Technology Wiktionary. Modern pedagogical technologies. Dictionary of economic terms

Coursework

Computer science, cybernetics and programming

It is no longer interesting to post information on the Internet without knowing whether anyone needs it. It is much more interesting to create a collective information space that is subject to discussion, criticism and modification. This became possible thanks to Wiki technologies. This paper will examine the Internet technology Wiki, with which it is possible to build a Web site that allows users to directly participate in editing its content - correcting errors, adding new materials without the need to use special programs, registration on the server and knowledge of HTML.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF RUSSIA

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution

higher vocational education

"Borisoglebsk State Pedagogical Institute"

Faculty of Physics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences Education

Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science,

WIKI TECHNOLOGY

Course work in computer science

Direction of training: 050100.62 Pedagogical education

Training profile: Computer science and information technologies in education

Student:

Muratov Naim Sergeevich

Supervisor:

Associate Professor, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science,

physics and methods of teaching them

Volkov Vladimir Viktorovich

Borisoglebsk 2014

Maintaining……………….………………………….... ………………………...3

1. Story…………….…………………………... ………………..……...4
2. Wiki -technologies….…………………………… ……………..………...5
3. Main characteristics................................................ ................5
4. Wiki device ………………...………… . ……………………....7
5. Pros of Wiki ……………………………… .. ……...………………. 10
6. Wiki issues ……………...………… ….. …………………..….1 1
7. Wiki -technology in education…………………………………… ..1 2
8. Technology capabilities Wiki in pedagogical practice......16
9. Objectives of the educational process……………………………………..17
10. Disadvantages of use Wiki in education………………18

Conclusion………………………………………………………………..............19

References………………………………………………………20

INTRODUCTION

Implementation information technologies in the field of education is growing at an increasing pace. IN last years in Russia, large projects have been implemented to support the processes of informatization of education: all educational institutions are connected to the Internet, large federal and regional repositories of high-quality electronic educational content have been created, a network of federal educational portals has appeared on the Internet big number commercial and non-profit educational projects, electronic libraries are actively developing. IN Russian education There are massive positive changes in relation to the use of ICT in the educational process.

It is no longer interesting to post information on the Internet without knowing whether anyone needs it. It is much more interesting to create a collective information space that is subject to discussion, criticism and modification. This became possible thanks to Wiki technologies.

This work will discuss Internet technology Wiki , with the help of which it is possible to build a Web site, allowing users to directly participate in editing its content correcting errors, adding new materials without the need to use special programs, register on the server and know HTML.

Purpose work is to explore possibilities Wiki - technologies, identifying the relevance of use Wiki - technologies in the educational process.

To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

1. define the concept, study the development, main characteristics Wiki technologies;
2. characterize the possibilities Wiki - technologies in education.
3. STORY

Wiki is a collection of interconnected records. The first wiki was developed in 1994 and first appeared on the Internet in 1995. First Wiki The site was the Portland Sample Repository, created by Ward Cunningham, where code fragments were collected.

In 1999, the Everything2 web project appeared, which made it possible for any visitor to participate in the creation of a collection of all kinds of information.

The progenitor of Wikipedia is considered to be Nupedia encyclopedia project on English language, implementing the principles of freedom of information. Nupedia articles were written by scientists and people from the academic environment: Lawrence Sanger editor-in-chief and organizer of the project, Jimmy Wales executive director of the company Bomis, which financed the project.

Wiki technology became famous after the Russian-language version of Nupedia was launched in 2001 Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia, free and open.

Initially, the creator of the technology called this application an environment for fast hypertext interaction. Later the term took root as a name WikiWiki , which means "quickly-quickly" in Hawaiian. When using this technology, a person may not care about using language commands hypertext markup. The text of any page in the collection is interpreted by the program as hypertext.

Wiki technology was originally created as an open source software, on its basis, those who wish can build their own community easily and quickly.

2000s development Wiki - technologies in the field of creating educational encyclopedias of leading Russian universities.

Nowadays it has become widespread using Wiki -technology as a mechanism for implementing collective projects.

1. WIKI TECHNOLOGY
2. Main characteristics

Wiki this is a technology for building a website, with the help of which the user himself, through the web interface, is actively involved in the process of editing content and adding new material. Wiki technologies do not require the use of special programs, registration or knowledge of HTML. The information presented on Wiki has a non-linear structure. Each page usually contains a large number of hyperlinks to other pages.

Today Wiki -technology is used to create reference books, knowledge bases, etc. Modern Wiki engines allow you to work not only with texts, but also with spreadsheets, calendars, image galleries, files, etc. Using Wiki -technologies can also be used to build mapping services.

Wiki is designed to solve the following problems:

1. give every visitor the opportunity to participate in content development;
2. participate not only as a commentator, but also as a full-fledged author and editor.

Fundamental principle Wiki is that any visitor can add anything to the site using a regular web browser. Each Wiki -the page contains an “edit” link. When you click on it, the same page is displayed on the screen, but presented in the form of flat text. After editing the information, the user presses the “save” button, which leads to its conversion to HTML, and the updated one appears on the screen Wiki -page. Thus, any user can make changes to the shared information resource, replacing it with new versions. At the same time, old versions are saved, which allows you to rollback to any depth in the future.

Characteristic features Wiki -technologies are:

1. a large number of authors;
2. the ability to edit text multiple times without using special programming languages;
3. the appearance of changes immediately after they are made;
4. dividing information into pages, each with its own name;
5. the ability to post photos and upload files;
6. accounting for text changes and the ability to roll back to an earlier version.

If a user intentionally seeks to harm other users Wiki site, it is possible to prohibit it from editing articles.

1. Wiki device

Wiki is a collection of interconnected records. The text of any page itself is interpreted by the program as hypertext. HypertextAny text that contains one or more links to other fragments is called.

Wiki pages are linked together using a simple addressing system. Such simplicity requires the introduction of certain rules. In order for this feature to be supported, it is necessary to have unambiguous templates. Wiki Templates special pages whose contents can be inserted into other pages. Changes to the template are reflected on all pages in which they are embedded. Templates allow you to create designs and reuse them on pages. Sample about regular Wiki -page and it can also be edited by any author. The template is inserted as follows:

((Template name)).

