Where is sks. Practice of application of standards for cable systems. Restoration work of SCS maintenance

Every office has computers, telephones, faxes, security alarm, video surveillance and other equipment necessary for the full functioning of the enterprise.

To ensure that all devices work smoothly and provide company employees with comfortable working conditions, they are combined into special cable systems– SCS and LAN. What are these concepts? What exactly are they used for and how do they differ from each other?

What is SKS?

SCS, or structured cabling system, is a complete set of wires and switching devices, allowing to bring together information services for various purposes. For better understanding, a simple example can be given. Often, different equipment in the same building is combined into separate cabling systems.

Computers and faxes are connected to each other by one cable, telephones by another, alarm systems by a third. Each system has its own sockets and wires, which are serviced by separate specialized teams.

Such arrangement of offices causes some inconvenience, especially in case of breakdowns, when the necessary team of craftsmen is not on site. If the building is equipped with SCS similar problems does not arise, since all the wires and sockets in the building are of the same type, that is, it does not matter at all which socket the telephone is plugged into, and which computer or video camera.

In other words, SCS is a universal cable network that ensures the sharing of all equipment.

What is SKS used for?

The main purpose of SCS is to create a flexible information infrastructure, which does not depend on the final media and covers the entire enterprise, connecting all points of data transmission media. As a rule, SCS has a single switching center to which all backbone subsystems from different floors converge.

Part structured system includes cables, receptacles, patch cords and panels that help securely manage the entire building cabling system, providing flexibility and ease of operation of all equipment.

What does LAN mean?

LAN, or local area network, is one of the elements of SCS and connects everything computer systems office. In simple terms, it is a group of personal computers and peripheral equipment, allowing you to decide information tasks enterprises and exchange data.

Its installation allows office employees to transfer to each other electronic documents, graphs, tables and other necessary information without using removable media.

Typically, a local network covers a small space (office, residential building, educational institution), although sometimes it is installed on a global scale. For example, orbital centers and space stations are also LANs.

Computers can be connected to each other different ways, but most often local networks are built on either Ethernet technologies. Previously, other protocols were widely used in enterprises, but now they are becoming less common.

Why do you need a LAN?

Installation of a LAN is determined, first of all, by the need sharing resources within one office. Resources include not only computers, but also modems, printers, scanners, hard disks and any other devices connected to a PC.

When installing a local network, employees have the opportunity to interactively connect with each other to send and receive messages, gain access to centralized installed programs, and also abandon separate information storage devices at each workplace.

What is the difference between LAN and SCS?

The difference between cable networks is that SCS is a more global concept, covering literally all the equipment in an enterprise - from computers and telephones to security and fire systems. SCS is capable of supporting a wide range of applications and ensuring the use of the same channel to transmit different signals.

A LAN, in contrast, is a separate network that connects only computer equipment. IN modern conditions it is organized on the basis of SCS.

Structured cabling system (SCS) is physical basis building infrastructure, which combines various network information services into a single complex.

Such services are:

Figure 1 - Structured building cabling system

Principles of construction of SCS

A structured cabling system ensures the transmission of signals of all types and is the basis of a local area network (LAN). A LAN connects phones, computers and other equipment. Each connection point provides access to all network resources. Therefore, at each workplace there are enough two lines - a computer and a telephone. These lines can be interchanged.

Below are the basic principles for constructing SCS.

Structuring

Cable wiring and its components are divided into separate subsystems. Each subsystem performs specific functions and communicates with other subsystems and network equipment. Each subsystem has switching capabilities that allow you to easily change the system configuration. When building a system can be used different kinds cable and switching equipment, depending on the conditions of a specific project.

Versatility

The cable system is built according to the principles open architecture With technical characteristics, defined in the standards. The parameters of electrical and optical cable routes of subsystems and their interfaces are specified in the regulatory documentation. Thus, the cabling system can be used to transmit signals for various applications using just two types of cables - twisted pair and fiber optics.

Switching of SCS subsystems with each other and with active network equipment is carried out a certain set cords with universal connectors, which makes it easier to administer the cable system and adapt it to various applications.

Redundancy

SCS provides for the possibility of expansion - its topology and equipment provide the opportunity to increase the number of connected equipment and the volume of traffic. All SCS equipment is selected with a reserve in terms of performance, if possible, installation additional modules and to expand functionality.

Reliability

Manufacturers of SCS guarantee the functionality and compliance of the cable system with standards throughout its entire service life. In the event of an accident in the SCS, the faulty section is quickly localized, a transition to the backup line is carried out, and renovation work. Restoration of the SCS operation is carried out without stopping the network operation by the SCS administrator, without the involvement of third-party specialists.

