The tool is always selected by default in the toolbar Pencil
, and in the color panel the color is black. To select tools or colors, click LMB. Tool Pencil
used to draw a free line. Ø
Move your mouse pointer to work area(sheet), it will take the form of a pencil. While holding down LMB, try moving the mouse. The line that appears on the sheet follows the trajectory of the mouse. To remove a drawn line, use the tool Eraser
. The operating principle of the instrument is the same. Ø
Select a tool Eraser and, while holding down LMB, erase the drawn line; Ø
LMB select the brown color and draw a flower on the leaf. To fill a closed contour, use the tool Fill
, which is located to the right of the eraser. Ø
LMB select the tool Fill;
Ø
Select a color to color the petal from the color picker; Ø
LMB-click inside the petal; If you try to fill an open contour, the paint “leaks” onto the sheet. In this case, you need to cancel the fill using the menu command Edit - Cancel
and correct errors. When the contour is drawn to a closed line, you can repeat the filling. Ø
Color the drawing; Ø
Another operating algorithm is also possible. First, the user opens the desired program, and then creates and saves the document. Ø
Open the program using the main menu Paint:
Start - Programs - Accessories - Paint;
Ø
Consider
line
header
window. The program automatically creates new document, which has a default name - Unnamed.bmp
. With this operating procedure, it is important to correctly save the file using the menu bar. Ø
Select menu command File - Save As;
A dialog box of the same name will open, in which you must specify your folder as the location to save the file and the name of the document to be created. LMB click on the icon My computer on the left side of the window; A folder should open on the right side of the dialog box My computer
, and in the option Folder
Its name. Ø
Double-click LMB to open drive D;
Ø
Open the folder sequentially PC listeners, and then your folder; Ø
Open the folder Images;
In option Folder
The folder name should be displayed - Images.
Ø
To option File name Enter the title Sun;
Ø
Notice the change in the window's title bar; Ø
Select yellow from the color palette; Ø
From the toolbar, select a tool Ellipse;
Ø
Hover your mouse over the sheet; The mouse pointer changed to a cross. Ø
Using the dragging method with the LMB pressed, draw a circle diagonally; Ø
Select a tool Fill and click LMB inside the circle; Ø
Select a tool Line.
When selecting some program tools Paint
opens additional panel, which opens additional capabilities of the selected tool. For example, for a tool Line
can choose thickness
lines
. Ø
Select medium thickness; Ø
Move the mouse pointer over the circle and, while holding down the LMB, pull out a “ray” from the circle; Ø
Draw the rays in the same way; Ø
Close the document and save the changes. Deleting and restoring information
Basket
is a special folder in which files to be deleted are temporarily placed. As with all other operations with files and folders, there are three ways to delete: using the menu, using the list of common tasks, and using the context menu. There is a fourth way to delete an object - using the key Delete
on keyboard. Ø
Select a folder with one click Documentation;
Ø
Press the key Delete on keyboard. Confirm deletion; Ø
Open the folder Images. Right click on the file icon "Flower.bmp";
Ø
In the context menu, select - Delete. Confirm deletion. If files were deleted by mistake, the Recycle Bin allows you to restore them by returning them to the same folder where they were before deletion. Ø
Minimize your folder to the taskbar. Open Cart;
Ø
Select the folder by clicking LMB Documentation;
Ø
From the list of common tasks, select - Restore object;
Ø
Select a file "Flower.bmp";
Ø
IN contextual menu file, select the command - Restore;
Ø
Go to your folder and make sure that the files are restored to their original positions; To permanently delete files, you must in the window Baskets
select a team - Empty trash
in any of the three ways known to you. Copying information. Special drag Basic file
operations
that any user has to perform on a computer is Creation
,
copying
,
moving
And deletion
files and folders. File operations are applied to the selected object, selection or selection of the object, as you already know, is carried out with one click of the LMB. The simplest method of moving or copying files and folders is done using special
drag and drop
.