When the page is displayed, the contents of the page "Template:Template Name" will be placed at the specified location. If it does not exist yet, the mark will be displayed as a link to a non-existent template article. You can use any page as a template. If the "Template Name" article is in the main namespace, or the article name is preceded by a colon (meaning a reference to the main namespace), then the link will not automatically go to the "Template:" namespace. If you call up a picture or category this way, the descriptive part of the picture and category will be substituted, respectively).

Wiki a system that supports simple and affordable way creating hypertext and provoking its individual or collective writing. When creating hypertext, the writer or group of writers is not distracted by HTML -coding and establishing connections between various parts text.

Wiki technology was originally created as open source software and currently there are a large number of its clones and sites on the network.

Different Wiki clones may be structured differently and may use different rules. For example, in the classic version of Wiki, the following expression was used as a search template:

«+(+)+»;

which translated from regular expression language into Russian means: “Required latin letter in upper case, followed by the required one lower case Latin letter or number plus another and as many more such letters and numbers followed by (mandatory upper case Latin letter, followed by the required one lower case letter or number and any number of such letters and numbers). The combination of characters highlighted in italics in the previous sentence and placed in brackets can be repeated as many times as desired.”

In human language the rule does not look very euphonious, but for the program it is quite understandable. For example, the words WikiWiki, FireFox or SourceForge in the first Wikis were correct, but MSOffice was incorrect.

Modern programs Wiki most often understand Russian and you can already talk to it using Russian Wiki Words. Using Russian-speaking Wiki , it should be remembered that Russian nouns are much more variable than English ones and this creates additional features for the program to misinterpret a person's intentions. You may inadvertently enter new words, which the program will regard as Wiki Words. In this case, no error messages will be issued. The program will simply offer you to explain the content of the new Wiki Words In order to make a reference to an existing or new concept, it is enough to simply use in the text Wiki A word written according to this rule.

External reference is created when you enclose a word or multiple words of a link within single square brackets. In this case, the address to which the link will send the reader must be written before the word - .

Wiki follows a different ideology for creating new pages than what we are used to when building websites. Classic rules of good manners when tying up hypertext pages require that a page be created first, and only then a link be made to that page. In Wiki, such pre-creation of pages is simply not possible. It is impossible to first create a new page and then attach it to the text. Every new definition is first introduced and then explained. For example, we can introduce a new term in the text. After saving this text, we get a page on which, in front of the unknown for Wiki In short, the word will be highlighted in red. A red link indicates that the page that explains the definition does not yet exist.

1. 
   Pros of Wiki:

Creating an effective educational information environment based on Wiki technologies allows:

Distinctive feature network Web 2.0 communications is a single space of objects of discussion and the discussion itself. Web 2.0 second generation of network services operating in Internet e. Unlike the first generation of services, Web 2.0 allows users to work together with services, exchange information, and also work with mass publications (based on web applications of social services).

Communication between participants is directly related to the design of educational material. Moreover, every statement becomes an object that can be included in design. Text, drawing, diagram, video, link are saved and given a permanent address. At any time you can go back and look at the actions that a person performed in the past. In this way, the learning community has the opportunity to track individual and group behavior histories. This is extremely important for the formation of long-term relationships; all members of online communities can observe each other’s activities. Within the Wiki, teachers can view and edit all existing pages, find common topics, and show students where partners are going and how to interact with them.

1. Wiki issues

In addition to the above “advantages”, Wiki as a technology has a number of problematic issues:

1. duplication of information. In the knowledge base that grows within the project, sooner or later there are internal intersections - one, two, three paragraphs are repeated on different pages, links to resources can be duplicated in different sections. As a result, before changing anything, fixing a broken link or adding a paragraph, you need to check the entire system for repetitions and duplicates that need to be removed;
2. impossibility of structuring. The lack of a hierarchy of hyperlinks located on a Wiki site leads to wasted time during searches necessary information. You can endlessly follow unstructured links located on pages, and, as a result, “lose” the page you started with;
3. unreliability of information. Unreliability of information, subjectivity of its coverage, not enough effective work project participants these indicators directly depend on the competence of users taking part in filling the site;
4. vandalism. Wiki technology allows site pages to be edited by almost any visitor, relying on their integrity. But cases of vandalism on Wiki sites cannot be excluded sabotage adding, deleting or changing content, committed deliberately in order to compromise the reliability and authority of the site. Basically, vandalism manifests itself in replacing the content of quality articles with curses, graffiti, deliberately false information, or other content that is completely unrelated to the topic of the article. Damage to the site can be easily corrected through a “rollback” current version articles to any of the previous states, and the author who caused the damage should be deprived of the rights to edit the site.
5. 
   Wiki -TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION

Creating an effective educational information environment based on Wiki technology allows:

1. carry out effective information interaction;
2. provide access to information resources to all participants in the educational process;
3. organize effective management and pedagogical supervision;
4. form online communities students who are characterized by: intensive exchange of knowledge, high motivation in learning new things, mutual support, exchange of experience, self-organization.

Quite a lot of educational portals have been developed based on Wiki technology, the most famous and widely used are shown in the table:

Today in Russia there are the following regional training sites using technology Wiki:

1. Wiki Irkutsk Wiki East Siberian Academy of Education -a community of students, students and teachers open to communication
   and collaboration, created within the framework of the Axis project»
2. SarViki (Saratov) Wiki on the server of the Saratov IPKiPRO. This was the first wiki in Russia in which teachers from Saratov, Nizhny Novgorod and Pskov together, in interregional cooperation, experimented with finding forms for organizing the educational activities of schoolchildren while teaching them to work in a new environment
3. Pskoviki (Pskov) The main directions of the project: WikiSchool, WikiNews, WikiStorage, WikiLaughter, etc. In the WikiSchool section it is planned to post information about projects, distance learning, methods of teaching various school subjects. Here are materials useful for both teachers and students– elective courses, exam preparation, links to useful resources and etc.
4. TolWiki (Tolyatti) Wiki based on the Information Technology Center of the city of Togliatti, virtual folk chronicle “Togliatti from A to Z”
5. Wiki-Vladimir (Vladimir) p ortal of project activities of teachers and schoolchildren of the Vladimir region
6. ENE experimental scientific encyclopedia (Shatura)The project operates on the basis of the Institute of Problems of Laser and Information Technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPLIT RAS) in collaboration with the education department of the Shatursky district of the Moscow region.
7. StavViki (Stavropol) Wiki -site maintained by employees of the Stavropol Regional Institute for Advanced Training of Education Workers.
8. KuzViki (Kuzbass Wiki, Kemerovo region) – the page is intended for organizing full-time and distance learning using distance learning educational technologies, holding conferences, trainings, information support and organizing competitions, carrying out projects by teachers of the Kemerovo region; mastering new forms of network interaction.
9. MethodWiki “Summer Camp” – This is a resource for children's camp counselors.
10. NovoViki, Novosibirsk city– a unified educational environment for teachers, methodologists and schoolchildren of Novosibirsk and the Novosibirsk region, where everyone can talk about their work, post materials for network projects, conduct seminars, trainings, master classes or conferences, and take part in competitions.