Flexibility

A functioning SCS provides the following capabilities without changing the cable system and without any additional costs:

modification of the software and hardware complex;
control the movement of users in the building;
change in the number of users;
dividing users into groups according to various characteristics.

Economical

Large initial investments in SCS quickly pay off due to lower costs for modification and support of telecommunications infrastructure. The service life of SCS is significantly longer than the life of other components information system(active network equipment, servers and personal computers, software, telephone exchanges And communication equipment etc.).

Durability

SCS will ensure a gradual transition to high-speed protocols that will work for the future by simply replacing active equipment, and no reconstruction of the cable system is required. The technological stock of characteristics and SCS standards guarantee that obsolescence cabling will not happen ahead of schedule when its system warranty ends (for most manufacturers it is 20 years).

SCS subsystems

SCS is a cable system of a building (group of buildings) hierarchical type, which consists of structural subsystems. Each subsystem performs its own functions and has a specific topology and composition of components. For each type of subsystem, the standards define requirements, restrictions and rules.

SCS cable subsystems:

Figure 2 - SCS subsystems

EDP - floor distribution point;

GRP - main distribution point;

PRP - intermediate distribution point.

Trunk subsystem of the first level

The trunk subsystem of the first level is located between the main distribution point and the intermediate distribution point, as well as between the main distribution point and the floor distribution point.

This subsystem includes:

Level I trunk cables;
distribution devices used for the trunk cable of the I level;
patch jumpers and cords that are used for switching at the main distribution point.

Trunk subsystem of level II

The intermediate distribution point divides the main SCS system into the main subsystem of the first level and the main subsystem of the second level.

This subsystem includes:

Level II trunk cables;
distribution devices used for the Level II backbone cable;
patch jumpers and cords that are used for switching at an intermediate distribution point.

Horizontal subsystem

The horizontal subsystem is located from distribution devices floor distribution point to telecommunications outlets.

This subsystem includes:

horizontal cables;
distribution devices used for horizontal cables;
switching jumpers and cords that are used for switching with the floor distribution point;
telecommunications outlets;
consolidation points.

SCS components

A structured cabling system is created during the construction of a building or refurbishment of premises and has a guaranteed service life of at least 10 years.

SCS includes the following equipment:

telecommunication cabinets;
server cabinets;
cables;
wire trays;
Column;
patch panels;
electric brushes;
connectors;
sockets (computer, telephone);
telephone plinths;
cross panels.

SCS architecture

There are two types of SCS architecture:

distributed;
centralized.

Distributed SCS

Distributed architecture Most often used for SCS of multi-storey buildings and building complexes. A distributed architecture can have one or two levels of hierarchy. In the first case, the main distribution point is connected to the floor distribution point using a cross. In the second case, the SCS consists of three subsystems: the main level I, the main level II and horizontal subsystems.

Figure 3 - Distributed SCS

Advantages of distributed architecture:

greater flexibility of SCS;
ease of expansion of the cable system;
ease of installation of the cable system.

Disadvantages of distributed architecture:

bulkiness of the cable system ( a large number of components);
large area of telecommunications premises;
complexity of control and security.

Centralized SCS

A centralized architecture can have one level of hierarchy without cross-connection horizontal or backbone subsystem or have no hierarchy levels at all and consist only of a horizontal subsystem.

Figure 4 - Centralized SCS

Advantages of centralized SCS architecture:

a small number of cable system components;
small area of telecommunications premises;
a small amount of active equipment;
lack of active and passive equipment for organizing a highway;
simplicity of organizing a redundancy system for active equipment.

Disadvantages of centralized SCS architecture:

a large amount of cable;
low flexibility of the cable system;
complexity of expanding SCS;
complexity of installation;
the difficulty of delimiting the area of responsibility in a telecommunications premises when renting a building by different organizations.

The abbreviation SKS stands for structured cabling system. According to the definition of standards, SCS is a universal telecommunications infrastructure of a building or complex of buildings, designed for transmitting signals of all types, including voice, information and video. SCS can be installed before the user requirements for data transfer speed are known and before the choice of network protocols.

The SCS framework recommended by the standards is: 50 - 50,000 users and up to 1,000,000 m2 of office space. SCS may not be built in the entire building, but on a separate floor or part of the floor occupied by a separate tenant.

