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Modeling 3D objects in the program. Three-dimensional models from photographs

Modern industry and design impossible to imagine without 3D modeling. Before starting production, it is necessary build 3D model of the object, and, using rapid prototyping technology create her prototype. This is necessary in order to evaluate the ergonomics of the future product(for example, you need make a part body or a car prototype). In addition, the production of a prototype can be one of the stages - on the way to creating a casting mold- For small-scale production or release trial series of products.

3D modeling- a type of computer graphics that combines various kinds of software and hardware tools for creating three-dimensional models of objects. 3D modeling and visualization widely used in industrial design And engineering. WITH using 3D modeling are being created volumetric graphic objects, through rendering(placing a 3D model on the required background - to visualize the object in the environment) acquire maximum photorealism.

With the help of technology 3D modeling Can recreate objects from drawings and/or from photographs. It is worth noting that there are many software methods (programs) for creating pseudo-3D models based on photographs.

We're talking about building an accurate 3D model from a photograph, an experienced specialist from KOLORO company. It is worth noting that a professional 3D designer must have not only skills in working with graphic programs, but also special technical education. This is a guarantee that the three-dimensional model he built will be not just beautiful, but completely meeting technical requirements, nominated for this category of objects.


So, the following can be used as a basis for creating a 3D model:

  • photos;
  • blueprints;
  • 3D scanner (3D scanning results);
  • real object (3D model created from a point cloud);
  • verbal description of the required object;
  • drawing (or sketch) of an object by hand;

The drawings act as template images. In order to create a 3D model from drawings, you need to have three drawings of the object - front, top and side, and ideally also the back.

Requirements for drawings:

  • indication of all dimensions (thickness of partitions, dimensions of planes, internal components of the object, etc.);
  • correct location of all objects relative to the coordinate axis;
  • understandability;
  • an indication of the material from which the object will be made.


It is advisable to attach the following information to the drawings:

  • way to create a prototype(3D printing, milling, molding, combined prototyping method);
  • required method of making an object, guaranteeing high quality future product.

If the drawing does not meet the required industry standards, KOLORO will carry out additional work to standardize the product. Taking into account the client’s wishes, our specialists:

  • conduct the necessary research;
  • will understand your problem and offer a solution;
  • will create a drawing that meets necessary standards;
  • will create a 3D model of an object based on its drawing.

3D modeling from photography

3D modeling from photography called photogrammetry. Let us remind you that there are many “amateur” programs that create 3D models from photographs, but, in most cases, such programs build a pseudo-3D image.

High-quality 3D model can only be built in a professional program for working with 3D graphics. At the same time, as in the case with 3D modeling according to drawings, we need to have an image of at least three sides of the object: top, side and front views.

3D modeling from photography is used when:

  • drawings of the object are lost or do not exist;
  • it is necessary to create a 3D model of a person;
  • in some other cases, when photographic similarity of the model to the original is necessary.

3D scanning

Modern 3D scanners allow for 3D scanning of an object any size and shape. Laser 3D scanners, based on the data received, they themselves build 3D model of the object. And, subsequently, the resulting three-dimensional image is painstakingly refined by a 3D designer.

Such 3D modeling method is one of the most economically beneficial, after all time and technical costs to create a 3D model in this case - minimal. This method can be used for both creating a 3D model small object (for example, creating a bottle design), and for 3D modeling large objects (for example, architectural 3D modeling).


3D modeling based on a real object

Often this 3D modeling method applies in case of absence 3D scanner and the inability to do high-quality photograph object. The object itself, in this case, must be small in size and transportable, because the engineer will have to work directly with the object - move and move it, and, if necessary, disassemble the object into separate parts.


Many different applications are used to create computer graphics. Conventionally, they can be divided into the following groups:

  • Programs for digital sculpting (Pixologic ZBrush, Autodesk Mudbox).
  • Game engines (Unreal Engine 4, Unity 5, CryEngine 3).
  • Highly specialized applications, “tailored” for specific tasks(animation of liquids - RealFlow, creation of textures - Mari, etc.).
  • Universal 3D editors (Cinema 4D, 3Ds Max, Maya, Houidini, etc.).

We will analyze the first three groups in the following articles. And today we offer a review of universal 3D editors (Full 3D Suites).

Universal 3D editors, usually contain everything you need for CG: modeling, animation and rendering tools.

To the questions: “Which package is the best? What to choose?" there are no right answers. The choice of tool depends on many factors: the personal preferences of the CG artist, goals, financial capabilities, etc.

  • program functionality;
  • ease of use (intuitive interface, etc.);
  • availability, price.

Most specialists use several programs at once in their work: some things are easier and faster to do in third party applications(detailing, post-processing, simulation, etc.). So don't limit yourself to just one package. Moreover, the choice of tools today is simply huge.

The most popular 3D packages:

3 Ds Max

3Ds Max- a “pioneer” among 3D editors, a very popular tool, No. 1 of choice for many beginners and advanced professionals. Occupies leading positions in the field of design and architectural visualization. Often used in the gaming industry.