Every regional training site I reviewed that uses Wiki -technology contains a system of “navigation”, “search”, “tools”. Every Wiki -the site is a single educational environment, where everyone can talk about their work, post materials for network projects, conduct seminars, trainings, master classes, take part in competitions for Wiki -sites provide materials useful for both teachers, teachers, schoolchildren and students, elective courses, preparation for exams, links to useful resources and other information.

1. 
   Technology capabilities Wiki in teaching practice

The capabilities of Wiki technology can be used in teaching practice different ways :

1. representation, expansion and annotation educational materials. Each article within the Wiki is associated with a talk page, which can be considered an additional or flip side to the article. On this back side, all interested participants can leave their comments and lead the discussion. The electronic version of the presentation of educational materials gives students the opportunity to trace connections between texts. The backlink system allows you to track which materials refer to a given author;
2. joint creation of virtual local history and environmental excursions by schoolchildren and students;
3. collective creation of creative works fairy tales, poems, essays;
4. collective creation of teacher, student and school encyclopedias.
5. 
   Objectives of the educational process

We list the tasks of the educational process in which Wiki technology can be especially useful:

1. updating information when it is necessary to find data in repositories, translate information into the form of digital objects and make these digital objects available for further use. The Wiki environment most consistently embodies the idea of ​​collective editing and sharing digital resources;
2. expansion of messages when you need to enrich lecture materials with photographs, audio recordings and video clips, combine them within one story various points vision, various scientific approaches;
3. regional context of learning, when it is necessary to show the connection of knowledge and events with the place where the events occur, with the historical context of learning;
4. the collaborative nature of knowledge and learning, when we strive to include collective creativity, critical thinking, tolerance and understanding of the relativity of any knowledge in the educational process.

It is advisable to use Wiki technologies in the academic educational process, in scientific research, since they give greater freedom to both students and teachers, allowing the former to significantly expand the possibilities of independent study, and the latter to use creative approaches to learning. The possibilities for using Wiki in education are not limited, but the most effective would be to use of this service in the classroom as a means of creating student collective creative projects within the group, as well as projects with students from other groups. When creating joint educational projects, students do not just share information with partners, but work on a project and achieve a specific goal.

1. 
   Disadvantages of use Wiki in education

In addition to those indicated positive aspects use Wiki -technology in education, there are also disadvantages of its use in education:

1. the need for special training for teachers and students to use the services. For a resource to function, it needs to be configured, and although Wiki engines are one of the most simple systems management, when working with them, certain skills are still required;
2. the problem of trust in information not all participants in the educational process are bona fide users, so the information needs to be double-checked;
3. difficulty expressing emotions through a text communication channel;
4. privacy issues;
5. psychological problems of Internet communication: Internet addiction, online aggression, etc.;
6. intellectual property and copyright.

CONCLUSION

From my research, it has been revealed that Wiki -technology allows:

1. create effective educational information environment;
2. provide access to information resources to all participants in the educational process;
3. carry out effective information interaction;
4. organize effective management and pedagogical supervision;
5. to form network communities, which are characterized by: intensive exchange of knowledge, high motivation to learn new things, mutual support, exchange of experience, self-organization.

In the educational process Wiki -technology is used as an effective means for organizing teaching activities and as an element of distance learning training course, collective creation of creative works fairy tales, poems, essays; collective creation of teacher, student and school encyclopedias; co-creation online reviews or reviews of student and pedagogical works; publication of materials necessary for organizing student project activities; dissemination of information, exchange of information between students and teachers.

Bibliography

1. Bykhovsky Ya. S., Yastrebtseva E. N. Creation of an educational hypertext encyclopedia in the WikiWiki environment: All-Russian project Chronicles ruhttp://docs.podelise.ru/docs/index-4945.html?page=406/24/2014. Exit from screen
2. WikiWiki [Electronic resource]. Access mode: http://letopisi.org 06.24.2014. Cap. from the screen.
3. Wikipedia [Electronic resource]. Access mode: http HYPERLINK "http://wikipedia.org/"://wikipedia.org 06/24/2014. Cap. from the screen.
4. Wiki-wiki environment of collective activity [Electronic resource]. Access mode:http://ipk.68edu.ru/consult/oir/464-oir.html 06/15/2014. Cap. from the screen.
5. Wiki technology and its use in education. (Vojvodina)[Electronic resource]. Access mode: http://wiki.uspi.ru/index.php 06/17/2014. Cap. from the screen.
6. Gladun A. Wiki technologies / Gladun A., Rogushina Yu. // – Telecom. Communications and Networks, 2008, p. 58.
7. Patarakin E.D. Social services Web 2.0 to help the teacher / E.D. Patarakin // 2nd edition, corrected and expanded / Moscow, 2007, p. 51
8. Web 2.0 services in education and training / The main advantages of using Wiki in education [Electronic resource]. Access mode: http://ru.wikibooks.org 06/15/2014. Cap. from the screen.
9. Wiki technologies and site capabilities[Electronic resource]. Access mode: http HYPERLINK "http://wiki.vspu.ru/wiki/wiki"://wiki.vspu.ru/wiki/wiki 06/15/2014. Cap. from the screen.

On this moment Almost every person at home has a computer, and almost everyone has the Internet. A network containing millions of Web pages with a large amount of information. Previously, such pages could only be created by one person, the developer. And the people who used these pages were only consumers. But Wiki technology has recently appeared. Technology that allows other users not only to take for themselves new information, but also make your own amendments on these pages.