The process of constructing SCS is regulated by the following standards:

EN 50173 - European standard
ISO 11801 - international standard
ANSI/EIA/TIA 568-B - American standard

Structured cabling systems provide long term services, combining ease of use, quality of data transmission and reliability. The implementation of SCS creates the basis for increasing the efficiency of the organization, reducing operating costs, improving interaction within the company and the quality of customer service.

SCS that meets the requirements of the standards has a number of advantages compared to separate information and telephone networks:

allows the transmission of speech and information signals;
ensures the operation of several generations of computers and network devices without the need to replace or upgrade the SCS;
involves the use of any standard network equipment;
implements a wide range of data transfer rates from 100 Kbps for speech applications to 10,000 Mbps for information applications;
allows you to reduce labor costs for network maintenance due to ease of operation and administration;
allows the simultaneous use of several different types of network protocols;
provides price reductions for standard structural elements and components;
allows for freedom of movement of users throughout the entire work area while maintaining access and personal data (addresses, internal and external telephone numbers, passwords, access rights, classes of service, etc.);
has greater reliability;
ensures transparency - thanks to documentation of the SCS, the organization’s work does not depend on an employee with exclusive knowledge of network connections.

In accordance with international standard ISO/IEC 11801 structured cabling system includes three subsystems:

main subsystem of the building complex;
main building subsystem;
horizontal subsystem.

The backbone subsystem of the building complex serves to connect the cable systems of the buildings. The main transmission medium is optical fiber (single-mode or multimode).

The backbone subsystem of the building connects the distribution points of the floors. For the backbone of the building, multimode optical fiber, multi-pair and four-pair twisted pair cables are used.

The horizontal subsystem includes distribution panels and patch cables of the floor distribution point, horizontal cables and telecommunications connectors. It ensures the unification of subsystem subscribers into shared network and access to backbone resources. The transmission medium of the horizontal subsystem is electrically conductive cables of category 5 and higher. The use of optical fiber is also allowed.

The SCS design procedure is a multi-stage process. The design of SCS can be divided into two stages - architectural and telecommunications. The main task of the architectural stage of SCS design is to prepare conditions and conduct surveys in the territories of the proposed facility in order to determine optimal options location of cable routes and SCS subsystems. At the telecommunications stage of SCS design, a calculation is made individual components specific SCS in accordance with the customer's needs.

Installation of SCS is a responsible procedure that determines the level technical parameters components of the cabling system and the duration of their compliance with the requirements of the standards. SCS installation work must be carried out by qualified specialists.

Below is a list standard work carried out during the installation of SCS:

Making through holes in walls and ceilings
Installation cable channels(cable ducts, baseboards, etc.)
Installing a cable tray system under a suspended ceiling
Laying trunk and horizontal cables
Connecting horizontal cables to socket modules
Assembly of telecommunication cabinets and racks
Connecting horizontal and trunk cables to switching equipment
Testing SCS lines
The final stage of SCS installation is putting the cable system into operation.

Even high quality installed system may lead to partial or complete inoperability network infrastructure due to hidden defects in system components that can only be detected by the results of special testing. During such testing, all SCS lines (or channels) are checked using a cable analyzer for compliance with the requirements of SCS standards. Testing against application requirements is also possible.

Team Computers provides a full range of testing and certification services for Category 5 and Category 6 structured cabling systems.

Testing is performed using a Fluke DTX-1800 Cable Analyzer from Fluke Networks.

Price finished system consists of the cost of the components and materials used, as well as the cost of design, installation and testing of the SCS.

To make a preliminary calculation of the cost of a specific project and receive a commercial offer, please contact our managers by phone 258-00-71 (in Moscow) or e-mail. This service, as a rule, is provided free of charge.

In preparing this article, materials from the site were used

The structured cabling system (SCS) is the fundamental basis throughout the entire existence of the information network. This is the basis on which the functioning of all applications depends (Fig. 81). A properly designed, installed and managed cabling system reduces costs for any organization at all phases of its life.

Rice. 81. Comparative indicators of the average lifetime of elements of a distributed information processing system

According to statistics, imperfect cabling systems are the cause of up to 70% of all information network downtime. Although cabling typically outlasts most other network components, its cost represents only 5% of the total investment in information network. Thus, using structured cabling systems is a very compelling way to invest in the productivity of any organization or company.

The cabling system is the longest-lived network component, outlasting only the building frame. A standards-based cabling system ensures long-term network performance and support for all numerical applications, providing a return on investment throughout its lifespan.

Hierarchy in the cable system

A structured cabling system (SCS) is a set of switching elements (cables, connectors, connectors, cross-connect panels and cabinets), as well as a technique for using them together, which allows you to create regular, easily expandable connection structures in computer networks.

