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Everything you need to know about SIM cards in smartphones. What is r-sim and how to unlock an iPhone using r-sim

What could be simpler regular SIM card installed in our smartphone? Today, almost every person already has at least one copy of this product. And many people might have dozens of such plastic cards lying around in their desks. It would seem that in the era of frameless smartphones, wireless chargers, sending Tesla into Space, nothing could be simpler than a small SIM card, but in reality everything is far from so simple.

The principle of SIM cards is undeservedly considered extremely simple, although, according to by and large, this is a real computer, presented in such a compact form factor. Today I will try to briefly go over the modules and types of SIM cards, and perhaps you will be seriously interested in this topic.

What is a SIM card

The chip, so familiar to any person today, is a subscriber identification module (this is how the abbreviation SIM is literally translated). The history of the first “SIM cards” in the form in which we are accustomed to seeing them begins in 1991, when full-size cards first appeared.

Subscriber Identification Module - subscriber identification module.

Despite its size and, as it seems to the average person, primitiveness, this card stores a lot of information. This is both the international subscriber identifier IMSI and the phone number installed on the card, tariff plan, connected services, and other information.

SIM card device

Due to the fact that the main purpose of calling cards is to store subscriber data, many people mistakenly believe that a SIM card is a more primitive analogue of a flash drive. This is not strange, because even in its shape the SIM card is quite similar to modern microSD cards. In reality, any SIM card is a meager analogue of a computer. Each card includes:

  • Microprocessor;
  • Permanent memory, which is used to store information and the OS (yes, SIM cards have operating system);
  • RAM.

Of course, in the context of today's size of content and hardware installed in smartphones, laptops and desktop PCs, the volume of built-in and random access memory on SIM cards seem insignificant, but they are enough to store operating and file systems, subscriber information, and even user phone book. What, if all this, confirms that any SIM card is a real micro-computer?

Current SIM card formats

In addition to the design of telephone cards, I also wanted to focus your attention on the existing formats, or standards, of SIM cards used today. You can select 5 of them:

  • Mini-SIM is a standard of cards that were installed in every phone not so long ago, until they were replaced by smartphones with smaller slots. Such a card has a size of 25 by 15 by 0.76 millimeters, and today is used only in push-button and outdated phone models;
  • Micro-SIM is a card that replaced the Mini version and has more compact dimensions of width and length (15 by 12 mm) while maintaining the same thickness of 0.76 mm. This map became popular with the rise of smartphones. However, today its popularity is gradually “fading away”;
  • Nano-SIM is the most common SIM card format today, having more compact dimensions in width, length, and thickness (12.3 by 8.8 by 0.67 mm). Its size is slightly larger than the golden chip itself, which could always be seen on SIM cards;
  • eSIM is another card option, the difference between which lies not in size, but in areas of application. The prefix “e” means “Embedded”, or “Built-in”, “Pre-installed”. Such cards are installed by default in contract models of gadgets. And, if such a need arises, removing and replacing them becomes quite problematic. However, to call such cards popular in the territory Russian Federation it is forbidden;
  • Multi-SIM is the latest version of cards, representing a “matryoshka”, in which the layers of the card stencil are already marked by default. Having purchased such a SIM, with a simple finger press, you can select the required card format suitable for the slot in your mobile phone.

This was a brief educational program regarding the history, formats and design of modern (and not so modern) SIM cards. I hope this information was interesting and you learned something new.

Experienced communication store consultants still remember the time when customers were perplexed by the fact that SIM cards existed Not standard size. Nowadays, having several types of SIM cards is commonplace. Manufacturers are giving preference to increasingly smaller cards, because this saves space inside the device body. Standard-sized SIM cards, bulky by modern standards, are about to “sink into oblivion.”

In this article we will talk about all types of SIM and teach you how to turn a large card into a small one.

In terms of size, SIM cards are classified into 3 types:

Mini-SIM

Mini-SIM– this is the “scientific” name for a standard SIM card. Its dimensions are 25x15 millimeters.

If the phone was released before 2011 (inclusive), you can be sure that exactly what is inserted into it Mini-SIM. For modern smartphones such a map is too large, but this does not mean that Mini-SIM– anachronism. Standard SIM cards are used in simple dialers, in phones with big buttons for the elderly, in secure phones for fishing enthusiasts and factory workers. The listed devices cannot boast of an abundance of functions, so there is plenty of space inside their cases - in some models, manufacturers even allow you to install 3-4 Mini-SIM.