Many websites that exist today use Wiki technology. For example, the most famous site based on this technology is Wikipedia. Widely used online encyclopedia. On this site, people all over the world can add their notes, amendments, create their own useful and interesting pages, and of course gain new knowledge for themselves. This site is used by many people of different statuses and ages: schoolchildren in their essays, students in their research papers.

Wiki technology is used in many professions: doctors, teachers, engineers and many others.

A page on medicine based on Wiki technology has already been created. Thanks to this site, a person will gain information on treatment for any disease, applicants to a medical institution will gain additional knowledge that goes beyond the scope of training, doctors from different parts of the world can share their knowledge and experience.

Or Wiki services allow journalists to create internal sites, exchange information with colleagues and audiences, and collectively work on joint projects and individual texts. And all this in real time, without wasting precious minutes on calls and endless emails.

That's why Wiki pages are convenient.

It’s good that they came up with such a useful thing, and that’s why we want to study it better, namely, study the history and concept of a Wiki page and, of course, try to make a small contribution to the development of Wikipedia ourselves.

Goal of the work:

1. Master the technology of creating Wiki pages.

1. Define Wiki technology.

2. Study the history of the emergence of Wiki technology.

3. Find the most common Wiki portals.

4. Consider the technical basis of Wikipedia.

5. Create your own Wiki page.

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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RF

FEDERAL STATE BUDGET

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER

EDUCATION "MORDOVIAN STATE

PEDAGOGICAL INSTITUTE

NAMED AFTER M.E. EVSEVIEV"

Faculty of Physics and Mathematics

Department of Informatics and Computer Science

Essay

Wiki technology. Algorithm for creating a wiki page

Teacher: T.V. Kormilitsyn

Saransk 2017

1. Definition of Wiki technology

5.2. Algorithm for creating a Wiki page

5.2.3. Create an article

5.2.4. Start the article correctly

5.2.5. Heading styling

5.2.6. Quotes

5.2.7. Footnotes

5.2.8. Lists

5.2.9. Templates

5.2.10. Template card

5.2.14. Writing an article

Conclusion

Introduction

At the moment, almost every person at home has a computer, and almost everyone has the Internet. A network containing millions of Web pages with a large amount of information. Previously, such pages could only be created by one person, the developer. And the people who used these pages were only consumers. But Wiki technology has recently appeared. Technology that allows other users not only to take new information for themselves, but also to make their own amendments on these pages.

Many websites that exist today use Wiki technology. For example, the most famous site based on this technology is Wikipedia. Widely used online encyclopedia. On this site, people all over the world can add their notes, amendments, create their own useful and interesting pages, and of course gain new knowledge for themselves. This site is used by many people of different statuses and ages: schoolchildren in their essays, students in their research papers.

Wiki technology is used in many professions: doctors, teachers, engineers and many others.

A page on medicine based on Wiki technology has already been created. Thanks to this site, a person will gain information on treatment for any disease, applicants to a medical institution will gain additional knowledge that goes beyond the scope of training, doctors from different parts of the world can share their knowledge and experience.

Or Wiki services allow journalists to create internal sites, exchange information with colleagues and audiences, and collectively work on joint projects and individual texts. And all this in real time, without wasting precious minutes on calls and endless emails.

That's why Wiki pages are convenient.

It’s good that they came up with such a useful thing, and that’s why we want to study it better, namely, study the history and concept of a Wiki page and, of course, try to make a small contribution to the development of Wikipedia ourselves.

Goal of the work:

1. Master the technology of creating Wiki pages.

Tasks:

1. Define Wiki technology.

2. Study the history of the emergence of Wiki technology.

3. Find the most common Wiki portals.

4. Consider the technical basis of Wikipedia.

5. Create your own Wiki page.

Let's consider various definitions dictionaries.

In popular dictionaries (Ozhegov, Ushakov, Dahl) there was no definition of Wiki technology. After all, Wiki technology appeared relatively recently, namely in 1995.

Then let's look at more modern dictionaries.

Wiki technology usually has two properties:

1. Anyone can edit Wiki pages, and anyone can undo edits.

2. Creating new Wiki pages is quite simple because no knowledge or use of HTML is required

(There are exceptions to both rules) - This is the definition given to us by Oddmuse.org.

Wiki (English wiki) is a technology on the basis of which a website is created, the structure and content of which users can independently change using the tools provided by the site itself. Text formatting and pasting various objects produced using Wiki markup. Wikipedia and other projects of the Wikimedia Foundation are built on the basis of this technology. - Wikipedia gives us this definition.

Wiki is a technology for creating websites that are ideal for creating a knowledge base, technical assignments and preparation of various documents on which several users work together. -This is the definition given to us by wikia.com

2. History of the emergence of Wiki technology

At the end 1980s Ward Cunningham (American programmer, one of the pioneers in the fieldpatterns And extreme programming) started developing the concept of the wiki. I put it into practice for the first time in the middle1990s On March 25, 1995, the first Portland Sample Repository site for software code running on this technology was opened, for which the firstwiki engine WikiWikiWeb.

Cunningham borrowed the word "Wiki" from the Hawaiian language meaning "quick." Cunningham originally described a wiki as "the simplest online database that might work."

Later, an English backronym was coined for this word:

What

Know

Is...

In translation we get: “I know that...”

This is understandable, Wiki was created for processing information by a large number of people.

■ Wiki offers all users to edit any page or create new pages on the Wiki site using a regular web browser without any extensions.

■ The wiki supports connections between different pages by almost intuitively creating links to other pages and displaying whether those pages exist or not.

■ A wiki is not a carefully crafted site for casual visitors. Instead, a wiki seeks to engage visitors in a continuous process of creation and collaboration that constantly changes the appearance of the site.

The creation of this Wiki page has taken a big step in development.

3. The most common Wiki portals

Currently, there are already many sites based on Wikitechnology. The most common are:

Wikipedia and other projects of the Wikimedia corporation (Wiktionary, Wikiquote, etc.) are worldwide Internet encyclopedias.