Possibilities:

  • modeling based on polygons, splines and NURBS,
  • powerful particle system,
  • hair/wool module,
  • extended Shader FX shaders,
  • Support for new and improved Iray and mental ray engines.
  • crowd animation,
  • import from Revit and SketchUp,
  • compositing integration.

And much more.

Pros: Huge functionality, lots of plugins and training information.

Minuses: not so easy to learn, the “old-timer” requires serious updates.

Autodesk Maya

Maya- industry standard for 3D graphics in film and television. Maya is popular among major studios and large-scale projects in advertising, cinema, gaming industry. The package is ideal for creating animation.

Possibilities:

  • a complete set of tools for NURBS and polygon modeling;
  • powerful general and character animation tools;
  • developed particle system;
  • Maya Fur technology (creation of fur, hair, grass);
  • Maya Fluid Effects technology (modeling of liquids, atmosphere);
  • a wide range of tools for creating dynamic special effects;
  • UV textures, normals and color coding;
  • multiprocessor flexible rendering.

Pros: Huge functionality and capabilities.

Minuses: long and complex training, high requirements for the system, high price.

Cinema 4 D

Cinema 4 D- one of the best and most convenient 3D packages today. Huge functionality: from modeling, animation, effects to “sculpting” and the BodyPaint 3D module. It has a clearer and more convenient interface than 3Ds Max and Maya. Widely used in motion design, film industry and advertising.

Possibilities:

  • polygonal and NURBS modeling;
  • BodyPaint 3D (module for creating UV scans and texture maps);
  • generation and animation of objects;
  • character animation;
  • dynamics of soft and hard bodies;
  • module for creating realistic hair;
  • Thinking Particles particle system;
  • good built-in visualizer.

Pros: ease of learning, intuitive interface, excellent functionality, lots of training materials, close connection with Adobe After Effects, Houdini, etc.

Minuses: undebugged system for transition between versions.

Modo

Modo- a complete product for modeling, drawing, animation and visualization. Also includes sculpting and texture painting tools. Thanks to its ease of use and high performance, Modo has a reputation as one of the fastest modeling tools. Modo is popular in advertising, game development, special effects and architectural visualization.

Possibilities:

  • polygonal and SDS modeling;
  • modern instruments animations;
  • dynamics of hard and soft bodies;
  • drawing system;
  • Fur material for creating hair, grass and fur;
  • modeling tools;
  • fast and high-quality visualization.

Pros: powerful and understandable tools, high performance.

Minuses: not enough information.

Side Effects Houdini

Houdini- a powerful professional package for working with 3D graphics, it is based on a procedural, node-based system. Houdini is ideal for creating complex dynamics, simulations: particles, liquids, smoke, fire, simulating natural phenomena, etc. And also this great tool to create impressive visual effects. The main application area for Houdini is the film industry.

Possibilities:

  • polygonal and NURBS modeling,
  • animation (key, procedural),
  • character animation,
  • particle system,
  • dynamics of solid and soft bodies, fabrics, wool/hair, gases and liquids,
  • work with surround sound,
  • powerful render engine Mantra,
  • Built-in compositing tool.

Pros: high-quality special effects and animation.

Minuses: little information, high price.

Softimage

Softimage(Autodesk Softimage, formerly Softimage/XSI) is a program for 3D animation and visual effects creation in the game industry, film and television.

Softimage had one of the most best systems animation. Thanks to unique system ICE (Interactive Creative Environment - a visual programming platform based on nodes) package offered wide functionality, flexibility, high performance and quality.

Possibilities:

  • powerful polygonal and procedural modeling in the ICE environment;
  • physics and dynamics of particles and geometry;
  • nonlinear animation;
  • Autodesk Face Robot facial animation tools;
  • built-in MentalRay.

In 2008, Autodesk bought Softimage from Avid for $35 million. In 2015, Autodesk announced it would stop selling licenses for Softimage and actually got rid of one of the strongest players on the market. The official website suggests switching to 3Ds Max or Maya.

LightWave

Lightwave 3D- a tool for 3D animation and visual effects from NewNek. It has long been an industry standard in film and television.

The new and improved LightWave 2015 suite offers a wealth of capabilities, from motion modeling, character animation, visual effects to game development and architectural rendering.

Possibilities:

  • intuitive dual interface (modeler and layout);
  • powerful polygonal modeling;
  • developed animation system;
  • particle system;
  • Genoma 2 character equipment system;
  • improved rendering;
  • interactive dynamic inheritance (Interactive Dynamic Parenting);
  • flexible Bullet Dynamics system;

Pros: Huge functionality, convenient dual interface.

Minuses: not so popular in our country and the CIS countries, there is little information.

Blender

The only free 3D package on the list that is almost as functional as paid applications. Blender includes tools for 3D modeling, animation, and a set of options for creating games, visual effects, and sculpting. An excellent alternative to the “monsters” of 3D animation. Thanks to the support of the Blender Foundation, the program is developing very quickly and steadily.

