What is the name of the hard drive and why. Local drives C and D, why shouldn’t they be clogged? Windows Search and File Indexing

In this article I will tell you why the disk numbering starts with drive C, and also why 2 letters (A and B) are missing.

If you have asked this question, then I would venture to guess that you have not been familiar with the computer for very long. After all, just a few years ago, a device was installed on every computer, to which the letter A was assigned. Full name This device was a floppy disk drive, but people often called it a flop, or more affectionately, a flop (from the English floppy). When removed it looked like this:

And they “fed” him these floppy disks (3.5 inches):

These floppy disks were called floppy disks(from English “ floppy disk"). The volume of such a floppy disk was 1.4 megabytes (and one gigabyte, as you know, is 1024 megabytes). Judge for yourself whether this is a lot or a little. The principle of writing data to such a floppy disk is very similar to how data is stored on a hard drive (hard drive): inside the medium there is a disk covered with a ferromagnetic layer, and a magnetization process was used to save data on this disk. Therefore, if you put a magnet against such a floppy disk, you will hardly be able to read the data on it. It is very likely that when trying to read such a floppy disk, the drive, which is noisy in itself, will become even more noisy. loud sounds, and everyone around him will think that he is dissatisfied with something.

Such a floppy disk could be bent. Hence the name. Although, of course, they did not bend as well as their older brothers did - 5-inch floppy disks, which were larger in size. But in this world, “more is not better,” and the volume of these floppy disks was 2 times less (about 0.7 MB). For 5-inch floppy disks, corresponding disk drives were naturally required.

As I already said, drives for 3-inch floppy disks were installed on computers quite recently and the letter A was reserved for them. Now such drives are installed much less frequently, and the reasons for this are clear.

As for the letter B, it is reserved for the second such drive. In the more distant past, about 15-20 years ago, when floppy disks were the main (if not the only) means of transmitting information, it was convenient to have 2 disk drives on the computer in order to quickly copy a floppy disk directly, bypassing HDD. And on some computers hard drive there wasn't at all. There was only drive A. And drive B, if you were lucky.

The hard drive that is in your computer is called hard drive (hard disk drive). It is very difficult to bend it and still maintain its functionality. The first section of such a hard drive traditionally begins with the letter C.

Conclusion

Letters A and B in modern world are used less and less, because they are reserved for floppy disk drives, which, due to the small volume of media (floppy disks), are practically no longer installed on computers. The numbering of hard drive partitions also traditionally begins with the letter C.

If you are familiar with computers early generations, then you probably know the answer to this question. But if computers are not your passion, then this question, although it arose, somehow remained unanswered. So anyway, why program disk Is it called “C” on your PC?

The fact is that just a few years ago computers did not have volumetric internal memory. Back then floppy disk drives were used. The flop (aka floppy disk drive) came in two sizes: 5 1/4 inches and 3 1/2 inches. These disks were called “A” and “B” respectively. They were intended for floppy disks, since initially they were the main storage media.

The system hard drive in its current understanding appeared later, and, logically, it was called “C”. Then floppy disks were abolished as unnecessary - larger hard drives, memory cards, USB drives appeared... So “A” and “B” disappeared into oblivion, but “C” remained...

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One not-so-wonderful day, you find that your computer is freezing due to the disk loading limit. Let's take a closer look at why Windows shows that the hard drive is 100 percent loaded. Find out the causes and solutions to this problem right now!

In Windows 10, there is an issue with the file indexing process getting stuck in a loop. Indexing allows you to organize information on your hard drive and speed up subsequent searches, but this procedure can last for a very long time or indefinitely - this is called looping.

To disable the indexing service, in the Run window, type services.msc. A window will open with a list of OS services. Find Windows Search and double click on it. Click the Stop button, and then select Disabled in the Startup Type field. Apply the changes made by clicking the corresponding button in the lower right corner of the window. After this, indexing will be disabled.

Super Fetch Service

Running the Super Fetch service can cause your hard drive to reach its maximum capacity. This service records statistics of launched programs. Based on the information received, it selects the most frequently used applications and loads them into RAM automatically. In most cases, the Super Fetch service only speeds up the OS, but sometimes its operation leads to the disk loading at 100%.