“Lurkomorye” - unlike Wikipedia, which describes everything, this encyclopedia modern culture, folklore and subcultures

"Wikilab" - invites researchers to unite to conduct joint scientific activity directly on the site

“Russian Writer” - about Russian-speaking poets, writers, their works and translations from the past to the present.

“Rodovod” is an open family tree.

“Wikipedia is a free, publicly accessible, multilingual universal Internet encyclopedia. May be useful to a wide range of readers - from schoolchildren to doctors of science.” This site itself gives us this definition.

At the moment, this is the most widespread Internet encyclopedia based on Wiki technology. Everyone who has the Internet knows about this encyclopedia. It is based on the fact that anyone can contribute to this site. In principle, every Internet user can create and edit Wikipedia articles, and in the vast majority of cases, even without registering on the encyclopedia website. All changes made by such volunteers to any article in this encyclopedia immediately become visible to all visitors to the site.

Wikipedia is created by volunteers from all over the world in 282 world languages. It contains more than 20 million articles.

Few people know that in addition to performing the function of an encyclopedic reference book, Wikipedia has become the main object of media attention as network source the latest news due to the fact that the information in the articles is constantly updated.

Several language versions have published a selection of Wikipedia articles in the version on optical disks. And in 2009, artist Rob Matthews printed out 5,000 pages of selected articles from the English section of Wikipedia and bound them into a hardcover book. As he wrote in the explanation for his project: “Reproducing Wikipedia in a degraded physical form makes it easier to question the wisdom of its use.”

4. Technical basis of Wikipedia

To create a wiki environment you need specialBY - wiki engine is a set of programs used to convert wiki markup into a human-readable representation in the HTML language. This is a special typecontent management systems, quite simple in its design and functionality, because almost all actions for structuring and processing content are done manually by users.

Job Wikipedia and other sites Wikimedia Foundation (a non-profit organization that provides the material basis for a number of online communities that create freely distributed content) is based on the engineMediaWiki.

MediaWiki is one of the most full-featured wiki engines, written specifically for Wikipedia and used in many other projects of the Wikimedia Foundation, private and government organizations.

This engine provides an interface for working with a database of pages, differentiation of access rights to system administration, the ability to process text both in Wikitext’s own format and in HTML and TeX formats (for formulas), the ability to upload images and other files, as well as other features. A flexible extension system allows users to add their own new features and software interfaces.

The MediaWiki logo is a yellow flower surrounded by four square brackets. This symbolizes the markup language used, which uses square brackets to create links, which is much simpler than traditional HTML syntax.

5. Practice of implementing Wiki pages on Wikipedia

5.1. Basic concepts and terms of Wikipedia

First, let's get acquainted with the terms that we will use.

Wiki markup is a markup that allows you to easily and quickly mark up structural elements and hyperlinks in the text; format and design individual elements.

Pages are marked with tags to quickly find the desired page.

Version is one of the saved edits of the wiki page.

Current version is the latest version of the wiki page that is currently visible on the site.

5.2.1. Select a topic for an article

Our topic of the article will be: “site privetstudent.com”

5.2.2. Search to see if such an article already exists

We searched for keywords of our chosen topic using the search field. There is no separate article on this topic.

5.2.3. Create an article

When searching for such an article, Wikipedia suggests creating a page on this topic. In order to do this, you need to click on the red link. An input field will open here.

5.2.4. Start the article correctly.

The article begins by repeating the title and highlighting it in bold. To do this, use the tag: "text".

After that, we write the definition through a dash, indicating internal links on Wikipedia where possible. After all, on Wikipedia, all pages are interconnected. In order to indicate a link in Wikipedia, you must first enter the exact title of the Wikipedia article in double square brackets, and through a vertical dash the text that the user will see.

For example: [[Title of the Wikipedia article|what the user will see]]

((site card | websitename = privetstudent.com

| site logo = [[File:Logo privetstudent.png|200px|Logo of the site privetstudent.com]]

| url = [ http://privetstudent.com privatestudent.com]

| screenshot = [[File:Home page of the site privetstu-dent.com.jpeg|250px|Home page “privetstudent.com”]]

| commercial = Yes

I type = [[Educational sites (Internet)|educational sites]]

| reg = Free

| language = [[Russian|Russian]]

| date_of_launch =[]

| current status = Working and developing))

"""privetstudent.com""" - free Russian-language, replenished by registered users [[educational sites (Internet)|educational sites]], with high-quality student works.

History ==

The website privetstudent.com appeared in the fall of 2012.

Functionality ==

The site server is located in Germany. The company privetstudent.com is registered in an offshore zone in Panama.

On the website privetstudent.com, users can download a variety of student works: essays, term papers, dissertations, presentations.

After registration, the user can add his work to the public domain.

The main difference from other similar sites is the minimum of advertising.

* [ http://privetstudent.com/ Official site]

5.2.5. Heading styling

After the brief description, you need to create descriptive headings. If there are more than four headings, Wikipedia will automatically collect the content.

To create an n-level heading, the title name is framed with n equal signs. (n from 2 to 5; from 2, since the first level heading is the title of the article, is placed automatically)

For example: ==Heading 2==

5.2.6. Quotes

Sometimes you can use quotes in an article. For quotes on Wikipedia there is a special design, so to apply it the quote is framed like this:

For example: ((start of quote)) “Quote” ((end of quote|source=who said))

5.2.7. Footnotes

When citing in the Notes section, footnotes are usually included. To create a footnote, use a paired tag - , indicating the name of the source (site) between the tags. And in the “Notes” section itself, created manually, a tag is installed

For example: Source

Notes==

5.2.8. Lists

In order to create a bulleted (numbered) list, before each list item you need to enter * (#)

For example:

*Point 1 #Point 1

*Point 2 #Point 2

(To create text in italics, we frame this “text”)

5.2.9. Templates

There are some templates on Wikipedia. They can be viewed on a separate site on Wikipedia. To insert the “Educational Site” template, in the last section we write: ((Educational Sites)). At the end of the article we get the following table template:

5.2.10. Template card

In the description there is a template card:

After entering the information on the side of the page you will get:

Links must be included in the article

You also need to indicate the category in the last section. They are displayed at the bottom of the article. Wikipedia has a page with all the categories.