Possibilities:

  • polygonal modeling, splines, NURBS curves and surfaces;
  • sculpting mode;
  • particle system;
  • dynamics of solid and soft bodies: liquid, wool/hair, etc.;
  • skeletal animation;
  • built-in rendering engines and integration with third-party visualizers;
  • video editor;
  • functions for creating games and applications (Game Blender).

Pros: availability, open source, cross-platform, small size (about 50 megabytes), wide functionality, ability to create games.

Minuses: lack of documentation in the basic package.

So, in short:

  • 3Ds Max- computer games, interiors, visualization.
  • Maya- animation, film industry, television, music videos.
  • Cinema 4D- special effects in film and television, motion design, advertising.
  • Modo- advertising, games, special effects in films.
  • Houdini- visual programming, special effects in cinema.
  • Softimage- animation and special effects in cinema, television, games.
  • LightWave- special effects in cinema and television.
  • Blender- character animation, game creation.

In conclusion, I would like to note: a 3D editor is just a tool, the potential of which can only be revealed by the designer himself, the CG artist. Once you have fully mastered one package, learning others will not be difficult.

Good luck in your studies and work!

People often ask me: how do you make models? Do you have a scanner? Or is it necessary to make models?

I answer - I don’t have a scanner.
Why? Because it's expensive.
Or let’s say that what is available produces such a number of artifacts that simpler model do it yourself.

There are more serious devices, but they also cost more money, which you will never recoup in your 3D printing studio. All this information was obtained from numerous reviews of people who have and work with scanners.

In this case, we are talking specifically about scanning simple parts for repetition. If we're talking about about decorative things - various figurines, etc., then not everything is so simple. Usually, accuracy is not as important there as in details and many artifacts can be used to benefit the matter. “This is not a bug - it’s a feature” (c) William Gates.

What then to do with the details?

In most cases, functional parts consist of several primitives that can be repeated and measured using a regular caliper.

I’ll make a reservation right away NOT ALL you can do this.
But most of the details are possible.

Let's take, for example, this detail. Not the easiest option to repeat. Problems arise when printing in one go, of a strength nature. Actually, this part was left to me from a customer who was not satisfied with the final price - it was too expensive.

Here's how to measure the main dimensions of a part. During the measurement process, we immediately build a model in a 3D editor.
In which? Which one do you know?

For beginners, I recommend the online editor tinkercad.com. It is optimized for designing models for 3D printing. It's simple and fast.

That's it, we have made the model. Although it took some effort. Ultimately, your customer pays for this.

If you don't care at all. Well... Guys, you can always outsource what you don’t know how to do. There are a lot of students and others. Technicians who will make you a model for a small fee.

All is well - the customer is satisfied with the completed order.

You printed it and paid the technician with part of his money.

He is also happy - you gave him a job and money.

PS. Photos of details and measurements are given as an example. There is no need to discuss it.) Laziness large quantity insert photo here... The rest are in my group, but not all of them. A few more measurements need to be taken. And the printing of such a part itself is non-trivial due to its strength characteristics.

Get more clients and don’t create problems in your mind out of the blue. Everything can be easily resolved.

3D modeling and visualization are necessary when manufacturing products or their packaging, as well as when creating product prototypes and creating 3D animation.

Thus, 3D modeling and visualization services are provided when:

  • an assessment of the physical and technical features of the product is necessary even before it is created in its original size, material and configuration;
  • it is necessary to create a 3D model of the future interior.

In such cases, you will definitely have to resort to the services of specialists in the field of 3D modeling and visualization.

3D models- an integral component of high-quality presentations and technical documentation, as well as the basis for creating a prototype of the product. The peculiarity of our company is the ability to carry out a full cycle of work to create a realistic 3D object: from modeling to prototyping. Since all work can be carried out in a complex, this significantly reduces the time and costs of searching for performers and setting new technical specifications.

If we are talking about a product, we will help you release a trial series and set up further production, small-scale or industrial scale.

Definition of the concepts “3D modeling” and “visualization”

3D graphics or 3D modeling - computer graphics, which combines the techniques and tools necessary to create three-dimensional objects in techdimensional space.

Techniques should be understood as methods of forming three-dimensional graphic object- calculation of its parameters, drawing of a “skeleton” or a three-dimensional non-detailed form; extrusion, extension and cutting of parts, etc.

And under the tools are professional 3D modeling programs. First of all - SolidWork, ProEngineering, 3DMAX, as well as some other programs for volumetric visualization of objects and space.

Volume rendering is the creation of a two-dimensional raster image based on the constructed 3D model. At its core, this is the most realistic image of a three-dimensional graphic object.

Applications of 3D modeling:

  • Advertising and Marketing

Three-dimensional graphics are indispensable for the presentation of a future product. In order to start production, you need to draw and then create a 3D model of the object. And, based on the 3D model, using rapid prototyping technologies (3D printing, milling, silicone mold casting, etc.), a realistic prototype (sample) of the future product is created.

After rendering (3D visualization), the resulting image can be used when developing packaging design or when creating outdoor advertising, POS materials and exhibition stand design.