Type services.msc in the Run window. This window can be opened manually or by a combination Win keys+ R. Find the Super Fetch service in the window that opens and click on it a couple of times. Repeat the same steps as for disabling the Windows Search service, which are described above.

Search for malware

Maximum loading hard disk failure may be the result of a virus infection on the system. Open the task manager and find the process that is "eating" greatest number system resources. If this process is not a system process, or intentionally launched by the user, and the name executable program If you don't know, then most likely you have found a virus. Try ending the found process manually.

The system denied you access? In this case, it really is a virus. Check your computer hard drive is good licensed antivirus. Free antivirus programs are unlikely to help in this case.

Correcting errors and removing damaged files

Every day, “garbage” accumulates on your hard drive - unnecessary files that are not used during work. Many of these files don't even show up because they are assigned by default hidden attribute. However, this information can slow down the system and cause errors on the hard drive.

Errors greatly slow down the system. Their occurrence, unfortunately, is inevitable. Errors are eliminated chkdsk program- an analogue of the ScanDisk application, which was used in previous versions of Windows. In the Run window, enter chkdsk.exe /f /r so that the program not only detects, but also fixes errors and bad sectors of the hard drive.

Windows diagnostic problems

Windows 10 has a WPR service ( Windows Performance Recorder), which monitors the performance of the operating system. This service collects all necessary information about the computer and sends it to the Microsoft server. Because of large quantity collected information may overload the hard drive.

Click right click mouse on the “Start” button (with the image of a window). In the menu that opens, select “Command Prompt (Administrator).” A command line window will open in which you must enter WPR – cancel.

After this, the message “There are no trace profiles running” may appear, meaning that WPR is not currently running, that is, the disk is loaded not because of this service, but for some other reason. Many users still leave WPR turned off to increase the confidentiality of information stored on the hard drive.

Conflict between Google Chrome and Skype

Many users have 2 installed popular programs– Google Chrome browser and Skype. These programs may conflict with each other, thereby creating heavy load to disk. To resolve this issue, you need to make changes to both applications.

Go to your Google Chrome browser settings. To do this, click on the button on the right top corner browser, which looks like 3 dots arranged vertically. Click on it and select “Settings” from the menu that opens. At the bottom, select "Show advanced settings" and find the "Personal information" options. Uncheck the box next to “Use tooltips to make pages load faster.” Close your browser settings. If after this the problem with loading the disk does not disappear, then proceed to setting up Skype.

Turn off Skype through the task manager - end the skype.exe process. Go to the folder where Skype is installed. Find the skype.exe file there and right-click on it. In the window that opens, find the “Security” tab. Select it and find the “Groups or Users” field - in it select “All application packages” and click the “Edit” button. Now, in the lower “Application Packages” field, find the “Record” line. You need to check the “Allow” box. Apply the changes you made and restart Skype.

Swap file on SSD

On hard drives It is undesirable for SSDs to have a page file - it negatively affects the performance of the drive. It is recommended to disable the page file. Right-click on the “My Computer” shortcut and select “Properties”. Next, on the left, select “Advanced system settings.” The “System Properties” window will open - select the “Advanced” tab. In the "Performance" field you will see the "Options" button, click it.

Another window will appear. In it you need to find the field “ Virtual memory" and click the "Change" button. The "Virtual Memory" window will open. In it, find the line “Automatically select the size of the paging file” and uncheck the box next to it. Below, select "No Page File", then click the "OK" button in the lower right corner.

Removing unnecessary software from startup

Maximum hard disk load when you turn on the computer may occur due to a large number of programs that load automatically after startup operating system. Remove unnecessary applications from startup. Open Task Manager and select the Startup tab.

In the window that opens, a list of all installed applications will appear that will automatically launch after Windows start. Select an unnecessary program, right-click on it and select “Disable” from the menu that opens. Disable any applications that you don't think need to run after the OS boots.

AHCI mode and SATA AHCI driver

Hard SSD drives and SSHD work normally only when turned on AHCI mode. It must be enabled in the BIOS or UEFI. After enabling this mode, you will most likely need to reinstall the operating system. Sometimes it needs to be enabled through the branches HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Msahci HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\iaStorV. Each of these branches must contain a Start parameter with a value of 0.

