Characteristics of heating networks of a given area. General characteristics of heating networks

4.1.2 Heating networks. General characteristics of heating networks

The total length of single-pipe heating networks is 250.2 km with a diameter of 50 to 1000 mm (Table 19):

Right Bank thermal region – 123.9 km;

Left Bank thermal region – 126.3 km.

The heating networks of the Right Bank district are ring-shaped, with backup jumpers; the Left Bank district is dead-end, interconnected by backup jumpers. The laying of pipelines for heating networks in the Pravoberezhny district is channelless, the insulation of the reconstructed pipelines is polyurethane foam (PPU insulation), the rest is mineral wool. The laying of pipelines for heating networks in the Left Bank region is mainly above-ground. Insulation – mineral wool. Depreciation is 65.4%

Heat supply systems are closed.

The method of regulating the supply of thermal energy in boiler houses is central qualitative, according to the temperature schedule for regulating the supply of thermal energy: boiler houses of the Right Bank region - 130/70 0 C, boiler houses of the Left Bank region - 95/70 0 C.

The power of the heat sources in the Pravoberezhny district and the diameters of the main heating networks correspond to the connected loads.

It is planned to connect consumers, whose heat supply is currently provided from the Arochnik boiler house, to the heating networks from the integrated boiler house.

Table 19

Length of the enterprise's heating networks

Share of networks replaced annually for the period 1997-2009. amounted to 32.2% of the total length, in 2009 1.1% (Fig. 5). The total length of heating networks after reconstruction was 26.9 km.

Figure 5. Replacement of heating networks with pipes in polyurethane foam insulation in the Right Bank part of the city of Kogalym (in single-pipe design)

The length of heat and steam networks in two-pipe terms in the city of Kogalym in 2009 was 125.1 km, with 30% of the networks in need of replacement. During 2003-2007 There is an increase in heat and steam networks in need of replacement (by 42%).

Technological losses during the transfer of thermal energy for 2010 were approved by order of the Ministry of Industry and Energy of Russia dated August 26, 2009 No. 383 in the amount of 93.955 thousand Gcal.

Problems:

corrosion of underground pipelines;

technological failures during transportation due to gusts - the number of gusts in 2009 - 278 units;

wear and tear of heating networks – 65%.

Required activities:

reconstruction of intra-block heating networks;

installation of AITP.

Expected effect from the implementation of activities:

regulation of indoor air temperature during hours of absence of people - weekends, night time (for administrative and industrial buildings) - 10–30% savings;

removal of forced “overheating” in off-season periods (for all types of buildings) - 30–40% savings in off-season periods and up to 2–6% in annual heat consumption;

eliminating the influence of inertia of the heating network on heat loss - 3÷5% of total heat consumption;

taking into account household heat emissions when controlling the heating temperature - saving up to 7% of total heat consumption;

the possibility of a normalized reduction in heating load during hours of maximum load on hot water supply - 1–3% savings;

reduction of technological impulses during the implementation period (2009-2015) annually by 15-25% (by 10-20 units);

complete elimination of technological gaps based on the results of the implementation of the Program activities.

4.1.3 Consumers

The main consumer groups are the population, industrial and budgetary enterprises of the city of Kogalym.

The city has begun a consistent transition of heat consumption systems to work with the equipment of buildings with individual heating points (IHP). On this moment ITP was installed in 149 houses.

Consumers are connected to the heat supply system in a closed circuit.

The connected heat load is Qtp = 239.668 Gcal/hour, including the calculated hourly heating and ventilation load Qot.r = 209.4 Gcal/hour, the weekly average hourly heat load of hot water supply Qg.av = 30.268 Gcal/hour (Table . 20).

The main consumer of thermal energy of LLC "City Heating Networks" is the population - 64% of the useful supply. Budget consumers account for 13% of productive supply, other consumers account for 22% of productive supply (Fig. 6).

Figure 6. Structure of thermal energy consumption

4.1.4 Structure of energy consumption

The generalized energy supply system consists of the following local systems:

power supply intended to provide electric power to the drives of the main and auxiliary equipment, lighting (external and internal), to meet the economic and domestic needs of boiler houses and central heating stations;

gas supply to ensure the operation of boiler houses;

water supply intended to provide water technological process and own needs of boiler houses, central heating stations and auxiliary facilities;

Thermal energy production and energy consumption of the enterprise for the period 2007-2009. are given in table. 21.

Table 20

Structure of the estimated connected heat load of Urban Heating Networks LLC

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INTRODUCTION

1 CHARACTERISTICS OF HEATING NETWORKS LLC P. COSSACK CAMPS

2. ANALYSIS OF THE FINANCIAL ACTIVITY OF THE ENTERPRISE

TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE BOILER HOUSE OF COSSACK CAMPS

CONCLUSION

LIST OF SOURCES USED

APPLICATIONS

INTRODUCTION

IN modern conditions The state of housing and communal services is in crisis; modern problems and the need for change are determined by the management system during the Soviet period. The state of housing and communal services at that time was characterized by the state form of ownership and the administrative nature of management. Distinctive features of this system:

1. enterprises are planned unprofitable, low economic efficiency and labor productivity;

2. distribution of resources was centralized; credit and financial mechanisms were almost completely absent;

3. enterprises were given the function of providing workers with housing and maintaining the housing stock.

The economic situation in the housing and communal services sector has worsened during the transformation. At the beginning of the period of economic reforms, most of the property in housing and communal services was transferred to municipal ownership, while the volume of budget subsidies decreased to 1/3 of the estimated need, which led to a decrease in funding for housing and communal services. As a result, there was a sharp increase in the level of depreciation of fixed assets, and the number of accidents increased.