  • Urban planning

By using 3D graphics the most realistic modeling of urban architecture and landscapes is achieved - with minimal costs. Visualization of building architecture and landscape design allows investors and architects to experience the effect of presence in the designed space. This allows you to objectively assess the merits of the project and eliminate the shortcomings.

  • Industry

Modern production cannot be imagined without pre-production modeling of products. With the advent of 3D technologies, manufacturers have the opportunity to significantly save materials and reduce financial costs for engineering design. Using 3D modeling, graphic designers create three-dimensional images of parts and objects, which can later be used to create molds and prototypes of the object.

  • Computer games

3D technology has been used in the creation of computer games for more than ten years. In professional programs, experienced specialists manually draw three-dimensional landscapes, models of characters, animate created 3D objects and characters, and also create concept art (concept designs).

  • Cinema

The entire modern film industry is focused on cinema in 3D format. For such filming, special cameras are used that can shoot in 3D format. In addition, using 3D graphics for the film industry, individual objects and complete landscapes.

  • Architecture and interior design

The technology of 3D modeling in architecture has long proven itself to be the best. Today, creating a three-dimensional model of a building is an indispensable design attribute. Based on the 3D model, you can create a building prototype. Moreover, both a prototype, repeating only the general outlines of the building, and a detailed prefabricated model of the future structure.+

As for interior design, using 3D modeling technology, the customer can see what his home will look like or office space after repairs.

  • Animation

Using 3D graphics, you can create an animated character, “make” him move, and also, by designing complex animation scenes, create a full-fledged animated video.

Stages of developing a 3D model

The development of a 3D model is carried out in several stages:

1. Modeling or creating model geometry

We are talking about creating a three-dimensional geometric model, without taking into account the physical properties of the object. The following techniques are used:

  • extrusion;
  • modifiers;
  • polygonal modeling;
  • rotation.

2. Texturing an object

The level of realism of the future model directly depends on the choice of materials when creating textures. Professional programs for working with three-dimensional graphics, there are practically no limitations in the possibilities for creating realistic images.

3. Setting up light and observation point

One of the most difficult stages when creating a 3D model. After all, the realistic perception of the image directly depends on the choice of light tone, brightness level, sharpness and depth of shadows. In addition, it is necessary to select an observation point for the object. This can be a bird's eye view or scaling the space to achieve the effect of being present in it - by choosing a view of the object from a height of human height.+

4. 3D visualization or rendering

The final stage of 3D modeling. It consists of detailing the display settings of the 3D model. That is, adding graphic special effects such as glare, fog, shine, etc. In the case of video rendering, the exact parameters of 3D animation of characters, details, landscapes, etc. are determined. (time of color changes, glow, etc.).

At the same stage, the visualization settings are detailed: select required quantity frames per second and expansion of the resulting video (for example, DivX, AVI, Cinepak, Indeo, MPEG-1, MPEG-4, MPEG-2, WMV, etc.). If necessary, obtain a two-dimensional raster image, the format and resolution of the image are determined, mainly JPEG, TIFF or RAW.

5. Post-production

Processing captured images and videos using media editors - Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Premier Pro (or Final Cut Pro/ Sony Vegas), GarageBand, Imovie, Adobe After Effects Pro, Adobe Illustrator, Samplitude, SoundForge, Wavelab, etc.

Post-production consists of giving original visual effects to media files, the purpose of which is to excite the consciousness of a potential consumer: to impress, arouse interest and be remembered for a long time!

3D modeling in foundry

In foundry production, 3D modeling is gradually becoming an indispensable technological component of the product creation process. If we are talking about casting into metal molds, then 3D models of such molds are created using 3D modeling technologies, as well as 3D prototyping.

But casting in silicone molds is gaining no less popularity today. In this case, 3D modeling and visualization will help you create a prototype of an object, on the basis of which a mold will be made from silicone or other material (wood, polyurethane, aluminum, etc.).

3D visualization methods (rendering)

1. Rasterization.

One of the most simple methods rendering. When using it, additional visual effects(for example, the color and shadow of an object relative to the observation point).

2. Raycasting.

The 3D model is viewed from a certain, predetermined point - from a height of human height, bird's eye view, etc. Rays are sent from the observation point that determine the light and shade of the object when it is viewed in the usual 2D format.

3. Ray tracing.

This rendering method means that when it hits a surface, the ray is divided into three components: reflected, shadow and refracted. This actually forms the color of the pixel. In addition, the realism of the image directly depends on the number of divisions.

4. Path tracing.

One of the most complex 3D visualization methods. When using this 3D rendering method, the propagation of light rays is as close as possible to the physical laws of light propagation. This is what ensures the high realism of the final image. It is worth noting that this method is resource intensive.

Our company will provide you with a full range of services in the field of 3D modeling and visualization. We have all the technical capabilities to create 3D models of varying complexity. We also have extensive experience in 3D visualization and modeling, which you can personally verify by studying our portfolio, or our other works not yet presented on the site (upon request).