Special
drag and drop
this is moving files or folders with the RMB pressed, the mouse cursor when dragging has normal look with the addition of the sign " +
" After performing a special drag and drop, the object's context menu opens. Let's look at how files are copied using special drag and drop. Ø
Browse to folder Listeners PC and find the document; Ø
Right-click on the object and, while holding it down, drag the document image to your folder; when your folder icon darkens, release RMB; Ø
In the opened contextual menu select item - Copy;
Ø
Open your folder and check if there is a copy of the file in it "Document structure and style.doc";
Let's now move using special drag and drop. Ø
Hold down RMB and drag the file icon "Document structure and style.doc" to the folder icon Documentation;
Ø
In the opened contextual menu select item - Move;
Ø
Open the folder Documentation and check that the task is completed correctly; Ø
Repeat the operations performed on the document "Spell Check.doc";
Ø
Check yourself: in the folder Documentation There should be copies of these two files, the original files should remain in the same place. Special drag and drop can also be used when copying files and folders from one folder window to another. Ø
Open the folder Images, and then resize the window so that it occupies exactly half the screen; Ø
Open the folder My drawings, which is located in the folder My Documents, located on Desktop computer, find examples of drawings in it: Ø
Resize the window so that it takes up the second half of the screen: Ø
Select how information is displayed in the window Sample drawings - Page thumbnails;
Ø
Right-click and drag the thumbnail files "Water lilies.jpg", to the folder window Images;
Ø
IN contextual menu select - Copy.
After copying, the file icon appears in the format that you selected to display the files in that folder. The appearance of a graphic file icon is determined by its extension. .jpg
or .jpeg
- bitmap format using an information compression algorithm GPEG
, which significantly reduces the size of the graphic file. Ø
Repeat the operation with any other graphic file from samples. Copying information to removable media Removable media or external memory are designed, like built-in disks, to store information. With all kinds external memory you will get to know each other in detail a little later, and today we will look at working with the most popular external storage media at the moment - Flash cards
. Flash card
Designed for storing and transferring fairly large amounts of information. It connects to the computer via USB port
. Immediately after connection Flash card
ready to use. Ø
Connect Flash card To USB port;
Please note: the icon should appear on the display panel Flash cards
. It may be called differently. Ø
Open the window My computer and find the icon Flash cards;
Ø
Double click on the icon Flash cards;
To copy information to Flash card
You can use both special and regular dragging. Ø
Open your folder, position the two windows so that you can drag and drop; Ø
Copy a folder using regular drag and drop Documentation on Flash card.
Copying information to Flash card
can also be done using the context menu. Ø
Minimize the window to the taskbar Flash cards;
Ø
Open contextual menu folders Images, select a command Send - removable disk H;
Ø
Check if it's done correctly by expanding the window Flash cards;
Ø
Remove from Flash cards the information you copied (the same as from any other folder); Ø
To turn off Flash cards click LMB on its icon on panels
indications;
The message appears: Ø
For proper shutdown Flash cards, click LMB on the text of this message; Ø
After the tooltip appears Flash card can be disabled. Conductor. Conductor
Windows
allows you to quickly view all the files and folders on your computer, and copy and move files from one folder to another if you know the location of the file or folder. To access this program, you can select the main menu command Start - Programs - Accessories - Explorer
, or you can use the button Folders
V panels
tools
any folder window. Ø
Run the program Conductor;
A folder window has opened, the left side of which displays the entire contents of the computer in hierarchical order, and the right side displays the contents of the default folder. All lines on the left side are hyperlinks
- elements that serve to quickly navigate to the selected folder. Left-clicking on a link line reveals the contents of the selected folder on the right side of the window Conductor
. Ø
LMB click on the line My Documents.