Micro-SIM

First card Micro-SIM began to use Apple company– in iPhone 4 devices. Dimensions Micro-SIM– 15x12 millimeters.

Nowadays, the vast majority of smartphones are installed with Micro-SIM. The “baton” was taken over from Apple by Nokia, which equipped its Lumia devices with slots for Micro, followed by HTC, Samsung, and BlackBerry.

Nano-SIM

Nano-SIM– the newest and smallest card for the phone. Its dimensions are only 12x5 millimeters. Visually, the card is a chip with a minimum of plastic edging.

Apple is again the innovator. Exactly Nano-SIM users had to insert the 5th modification into the iPhone. Later, devices with Nano-SIM slots began to be produced by others. famous manufacturers- For example, Samsung And Meizu.

Understand the differences three types The following illustration will help you separate SIM cards from each other:

How to change the SIM card size for your phone?

The most obvious way to change the SIM card size is replace it in the operator's cabin. This procedure is completely free, takes only a couple of minutes, and the phone number does not change afterwards. However, this method still has a number of disadvantages:

  • On new SIM card there will be no numbers saved in the old memory. Of course, a similar problem easy to solve: in the article “How to transfer contacts from iPhone to computer” we talk about several ways to export phone numbers. But, alas, many users consider their time too valuable to spend it on mastering third party software and methods for creating backup copies.
  • You have the right to replace your SIM card in the office only its designer and only according to the passport. If the card was given to the user, for example, by his parents, he himself will not be able to replace it. Sometimes this becomes a real problem.

If a consultant changes a SIM card to a person who is not its issuer, this is fraud! For such an operation, the consultant will, at a minimum, be deprived of his bonus, and at maximum, he will be fired in disgrace. Therefore, demanding to “make an exception” is meaningless; no one wants to find themselves unemployed with unflattering wording in their work book.

There are several ways to change the dimensions of a SIM card without resorting to replacement. For example, a user can purchase adapter(aka - adapter). The adapters look like this:

Order adapters for SIM is better on Chinese sites - there they cost a mere trifle. For example, a set of adapters from Noosy along with a needle for iPhone will cost only 17 rubles. When purchasing in a salon, the user may be charged up to 250 rubles - the difference is more than noticeable!

The set usually includes adapters of 3 types: Nano-SIM to SIM, Micro-SIM to SIM And Nano-SIM to Micro-SIM. Since SIM cards of reduced sizes continue to be associated with Apple, manufacturers do not forget to include needles in the kits to remove the SIM card slot. Adapters are easy to use: a small SIM card is inserted into a suitable adapter, then the adapter itself with the card inside is placed in the slot of the mobile device.

Adapters help when you need to increase the size of a SIM card, but what should the user do if, on the contrary, the card needs to be reduced? The owner of the gadget should think about the fact that such a need may arise even at the stage of purchasing a SIM card - and insist on issuing him a so-called Combi-SIM. Combi-SIM is a standard-sized card from which you can make a micro-SIM card in a split second.

Inside a SIM card, standard in size, Micro-Sim It is already cut along the contour, so it is easy for the user to press with a finger and break off a piece of plastic.

There is no need to rush to throw away the frame– she is still capable of doing a good service. If you need to reinsert the card into the slot under Mini-SIM the frame can be used as an adapter.

Usage Combi-SIM- one of the ways to change the size of the SIM card downward. Cards Combi are provided to users mobile communications for free- of course, if they are available in the operator’s office.

If the user already owns a standard SIM card and wants to turn it into Micro, without losing contacts, he has no other choice but to cut the SIM card. Pruning is usually done using special device which is called stapler for Sim(aka - Sim cutter, it’s the same - Sim-Cutter).

Make from a standard card Micro-SIM If you have such a stapler, it’s a second procedure. However, expect that the sales office or workshop will carry out this procedure for free, not worth it. The salon employees will demand 149 rubles for trimming and will even knock out a check for providing a paid service. Repair shops will also ask for money, or even send the user to deal with the operator.

Cutting a SIM card is associated with some risk - if the person performing the procedure is in a hurry or is inattentive, he will damage the chip and, as a result, the SIM card will not function. Hence the high cost of pruning services - no one wants to take risks “for nothing.”