Wikipedia is an international encyclopedia with sections in dozens of languages. To link articles to different languages you need to create an inter-wiki (link to an article in a foreign language Wikipedia). It is displayed to the left of the article. But before that, you need to make sure that the article in a foreign language has the same topic that we are writing about.

For example: [[language code:Title of article in foreign language]]

5.2.14. Writing an article

All you have to do is click on the “Record page” button, and the article is already on the Internet. The site administrators will check it soon. If there is something wrong, they will point it out, correct it, and if the page is completely unusable, they will delete it.

Conclusion

In the course of this work, we were able to get acquainted with such a new concept as Wiki technology, consider its features, technical basis, and the most popular wiki portals were also found and studied. As a result, it was noticed that the most popular among them today is the Wikipedia portal. We were able to contribute to this knowledge repository by adding our own article to the pages of this portal.

This contribution may be small, but it is significant. After all, if each person makes his own page, then Wikipedia will expand several thousand times more.

List of used Internet resources

1. Free electronic encyclopedia Wikipedia: Quick Start Guide.

URL :http://m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Quick Guide %D 1 %81 %D 1 %82%D0%B0%D 1 %82%D 1 %8C%D 1 %8E (date of access 09.2011-04.2012)

Ushakov's Dictionary

Technology

technology, technologies, pl. No, wives(from Greek techne - art and logos - teaching). A set of sciences, information about methods of processing this or that raw material into a manufactured product, into a finished product. Metal technology. Chemical Technology. Wood technology.

| The set of processes of such processing. Simple technology.

Modern economic dictionary. 1999

TECHNOLOGY

(from Greek techne - art and logos - word, teaching)

Encyclopedia of fashion and clothing

Technology

(from Greek techne - art, skill, skill and logos - word, teaching) - a set of methods for processing, manufacturing or processing forms of raw materials, materials, semi-finished products or products (including clothing) in the production process; scientific discipline, developing and improving such techniques and methods in various industries. T. are also called the operations of processing, processing, storage, transportation, as well as descriptions of production processes, instructions for their implementation, technological rules, requirements, maps, graphs, etc.

(Terminological dictionary of clothing. Orlenko L.V., 1996)

Culturology. Dictionary-reference book

Technology

a set of methods of processing, manufacturing, changing the state, properties, shape of objects carried out in the process of producing certain products.

Forensic encyclopedia

Technology

(from Greek techne - art, skill, skill and lygos - word, teaching)

a field of scientific knowledge that identifies and studies physical, chemical, mechanical and other laws in order to determine and use in practice the most effective and economical production processes. Scientific basis of technological expertise.

Dictionary of economic terms

Technology

(from Greek techne - art and logos - word, teaching)

a method of converting matter, energy, information in the process of manufacturing products, processing and processing materials, assembling finished products, quality control, management. Technology embodies methods, techniques, mode of operation, sequence of operations and procedures; it is closely related to the means, equipment, tools, and materials used. The set of technological operations forms a technological process. Modern economic science uses the term “technology” in such combinations as “technology of teaching, educational process, treatment, management.”

Westminster Dictionary of Theological Terms

Technology

♦ (ENG technology)

(Greek technologia - systematic processing)

the introduction of techniques and processes, methods and procedures to transform the natural world into the human world in order to meet human needs and desires. In high-tech societies important place occupy moral and ethical components.

Thesaurus of Russian business vocabulary

Technology

Syn: technique

encyclopedic Dictionary

Technology

(from the Greek techne - art, skill, skill and...logy), a set of methods of processing, manufacturing, changing the state, properties, form of raw materials, materials or semi-finished products carried out in the process of production; a scientific discipline that studies physical, chemical, mechanical and other laws operating in technological processes. Technology also refers to the extraction, processing, transportation, storage, and control operations themselves, which are part of the overall production process.

The activities of individuals and organizations now increasingly depend on their knowledge, one of the most valuable resources of modern society, and the ability to use it effectively. However, the means designed to represent knowledge are still quite imperfect and often force people to look for solutions to the same problems again and again.

To optimize the search for the necessary information, various online services are being created these days. Thus, using Wiki technology in 2001, Wales and Sanger opened the Wikipedia website. Wikipedia is a multilingual, public domain, freely distributed encyclopedia published on the Internet. This "public" encyclopedia is a prime example of the rapid growth and accumulation of knowledge in the distributed environment of the Internet. It is created by the collective work of volunteer authors using Wiki technology.

Before Wikipedia, many methods of group communication were invented on the Internet: chat, web forum, blog. These technologies allow you to exchange information and somehow organize it, but none of them allows you to create a full-fledged, dynamically updated site. There are currently 253 language sections on Wikipedia.

The Ukrainian part of Wikipedia currently contains over 70 thousand articles, and the Russian part - over 250 thousand. Their growth rate is one of the highest (1000 articles per month). Obviously, not all Ukrainian- and Russian-speaking Internet users know about Wikipedia, but if you consider how many of these users are scientists and students, you can expect a significant increase in the rate of completion of these resources.

During its development, the Wikipedia project, despite concerns related to the unprofessionalism of the authors, possible vandalism, and the spontaneity of creating individual articles, made it possible to create a fairly high-quality product - a complete and objective multilingual encyclopedia, freely accessible to everyone. The success of Wikipedia demonstrated that Internet users demand reliable encyclopedic information. Therefore, the online encyclopedia project is already a serious source today reference information, knowledge, which, unlike traditional sources, has a remarkable feature - efficiency.

The success of Wikipedia has given rise to a wide variety of other necessary projects that work on similar principles and serve to create other types of educational and reference publications.

Wiki technology and its main characteristics

Wiki is a technology for building a website that allows users themselves, through a web interface, to actively participate in the process of editing its content - correcting errors, adding new materials. Wiki technology does not require the use of special programs, registration on the server, or knowledge of HTML. The term Wiki also refers to the software that is developed to create such sites.

The information presented in Wiki has a non-linear navigation structure. Each page usually contains a large number of hyperlinks to other pages. The first wiki, WikiWikiWeb, was developed in 1994 and first appeared on the Internet in 1995. The first Wiki site was the Portland Sample Repository, created by Ward Cunningham, where code fragments were collected. The largest and most famous Wiki site is Wikipedia. Today, Wiki technology is used to create reference books, knowledge bases, and develop documentation. Modern Wiki engines allow you to work not only with texts, but also with spreadsheets, calendars, image galleries, files, etc. Mapping services can also be built using the Wiki principle. Development of Wiki applications for the corporate environment has appeared (for example, Confluence, Jot, Near-Time).