In the harsh climatic conditions of Russia, one of the most important elements of housing and communal services is heat supply.

The strategic goals of heat supply are 3 Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated August 28, 2003. No. 1234-r:

1. reliable supply of heat to enterprises of the economy and the population of the country;

2. increasing operational efficiency and ensuring sustainable development of the industry based on new modern technologies;

3. maximum efficient use of cogeneration opportunities.

To achieve these goals it is envisaged:

1. development of a program for reforming heat supply in Russia and creating a state system for managing heat supply processes;

2. revision of the heat supply policy for cities and enterprises in terms of optimally reducing centralization in order to increase the reliability of heat supply and reduce the costs of heat energy transmission;

3. development and implementation of state regulation measures to ensure the commercial efficiency of district heating to preserve primary energy resources, reduce harmful emissions from energy sources into the environment, and rational use of urban areas.

Thermal energy production is projected to grow (Fig. 14): in 2010 - by 9 - 13 percent and in 2020 - by 22 - 34 percent more than in 2000. At the same time, it is planned to increase real consumption of thermal energy by 1.4 - 1.5 times by reducing losses and using the high energy saving potential in this energy sector.

Since heat supply in Russia is of great social importance, increasing its reliability, quality and efficiency is a non-alternative task. Any disruptions in the provision of heat to the population and other consumers have a negative impact on the country’s economy and increase social tension. Therefore, in the future, the state must remain the most important subject of economic relations in the industry.

The planned levels of heat supply development, radical modernization and technical re-equipment of the industry will require a significant increase in investment. The main source of capital investments will be the own funds of industry enterprises, state (municipal) financing, borrowed funds, including those raised on project financing terms.

1. CHARACTERISTICS OF HEATING NETWORKS LLC P. COSSACK CAMPS

1.1 Characteristics of the main forms of ownership in housing and communal services

Initially, all organizations were owned by the state, but later, with the development of market relations, owners appeared. At the same time, such organizational and legal forms as business partnerships, business societies, unions, associations, and municipal unitary enterprises appear.

Business partnerships and companies are recognized as commercial organizations with authorized (share) capital divided into shares (contributions) of founders (participants). Property created through the contributions of founders (participants), as well as produced and acquired by a business partnership or company in the course of its activities, belongs to it by right of ownership.

In the cases provided for by this Code, a business company may be created by one person, who becomes its sole participant.

2. Business partnerships can be created in the form of a general partnership and a limited partnership (limited partnership).

3. Business companies can be created in the form of a joint-stock company, a limited liability company or an additional liability company.

4. Participants in general partnerships and general partners in limited partnerships can be individual entrepreneurs and (or) commercial organizations.

Participants in business companies and investors in limited partnerships can be citizens and legal entities.

Business partnerships and companies of one type may be transformed into business partnerships and companies of another type or into production cooperatives by decision of the general meeting of participants in the manner established by this Code.

A production cooperative (artel) is a voluntary association of citizens on the basis of membership for joint production or other economic activities (production, processing, marketing of industrial, agricultural and other products, performance of work, trade, consumer services, provision of other services), based on their personal labor and other participation and association by its members (participants) of property share contributions. The law and constituent documents of a production cooperative may provide for the participation of legal entities in its activities. A production cooperative is a commercial organization.

Members of a production cooperative bear subsidiary liability for the obligations of the cooperative in the amount and in the manner prescribed by the law on production cooperatives and the charter of the cooperative.

A unitary enterprise is a commercial organization that is not endowed with the right of ownership to the property assigned to it by the owner. The property of a unitary enterprise is indivisible and cannot be distributed among contributions (shares, shares), including among employees of the enterprise.

1.Only state and municipal enterprises can be created in the form of unitary enterprises.

2. The property of a state or municipal unitary enterprise is respectively in state or municipal ownership and belongs to such an enterprise with the right of economic management or operational management.

3. The corporate name of a unitary enterprise must contain an indication of the owner of its property.

4. The body of a unitary enterprise is the manager, who is appointed by the owner or a body authorized by the owner and is accountable to him.

5. A unitary enterprise is liable for its obligations with all its property. A unitary enterprise is not liable for the obligations of the owner of its property.

6. The legal status of state and municipal unitary enterprises is determined by this Code and the law on state and municipal unitary enterprises.

Associations of legal entities (associations and unions)

1. Commercial organizations, in order to coordinate their business activities, as well as to represent and protect common property interests, may, by agreement among themselves, create associations in the form of associations or unions that are non-profit organizations.

If, by decision of the participants, an association (union) is entrusted with conducting business activities, such an association (union) shall be transformed into a business company or partnership in the manner prescribed by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, or may create a business company for carrying out business activities or participate in such a company.

2. Non-profit organizations can voluntarily unite into associations (unions) non-profit organizations.

An association (union) of non-profit organizations is a non-profit organization.

3. Members of the association (union) retain their independence and rights as a legal entity.

4. The association (union) is not responsible for the obligations of its members. Members of an association (union) bear subsidiary liability for the obligations of this association (union) in the amount and in the manner provided for by its constituent documents.

5. The name of the association (union) must contain an indication of the main subject of activity of the members of this association (union) with the inclusion of the words “association” or “union”.