How to cut a SIM card with your own hands?

Not in all salons cellular communications There are staplers for SIM - some consultants continue to cut cards with their own hands and regular scissors. The reader may be surprised to learn that no one trains consultants to do this. They hone this skill on their own, and many are able to successfully cut a SIM card the first time.

No wonder - in fact, the procedure is extremely primitive! Usually the main difficulty is finding a template. Consultants usually have their whole table covered with SIM cards. various sizes, working and having served their time - they use them as models. The average user can only dream of such abundance - however, if he still managed to borrow a SIM card the right size acting as a template, he can safely try trimming with his own hands. If not, he should resort to using a printer and a template print(here is the relevant link).

To cut a SIM card, you don’t need felt-tip pens, rulers or pencils - if you follow these instructions:

  • Take the large SIM in your hand with the chip facing up.
  • Place the sample card on top so that it completely covers the chip, press it tightly with your thumb and do not let go. If desired, the template can be attached to a large SIM using double-sided tape, but experts do not recommend doing this - you can damage the chip.
  • Carefully trim the sides of the plastic. Try not to have too much, otherwise the SIM card in the slot will “dangle” and the signal will be lost.
  • Cut the card according to the template across. Here you can act less scrupulously; The main thing is not to touch the chip.
  • Remove the corner and slightly round the edges - otherwise the SIM card will not fit into the slot.

Next, put the template aside and try to install the cut card into the phone to check its functionality. If the SIM card does not fit into the slot, carefully trim the plastic and try again. If the card in the slot is just the right size and can be read by the phone, rejoice - you just cut a SIM card with your own hands!

note that not just any card can be “cut” to the desired size. Easiest to redo Mini-SIM V Micro-SIM – Such pruning should not cause any difficulties for the user at all. Trim under Nano-SIM always more difficult; plastic around the chip on the card Nano almost none, so the risk of snagging the chip with the blades of the scissors is quite high.

Old-style SIM cards with large chips are still in use:

Cutting such SIMs is a real nightmare! With some luck, from such a card you can make Micro-SIM, but turn it into Nano It definitely won't work.

Conclusion

The fact that smartphone manufacturers have begun to produce gadgets that support SIM cards different types, salon salespeople have become quite rich. Of course, not all paid services pass through the cash register - in many cases, the money for trimming is sent to the consultants' pockets. Cutting SIM cards for sellers is a “bread and butter” business, which means free there is no need to count on help from consultants.

Therefore, a user who does not want to “feed” salon employees is better off mastering pruning skills himself. This procedure is quite simple and does not require “surgical precision”.

Once upon a time, more than 20 years ago, which by the standards of the modern IT industry can even be considered untrue, Cell phones For self-identification in the cellular provider network, they used special numbers recorded in them at the factory. However, this approach was not very convenient for both users and manufacturers. They were interested in "separating" the subscriber ID from the hardware. This is how the idea of ​​using additional individual cards with built-in microcircuits arose. This approach used today in networks of various standards - GSM, CDMA, UMTS, LTE, but we will talk mainly about the most widespread version - GSM/3G.

To a telephone set, like physical device, the IMEI number remains (International Mobile Equipment Identity), which can be considered unique on a global scale. It participates in transaction logs mobile operator and, in principle, can be used to block network access, search for stolen phones and other similar actions. In some countries, it is illegal to falsify or change this number. The IMEI number can usually be found on a sticker under the battery and on the box. From a technical point of view, it is written electronically in one of the microcircuits and, of course, can also be read programmatically. If the telephone has the ability to install multiple SIM cards, then IMEI numbers several too. This number is available not only for phones, but also for modems, tablets and other devices designed to work in mobile networks. Formally, manufacturers could get by with just this number and not use traditional serial numbers for their products, but today this “separate” approach is more convenient for them.

A similar SIM card number is called ICCID (Integrated Circuit Card Identifier). It is often engraved on the cards themselves. It is similar to the serial number of the device - the only difference is that it is unique and cannot be repeated on any other card in the world. Although if to serial number If you also add the manufacturer and model name to the phone, then this combination will also be unique.

Direct identification of the subscriber in the cellular network takes place using the IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) number, which is recorded in the SIM card. This number determines the ownership of the card by the operator and allows you to link the card user with his account with the provider, including the phone number, permitted services, and so on. The card also stores another unique information, the description of which is beyond the scope of this article.