Brand agency KOLORO will provide you with services for the production of a trial series of products or its small-scale production. To do this, our specialists will create the most realistic 3D model of the object you need (packaging, logo, character, 3D sample of any product, casting mold, etc.), on the basis of which a prototype of the product will be created. The cost of our work directly depends on the complexity of the 3D modeling object and is discussed individually.

Ordinary photographs, no matter how good they are, will never provide an opportunity to clearly imagine the objects being demonstrated, since, for example, the product shown on them cannot be rotated and seen from the reverse side. Another thing is three-dimensional representations of objects - models that allow you to view an object from all sides. Such three-dimensional models are indispensable for demonstrating products offered by companies in interactive product catalogs published on websites, in online stores or attached to corporate presentations - here the models allow the buyer to obtain the most complete information about the product. No less often, interactive three-dimensional models are used in encyclopedias and educational programs, where they provide a visual representation of a particular object, condition, substance, etc. However, the list of areas where 3D models are used, of course, does not end there - they are necessary when developing various construction projects, carrying out restoration work, creating new models of cars and aircraft, and are absolutely irreplaceable in computer games and animations.

In most cases, 3D models are built from scratch in appropriate 3D modeling programs. This method of creation is very labor-intensive and requires considerable knowledge, since it is necessary to build a wireframe representation of the model, then apply specially created materials to the digital frame and last stage create the illusion of volume by manipulating shadows and light. It is much faster and easier to create models without clean slate, and based on photographs using special software that can perform some operations automatically, analyzing the two-dimensional information presented in the photographs and creating possible variant volumetric model - this allows you to significantly speed up the development process. True, not every model can be built in this way, but for a number of areas this option generation of models opens up very broad prospects.

Classes of programs for creating three-dimensional models from photographs

Theoretically, there are two approaches that provide three-dimensional models of objects based on ordinary two-dimensional images. The first allows you to create so-called pseudo-three-dimensional models - they have the illusion of volume, but in reality they are not three-dimensional. This approach in most cases, it is implemented by stitching photographs with special stitching programs into 360-degree panoramas and is actually used when creating all-round views, when rotating an object around its axis allows you to get a fairly complete picture of it appearance. 360-degree reviews are widely used on the Internet, where they add interactivity to web pages, and are absolutely indispensable in interactive catalogs, and are also used in interactive presentations, encyclopedias, educational programs and so on.

The second approach produces true 3D models that can be exported to popular 3D formats and further processed in 3D modeling programs. If desired, such models can usually be exported to a Java Applet for viewing in Internet browsers.

In both cases, the basis of the models is a set of photographs (the number of photographs, as a rule, is at least eight and depends on the software used and the desired result), and the process of creating them can be divided into two stages: directly photographing the object and generating the model. Shooting an object for a model is a very labor-intensive and extremely responsible process, since the quality of the model will directly depend on its results. To obtain high-quality models, you should adhere to a number of rules:

  • the camera must be installed in such a way that, with the selected aperture, all frames in the series are in focus - it is best if the camera is always in the center of the circle being photographed; in this case, during shooting, the object must rotate around the camera;
  • if the object cannot rotate around the camera (for example, when shooting a house, car, etc.), then the camera must rotate, which is more difficult, since you need to strictly maintain the distance from the camera to the object; in addition, in this case, shooting should be carried out early in the morning or late in the evening, when the difference between the characteristics of the lighting of the object at different camera positions is minimal;
  • the tripod head must be equipped with “levels”, which are designed for strict positioning of the camera in space; For all three shots, camera synchronization in the horizontal and vertical planes is required (the camera is aligned using “levels”);
  • the angles of circular rotation of the camera must be strictly the same, which is regulated by the turn signal scale;
  • the object being photographed (if possible) should be located on a plain background - such a background is then much easier to remove, since background image not required for 3D models;
  • the created images must be saved in one of the popular graphic formats, for example jpg (it is supported by any software); all images must have the same height and width and must be numbered sequentially;
  • If it is intended to obtain real three-dimensional models, then for shooting it is often necessary to place the object in the center of a special calibration stand, which is an ordinary White list paper with certain markings (this is necessary for normal recognition of the object by the program); In this case, a version of such a calibration stand is always given in the documentation for the program.

Pseudo-3D models can theoretically be obtained in any package for creating virtual tours from panoramic photographs, since they represent special option virtual tour, during which a 360-degree panorama is rotated. However, it is more convenient and faster to get them in more highly specialized applications, such as 360 Degrees Of Freedom 360.3D, 3D Photo Builder Professional, Easypano Modelweaver, etc. Generating pseudo-3D models in their environment is a fairly fast, simple process and does not require any special training. Moreover, such packages may provide certain possibilities for automating the process, which is important since the number of models, for example for interactive catalogs, is quite large.