Let's look at the left side - Folders
. Sign «+»
to the left of the icon indicates the presence of subfolders; folders marked with this sign are collapsed. Click on a sign «+»
expands the contents of the selected folder. Icon «-«
on the contrary, it collapses the opened content. In our picture the contents of the folder are revealed My Documents
, it contains the folders: Activision
,
My videos, My drawings, My music
. These are folders second
level
, because they are nested in the folder first
level
.. They are located to the right of the others. Badges «+»
near the folders Activision
,
My videos, My music
mean that within these folders there are third-level subfolders. Folder My
drawings
does not have any icon, since only files are stored inside it. Folders My
computer
,
Network
environment
,
Samples
refer to folders first
level, their contents are hidden. Ø
Determine visually which folders on your computer belong to the first level and which to the second; Ø
Determine which folders have subfolders and which do not; Ø
Hide the contents of the folder on the left side My Documents(to do this, click LMB on the sign «-«
);
Ø
Click on the sign «+»
to the left of the icon My computer;
Clipboard
Buffer
exchange
is a special area of computer memory designed to temporarily store data when transferred from one place to another. By using buffer
exchange
You can copy and move files and folders, as well as exchange data between programs. Appeal to buffer
exchange
performed using the menu item Edit
or through contextual
menu. Ø
Expand on the right side of the window Conductor folder Samples;
Ø
Select any graphic file with a mouse click; Ø
In the context menu of this file, select the command Copy;
Ø
Find on the left side Conductor PC Listeners folder and then your folder, open the folder Images;
When performing operations on a group of files located in the same folder, special selection techniques are used. A group of files located nearby can be selected using the drag-and-drop method, enclosing them in a rectangular area. To select isolated files, hold down the key ctrl
. Ø
Return to folder Samples;
Ø
Set the object display type - Badges;
Ø
Select a group of six files by dragging; Ø
On the menu Edit select team Copy;
Ø
Go to your folder, open the folder Images;
Ø
Select a team Edit - Insert;
Ø
While holding down the key ctrl
, select all files copied from the folder by successive LMB clicks Samples;
Ø
Remove them using the key Delete.
Search files To find a lost file is used assistant
By
search
. Refer to assistant
You can use the main menu: Start - Find - Files
and folders or using the button Search
toolbars open folder window. You must specify part of the name or the entire name, as well as the folder within which the search will be carried out. Ø
Click the button Search;
Ø
In the list that opens, select files and folders;
Ø
Enter the name of the file you are looking for - Christmas;
Ø
In option Search in: select My computer;
Ø
Click the button Find;
Ø
Review the search results on the right side of the window. Desktop Customization U Desktop
, like any other object on your computer, has contextual
menu
. Ø
LMB click on an empty space Desktop;
Ø
Select in contextual menu paragraph Properties;
A dialog box has opened - Properties
:
Screen
. There may be so many controls in a dialog box that they cannot all fit in it. In such cases, the window is made up of several pages
-tabs
. Tabs have roots
, clicking LMB on the spine opens another page of the dialog box. Let's start with the simplest thing - choose background
drawing
worker
table
. Ø
LMB-click on the same name spine go to tab Desktop.
List Background image
contains a set of drawings for Desktop
; Clicking on the name of a picture allows you to view it in a special viewing area. Ø
Choose a design to your liking; Ø
Click the button Apply;
Screen saver
- a moving image or pattern that appears on the screen if the user does not perform any mouse or keyboard activity for a specified period of time. Ø
Go to masonry Screensaver;
To select the type of screen saver, use the list Screensaver
. To view the selected screensaver for a few seconds, use the button View
. Selected screensaver
starts automatically after the computer is idle for the period of time specified in the field Interval
. Ø
Install interval- One minute; Ø
Browse various screensavers and select any; Ø
Click the button OK;
Ø
Do not touch the mouse until the splash screen appears; Ø
Move the mouse across the table - the computer is ready for use again; Ø
Contact again dialog box Properties - Screen;
Ø
Open the tab Screensaver;
Ø
Select screensaver - Ticker;
Ø
Click the button Options
Ø
In the dialog box that opens, use LMB to drag the slider to the options Speed to position Low;
Ø
Expand the list color background, to do this, click LMB on arrow button to the right of this option; Ø
Select the background color of the screensaver; Ø
Remove text: "Ticket text" and enter yours; Ø
Click OK;
Ø
View the splash screen using the button View;
Ø
Select your screensaver Blank sheet;
Ø
Install interval- 5 minutes, press the button Apply;
Ø
Go to the tab Decor;
Ø
On the list Windows and buttons select - Windows style;
Ø
Color
diagram install - Silver;
Ø
Font size - Large font
;
Ø
Click the button Apply, please note the changes in design worker
table;
Ø
Select from option Windows and buttons - Classic style;
Ø
Color
diagram install - Standard blue;
Ø
Font Size - Regular
;
Ø
Click OK.