Rights and obligations of members of associations and unions:

1. Members of an association (union) have the right to use its services free of charge.

2. A member of an association (union) has the right, at his own discretion, to leave the association (union) at the end of the financial year. In this case, a member of the association (union) bears subsidiary liability for its obligations in proportion to his contribution for two years from the date of withdrawal.

A member of an association (union) may be expelled from it by decision of the remaining members in cases and in the manner established by the constituent documents of the association (union). With regard to the liability of an expelled member of an association (union), the rules relating to withdrawal from the association (union) apply.

3. With the consent of the members of the association (union), a new member may join it. The entry into an association (union) of a new member may be conditioned by its subsidiary liability for the obligations of the association (union) that arose before its entry.

1.2 Legal status of the enterprise Heating Networks LLC, purpose and subject of activity

The thesis project examines the limited liability company “Heat Networks”. Limited liability companies are organizations created by agreement legal entities and citizens by combining their contributions for the purpose of carrying out economic activities

According to Russian legislation “Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part One)” dated November 30, 1994 No. 51-FZ (as amended on June 29, 2009), a limited liability company is a company whose authorized capital is divided into shares; The participants of the company are not liable for its obligations and bear the risk of losses associated with the activities of the company, within the value of their shares.

The number of participants in a limited liability company should not exceed the limit established by law Federal Law No. 14-FZ dated 02/08/1998 (as amended on 12/30/2008) “On Limited Liability Companies” (adopted by the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on 01/14/1988), i.e. e. fifty. Otherwise, it is subject to transformation into a joint stock company within a year

The founders of the company enter into an agreement among themselves on the establishment of a limited liability company, which determines the procedure for their implementation joint activities. The founding document of the company is the charter. The charter must contain information about the size of the authorized capital, the composition and competence of its management bodies, the procedure for making decisions and other information.

The Charter of the limited liability company "Heat Networks" contains the following sections:

1. General Provisions;

2. goals and objectives of the Company’s activities;

3. legal status of the Company;

4. authorized capital;

5. issue of bonds;

6. rights and obligations of participants;

7. transfer of shares.

In accordance with the charter, the purpose of the Company's activities is to generate profit.

To make a profit, the Company has the right to carry out any types of activities not prohibited by law, including:

Production, transmission and sale of thermal energy to consumers;

Construction, installation, repair and adjustment work in the field of heat and power engineering;

Operation of energy equipment and facilities in accordance with current regulatory requirements;

Ensuring the comprehensive development of the heat and power sector;

Development technical specifications for heat supply to new and reconstruction of existing facilities and monitoring their implementation;

Carrying out research and experimental work;

Provision of transport services;

Creating conditions for practical application achievements of science and technology;

Any other activity not prohibited by current legislation.

The main activity in accordance with form No. 22-ZhKH (consolidated) is the provision of services such as hot water supply and heating (Table 1).

Table 1 - Main activities of Heat Networks LLC

Diagram 1 - Main activities of Heat Networks LLC

Based on the diagram it can be seen that highest income The heating networks organization brings 25,312 thousand rubles in heating.

The authorized capital of the Company is 10,000 rubles, which determines minimum size of the Company's property, guaranteeing the interests of its creditors.

Also, in accordance with the charter, the Company’s participants have the right to:

Participate in the management of the Company’s affairs in the manner established by the Federal Law “On Limited Liability Companies” and this charter;

Receive information about the activities of the Company and get acquainted with its accounting books at any time;

Take part in the distribution of profits;

Do not disclose confidential information;

Fulfill assumed obligations towards the Company;

Provide assistance to the Company in carrying out its activities;

The number of members of the Society should not be more than fifty.

A member of the Company (in accordance with clause 7 - transfer of shares) has the right to sell or otherwise assign his share in the authorized capital of the Company, or part of it to third parties. All rights of a member of the Company that arose before the assignment of the specified share are transferred to the acquisition of a share in the authorized capital of the Company. A member of the Company who has assigned his share in the authorized capital of the Company bears an obligation to the company to make a contribution to the property that arose before the assignment of the specified share, jointly and severally with its acquirer.

1.3 Enterprise management structure

There are such management structures as linear, functional, line-staff, divisional, matrix, brigade and project.

For effective management of an organization, it is necessary that its structure corresponds to the goals and objectives of the enterprise and is adapted to them. The organizational structure creates a certain framework, which is the basis for the formation of individual administrative functions. The structure identifies and establishes employee relationships within the organization.

The structure of the organization also determines the structure of subgoals, which serves as a selection criterion when preparing decisions in various parts of the organization. It establishes the responsibility of organizational units for a thorough study of individual elements of the external environment and for transmitting information about events that require special attention to the appropriate points.

Most often in the field of housing and communal services there are linear and linear-functional structures.

The linear organizational structure is based on the principle of unity of distribution of orders, according to which only a higher authority has the right to give orders. Compliance with this principle should ensure unity of management. Such an organizational structure is formed as a result of constructing a management apparatus from mutually subordinate bodies in the form of a hierarchical ladder, i.e. Each subordinate has one leader, and a leader has several subordinates. Two managers cannot communicate directly with each other, they must do so through the nearest higher authority. This structure is often called single-line. The advantages of this structure include:

Simple construction

Unambiguous limitation of tasks, competence, responsibility

Rigid management of governing bodies

Efficiency and accuracy of management decisions

Flaws:

Difficult communications between authorities

Concentration of power in the top management

The linear management structure is used by small and medium-sized firms engaged in simple production, in the absence of broad cooperative ties between enterprises.

A manager has several subordinates.

Figure 1 - Linear organizational structure

The organizational management structure of Heat Networks LLC is linear-functional.