A structured cabling system is a kind of “constructor” with the help of which the network designer builds the configuration he needs from standard cables connected by standard connectors and switched on standard cross-connect panels. If necessary, the connection configuration can be easily changed - add a computer, segment, switch, remove unnecessary equipment, and also change connections between computers and hubs.

When building a structured cabling system, it is assumed that every workplace in the enterprise must be equipped with sockets for connecting a telephone and computer, even if this is not currently required. That is, a good structured cabling system is built redundant. This can save money in the future, since changes in the connection of new devices can be made by reconnecting already laid cables.

A structured cabling system is planned and built hierarchically, with a main trunk and numerous branches from it (Fig. 82).

Rice. 82. Hierarchy of a structured cabling system

This system can be built on the basis of existing modern telephone cable systems, in which cables, which are a set of twisted pairs, are laid in each building, routed between floors, on each floor a special cross-connect cabinet is used, from which wires in pipes and ducts are brought to each room and have sockets. Unfortunately, in our country, not even all newly built buildings have telephone lines laid with twisted pairs, so they are unsuitable for creating computer networks, and in this case the cable system must be built anew.

A typical hierarchical structure of a structured cabling system (Figure 83) includes:

horizontal subsystems (within a floor);

vertical subsystems (inside the building);

campus subsystem (within one territory with several buildings).

Rice. 83. Structure of cable subsystems

The horizontal subsystem connects the floor's cross-connect cabinet to the users' sockets. Subsystems of this type correspond to the floors of the building. The vertical subsystem connects the cross-connect cabinets of each floor with the central equipment room of the building. The next step in the hierarchy is the campus subsystem, which connects several buildings to the main control room of the entire campus. This part of the cabling system is usually called the backbone.

Using a structured cabling system instead of haphazardly routed cables provides many benefits to a business.

Versatility. A structured cabling system with thoughtful organization can become common environment for transmitting computer data in a local computer network, organizing a local telephone network, transmitting video information and even transmitting signals from sensors fire safety or security systems. This allows you to automate many processes of control, monitoring and management of business services and life support systems of the enterprise.

Increased service life. The obsolescence of a well-structured cabling system can be 15 years.

Reduce the cost of adding new users and changing their placements. It is known that the cost of a cable system is significant and is determined mainly not by the cost of the cable, but by the cost of laying it. Therefore, it is more profitable to carry out a one-time cable laying job, possibly with large supply in length, rather than having to lay it several times, increasing the length of the cable. With this approach, all work on adding or moving a user is reduced to connecting the computer to an existing outlet.

Possibility of easy network expansion. The structured cabling system is modular and therefore easy to expand. For example, a new subnet can be added to a trunk without having any impact on existing subnets. You can change the cable type on a specific subnet independently of the rest of the network. Structured cabling is the basis for dividing the network into easily manageable logical segments, since it itself is already divided into physical segments.

Providing more efficient service. A structured cabling system makes maintenance and troubleshooting easier than a bus cabling system. With a bus-based cable system, the failure of one of the devices or connecting elements leads to a difficult-to-localize failure of the entire network. In structured cabling systems, the failure of one segment does not affect the others, since the segments are combined using hubs. Concentrators diagnose and localize the faulty area.

Reliability. A structured cabling system has increased reliability because the manufacturer of such a system guarantees not only the quality of its individual components, but also their compatibility.

The first structured cabling system to have all the modern features of this type of system was the SYSTIMAX SCS system from Lucent Technologies (formerly a division of AT&T). And today Lucent Technologies owns the major share of the global market. Many other companies also produce high-quality structured cabling systems, such as AMP, BICC Brand-Rex, Siemens, Alcatel, MOD-TAP.

Structured cabling system (SCS) is the basis of any information structure enterprises and allows you to bring together many information services having various purposes(telephone and local area networks, security system networks and access management and control systems,video surveillance and much more) in one unified system.

What is SCS?

SCS is a cable hierarchical system building or group of buildings and consisting of structural subsystems. The SCS includes a set of optical and copper cables, patch cords, cross-panels, modular sockets, cable connectors, auxiliary equipment and information sockets. All these elements are integrated into a single system and operated in accordance with certain standards and rules.

Structured

Any combination or set of dependent and related constituent parts is called a structure. And the term “structured” means:

- Ability to support the system various applications telecommunications, such as data, voice and video;
- Ability to apply various components and products from different manufacturers;
- Ability to implement multimedia environments that use several various types transmission media, such as STP, UTP, coaxial cable and optical fiber.