The problem may be due to hardware incompatibility with the SATA AHCI driver. Open Control Panel and launch Device Manager. Find the device "Standard" SATA controller AHCI", right-click on it and select "Update drivers" from the menu that appears.

Hard drive defects

The reason for a hard drive being fully loaded may be trivial - when physical defects appear, the performance of the drive is greatly reduced. To check the hard drive for defects, you must use special programs, for example, Victoria, MHDD and other similar applications.

If the problem is caused by a damaged hard drive, it must be replaced. IN in this case this will be the only one possible solution Problems. Full load hard drive - characteristic problem problem, which many users of PCs running on the Windows 10 platform face. The above recommendations will help you solve this problem and forget about annoying freezes.

In Windows 10, there are often problems with disk utilization at 100%. The computer starts to work slowly and when we go to the task manager, we notice that the disk is 100% loaded. What could be the reasons for this and what should be done in this case?

Reinstalled the system, with disk full order, installed only basic set programs, everything seems to be fine, but not quite. But simply put, the hard drive is frozen, and in the task manager we can see that the disk load has increased to the maximum 100%.

Let's figure out why the disk is so heavily loaded and check whether this is a short-term situation caused by running programs or whether the problem is long-term and how to solve it. Increased disk utilization can be caused by many factors, so there is no single universal method solve it.

Windows Search and File Indexing

In Windows 8, 8.1 or 10, the reason may be a situation where the search engine is drawn into a loop, resulting in increased disk load when searching for files. Fortunately, it can be disabled manually by stopping the search.

To do this, right-click on the Start button and select “Command Prompt (Admin)”. Or enter the command “cmd” in the search bar of the Start menu, then click on it and select “Run as administrator.”

To temporarily stop the Windows search engine, type in the command prompt window:

NET STOP "Windows Search"

The Windows Search service will be stopped and the looped process will be closed. Now go to the task manager and check whether the load has decreased and how loaded it is. If this method worked and the problem does not appear on the next search, then there is nothing more you need to do.

However, the problem may recur after a while, especially if your computer has old disk or the system has problems indexing files. Then you can completely disable indexing, despite the fact that this will to some extent slow down the process of searching for files in the system.

To disable indexing, press Win + R to open the Run window. Then enter the command:

services.msc

A services window will open, where you need to find “Windows Search” in the list.

Double-click on it to change its launch options. If the service is running, stop it by clicking the Stop button, and then change the startup type from Auto to Disabled.

Disabling this service will bring some benefit, especially for older computers where indexing greatly slows down the system.

SuperFetch Service

The disk may be heavily loaded by the SuperFetch service. Its influence on the operation of Windows is twofold. In most cases, SuperFetch has a positive effect on system performance, both in the latest versions of Windows 8.1 and 10, and in earlier Vista and Windows 7. But on some computers it causes problems, including excessive disk load.

SuperFetch can be completely disabled in the same way as file indexing, in the section system services, which is called using the services.msc command.

In the list we find the “SuperFetch” service. Then open it double click mouse, stop with the “Stop” button and set the “Startup Type” to “Disabled”.

Antivirus scan

Often the hard drive is 100% loaded due to the computer being infected with malware. In the dispatcher Windows tasks 8.1 or 10, you can sort the loaded processes in the disk usage column. To do this, simply click on "Disk" to sort the different processes.

If the disk is loaded at 100 by some unknown process, then you can try to disable it. If you know which program is responsible for this process, you can remove it. However, if this unknown file EXE and, especially, its process cannot be terminated due to “Access Denied”, you should scan your computer with an antivirus.

The reason may also be the antivirus program itself, which we install after installing Windows 10 - perhaps at this moment it scans the disk in background. In this case, wait until it completes the scan and see how busy it is. If the antivirus is constantly loading heavily hard drive, then it should be replaced with another one.

Disk check chkdsk

Heavy loading can cause. If there are errors reading files and folders, this will most likely lead to the above-mentioned looping process during the search. What to do if you have damaged files?

You should scan the disk with the chkdsk command additional parameters to not only identify problems, but also try to fix them. To do this, launch Command Prompt in Administrator mode and enter the following command:

chkdsk.exe /f /r

After scanning, reboot the computer and check what percentage of the drive is loaded.