The linear-functional structure is a combination of a linear structure with a system for highlighting certain functions. Under line managers, special units are created that help the line manager in performing individual functions management.

These headquarters can:

Be limited to central levels of management;

Be located at several levels of management;

Form a staff hierarchy at all levels of management.

Headquarters at several levels of the hierarchy must provide advice and participate in the preparation of decisions, but they do not have the rights to make decisions and direct lower-level units or performers.

The larger the company and the more complex its management structure, the more acute the issue of coordinating the activities of functional services or creating large specialized units with highly qualified specialists. The advantages and disadvantages of a linear-functional structure include:

Advantages:

Opportunity to obtain a high degree of professional specialization of employees

Accurately locate and necessary resources(especially frames)

Promotes standardization, formalization and programming of the process

Flaws:

Makes horizontal alignment difficult

Has difficulty responding to change

Figure 2 - Linear-functional structure

The LLC Heating Networks company has the following line managers and functional departments:

1. director - all line managers are subordinate to him. Manages the organization as a whole, manages individual functional and production departments;

2. Ch. economist - the economic department is subordinate to him. Implements the financial analysis activities, filling out and submitting statistical reports, forecasting activities.

3. Ch. accountant - subordinate to the accounting department. Manages the motivation of labor behavior, standardizes and tariffs the labor process, develops remuneration systems, develops forms of personnel participation in profits and capital, develops forms of moral encouragement for personnel, and maintains accounting records;

4. The HR specialist performs the functions of the recruitment and personnel accounting subsystem. Organizes the recruitment of personnel, organizes interviews, assessments, selection and hiring of personnel, records the admission, movement and dismissal of personnel, organizes the rational use of personnel, employment management, documentation support for personnel management;

5. Occupational Safety and Health Engineer - subordinate to the Labor Safety Department. Performs such functions as compliance with the requirements of psychophysiology and labor ergonomics, compliance with the requirements of technical aesthetics, labor protection and environment, protection of the organization and individual officials, ensuring safety precautions;

6. Head of the heating networks maintenance section - the main task is to maintain heating networks in working condition, repair and maintenance.

7. head of the heat supply section of the Persianovsky village - providing the Persianovsky village with heating and submitting all reports on the services provided;

8. Head of the gas boiler room maintenance section - ensuring the working condition of the boiler room, repair, reconstruction and maintenance of the boiler room.

1.4 Analysis of the enterprise’s labor resources

Personnel management is a functional area of ​​activity, the task of which is to provide the enterprise with right time personnel in the required quantity and required quality, their correct placement and stimulation. The goal of personnel management is the formation of efficient teams in which employees act taking into account their own interests and for the benefit of the organization as a whole.

Personnel management makes it possible to determine the personnel policy of the organization, develop technology and apply personnel management methods, in accordance with the mission and development strategy of the organization and within the framework of current legislation.

The purpose of the course work on the topic: “Personnel and documentation support for the personnel management system” is:

1. analysis of labor resources at the enterprise Heat Networks LLC;

2. development of documentation when creating a division of the enterprise.

This topic is relevant at present, since personnel management occupies one of the most important places in the organization as much as possible. effective activities at the enterprise. Highly qualified personnel become a decisive factor in the development of production and the survival of the enterprise. New competitive conditions lead to changes in the enterprise management system - personnel management is gradually coming to the fore.

Personnel movement balance

The personnel of an enterprise is a collection of workers of certain categories and professions engaged in a single production activity, which is aimed at generating profit or income and satisfying their material needs.

There are personnel in the main type of activity (industrial-production), engaged in the production of products, services, or servicing these processes, and personnel not in the main type of activity (non-industrial personnel) - social workers.

Personnel movement balance is a document reflecting the movement of personnel (headcount at the beginning of the period, at the end of the period, how many were hired, how many were fired and for what reasons).

Table 1 - Balance of personnel movement at the enterprise Heating Networks LLC for 2007-2009.

Based on the balance of personnel movements, it can be seen that at the enterprise Heating Networks LLC for the period since 2007. to 2009 the number of staff is uneven. In general, there has been an increase in personnel, at the end of 2007. - 95 people, at the end of the analyzed period in 2009. - 98 people The largest payroll number at the end of 2008 was 112 people, this is due to the expansion of activities and, in connection with this, the hiring of 21 people. Largest quantity dismissed personnel in 2009 - 17 people, the main reason is staff reduction.

Key indicators of personnel movement

There are turnout, list and average numbers.

The staff attendance includes all employees who report to work.

The payroll includes both workers who showed up for work and those who didn’t show up.

The average payroll for a month is determined by summing the payroll for all calendar days of the month and dividing the result by the number of calendar days in the month.

The average headcount for the period under study is calculated:

Czech Republic = Ch n. p. + Ch k. p.,

where Nn.p. is the number of personnel at the beginning of the period, people;

Ch k.p. - number of personnel at the end of the period, people.

H Wed. (2007) = 88 + 95 = 92 people

H Wed. (2008) = 95 + 112 = 104 people

H Wed. (2009) = 112 + 98 = 105 people

Personnel turnover is a continuous process of hiring and dismissing employees, due to which the composition of the personnel is constantly changing.

