Hypertext markup language HTML. Hypertext markup language HTML
Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) - a hypertext markup language - is intended for writing hypertext documents published on the World Wide Web.
A hypertext document is a text file that has special marks, called tags, which are subsequently recognized by the browser and used by it to display the contents of the file on the computer screen.
Using these marks, you can highlight document headings, change the color, size and style of letters, and insert graphics and tables. But the main advantage of hypertext over regular text is the ability to add hyperlinks to the content of a document - special HTML language constructs that allow you to click on a mouse to view another document.
HTML document consists of two parts: the text itself, i.e. the data that makes up the contents of the document, and tags - special HTML language constructs used to mark up the document and control its display. HTML language tags determine in what form the text will be presented, which of its components will act as hypertext links, and which graphic or multimedia objects should be included in the document.
Graphic and audio information included in an HTML document is stored in separate files. HTML document viewers ( browsers) interpret markup flags and arrange text and graphics on the screen accordingly. For files containing HTML documents, the accepted extensions are .htm or .html.
In most cases, tags are used in pairs. The pair consists of an opening<имя_тега>and closingtags The action of any paired tag begins where the opening tag is encountered and ends when the corresponding closing tag is encountered. Often a pair consisting of an opening and closing tag is called container, and the part of the text bordered by the opening and closing tags is element.
The character sequence that makes up text can consist of spaces, tabs, newlines, carriage returns, letters, punctuation, numbers, and special characters (such as #, +, $, @), except for the following four characters, which have In HTML, the special meanings are (greater than), & (ampersand), and " (double quote). If you need to include any of these characters in your text, you must encode it with a special sequence of characters.
HTML Document Structure
The most important HTML tag is the tag of the same name. . It always opens the document, just like a tag must certainly appear in its last line. These tags indicate that the lines between them represent a single hypertext document. Without these tags, a browser or other viewer is unable to identify the document format and interpret it correctly.
An HTML document consists of two parts: a head and a body, arranged in the following order:
Document title Document body
Most often, a paired tag is included in the document title
Document body is a mandatory element, since it contains all the document material. The body of the document is placed between the tags
And. Everything that is placed between these tags is interpreted by the browser in accordance with the rules of the HTML language, allowing the page to be correctly displayed on the monitor screen.Text in HTML is divided into paragraphs using a tag<р>. It is placed at the beginning of each paragraph, and the viewer, when encountering it, separates paragraphs from each other with a blank line. Using a closing tagnot necessary.
If you want to “break” the text, moving the rest of it to a new line, without selecting a new paragraph, use the line break tag
. It forces the viewer to display the characters following it on a new line. Unlike the paragraph tag, the
does not add an empty line. This tag does not have a paired closing tag.
HTML language supported logical and physical formatting of document content. Logical formatting indicates the purpose of a given piece of text, while physical formatting determines its appearance.
Using logical formatting text, the browser selects different parts of the text in accordance with the structure of the document. To display the title, one of the title tags is used. Headings in a typical document are divided into levels. HTML allows you to set six levels of headings: h1 (first level heading), h2, h3, h4, h5 and h6. The first level heading is usually larger and richer than the second level heading. Example of using title tags:
l.l. Section title
Tags physical formatting directly set the appearance of the text on the browser screen, for example, a couple highlights the text in bold, sets text underlining, controls the text font.
Tag inserts an image into a document as if it were just one large character. Example of using a tag:
For creating hypertext link a couple of tags are used<а>... . A piece of text, an image, or any other object located between these tags is displayed in the browser window as a hypertext link. Activating such an object causes a new document to be loaded into the browser window or another part of the current Web page to be displayed. A hypertext link is formed using the expression:
Href is a required attribute here, the value of which is the URL of the requested resource. Quotes in specifying the value of the href attribute are optional. If a link to a document on another server is specified, then the type of hyperlink is as follows:
<а href = "http://www.school.donetsk.ua/11.jpg">Photo 11-A
Using various tags, you can draw tables, format text, insert images, video, sound files, etc. into a document.