Wiki is designed to solve a simple and natural problem - to give every visitor the opportunity to participate in the development of content. Participate not only as a commentator, but also as a full-fledged author and editor - along with the administration and staff of the project. To do this, two things are necessary: ​​firstly, the user must have the technical ability to make changes to the pages of the site, and secondly, this process should not require special knowledge and skills.

Wiki technology makes it possible to accumulate the knowledge of mankind, presenting it in an electronic interoperable form, to provide navigation through this knowledge base and a means of updating it. At the same time, communities of various sizes and thematic focus can use Wiki, creating knowledge bases from global Wikipedias and electronic encyclopedias of large corporations to easily updated help systems small organizations, enterprises and educational institutions. Wiki is a fairly complex system for collecting and structuring information. Its main characteristics are:

— support for multi-user work is provided;

it is possible to repeatedly edit any text using the Wiki environment itself (website);

— changes appear immediately after they are made;

— each Wiki article has its own unique name;

— the language of this markup is quite simple and does not require special knowledge;

- It is possible to return to a previous version.

Compared to CMS (Content Management Systems), Wiki technology has the following differences:

— The title of the article is also a hyperlink for external systems.

— Articles are created and edited almost at any time by any user.

— Articles available for editing are located directly in the web browser.

- Each article provides access to view and edit page history/versions, which supports searching for existing discrepancies.

— Each article gives the user access to the discussion page for that article.

Wiki provides greater user rights when editing content, no hierarchy, and freer access to information. In addition, pages created using Wiki technology provide interoperability and reuse knowledge.

Wiki engines

Wiki engines are software used to create Wiki sites. Wiki engine is a set of programs used to convert Wiki markup into a readable representation in HTML.

MediaWiki is a software mechanism for creating websites using Wiki technology, developed specifically for Wikipedia by the German student M. Manske. This is one of the most powerful Wiki engines, written specifically for Wikipedia and used in many other projects of the Wikimedia Foundation. MediaWiki is written in PHP and uses relational base data (you can use MySQL, PostgreSQL); supports memcached and Squid programs.

MediaWiki provides an interface for working with the page database, differentiation of access rights to system administration, as well as the following capabilities:

— process text both in its own format and in HTML and TeX formats (for formulas)

— upload images or other files, etc.

A flexible extension system allows users to add their own capabilities and programming interfaces. The next versions of MediaWiki continue to be developed. For example, new features included in the experimental version of MediaWiki include support for PostgreSQL and a system for approving completed and verified articles. In version 1.7.0, support for Oracle was removed due to the lack of movement in the development of this area.

There are many Wiki engines that have their own characteristics and advantages. In the table on p. 59 provides an overview of modern Wiki engines. The choice of Wiki engine depends on what set of functions and capabilities is required (version control, access restrictions, RSS feeds with information about page changes, subscription to changes to specific pages, etc.), on what platform it will be based and how all this will work, etc. First of all, you need to determine what will be used: Wiki on own server or a Wiki service provided by an external organization. Many people recommend MediaWiki for creating online encyclopedias. WackoWiki, Confluence and NPJ are often used to create knowledge bases. For personal use, WikidPad or deskDo are used. TiddlyWiki and deskDo allow you to use Wiki technologies in the absence of the Internet.

Methodology for creating articles for Wikipedia

There is a "90-9-1" theory that estimates percentage Wiki users, dividing them into three groups: 1) readers - 90%; 2) those who occasionally contribute something, 9%; and 3) those who actively work on content on the Wiki - only 1%. It's the 1% of users who do most of the work, but it's helpful for the rest of us to know how they can join this group.

The openness of the technology did not lead, as many feared, to the destruction and damage of materials: Wiki stores all the changes that have occurred to all articles since their creation, so you can compare them at any time different versions the same article, edit the page again or simply return to old version. This makes it easier to fix the damage than it is to cause it. In addition, administrators always have the opportunity to block changes to individual pages (in particular, the most controversial ones).

Wiki pages are articles whose content is plain text, where you can use HTML tags or special Wiki markup that is more convenient for text documents than HTML. Using a link or button, any visitor to a Wiki site can edit and save a modified version of the text of any existing page or create a new one. The procedure for publishing text on Wikipedia is reduced to two buttons - “Edit” and “Save”.

The rules for creating Wikipedia articles aimed at creating high-quality texts are quite simple, but several conditions must be met:

2. When writing any article, you should strive for a neutral presentation and reflect all known points of view.

3. It is necessary to indicate sources of information to confirm the accuracy of the information.

There are two types of articles that do not comply with the neutrality policy: articles that clearly conflict with the requirements of neutrality and articles that do not describe all opinions or are not detailed enough. In the first case, the article must be marked as biased (((POV))). The non-neutral part of the information in such an article is subject to correction or deletion. In the second case, the article should only be considered incomplete, no matter how impartial and detailed the information already available in it may be.

A certain part of Wikipedia articles are automatically created “blanks”. There are three types of links on Wikipedia: to existing articles, to unwritten articles, and to external web resources. In order to create a hyperlink to an article, simply when adding Wiki markup, enclose the title of the article you want to link to in double square brackets - [[Title of Article]]. If the article the link points to does not exist, the link will still be created, but its text will be red instead of the usual blue. By activating this link, you can go to the article template and write it, actually editing the template.

When any author marks a term or expression in the text as a link to a non-existent article, Wikipedia automatically generates a new template article containing the text: “The article has not been written yet, you can write it.” Authors who access this link expand the content of the “dummy”.

Almost any page on a Wiki site can be edited. In order to make changes to the article, you must:

— make the desired changes to the text of the article;

— for control purposes, view the list of edits made (the “Made edits” button);

— make sure that the edits are correct by previewing the text of the article (the “Preview” button);

— fill in the field “Briefly describe the essence of your edit” and click the “Save page” button.