True 3D models are created in a completely different way: using special built-in algorithms, applications convert the 2D information contained in photographs into precisely calculated 3D points, lines and planes, generate a polygonal model, and then texturize it. At the same time, not all operations are carried out by programs in a fully automatic mode - often the connection of the user is required, who may have to participate in one or another stage of modeling - in masking and removing the background, forming the model frame and / or its texturing. That's why this process You can’t call it fast, although in general the time required to generate a 3D model in this way is an order of magnitude less than with conventional 3D modeling. Among solutions of this kind, the most interesting to us are the 3D Software Object Modeller, PhotoModeler, D Sculptor and REALVIZ ImageModeler packages.

Programs for creating pseudo-3D models

Developer: 360 Degrees Of Freedom

Distribution method: shareware (demo version that adds a watermark - http://www.360dof.com/survey/survey.php?dl=3603dproject)

Price: 360.3D Lite - $69, 360.3D Project - $199

Work under control: Windows 98/Me/NT/2000/XP

The 360.3D professional package, sold separately or as part of the 360 ​​Degrees Of Freedom Developer Suite, is designed to generate interactive pseudo-3D models of objects, indispensable for demonstrating the products offered by companies in interactive product catalogs. The package is distinguished by an intuitive, ascetic and at the same time convenient interface, which changes depending on the established level working with the program (“beginner”, “professional” and “developer”), and detailed documentation, supplemented with useful examples, will allow you to spend a minimum of time on its development. This, combined with simplicity and ease of use, as well as ample opportunities for individualizing the result, allows us to consider the 360.3D application one of the best in its class.

The basis of all-round reviews are photographs in jpg format obtained from any standard digital camera - the number of images usually ranges from 8 to 14. The process of developing a review based on them involves creating a new project, importing images into the project, adjusting the review parameters and generating a three-dimensional model of the object, while stitching individual images is done completely automatically. The resulting three-dimensional illustrations are viewed in an Internet browser with a Java applet. They allow you to get a complete picture of the products on display, not only due to the automatic rotation of the models, but also due to the user’s ability to control the model using the mouse (the interactivity option is determined by the installed scheme): for example, dragging the mouse horizontally can lead to the rotation of the object, and vertically - to its scaling.

The package is presented in two editions - 360.3D Lite and 360.3D Project. The second one is different O greater functionality: allows you to use effects (dissolve, dynamic lighting/darkening, sepia, changing transparency, etc.), as well as expand the degree of interactivity of reviews due to more fine control events.

Developer: Anything3d

Distribution method: http://download.anything3d.com/3DPhotoBuilder/3DPBTrialPro2_2.exe)

Price:$109.95

Work under control: Windows 98/Me/2000/XP/2003 Server

3D Photo Builder Professional is a convenient solution for generating interactive 360-degree views based on a series of photographs taken from different angles. The package has a friendly and easy-to-use interface and requires a minimum of effort, special knowledge and time to create a review (all actions are performed under the guidance of experts) and at the same time provides professional results. In addition, it can be configured to work in batch mode. All this allows us to consider this application an effective tool for providing a visual representation of products in interactive product catalogs through 360-degree reviews.

3D Photo Builder Professional can work with any camera and supports a wide variety of tools for storing, editing, preview, export and publish images on the Internet. The use of an intelligent algorithm for stitching photos in automatic mode, supplemented by manual correction and adjustment of review presentation parameters (screen size, background, rotation speed, etc.), as well as the ability to preview the review, allows you to achieve professional quality of the created pseudo-3D images. Built-in graphics editor makes it possible to carry out color correction, distortion and cropping of original images, and working in Web Designer mode allows you to embed hyperlinks in reviews. A wide range of import and export formats ensures the import of images from scanners, cameras and TWAIN sources and the export of the resulting 360-degree views into Flash, QTVR, AVI, EXE, etc. formats. In addition, the program provides for saving images in the form of zip archives and animated gifs 's, screensavers, as well as HTML files and uploading to an FTP server using a special built-in web upload module.

Developer: Easypano, Inc.

Distribution method: shareware (demo version - http://www.easypano.com/download/download.aspx?pname=modelweaver&pversion=2.00&key=Free_Trial)

Price:$99.95

Work under control: Windows 9x/Me/2000/XP

Easypano Modelweaver is a tool for quickly creating 360-degree views that successfully combines wide functionality, simplicity and ease of use. It is intended for professionals, but thanks to the program's user-friendly interface and detailed help system Even beginners can work with it.

Easypano Modelweaver is compatible with wide range cameras and allows the use of basic graphic formats (jpg, gif and png). Additionally, the program can extract images from video files and also use them as the basis for a review. Imported images in one way or another are inserted into the project, then a base point is determined for them (a unique point present in all photographs), review parameters are set, and images are automatically stitched into a 360-degree panorama, and then a review is generated. The created 360-degree views are typically exported to a Java Applet and viewed in an Internet browser, and may also be saved in QTVR format, for example when included in interactive presentations distributed on CD-ROM. Viewing features are completely customizable by the developer: you can set the size of the viewing window, change the design of the control panel, define the list of displayed buttons, set function keys, add a logo and hyperlink, set acceptable limits for changing the rotation speed, etc. Selecting the maximum possible set of buttons allows the user, when viewing, not only to control the rotation of the demonstrated object, but also to change its scale and adjust the rotation speed.