It is necessary, using the data from the balance of personnel movement, to calculate the indicators of relative personnel turnover using the formulas:

K acceptance turnover = number accepted for the period_

K turnover on disposal = number of people leaving during the period

To staff turnover = number of people leaving on their own. desire and initiative

administration for the period _________________

labor resource boiler room reconstruction

Calculation of relative personnel turnover indicators:

K turnover on reception = 10_ = 0.11

K turnover on disposal = 3_ = 0.03

To staff turnover = 1_ * 100% = 1%

K reception turnover = 21_ = 0.2

K turnover on disposal = 4_ = 0.04

To staff turnover = 1+2_ * 100% = 2.9%

K turnover on reception = 3_ = 0.03

K turnover on disposal = 17_ = 0.16

To staff turnover = 2+3_ * 100% = 4.8%

We summarize the calculation of relative personnel turnover indicators in Table 2.

Table 2 - Calculation of relative personnel turnover indicators

In general, during the analyzed period there was an increase in the average number of personnel from 92 people. up to 105 people The admission turnover rate was highest in 2008. (0.2), this is due to the expansion of activities, an increase in the heating main. In 2009 the turnover coefficient for admission is the smallest (0.03), and the turnover coefficient for disposal is the highest (0.16), this trend is observed due to staff reductions.

Main reasons for staff turnover

Staff turnover is important characteristic stability of the workforce, it is characterized by personnel leaving at their own request and those dismissed for violating labor discipline. Normal staff turnover is up to 5%.

It is important to determine the motives for turnover - the immediate reasons for the dismissal of individual employees, which can be grouped as follows:

Dissatisfaction with production and economic conditions;

Dissatisfaction with living conditions;

Personal motives;

Other motives.

In the course work at the enterprise Heat Networks LLC for the analyzed period 2007-2009. staff turnover increased from 1 to 4.8%, which corresponds to the normal level of this indicator. Turnover increased by 3.8% for the following reasons: for the analyzed period 2007-2009. there is an increase in the number of dismissed personnel 1. at their own request, due to dissatisfaction with production and economic conditions (labor organization, work schedule, amount of earnings) and dissatisfaction with living conditions (housing, medical care, transportation); 2.for violation of labor discipline. Based on the above, we can say about the need to improve working conditions, increase wages, provide opportunities for advanced training, and also tighten control over discipline during the work process.

The personnel structure of an organization is a combination separate groups workers united on any basis. They distinguish between professional, qualification, gender and age, and the structure of personnel by level of education.

The structure of personnel by level of education characterizes the identification of persons with higher education, specialized secondary education, general secondary education, incomplete secondary education, and primary education.

Professional - the ratio of representatives of various professions or specialties.

Qualification - the ratio of workers of various qualifications.

The course work examines the following personnel structures: the number of personnel by employment category (Table 3), the personnel structure by level of education (Table 4), the age structure of personnel (Table 5).

Based on the calculation of personnel by employment category, we can say that in the organization the largest part industrial production personnel are workers and during the analyzed period their number increased from 60 people. up to 69 people (the percentage is 65.2% - 65.7%). The smallest number of personnel consists of employees; their number has decreased from 5 people. up to 3 people (percentage 5.43% - 2.87%), this is due to the reduction of staff and the transfer of their functions to other officials. The number of managers is uneven, it is 9.81%; 11.53%;

9.53%. The number of specialists increased from 18 people. up to 23 people (percentage 19.56% - 21.9%), which indicates an increase in the number of qualified workers, due to the expansion of the organization’s activities, the increase in heating networks and the replacement of equipment with more modern ones.

Table 4 - Personnel structure by level of education

The largest number in Heat Networks LLC is made up of personnel with secondary specialized education (44.89%), in second place are higher education (26.54%), there is also incomplete higher education (5.1%), which indicates a normal level of education of the staff . The smallest number consists of secondary and incomplete secondary education (15.3% and 8.17%), therefore it is necessary for these categories of personnel to receive a higher level of education.

Table 5 - Age structure of personnel

In general, the age structure shows that the largest number is made up of personnel from 30 to 50 years old (57 people - 58.18%). In second place are those under 30 years old (20 people - 20.4%), fewer personnel from 50 to 50 years old (13 people - 13.26%) and the smallest number over 60 years old (8 people - 8.16%). Based on the above, we can say that there is a need to replace personnel over 60 years, either by replacing them with their own personnel or by hiring them from outside.

Type of personnel policy of the enterprise

Under personnel policy understand the system of views, ideas, requirements, principles that determine the main directions of work with personnel, its forms, methods.

The main goal is to provide functional subsystems, management systems and production systems with the required number of workers and with the appropriate qualifications.

There are two types of personnel policies - open and closed.

A closed personnel policy is characterized by the fact that the organization focuses on recruiting new personnel only from the lowest official level, and replacement occurs from among its own employees. Personnel policy of this type is focused on creating a corporate atmosphere to foster a special spirit of involvement, as well as the ability to work in conditions of shortage of human resources.

An open personnel policy is characterized by transparency for potential employees at any level, from the most basic position to senior management. The organization is ready to hire a specialist of the required qualifications without taking into account the previous place of work.

The LLC Heating Networks company has an open personnel policy.

The organizational structure of the personnel management system is a set of interrelated units of the personnel management system and officials.

An organization's personnel management system is a system in which personnel management functions are implemented. It includes a general line management subsystem and a number of functional subsystems.

The line management subsystem manages the organization as a whole and manages individual functional and production departments. The functions of this subsystem are performed by: the head of the organization, his deputy, heads of functional and production departments (at the Heat Networks LLC enterprise, the functions of this subsystem are performed by the director).