The source of the problem may be the disk itself. If you are using an old hard drive that may be damaged, it can load up your Windows system and cause your computer to slow down. It should be checked for bad sectors, e.g. Victoria program or MHDD, and then see how loaded it is. In case of multiple damages, you should consider buying a new one. Sometimes the problem is caused by a faulty SATA cable, so that should also be checked.

Currently the drive is hard magnetic disks are the most popular electronic data storage device. It is used as in ours with you regular computers both laptops and servers.
Many of you have probably heard a different name for a hard drive. For example, HDD, screw or screw. And if the first abbreviation comes from the quite understandable hard disk drive(hard drive), then other expressions mean nothing to most. So, these abbreviations come from another slang name for a hard drive - “hard drive”. If you would be interested in finding out where this expression came from and who its author is, then read the article further.

The history of the second name of the hard drive

For most, a hard drive means a type of firearm, but not computer device. So why is a hard drive called a “Winchester” and where did it come from?

Historically, it was created by engineers of the IBM corporation and it also received the name hard drive from them. In 1973, when IBM developed a new drive model, the IBM-3340, engineers used its internal shorthand for ease of communication. working title"30-30". This name reflected internal organization disk. It consisted of two packages of disks in a maximum configuration of 30 megabytes each. IN models of hard The 3340 disk was the first to use read/write heads, which, due to aerodynamic forces arising from the speed of rotation of the disks, hovered above the surface, which significantly reduced the air gap between the head and the disk. Also, the disk platters and read heads were combined in one non-separable sealed housing, which eliminated any external influence and increased the reliability of the device. Well, the name “Winchester” (from the English Winchester) was given to the drive thanks to the project leader, Kenneth Haughton, who, during a routine discussion of what to call the hard drive, accidentally called it a hard drive.

This name turned out to be consonant with the very popular at that time hunting weapon Winchester Model 1894 using a cartridge marked .30-30 Winchester, which meant the caliber size in hundredths of an inch “.30” or 7.62 mm and the weight of gunpowder in grains “30” or 1.94 grams.

According to another version, the hard drive received this name only because of the cartridges themselves and the weapon had nothing to do with it.

Conclusion

One way or another, the second name for a hard drive – hard drive – has gone down in history and is still in common use, although sometimes it is shortened to the words “screw” or “vinch”. In Europe and the USA, the name “Winchester” fell out of use back in the 1990s, but in the Russian language it was preserved and received semi-official status.

Most likely with a massive arrival solid state drives, hard drives will no longer be called that and this slang name will become a thing of the past in our country, but this will not happen soon.

Hi all. Local disks- these are peculiar sections on hiding which I wrote in the article: . Usually there are two of them: C and D, but any user can create additional ones using auxiliary utilities. Let me talk about each of them separately, tell you which one is responsible for what, and you will also find out why you shouldn’t clog them with various junk data such as program installation files or damaged files.

Details about local disks?

Local drive C- this is the main one local partition on the computer, because it is in it that the Operating System and all the main programs are installed by default. Usually the disk is allocated 30 GB of memory for this, but as you can see, I have it almost full. Because at one time I was very fond of games and put everything in partition C. Therefore, if you install games on your computer, then install them in local drive D, or any other, otherwise very soon partition C will fill up and . Also, to save space, this method will free up disk memory.

Local drive D- most often, disk D is created in order to store on it: films, games, videos, photos or setup files programs. You probably thought, why do you need a local partition D if all this can be kept in partition C.

Let me give you an example: let's say you need to reinstall the Windows system; before reinstalling, you better format drive C in order to avoid subsequent problems with insufficient memory. But if it contains important files or documents, you will have to tinker with transferring them to the local partition D and only then can you start reinstalling. So it's best to move all important files to D.

I would like to note that when formatting C, drive D is not affected.

Conclusion: try not to litter section C. It’s best to move large files, such as: movies or games to another.

So my article has come to the end, you learned what local drives C and D are, as well as which of them is responsible for what and why you should not clog them.

I don’t know about you, but this question arose for me almost immediately after I found out that my computer had a hard drive.

So why is a hard drive called a hard drive?

Well, let’s first take a very brief look at what a hard drive actually is.

In Soviet terminology, a hard drive has a different name. At first glance, it is not very clear, but it more fully reflects the essence:

HDD - hard disk drive.