Developer: Real2Virtual

Websiteprograms: http://www.real2virtual.com/modspec3.htm

Distribution method: shareware (demo version - http://www.real2virtual.com/download/r2vdemo.exe)

Price: personal license - $95, commercial license - $180

Work under control: Win9x/Me/2000/NT/XP

The Real2Virtual3D package is intended for creating pseudo-three-dimensional illustrations, the basis of which can be: digital photos(all cameras are supported) and scanned images or drawings. It is possible to create a three-dimensional illustration even from one photograph, although a full-fledged all-round view involves the use of a series of photographs taken from different angles.

The Real2Virtual3D package is compact, has a user-friendly interface, is easy to use and requires virtually no time to master. Creating a three-dimensional illustration in it involves performing three stages: importing source images (bmp, jpg), sequentially setting reference points that limit the object rotated in the view in all images (to achieve the best results, points should be placed on all key areas of the images), and then automatic generation all-round view. For publication on the web, an additional export is made to the VRML format (during the export process, images are compressed, which ensures that they fast loading on the web). Three-dimensional illustrations can be viewed either using built-in Internet browser tools or in a special viewer, Real2Virtual Viewer, included in the package. The generated interactive images can not only be rotated, but also viewed at different zoom levels, so shoppers can get a better idea of ​​the product's appearance.

Developer: Iseemedia, Inc.

Distribution method:

Price:$99.95

Work under control: Windows 95/98/2000/NT 4.0/XP

Photovista 3D Objects, sold separately or as part of the Reality Studio package, quickly creates compact 360-degree views for websites that are viewable in any Internet browser and are interactive, allowing users to control the rotation and zoom of displayed objects using the mouse.

The reviews are based on photographs taken from different vantage points and stored on disk in jpeg formats or bmp, imported from a digital camera or extracted from avi or QuickTime files. The images are loaded into the project and stitched into a 360-degree panorama, which is then automatically converted into a 360-degree view - while the program independently removes the background, masking the areas of the images related to the object. Built-in editing tools allow you to achieve more precise masking of the object (if the results of automatic masking were not good enough) and provide control over the tilt of images, the Frame Adjust module allows you to adjust the position of the axes X And Y on individual images, and the Image Stabilization module will eliminate the problem of oscillations of a three-dimensional object during rotation, caused by incorrect centering when shooting. 360-degree views are saved in VRML format for viewing on the web, and can also be exported to Reality Studio’s own format and/or saved as avi files.

Programs for creating 3D models

Developer: Creative Dimension Software Ltd

Websiteprograms: http://www.3dsom.com/

Distribution method: shareware (demo version - http://www.3dsom.com/protrialvx/3DSOMProTrial.exe)

Price:$2700

Work under control: Windows 2000(Service Pack 4)/XP

The 3D Software Object Modeller package (or 3DSOM Pro) is a professional solution for quickly creating three-dimensional models of real objects from photographs. Models can be used in interactive catalogues, three-dimensional computer games, multimedia presentations, etc. In addition, the package may be of interest for museums (display of ancient utensils, representatives of extinct fauna, etc.) and may be useful in the process of modeling clothing and jewelry ( demonstration of product samples), etc. 3D Software Object Modeller uses Canon's advanced 3DSOM 1.0 technology, provides a much faster model creation path than classic 3D modeling packages, and does not require extensive technical training, positioning itself as an alternative 3D modeling tool. The package is aimed at 3D designers, web designers and photographers and allows you to model various types of objects, with the exception of transparent and reflected objects, as well as objects with deep holes.

To obtain a three-dimensional model of an object, you need to have about 20 photographs of it (in jpeg, png, ppm or bmp formats), taken with a regular digital camera from different angles. A prerequisite for shooting is to place the object in the center of a special calibration stand, which is an ordinary white sheet of paper with special markings. The resulting images are loaded into a program that automatically masks all images, separating the subject from the background - disadvantages of automatic masking (they are quite possible if the shooting was not carried out in ideal conditions: not quite monochromatic background, uneven lighting, etc.) can be easily corrected using a whole set of manual and semi-automatic masking tools. Then the program independently generates the model frame, and special tools allow you to manually adjust the final geometry if necessary, after which texture materials are created and the model is texturized - at this stage you can also intervene in the process and modify the automatically created materials and the principles of their application. Once completed, the model is either exported to one of the 3D formats for further processing in 3D modeling packages, or to Java Applet if it is intended to be used on the Internet.

Developer: Eos Systems, Inc.