Functional subsystems:

Personnel planning and marketing;

Recruitment and personnel management;

Labor relations management;

Ensuring normal working conditions;

Personnel development management;

Management of motivation and stimulation of work;

Social Development Management;

Organizational structure development

Legal support;

Information support;

Technical support.

At the Heat Networks LLC enterprise, personnel management is carried out by the following officials (Figure 1):

1. HR specialist - performs the functions of the recruitment and personnel accounting subsystem. Organizes the recruitment of personnel, organizes interviews, assessments, selection and hiring of personnel, records the admission, movement and dismissal of personnel, organizes the rational use of personnel, employment management, and documentation support for personnel management.

2. occupational health and safety engineer - performs the functions of a subsystem for ensuring normal working conditions. Performs such functions as compliance with the requirements of psychophysiology and labor ergonomics, compliance with the requirements of technical aesthetics, labor and environmental protection, protection of the organization and individual officials, and ensuring safety regulations.

3. lawyer - performs the functions of a legal support subsystem. His responsibilities include resolving legal issues of labor relations, coordinating administrative and other documents on personnel management, resolving legal issues of economic activity, and providing consultations on legal issues.

4. chief accountant - performs the functions of a subsystem for managing motivation and stimulation of work. It manages the motivation of labor behavior, standardization and tariffication of the labor process, development of remuneration systems, development of forms of personnel participation in profits and capital, development of forms of moral encouragement of personnel, organization of normative and methodological support for the personnel management system.

Based on the analysis of officials responsible for personnel management, it can be noted that not all functional subsystems personnel management. The management of the organization as a whole is carried out by the line management subsystem - the director of the organization. Also, the organizational structure of the management system includes: a subsystem for managing motivation and stimulation of labor (chief accountant), a subsystem for legal support (lawyer), a subsystem for managing recruitment and personnel accounting (HR specialist), a subsystem for ensuring normal working conditions (labour safety engineer). safety precautions). Based on the above, we can conclude that the enterprise has developed management of personnel behavior motivation, provides moral encouragement, as well as full legal support for the labor process, rational use personnel, compliance with the requirements of technical aesthetics, labor and environmental protection, all this effectively affects the activities of the organization.

2. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF "HEATING NETWORKS" LLC PROJECT FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE BOILER HOUSE OF COSSACK CAMPS

2.1 Characteristics of the reconstruction object

The working project “Reconstruction of the boiler house in the village of Cossack Camps, Persianovsky rural settlement, Oktyabrsky district, Rostov region” provides for:

Reconstruction of the boiler room;

Installation of tank facilities outside the boiler house building (reserve tank cold water U=100 m3 (1 piece), hot water reserve tank U=100 m3 (2 pieces)).

Installation of a metal deaeration platform H = 11.0 m, plan dimensions 5.6x5.6 m; - dismantling of the existing diesel generator DES-500 (block), installation in its place of the diesel generator DES-315.1 (block); - dismantling the existing hot water tank U=200 m3 (1 piece); - dismantling of hot water tanks U=60 m3 (2 pcs); - dismantling of steam boiler deaerators DA-25-25 (1 piece), DA-25-15 (1 piece); - fencing the territory of the boiler room, landscaping and landscaping of the territory.

2.2 Basic technical characteristics installed equipment

1. Water heating boiler “BUDERUS” Logano S825L 9300 kW (7.99 kW)

The hydraulic resistance of the boiler at D1 = 25 °C is 0.25 m.w.st.;

Fuel - natural gas;

Flue gas temperature 205 °C;

Electric power of the burner fan is 37 kW;

Boiler weight - 14800 kg.

2. Water heating boiler “BUDERUS” Logano S825L 7700 kW (6.62 kW)

Coefficient useful action not less than 92%;

Minimum inlet water temperature 50 °C;

The maximum operating temperature of water leaving the boiler is 110 °C;

Maximum operating water pressure 0.6 MPa;

The hydraulic resistance of the boiler at D1 = 25 °C is 0.25 m.w.st.;

Flue gas temperature 198 °C;

Electric power of the burner fan is 21 kW;

Boiler weight - 12400 kg.

3. Steam boiler “BUDERUS” Logano SHD815WT 2600 kg/hour (1.47 Gcal/hour) 2 pcs.

Efficiency of at least 95%;

Feedwater temperature 90 °C;

The maximum operating temperature of steam at the boiler outlet is 158 °C;

Maximum operating (excess) steam pressure - 5 bar (0.5 MPa);

Boiler design pressure is 10 bar;

Fuel - natural gas;

Flue gas temperature 170 °C;

Electric power of the burner fan is 3 kW;

Boiler weight - 7750 kg.

Hot water with a temperature of 100 °C from two “BUDERUS” Logano boilers with a thermal power of 7.7 MW (No. 1) and 9.3 MW (No. 2) is supplied to plate heaters manufactured by Mashimpex (Russia). Then pumps type MV150-250/286A-R-A BAPE manufactured by Grundfos (Germany) for the boiler circuit (boiler No. 1) and YB150-315/286A-R-A BA()E manufactured by Grundfos (Germany) (boiler No. 2) water with a temperature of 72 °C is returned to the boilers for reheating. The pressure in the return pipeline of the boiler circuit is maintained by make-up pumps type TP 32-380/2 A-R-A BARE manufactured by Grundfos (Germany). Two pumps are installed on each line (one working, one standby).

Occupational Health and Safety

To ensure safe maintenance of boiler room equipment, the following measures are provided:

Insulation of hot pipelines (surface temperature no more than 40 °C);

Working and emergency lighting for equipment maintenance;

Grounding device for protection against electric shock;

Providing equipment with protections and interlocks for safe operation;

Installation of gas alarms.