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRAINE
SKHIDNOUKRAINIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
Named after Volodymyr Dahl
Department of Computer Science
By discipline
Computer design and multimedia
StudentBoldakova I.V.
1. Introduction
3.1 HTML editors
4. Website creation using CMS Joomla 1.5.7
Literature
1. Introduction
The World Wide Web - a global computer network today contains millions of sites that contain all kinds of information. People access this information through the use of Internet technology. To navigate the WWW, special programs are used - Web browsers, which greatly facilitate travel through the vast expanses of the WWW. All information in the Web browser is displayed in the form of Web pages.
Web pages, supporting multimedia technology, combine various types of information: text, graphics, sound, animation and video. Its success on the Internet largely depends on how well and beautifully a particular Web page is made.
The user is pleased to visit those Web pages that have a stylish design, are not burdened with excessive graphics and animation, load quickly and are correctly displayed in the Web browser window.
Creating a Web page is not easy, but probably everyone would like to try themselves as a designer. And in this case, I am no exception, which is why I chose this topic for my course work.
In my essay, I made an attempt to understand what you need to know and be able to do to create a Web page, what software is a tool for creating Web pages and how to use it effectively.
Also in this work I reviewed the basics of the Web page programming language - HTML, which is a generally accepted WWW standard. This will give us the opportunity to become familiar with the structure of a Web page and the techniques for its proper design. We will also look at creating a website using CMS Joomla.
2. Consider the hypertext markup language HTML
Web pages can exist in any format, but it is accepted as a standard Hyper Text Markup Language- a hypertext markup language designed to create formatted text rich in images, sound, animation, video clips and hypertext links to other documents.
You can work on the Web without knowing the HTML language, since HTML texts can be created by various special editors and converters. But writing directly in HTML is not difficult. It may even be easier than learning an HTML editor or converter, which are often limited in their capabilities, buggy, or produce poor HTML that doesn't work across platforms.
The HTML language comes in several flavors and continues to evolve, but HTML constructs will likely continue to be used in the future. By learning about HTML and understanding it more deeply, creating a document at the beginning of learning HTML and expanding it as much as possible, we are able to create Web pages that can be viewed by many Web browsers, both now and in the future. This does not exclude the possibility of using other methods, such as the advanced method provided by Opera, Google Chrome, Internet Explorer or other browsers.
Working with HTML is a way to learn the ins and outs of creating documents in a standardized language, using extensions only when really necessary.
HTML has been ratified by the World Wide Web Consortium. It is supported by all browsers.
Since HTML documents are written in ASCI I format, any text editor can be used to create it.
Typically an HTML document is a file with the extension .html or . htm, in which the text is marked with HTML tags (English tag - special built-in instructions). HTML defines the syntax and placement of tags according to which the browser displays the content of a Web document. The text of the tags themselves is not displayed by the Web browser.
All tags start with "<" и заканчиваются символом ">". Usually there is a pair of tags - a start (opening) and an ending (closing) tag (similar to opening and closing parentheses in mathematics), between which the markup information is placed:
Information
Here the starting tag is the tag
And the final ones -
. The ending tag differs from the starting tag only in that it has parentheses before the text<>there is a symbol " / " (slash).A browser reading an HTML document displays it in a window using the HTML tag structure. Every HTML document must have three main parts:
A) HTML declaration;
B) Header part;
C) Document body .
A) HTML declaration
And. A pair of these tags tells the viewer (browser) that there is an HTML document enclosed between them, and the first tag in the document should be the tag (at the very beginning of the document), and last -(at the very end of the document).
B) Heading part.
And. Between these tags is information about the document (title, search keywords, description, etc.). However, the most important thing is the document title, which we see in the top line of the browser window and in the "Favorites (BookMark)" lists. Special search engine spider programs use the document title to build their databases. To give a title to your HTML document, text is placed between the tags
C) The body of the document.
The third main part of the document is its body. It immediately follows the title and is located between the tags
And. The first one should be immediately after the tag, and the second one is before the tag