Distribution method: shareware (demo version of the program - http://www.photomodeler.com/demo01.html)

Price: determined by licensing option

Work under control: Windows 2000/NT 4.0(sp6+)/XP

One of the world's most famous applications in the field of photogrammetric software, the PhotoModeler package is designed for obtaining three-dimensional sketch models based on photographs. He has proven himself well in the most different areas computer modeling: mechanics, architecture and building restoration, archeology and anthropology, video and animation, forensics, mechanical engineering, etc. For example, when restoring buildings, it can be used to recreate the appearance of an architectural structure using preserved drawings in a 3D model, and in judicial practice this application is very actively used to recreate a picture of the scene of an incident. The package allows you to work with any number of photographs taken with a variety of cameras, including simultaneously in one project. If necessary, you can create a model even from a single photograph, which is not uncommon in archeology and anthropology (with a lack of source material), although the quality, of course, will be worse. If new source material appears during the work on the project, you can add new images at any time. The result of the program depends on many factors: resolution and number original photos, angles between them, number of reference points and clarity of camera descriptions.

Creating a three-dimensional model in PhotoModeler is a labor-intensive operation due to the fact that many actions have to be performed manually and are carried out in several stages. First you need to receive and scan your photos. The ideal option is to have such a number of photographs that each large individual plane of the object is captured from at least two different points. Then the camera parameters are determined, allowing different cameras to be used for different shots, the dimensions of the object for which the 3D model is created are determined, and the location of each camera is specified. After this, key reference points are also manually placed and the type of connection between individual groups of points is established in the form of lines or planes. At the last stage, based on reference points, lines and planes, the program generates a three-dimensional model that can be exported to a CAD program. The 3D Viewer module allows you to evaluate the result, thanks to which it is easy to view and rotate any model.

PhotoModeler supports importing images in bmp, cal, jpg, mac, pcd, pct, pcx, png, ppm, psd, rbg, sgi, tga and tif formats and exporting to dxf (2D and 3D), 3ds, Wavefront Obj, vrml formats (1&2), iges, raw, 3dm and stl. The user-friendly interface, coupled with the ability to use the project wizard, allows you to relatively quickly understand the principles of the program, although working in it, of course, does not become less labor-intensive. Detailed Help and a series of multimedia lessons included in the package will help you master the program.

Developer: D Vision Works Limited

Distribution method: shareware (demo version - http://www.d-vw.com/download/files/DS2demo.exe)

Price: Standard - 500 euros, Professional - 900 euros

Work under control: Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP

The D Sculptor package allows you to quickly create textured 3D models of real-world objects based on ordinary photos. Compared to similar programs, the initial objects can have a complex structure (for example, complex organic forms), the development process is much faster, and the technology for creating a model is reminiscent of working in two-dimensional graphics packages, which simplifies the process of mastering the program. So D Sculptor would be handy to have on the list graphic solutions those designers who work primarily in 2D packages, but sometimes need 3D models. According to the developers, D Sculptor is more suitable for generating 3D models for product catalogs and Internet applications, and in some cases can also be used to create models for computer games.

Creating a 3D model is carried out in five steps. First, you need to photograph the object from different angles - when shooting, the object must be located in the center of a special plane with a circular marking, and the number of shots must be at least eight - and upload jpg images to the project. At the second stage, D Sculptor analyzes the images and independently detects markers. Then using standard tools To create selected areas, you need to manually mask the object in each photograph, thereby delimiting for the program the areas of the image that belong to the model and those located outside it. When finished, select the Generate Model command, and the program will create the model. The number of polygons in the model can be changed interactively, which is very convenient, since the Internet requires models with a small number of polygons, while working in 3D applications, on the contrary, requires the creation of high-quality multi-polygon models. At the end, the model is exported to one of the common 3D formats (for example, for further editing in 3D Studio) or to Java Applet for viewing in an Internet browser. D Sculptor also supports Macromedia's Shockwave format for compatibility with Macromedia Director 8.5 and above.

The package is presented in two editions - Standard and Professional, professional editorial staff provides more high accuracy modeling due to the possibility of dividing the model into subobjects.

Developer: RealViz Corp.

Distribution method: shareware (no demo version available)

Price:$290

Work under control: Windows 2000(SP2)/XP, Mac OS X 10.2

RealViz ImageModeler is a well-known solution for creating 3D models from photographs. The package is aimed primarily at 3D designers and may be useful in the most different areas: for modeling architectural structures, creating three-dimensional 360-degree views for the web, preparing photorealistic backgrounds as a basis for further design work, as well as for creating animation and special effects. In addition, RealViz ImageModeler can be used to accurately recognize a 3D volume and then place other 3D models within that volume.

To create a model, you need a series of photographs taken from different angles around the object and saved in one of the formats: tga, sgi, png, jpg, pict, pgm, ppm or cin. Images are imported into the project, and the program automatically calibrates them, determining camera parameters (position, focus length, etc.), and establishing a coordinate system. At the next stage, calibration markers are manually set (they are necessary to determine the reference points from which the polygons are calculated) and the wireframe model is automatically constructed - while the final fine-tuning of the geometry is performed manually using standard polygonal editing tools. Then the model is textured - textures are automatically extracted from photographs and the resulting materials are assigned to individual subobjects, while the user can change the projection parameters using the built-in UV Mapping Editor. The created model is exported to 3D formats for further processing in the packages 3D Studio Max, Lightwave 3D, Maya, SOFTIMAGE I XSI, Macromedia Shockwave 3D, etc. or to VRML format for publication on the web.