Main Menu Display Methods
Start button
also has contextual
menu
, which allows you to change properties main menu
. Ø
Select from the context menu buttons Start paragraph Properties;
Ø
In the dialog box that opens, go to the tab Menu Start;
This tab contains a main menu display style switch. To switch a style, click LMB on the circle to the left of the style name. Ø
Set the radio button to the first option and press the button Apply;
Please note that even the Worker
table
, now the icons are not displayed on it My Computer, Network Places, My Documents
and program icon Internet
Explorer
. In this option, all listed icons are displayed on the main menu. Ø
Open The main thing menu and consider it; It contains icons for the most recently used programs, and also provides access to all objects that were previously located on worker
table
. Ø
Select the item by clicking LMB My computer;
Ø
A folder that is already familiar to you opens. Ø
Close it. Ø
Move the mouse pointer to the line All programs, a list of all programs available on the computer and selected for display in Main menu;
Ø
Find and open Notebook;
Ø
Close the program; Ø
Set the second display option main menu - Classic start menu and press the button OK.
Customizing the taskbar On panels
tasks
located: button Start;
open window buttons ; quick launch bar
And display panel.
On display panels
present
usually indicator
layouts
keyboards
And indicator
Date Time
. As you already know, when you hover your mouse over any of these indicators, a tooltip will pop up. Let's look at their operation and settings. Ø
Right-click onindicator
Date Time
and selectSetting the date/time
;
In the dialog box that opens Properties: Date and time
set a custom date and time, press the button Apply
; Ø
Restore currentDate and time
, pressOK
.
When working on a computer, in particular when typing text, there is often a need to use other languages. To switch between languages you can use indicator
keyboard layouts
or keyboard
combinations
(simultaneous pressing of several keys on the keyboard). Ø
Open your folder, in the folderDocumentation
create a new onetext
document
;
Ø
LMB on the keyboard layout indicator and select -English
(USA)
;
Ø
Rename the new document - ”
Inform
.txt"
.
Panel
tasks
has, as you already know, its own contextual
menu
, containing control commands. You have already worked with it when you were introduced to the concept of a context menu. Ø
Right-click on an empty space ontaskbar
;
Ø
In the context menu, selectProperties
;
Ø
Open the tabPanel
tasks
;
It contains a number checkboxes
responsible for various parameters taskbar settings. Checkboxes
, those marked with a check mark are enabled, and empty boxes indicate unused features. To check (or uncheck) a checkbox, you need to click on the square. Ø
UncheckPin
Panel
tasks
and press the buttonApply
;
Ø
Hover your mouse over the borderPanels
tasks
and when it looks like a double arrow, pull it up; Ø
Compare the result: Panel
tasks
can be located along any side screen
. Ø
Hover your mouse over the blue partpanels
tasks
and drag it to the left side of the screen like this: Ø
Returnpanel
tasks
to the original state; Ø
Check the boxPin
panel
tasks
and press the buttonApply
;
Ø
Try changing positionPanels
tasks
;
Ø
Check the box
and press the buttonApply
;
Ø
Panel
tasks
"slid" down off the screen. Ø
Move your mouse pointer to the bottom of the screen and the taskbar should pop up; Ø
UncheckAutomatically hide the taskbar
and press the buttonApply;
Ø
Uncheck
;
Ø
Open any window, e.g.My
computer
;
Ø
Expand it to full screen, it overlaps the taskbar; Ø
Close the window; Ø
Check the boxShow the taskbar on top of other windows
;
Ø
Check the execution of the command; Ø
Check all the boxes exceptAutomatically hide the taskbar
and press the buttonOK
.
Ø
Right-click onpanels
tasks
;
Ø
In the context menu, find the linePanels
tools
, it is responsible for displaying additional panels on the taskbar; Used panels are marked with check marks. Ø
Uncheck the box by clicking LMB on the lineLanguage
panel
- Withpanels
tasks
will disappearindicator
layouts
keyboards
.
Ø
RestoreLanguage
panel
in the same way; Panel Quick start
is responsible for the presence of buttons on the taskbar that provide access to certain programs. Ø
Display the taskbar panelQuick start
, if she was absent; Ø
Try using it to launch one of the programs represented by the buttons; Ø
Close the open program; Ø
Try displaying and removing additionalToolbars
onpanel
tasks
, consider their work; Ø
Leave onpanels
tasks
onlyLanguage
panel
, hide the rest. Each of the additional panels, in turn, has its own settings, accessible through the context menu. Let's look at the properties Language bar
. Language bar
used to set parameters for switching keyboard layouts Ø
Right-click on the keyboard layout indicator and select the item in the context menuOptions
;
In the dropdown list Default input language
You can set the default language after you turn on (or restart) your computer. Button Options
Keyboard lets you select keyboard shortcuts to switch between keyboard layouts. Ø
Click the buttonOptions
keyboards
, determine which keyboard shortcut is used to switch between languages; Ø
Try switching the keyboard layout using the specified key combination, remember that they must be pressed simultaneously; Ø
Click the buttonCancel
.