All passages and distances between equipment are taken in accordance with current standards and regulations and ensure safety precautions and fire safety measures.

The laying of gas pipelines in the boiler room is open and provides free access for regular inspection and control of pipelines and fittings.

Starting, stopping and operating boilers must be carried out in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

2.3 Technical and economic indicators of the reconstructed boiler house

Determining the estimated cost of reconstruction work

The consolidated estimate was adjusted in accordance with the changes made to the site and local estimates, recalculated into current prices according to the 2010 indices.

The coefficient for cramped working conditions was excluded as unreasonable by the design.

The scope of work was adjusted according to the project and the bill of quantities.

Costs for priming and degreasing the surfaces of metal structures are excluded in accordance with clause 13, part. TSSC-2001.

The cost of containers, packaging, transportation costs, equipment and procurement and storage costs of equipment are excluded from the cost as taken into account in the base estimated price of resources.

As part of direct costs, the cost of equipment is highlighted, taking into account the appendix to TERM-2001 “Materials not included in the price tag” and introductory instructions to the departments and sections of TERM-2001.

When drawing up the estimate, the following regulatory documents were used:

The construction of the base with a thickness of 18 cm from crushed stone of the 40-70 mm fraction of grade 600 was adopted according to TER27-04-007-01, TER27-04-007-04 instead of TER27-04-006-01, TER27-04-006-04 according to the project.

The cost of the asphalt concrete mixture for the installation of the top layer of asphalt concrete pavement pavement is accepted according to the resource code 410-0002 instead of 410-0005 according to the type of work.

The costs of installing the curb are taken into account in paragraph 3.8. t, h. TER27-2001.

Harvesting of trees and seedlings is excluded as unjustified by the project and in accordance with clause 1.18, part. TER 81-02-47-2001.

In the landscaping work, local plant soil was used, the cost of its acquisition was excluded.

Preparation of seats was adopted according to TER47-01-007-05 instead of TER47-01-004-20 according to the type of work.

Planting trees with a clod of earth was adopted according to TER47-01-009-05 instead of TER47-01-009-05 according to the type of work.

Additionally, the costs of installing metal gates on metal posts according to TER 13-06-003-01 were taken into account, the cost of the door leaf was taken according to the resource code 201-0588 according to the project.

Additionally, the costs of installing gates according to TER07-01-055-09 according to the project were taken into account.

The laying of external walls was adopted according to TERr53-20-1 instead of TERr53-20-2 according to the type of work.

Reinforcement of masonry walls and other structures is adopted according to TER08-02-007-01 with the removal of mesh reinforcement made of class A-1 steel with a diameter of 12-14 mm according to the composition of the resources and the addition of mesh 4Вр-1, ЗВР-1 according to resource code 204-9184 according to the project.

The installation of door blocks in partitions was adopted according to TER 10-01-039-03 instead of TERYU-01-039-01 and TER 10-01-060-01 according to the project.

Dismantling of window fillings was accepted at the direct rate TER46-04-012-02 instead of TER 10-01-031-01.

Plaster on the mesh was adopted according to TER15-02-036-01 instead of TER 15-02-001-01 according to the project.

Additionally, the insulation of the glasses was taken into account, with the lining of the adjacent roofs in buildings covered with reinforced concrete slabs, according to TER 12-01-018-04 according to the project.

The construction of crushed stone foundations impregnated with bitumen was adopted according to TER11-01-013-03 instead of TER I-01-001-02 according to the project.

The installation of coatings on cement mortar from ceramic tiles for floors of one color with dye is adopted according to TER11-01-027-03 instead of TERr57-12-2 according to the type of work.

Additionally, dismantling of ceramic floors according to TERr57-02-03 according to the project was taken into account.

Additionally, the installation of cement plinth according to TER11-01-039-02 according to the project was taken into account.

Grouting the waterproofing surface with sand was adopted at the direct rate TER11-01-007-01 instead of TER 11-01-002-01.

Installation of scaffolding indoors for finishing works accepted according to TER08-07-002-01 instead of TER08-07-001-02 according to the type of work.

P. 130 - Painting ceilings with latex dispersion paint on previously painted surfaces was adopted according to TERr62-17-03 instead of TERr 10-01-014-01 according to the project.

Painting walls with latex dispersion paint on previously painted surfaces was adopted according to TERr62-16-03 instead of TERr 10-01-014-01 according to the project.

Wall cladding with glazed tiles is accepted without cornice and plinth elements according to TER 15-01-019-01 with the cost of unglazed smooth ceramic façade tiles removed: 7 mm thick according to resource code 101-0277 according to the composition of resources Yu!, supplemented with glazed colored plain tiles according to 101- 0258 instead of TER 15-01-020-05.

The cost of concrete is accepted according to the resource code 401-0050 (water resistance ^4) instead of 401-0086 according to the project and clause 11, etc. to TSSC-2001.

Loading of garbage is excluded as taken into account in the TERR-2001 prices.

The construction of the foundation for the equipment was taken into account according to the price TER06-01-005-03, TER06-01-005-08, the cost of reinforcement was removed according to the composition of resources and the class of steel and consumption of reinforcement was taken into account according to paragraphs. 1.4, 1.17 t.h. to TER 81-02-06-2001 and the project.

The cost of concrete is accepted according to the resource code 401-0050 (water resistance ChU4) instead of 401-0086 according to the project and clause 11, etc. to TSSC-2001.