In foreign terminology, the abbreviation HDD is used - Hard Disc Drive.

What is a storage device? This is about the same as . That is, it is a kind of device that is capable of accumulating (storing) information.

But why on hard drives?

The fact is that this device is a package hard drives, which are fixed on one axis (approximately as vinyl records, only there are several disks in the hard drive).

These disks rotate, and a magnetic head moves between them, which reads and writes data to the disks.

Of course, these disks are not dimensionless and their number cannot be infinite. Therefore, no more than a certain amount of data can be written to one hard drive.

Once upon a time, a 1GB hard drive was a pipe dream for most users, as it cost hundreds and thousands of dollars.

And there were times when ordinary users Computers simply did not have hard drives - they booted from floppy disks and worked with floppy disks.

But why did they start calling the hard drive a hard drive?

According to one version, the name “hard drive” appeared thanks to IBM, which released the hard drive model 3340 in 1973. In this model, disk platters and read heads were combined for the first time in one one-piece case.

When developing this hard drive, engineers used a short internal name“30-30”, which meant two modules (in the maximum configuration) of 30 MB each. Kenneth Houghton, the project manager, in consonance with the designation of the popular hunting rifle “Winchester 30-30”, proposed calling this disc a “Winchester”.

That's how this term came about. In America and Europe it is practically no longer used, but in Russia it has taken root. Well, since people don’t like long words, we shortened the word “Winchester”. Therefore, among advanced users you may hear “vint”, “vinch” or even “broom” instead of “winchester”.

As you understand, hard disks- these are magnetized plates round shape. The magnetized layer is very thin. It may be damaged by various reasons: from dust/dirt getting inside, from heads hitting the disk, from old age due to physical wear, when the computer is turned off incorrectly, etc.

So the probability of data loss is quite high. And you must be prepared for this both morally and technically. Therefore, I recommend studying ways to recover data from a hard drive:

Why hard magnetic disk called a hard drive? June 24th, 2017

"Winchester" is a famous gun. In the USA it is called “the gun that conquered the Wild West.”

This was precisely a conquest. Regular units of the American army drove Indian tribes from their lands, capturing vast territories. The Indians were pushed into relatively small reservations. These wars, which entered American history under the name “Indian”, continued without interruption for more than a hundred years. But they were most intense in the mid-19th century.

The whites' assistants in this ignoble but profitable business were light multi-shot rifles. By that time they had acquired almost modern look. The history of the appearance of this weapon is a classic example of the development of complex technical device, which must perform several functions. Moreover, each of specified functions“pulls” this device in its direction.

The musket, the ancestor of the current rifle, was a kind of portable cannon. Like the guns of that time, it was loaded from the muzzle of the barrel. First, gunpowder was poured into the barrel and compacted, then a lead bullet wrapped in a rag or paper was hammered. To ignite the gunpowder in the breech, closer to the shooter, there was special device, which was a fire tube. Gunpowder was also poured into it, which was ignited with a spark at the moment of the shot. The spark appeared from a blow to the metal shelf of the trigger, at the end of which there was a flint. The hammer was cocked before firing. The entire loading process required a fair amount of time. A. S. Pushkin describes it in a short, flying verse, and even then he needed eight lines:

Now the pistols are flashing,

The hammer rattles against the ramrod.

Bullets go into the faceted barrel,

And the trigger clicked for the first time.

Here is gunpowder in a grayish stream

It's spilling onto the shelves. jagged,

Securely screwed flint

Still cocked.

Due to the fact that such reloading of a flintlock gun required too much time, a soldier armed with a gun actually fired one shot in battle. After this shot, the troops quickly converged. The main weapon now became a bayonet attached to the barrel. Hence, by the way, the teaching to the soldiers of Field Marshal A.V. Suvorov that “a bullet is a fool, a bayonet is a good man.” The bullet will either hit or not, but you’ll definitely stab the enemy with a bayonet.

The barrel of the gun was made long so that it would be convenient for them to operate during a bayonet attack. In addition, the long barrel increased the accuracy of the shot. But the trunk could not be made too long. It is no longer possible to manually pour gunpowder into a long barrel and hammer a bullet. That is why the same unforgettable A.V. Suvorov taught the soldiers: “Save the bullet for three days, and sometimes for a whole campaign, when there is nowhere to take it.”