The structure of the entire cable system is determined by the infrastructure information technologies(IT = Information Technology). The content of a specific cable system project depends on it in accordance with the needs end user, regardless of the active equipment that may subsequently be used.

Cable system

A system whose elements are components and cables, and which are connected to a cable, is called a cable system. All passive switching equipment of cable components serves to connect or physically terminate (terminate) the cable:

Couplings and spices;
Switching (“patch panels”) and cross-connect panels in telecommunications premises;
Telecommunication sockets at workplaces

SCS standards and categories

On this moment There are 3 main standards in the field of SCS:

American standard – EIA/TIA-568С Commercial Building Telecommunications Wiring Standard
European standard – CENELEC EN 50173 Information Technology. Generic cabling systems
The international standard is ISO/IEC IS 11801-2002 Information Technology. Generic cabling for customer premises

The EIA/TIA-568C standard for cable lines and components includes the following categories:

Category 3, allowing signal transmission in the band up to 16 MHz
Category 5e, having a frequency band up to 100 MHz
Category 6A, with a frequency band up to 500 MHz

ISO 11801-2002 and EN 50173 standards define the following classes with individual parameters bandwidth for cable lines:

C, up to 16 MHz
D, up to 100 MHz
E, up to 250 MHz
E(A), up to 500 MHz
F(A), up to 600 MHz

Technical level of current standards element base allows and guarantees the performance of the installed cable system for more than 10 years.

Any SCS project must meet the requirements of the standards

In general, the SCS project must meet the requirements (not all at the same time) of national or local standards (EIA/TIA-568C and/or ISO/IEC 11801-2002, EIA/TIA-569A, EIA/TIA-606A).

Starting from 01/01/2010, on the territory Russian Federation, the following GOSTs apply:

53246-2008 – defines general requirement to all main SCS nodes
53245-2008 – defines the test method

Both of these standards have errors and typos, so you should use them carefully.

Applications supported by the cable system must be approved by any of these organizations:

International Organization for Standardization (ISO),
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Forum,
Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineers (IEEE),
American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

The cabling infrastructure must meet the requirements of ANSI TIA/EIA-568C and ANSI TIA/EIA-569 standards.

A properly built and designed local network is not only a guarantee reliable operation office, but also an excellent investment. A modern structured cabling network (SCN) makes it easy to connect a variety of equipment to it; it can be easily modified and expanded at very low operating costs. Properly selected active network components (routers, switches, firewalls, access points, etc.) can do the job computer network as reliable and information-secure as possible.
Our company has been designing and installing for more than 8 years local networks and accumulated experience coupled with close cooperation with leading manufacturers of SCS and computer equipment allows us to offer our consumers excellent solutions for organizing computer networks. Today we offer:

Design, installation and maintenance of SCS of the 5th and 6th categories. – taking into account in detail the capabilities and needs of the customer, the specifics of the premises and the architecture of the buildings, we are ready to build the optimal SCS for your needs.
The entire complex of low-current systems united by a single structured cable network- TV, telephony, video surveillance, monitoring and dispatching systems, video surveillance and security.
At the request of the customer, SCS can be made in closed or open wiring, using cable systems from leading manufacturers DKS, Legran, NEXANS
Delivery, placement and configuration of active network equipment - on time, with a maximum guarantee and on a turnkey basis. All equipment we supply passes pre-setting and testing at the company’s technical sites. This approach allows us to reduce the time required for installation and configuration of equipment at the customer’s premises and at the same time gives us and our clients confidence in the quality and reliability of the supplied systems.
Construction territorial networks– using ADSL technologies via copper wire or GePON via optical channel. The optimality of this approach for organizing networks in an office building or cottage community has been confirmed by domestic and foreign practice.
Modern systems for solving typical office network problems:
- Telephony for the office - both based on the classical approach and including IP telephony.
- Ensuring the functioning of working groups - based on thin clients or NComputing terminal solutions
- Information storage and backup systems – NAS network disk arrays capacity up to 18TB
- Combining geographically dispersed networks into a single system - according to public networks on VPN based or using special crypto equipment or separating additional channels communications.
- Connecting remote subscribers and home workers -
Unique projects - to fully satisfy the customer’s needs, we are ready to work out and implement projects of almost any complexity. We have sufficient experience, necessary personnel and resources to solve specific problems. If necessary, we have the opportunity to attract leading industry experts and employees of equipment manufacturing companies.

In our work, we primarily focus on long-term cooperation with our clients, and the systems we supply have full warranty and post-warranty service.