The cost of a 30s41p valve with a diameter of 150 mm, which is not included in the estimate and regulatory framework of 2001, is determined at current prices according to the price lists of the supplier - "Gazovik" as of 08/20/2009, agreed by the customer, recalculated to the base prices of 2001 with subsequent adjustment according to actual shipping documents.

- "The cost of coupling and flange fittings of various diameters produced by the Movex company, which is not included in the 2001 estimate and regulatory framework, is determined at current prices according to the supplier’s price lists as of 08/20/2009, agreed upon by the customer, recalculated into the base prices of 2001 with subsequent adjustment according to actual goods and payment documents.

The cost of hot water boilers manufactured by the company "Bieuesz", gas burners "Welzbair", supplied as a set, service platforms, boiler control cabinets, partial thermal deaeration module "Ag8MT", modules of feedwater pumps with frequency control (brands according to the project) , not included in the 2001 estimate and regulatory framework, is determined at current prices based on the commercial proposals of the supplier Buderus Optimal Equipment LLC No. 23091 dated 04/01/08 and No. 31320 dated 07/23/08, agreed upon by the customer, recalculated into base prices of 2001 with subsequent adjustment according to actual goods and payment documents.

The cost of plate heat exchangers (grades according to the project), which are not included in the 2001 estimate and regulatory framework, is determined at current prices at

commercial proposals of the supplier "Mashimpex", agreed upon by the customer, recalculated into base prices of 2001 with subsequent adjustment according to actual goods and payment documents.

The cost of pumping equipment manufactured by Grundfos (brands according to the project), which are not included in the 2001 estimate and regulatory framework, is determined at current prices based on the supplier’s commercial proposals dated 04/07/08 b/n, agreed upon by the customer, recalculated into base prices of 2001 subsequent adjustment according to actual goods and payment documents.

The cost of ejectors, deaerators (brands according to the project), not included in the 2001 estimate and regulatory framework, is determined at current prices based on the commercial proposals of the supplier “Quark” dated November 6, 2009 No. 0804-053-4, agreed by the customer, recalculated into base prices of 2001 d with subsequent adjustment according to actual goods and payment documents.

The cost of the burner control cabinet, fan station, noise suppressors (brands according to the project), which are not included in the 2001 estimate and regulatory framework, is determined at current prices based on the commercial proposals of the supplier “Rational” dated 05/08/08 No. 088263-090218, agreed upon by the customer, recalculated in base prices of 2001 with subsequent adjustment based on actual goods and payment documents

The cost of a two-point refrigerator, mud traps, vapor coolers (brands according to the project), not included in the 2001 estimate and regulatory framework, is determined at current prices according to the price lists of the supplier "Sarenergomash" as of 08/20/09, agreed by the customer, recalculated into base prices 2001 with subsequent adjustment based on actual goods and payment documents.

The cost of a set of chemical treatment equipment (composition and grades according to the project), which are not included in the estimate and regulatory framework of 2001, is determined at current prices according to the commercial proposal of Termoclub-Rostov LLC dated December 7, 2009 No. TR9958, agreed upon by the customer, recalculated into base prices of 2001 with subsequent adjustment according to actual goods and payment documents.

The cost of 2-way control valves with electric drive (composition and grades according to the project), which are not included in the 2001 estimate and regulatory framework, is determined at current prices according to the price lists of the supplier “Kip-Service” as of 08.20.09, agreed upon by the customer, with recalculation into base prices of 2001 with subsequent adjustment based on actual goods and payment documents.

The cost of selected devices 1.6-70-St20-MU was adopted according to the resource code 300-5088-104 instead of 300-5088-103 according to the project.

The cost of AVVG brand cable with a number of cores of 5x70 mm2 is accepted according to the resource code 501-5014-0152 instead of 501-5011-0430 according to the project.

The cost of the diesel power plant DES-315.1, which is not included in the estimate and regulatory framework of 2001, is determined at current prices according to the commercial proposal of the supplier "APAES" dated December 7, 2009 No. 265-09, agreed by the customer, recalculated to the base prices of 2001 with subsequent adjustment according to actual shipping documents.

The cost of brackets for incandescent lamps 986 UZ was adopted according to the resource code 500-9045-401 instead of 500-9045-0406 according to the project.

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Characteristics of heating networks

Heat is transported from the boiler house to consumers through trunk and distribution networks.

From the main heating networks, heat is transported to consumers through distribution heat networks, then through intra-block networks. Connection of consumers to heating networks is carried out through individual thermal chambers.

The network diagram is two-pipe, dead-end.

The coolant of heat supply systems from boiler houses for heating and hot water supply systems is superheated water with a maximum temperature in the supply pipelines of 95 C and in the return pipelines of 70 C.

The heat supply system is closed.

Regulation of heat supply in boiler houses is high-quality, according to a normal heating schedule.

Subscribers are connected according to a dependent circuit, through thermal chambers, partially with thermal energy and coolant flow metering devices.

Heat networks from heat supply sources are laid both underground and above ground.

The existing heat supply system for the housing and communal sector has a significant percentage of wear and tear installed equipment boiler houses and heating networks and needs modernization. A significant portion of heating mains have exhausted their capacity reserves or are significantly limited.

Teploset LLC rents 4 boiler houses with installed capacity:

Boiler room No. Gkall

Boiler room No. Gkall

Boiler room No. Gkall

Boiler room No. Gkall

Safety valves are installed in each boiler room to protect against overpressure.

Boiler room No. 1

Boiler room No. 2

Boiler room No. 3