Search on Wikipedia

Today there are many national Wikipedias and projects. Search this set information resources manually is quite labor intensive. Qwika is a search engine focused on processing Wiki sites. Its task is to cover all major Wikipedias in all fairly common languages, translate them and provide quick search. Currently, the system indexes the following resources:

— English-language Wikipedia and all the name areas in its composition (Chat, Image, User, etc.).

— English-language Wikipedias (machine translation of popular Wikipedias in other languages).

— Wikipedia in other languages.

— Tourism project WikiTravel.

— Cached versions of all pages in both the original language and machine translation.l

Gladun Anatoly, senior researcher, candidate technical sciences International scientific and educational


information technology center


and systems of NASU;


Rogushina Yulia, senior researcher


employee, candidate of physical and mathematical sciences of the Institute software systems NASU

Technologies are important components of modern civilization. Almost everyone understands what this is. But, oddly enough, it is quite difficult for people to formulate their knowledge correctly. Perhaps this is because few people are familiar with the exact definition.

What is technology?

Technology is a complex of engineering and scientific knowledge that was embodied in means and methods of labor, sets of material components of production, as well as the types of their combinations that are created to obtain a certain product or service. You can also find the use this term, as a set of methods for processing raw materials and materials, manufacturing products and all the processes that accompany these types of work. The most popular phrase at the moment is “ high tech" It is used to indicate execution complex type works, the final result of which will be possible to obtain an amazing result, which is based on the microcosm around us.

What are the requirements for modern technologies?

Since their inception hundreds of thousands of years ago, they have improved significantly. Previously, technology was a primitive set of actions, which can now be recreated by almost any modern person. But as time passed, they became more complicated. Nowadays, modern basic technologies put forward demands that are an order of magnitude higher.

1. Must be system integrity(completeness) of the process. It should include a set of elements that will ensure the required completion of actions, which will lead to the achievement of the goal.
2. A significant degree of division of a process into separate stages or phases of execution.
3. Regularity and unambiguity, which will allow the use of average values ​​to characterize the actions performed and carry out their unification and standardization.
4. Technology must be inextricably linked with the production process itself and displayed as a set of actions that are performed over time.
5. The entire process is carried out in special artificial systems that are created to ensure the implementation of individual needs.

Characteristics of technological processes

We have already decided what they are. What are the requirements for modern technologies, is also already known. What can you say about their specific characteristics? What they should be To do this, let’s take a look at these three points that will allow us to evaluate them “from the inside.”

1. The process must be divided into internal interconnected operations, phases and states that ensure optimal or close to optimal development dynamics. The rational limits of the requirements for personnel who will work with this technology must also be determined.
2. It is necessary to have coordination of interaction and consistent implementation of actions and operations that are aimed at obtaining the desired result. And all this should be based on the logic of the development and functioning of each specific process.
3. It is necessary to ensure that all procedures and operations provided for by the technology are unambiguously performed. This is an indispensable and determining condition for achieving the necessary results in compliance with the necessary norms and standards.

It is impossible to understand what technologies are without knowing their properties, which have already been listed above.

Technology Challenges

Why do we need these developments? What tasks does technology perform in our hands? To answer these questions, you need to know that technologies are a set of ways and means by which the control process is carried out from a wide variety of its implementations. What is defined as the goal is the task that the technology faces.

Any set of methods and means is based on the following components:

• the goal of implementation (aka task), which provides the greatest interest to other people;
• an item that is subject to technological change;
• methods and means of influencing it;
• means of technical influence on an object of interest;
• organization and orderliness of processes.

Thus, high technologies should provide us with easier and comfortable life. This is accomplished by automating complex processes and facilitating execution. various operations. But with an increase in the number of people who have access to benefits, a number of problems arise (for example, environmental ones) that require an integrated approach to finding their solution.

Implementation of technologies

This is the name for the sequence of changes in states, a set of actions or stages of work. When talking about what technology is, it is difficult to ignore the concept. It is necessary to talk about it so that there are no misunderstandings in the future. The production process is understood as a set of operations that are interconnected, as well as changes in resources that are aimed at obtaining a certain product. This is important for understanding the essence of things and correctly operating the terminological base. Those processes that have their own clear implementation schemes can be presented in the form of a small list.

1. Programmable and research technologies;
2. Chaotic and automated processes.

What are the different types of technological processes responsible for?

Let's take a closer look at what they are responsible for.

1. Automatic processes. Actions are carried out without the slightest deviation. Since such work is beyond the power of humans, but only by high-tech devices, the designation “automatic” was introduced;
2. Chaotic processes. All cause-and-effect relationships are statistical and probabilistic in nature;
3. Programmable technology. Characterized by a certain sequence processes for processing received information in accordance with given commands.
4. Vocational technology. Engaged in determining the sequence of processing of units, parts and products using a specific algorithm.
5. Scientific and technical technology. Works through issues of the sequence of processes for processing the components of a work object (which are parts, information, products, assemblies) in accordance with a given process and when using intelligent processing tools.
6. Research technology. Not completely defined. It may change throughout technological process to get the desired result. Always used intelligently

How are technologies developing and what prospects do they have?

It is impossible not to note the significant acceleration of technical progress and technology development that has occurred over the last century. The 20th century was a real breakthrough in science. Now, the most actively developing areas are those from which the greatest benefit can be derived in the near future (this follows from the characteristics of the socio-economic situation). The development of technologies that will be of significant importance in the distant future rests solely with states. This is due to the fact that their promotion requires certain financial resources, but when the result will be, and practical (read commercial) application is unknown. But despite this, the development of technology, depending on the task at hand, can be carried out by an individual interested party.

Application of technology in everyday life

You can see them at almost every step. What do farmers focus on when they grow their products? On the technology of cultivating the land, sowing it, caring for vegetation (treating with pesticides and fertilizing the land) and much more. It’s the same with industrialists - before making a car, they need to think about how the parts that make it up will be created first, and then the car itself. Even pedagogy has its own technologies - only they relate to the peculiarities of the educational process in kindergartens, schools, and universities.

The use of technology allows our society to function and develop at the pace it is now.

Conclusion

That's how different, complex and necessary they are. There are both creative technologies and technical ones - so to speak, for every taste and for every taste. To improve life, it is necessary to massively connect all people to these delights. After all, when many people know the answer to what technology is and what its role is in our lives, then in this case we can count on more fast decision our problems.