Let's look at other window options
. Button Add
allows you to enter additional keyboard layouts in addition to the traditional ones - English and Russian. Ø
Click the buttonAdd
, select -Finnish,
then click -OK
;
Ø
Click the buttonApply
in the windowLanguages and services text input
;
Ø
Please note in the listDefault input language
addedFinnish
;
Ø
Click LMB onindicator
layouts
keyboards
and check the appearance of a third language in the list; For the new language used, we will install an additional keyboard shortcut. Ø
Click the buttonOptions
keyboards; Ø
Select a line from the listSwitching
on
Finnish
-
Finnish
and press the buttonChanging keyboard shortcuts
;
Ø
Set the option -Use
keyboard shortcut
;
Ø
In the dropdown listKey
select -3
, pressOK
;
Ø
Set keyboard shortcuts for languages in the same wayRussian
-
Alt+Shift+1
, AndEnglish
-
Alt+Shift+2
;
Ø
Try changing keyboard layouts using the entered keyboard shortcuts; Ø
Make sure that the old combination of switching between languages also works; Ø
Cancel keyboard shortcuts for Russian and English languages, to do this, go back to the windowLanguages and text input services,
click the buttonKeyboard options;
Ø
Select the desired language in the list and in the windowChanging keyboard shortcuts
uncheck- Use a keyboard shortcut,
clickOK;
In the windowText input languages and services
select in the list of languagesFinnish
and press the buttonDelete
, and then the button -OK
;
Ø
Check that only two languages are used using the display panel.
Computer software A computer is a universal device for processing information. However, the computer itself does not have knowledge in any of the areas of its application; all this knowledge is concentrated in the programs executed on the computer. For efficient work on a computer you need to know the purpose and properties of computer programs. Programs running on a computer are usually divided into three categories: System programs.
This is a class of programs that organize and control the operation of the computer as a whole. These include operating room
system
, various drivers
And utilities
,
programs
reference
systems
And antivirus
programs. Application programs or applications.
These programs ensure that the user can perform the work necessary on the computer: editing texts, creating graphic images, processing various types of information. Instrumentation systems.
Programming systems are designed to create new software. Programmers work with them. operating system
ensures the proper functioning of all computer devices and provides the user with access to its resources. Modern operating systems have a very complex structure, each element of which performs specific functions to control the computer. This program loads first when you turn on your computer and checks the functionality of all devices. The operating system organizes the user's dialogue with the computer, manages its resources (memory, disk space, etc.), and launches application programs. Operating systems have come a long way. Currently, the most popular are different versions of the operating system. Windows
, freely distributed OS Linux
, versions MacOS
, used on the company's personal computers Apple
. Ø
Select from the icon context menuMy computer
paragraphProperties
;
Ø
On the tabAre common
dialog box that opensProperties
systems
determine the type of installedoperating room
systems
.
Drivers
- programs responsible for expanding the capabilities of the computer, as well as for connecting new devices to the computer. Any device - Printer
,
scanner
,
Fax
-modem
etc. have their own programs
-drivers
, included on disk when purchasing the device itself. Ø
Consider the list of programs located inMain
menu
:
Start - Programs - Accessories - System Tools
.
These are mainly programs for maintaining disks and streamlining work on a computer; you will become familiar with their work in the next section of this manual. With application programs from the package Standard
you have already worked. This - Notebook
,
Paint
,
Calculator, Explorer
. Software package Standard
installed on your computer at the same time as operating room
system
Windows
and is present on any computer running this program. Computer protection There are two main groups of factors that pose a danger to computer operation: ·
Misuse (or deliberate malicious actions of the user);
·
Computer viruses.