The contradiction between the need, on the one hand, to have a long barrel and, on the other, to reduce loading time, was resolved by the creation of a single, unitary cartridge. The cartridges consisted of a cartridge case into which gunpowder was previously filled. On one side, a lead bullet was inserted into the cartridge, and on the other, a primer was inserted, which ignited the gunpowder in the cartridge after the trigger hit it. The cartridges were loaded from the breech of the barrel. As a result, the weapon's rate of fire increased dramatically. All that remained was to automate the reloading process.

In 1854 in America Horace Smith (HoraceSmith; 1808 - 1893) And Daniel Wesson (DanielWesson; 1825 - 1906) began producing the Volcanic reloadable pistol. The cartridges were placed in a tubular magazine under the barrel. To reload, you had to pull a special lever located next to the trigger. The pistol was produced at a plant in Vermont.

But production did not improve. Reloadable weapons were not yet reliable. The plant was suffering losses. It is quite possible that the Volcanic project would have shared the fate of several that preceded it. unsuccessful attempts start production of reloadable weapons. But then he appeared OliverF. Winchester; 1810 - 1880) . O. Winchester was engaged in the production of clothing. Seeing that Smith and Wesson was not doing well, he organized Joint-Stock Company, collected additional capital and bought their enterprise from the gunsmiths. In 1857, the plant moved to the town of New Haven in Connecticut and changed its name.

A brilliant engineer remained working at the plant Benjamin Henry (1821 - 1898), who knew the previous production very well. Thanks to Henry, the reloading mechanism was adapted for mass production and began to work reliably, without problems. In 1860, the plant began mass production of a reloadable rifle with a magazine capable of holding fifteen rounds, which was called the “Henry rifle.” Over six years, about 12 thousand of these rifles were produced.

Reloadable rifles were hardly used in the Civil War of 1861 - 1865 because they were considered not reliable enough. But immediately after the war they began to gain increasing popularity. In particular, as already mentioned, in the wars with the Indians, where Winchester shotguns and rifles were used on both sides. In addition, Winchesters were good hunting weapons.

Winchesters, as well as wide-brimmed cowboy hats, became an indispensable attribute of Westerns. The Winchester company developed special carbines for riders. These carbines were called “saddle” carbines because they had a ring on the left side of the receiver for securing the weapon to a special saddle hook. The cowboy could open fire without even dismounting. The light and fast-firing rifle made this fire effective.

After the death of Oliver Winchester, his son became the owner of the weapons company. William Wirt Winchester (1837 -1881). However, just a few months later, William died of tuberculosis. His wife, Sarah Winchester, was shocked by the death of her husband and the death of her daughter that happened shortly before. Believing in spiritualism, she decided that their family was cursed by the spirits of many people who were killed with a Winchester rifle. What to do to be saved? She went to California, settled in the city of San Jose and began building the Winchester Mystery House there. The house was indeed mysterious because it was supposed to attract the spirits of the dead and serve as a trap for them. Construction of the house was carried out continuously by a team of 13 carpenters until the death of the owner in 1922. The house plan was intricate. In total, it has 161 rooms, 2,000 doors, 10,000 windows, 6 kitchens, 3 elevators, 2 basements, 47 fireplaces and 47 staircases, some of which did not lead anywhere. There were 13 more bathrooms, the last of which has 13 windows and 13 stairs leading into it.

However, let us return from the world of riddles and secrets to the real world. Winchester's New Haven plant continued to operate. One of the most popular hunting rifles produced at this plant was the 1894 Winchester rifle, which was chambered in 30-30 caliber cartridges.

The 30-30 caliber cartridges turned out to be the first cartridges to use smokeless powder. Thanks to this, they were superior to all previous cartridges in most respects. Therefore, the 30-30 caliber Winchester rifle very quickly gained wide popularity.

American calibers were measured in hundredths of an inch. Anyone who is not too lazy to convert it into millimeters will receive the “magic” number of 7.62 millimeters, the caliber of the Kalashnikov AK-47 assault rifle.

The popularity of the weapon soon overshadowed the popularity of the inventor. As often happens, Oliver Winchester's surname became an eponym and turned into the name of a rifle.