For normal functioning of the computer, it is necessary to regularly (at least once a month) carry out preventive maintenance work on the computer’s disk space. For this you can use Special
programs
included in Standard
programs that come with OS Windows XP
. Program cleaning
disk
helps clear space hard
disk The user of such a complex operating system as Windows
does not always understand the importance of each file on the computer. Sometimes Windows
uses files for certain actions and then puts them in a folder for temporary
files
. Your computer may already have previously installed Components
Windows
, which are no longer used. By various reasons, for example due to lack free space hard drive, you may need to delete some files from the drive or liberation
disk
space
by other means, if this can be done without damaging the programs. Ø
Run the program disk cleanup :
Start - Programs - Accessories - System Tools - Disk Cleanup
;
Ø
Click the buttonOK
;
Ø
Wait for this operation to complete; Ø
Ifvolume
released
space
exceeds at least100 KB
, press the buttonOK
;
The disks are cleaned sequentially; to check the next disk, you must re-enter the program and select it in the drop-down list Discs
. To detect file system errors Ø
Open the windowMy computer
yuter and selectlocal disk
D; Ø
On the menuFile
or incontextual
menu
select teamProperties
;
Ø
On the tabAre common
definevolume
free
space
on disk; Ø
On the tabService
in GroupExamination
disk
click the buttonExecute
check
;
Ø
In GroupOptions
checks
disk
check the boxCheck and restore damaged sects
ra, press the buttonLaunch
.
Program defragmentation
unites fragmented Ø
Run Disk Defragmenter:Start - Programs - Accessories - System Tools - Defragmentation
disk
;
Ø
Click the buttonAnalysis
;
After execution Analysis
the computer will display a dialog box containing information about the need for verification or that it does not need to be performed. The decision to carry out defragmentation in computer class must be taken together with the teacher, as this is a long process. In the modern computerized world, protection against unauthorized entry into the computer and network plays an important role using viruses
. To prevent virus infection, follow these guidelines: ·
Try to learn as much as possible about viruses and how they spread. A virus can be accidentally introduced into a network by running a program obtained from Internet
or as an attachment to an email message. ·
The most common signs of a virus infection are: unusual messages appear on the screen, system performance decreases, some data is missing, or you cannot access hard drive. If similar problems occur on your computer, immediately run antivirus
program
to reduce the chance of data loss. ·
Programs on floppy disks may also contain viruses. Check all floppy disks for viruses before you copy or open the files they contain or boot your computer from them. ·
You must purchase at least one antivirus program and use it regularly to scan your computers. Since new viruses are created every day, try to keep your antivirus program's file libraries up to date. Currently, there are a large number of antivirus programs (for example, Dr. Web, Anti-Virus, Node, Kaspersky
etc.), the operating principle of which is based on checking files, boot
sectors
disks
and searching them for famous and unknown to the program viruses. Ø
Determine (with the help of your teacher) what anti-virus program is installed on this computer and run it; Ø
Exploreinterface
this program; Ø
Checkfloppy disks
orFlash cards
.
Get information about your computer All the necessary reference information is already contained on your home computer. Ø
To access the help system, select the commandMain menu: Start - Help and Support
.
Let's consider possible search methods necessary information in the help system. All lines representing sections on the main page are hyperlinks
, i.e. clicking LMB on a line takes you to the corresponding section. Let's try to find information about technical specifications computer using hyperlinks. Ø
Select from the list on the left -Windows Basics
;
Ø
Then -Search for information
;
A section has opened on the right side of the window "About this computer"
, all lines of which are also hyperlinks
. Ø
Browse sequentiallygeneral information about the system
, then information aboutcondition
equipment
Andsoftware
.
You can also search for information using the field Search
at the top of the window Help and Support Center
. Let's find and save it in the form separate file connection information digital
cameras
. Ø
Click LMB to place the text cursor in the fieldSearch
and enter the word "camera
»;
Ø
Click the buttonTo start searching
(green button with a white arrow to the left of the field); Ø
In the list on the left, click LMB on the lineInstalling a scanner or digital camera
;
Instructions for connecting the device appear on the right. Let's save it as a separate file, using your ability to work with the clipboard. Ø
Using the drag-and-drop method, highlight the entire text of the instructions, as shown in the example; Ø
Right-click on the selected text and selectcontextual
menu
team -Copy
;
Ø
CloseCenter
help and support or
roll it uppanel
tasks
;
Ø
Open your folder, find the fileInform.txt
;
Ø
Open it by double-clicking, then select the command from the menu barEdit
-
Insert
;
Ø
Close the file and save your changes.