A few words should be said about card protection. The first milestone is a four-digit PIN code. If you do not know him, you will not be able to use the card to access cellular network or for reading notebook. The user can change or cancel this code (it is usually disabled on newly purchased cards). If the PIN code was entered incorrectly several times, to unlock it you need to use the PUK code, also provided by the operator along with the SIM card. Even less commonly used are PIN2 and PUK2 codes, which allow the user to limit the list of allowed subscribers for outgoing calls.

But even if you know all these codes, you won’t be able to copy the card using everyday methods. There is another special code written inside it, known to the operator, which is used in the identification algorithm. This process is designed in such a way that the pure code is not transferred from the card to the phone. Instead, the device sends a task to the SIM card processor to encrypt the key, and transmits the response to the operator. The latter compares the result with that received in its data center, and if they match, the subscriber gains access to the network.

One of the popular options for “full-size” smart cards today

Technically, a SIM card is one of the variants of smart cards - microcomputers with their own processor and memory, communicating with the outside world through an interface of several electrical contacts. Smart cards are found today in banking sector, are used for access control and in various payment systems. Usually there are several kilobytes on the card permanent memory, a couple of kilobytes of RAM and some flash. In the case of phones, the latter was previously used to store a notebook, but the limit on the number of entries (250) and support for only two fields (name and phone) has practically deprived it of this role today.

Electronic filling takes up very little space

Formally, the card has eight contacts for connecting to a reader (if you try really hard, you can try to count more). However, in reality only six are used. And given modern progress in microelectronics, the filling takes up literally a few square millimeters.

But if we talk about external dimensions, then it all started with a credit card format - 85.6 × 53.98 × 0.76 mm. This format smart cards are still used today, but to satisfy the wishes of manufacturers cell phones he stopped a long time ago. Much more practical is the Mini-SIM version, which measures 25x15 mm with a beveled corner (to determine the required orientation of the card in the slot). The thickness did not change. It is this format that is the most widespread today and is found in most cell phones.

Mini-SIM and Micro-SIM cards use much less plastic

It is clear that such a reduction did not bring any losses in terms of functionality. But you need to understand that Mini-SIM is good specifically for placement in a telephone body. Using a card of this size, for example, for payphones, is obviously inconvenient.

After the massive transition to the Mini-SIM format, for a very long time it remained practically the only option for use in the field of mobile communications. Even success in reducing external dimensions telephone sets did not require further reduction of the subscriber card. But still, he was not allowed to gain a foothold for centuries.

Special frames can be used to install Micro-SIM (sometimes Mini-SIM)

One of the most active market players in its new smartphone model two and a half years ago implemented work with the Micro-SIM format, the dimensions of the cards are 15x12 mm (the thickness has not changed again). For cards of this format, almost the entire front surface was occupied by contact pads. But there were no technical difficulties for him to place the chip, especially with the development of chip manufacturing technologies. Note that, from a design point of view consumer devices, the market did not demand this step. So more like a company played in the field of marketing, once again repeating “we are not like everyone else.”

Electronic “filling” takes up very little space even in Mini- and Micro-SIM

Interestingly, this year the same manufacturer played this card again. latest model their smartphone works exclusively with Nano-SIM, in which the thickness has already been reduced - 12.3 × 8.8 × 0.67 mm. Eight can no longer fit into this format. standard contacts, so that only six truly workers remain. None technical functions the cards were not affected this time either, but the size of the new phone was not as reduced as one might think (and some even increased).

Almost the entire front surface of Nano-SIM is occupied by contact pads

A very reasonable question arises: how does this miniaturization story affect consumers? If we talk about those who buy new telephone set with a contract and new card, then they usually don’t care what version of the SIM card is installed in it. And if a person basically has only one phone or he doesn’t plan to rearrange cards, then it’s not even “usually”, but “absolutely”.

To install Micro-SIM in the Mini-SIM bay, you can use adapters

But for those users who are accustomed to using several devices and/or SIM cards, the situation is less pleasant. In the case of a Mini/Micro pair, you can try to make do with so-called adapters/adapters (of course, after replacing all Mini format cards with Micro format). There are no advantages to this story, only disadvantages - you need to carry additional parts with you, and in addition, the adapter can damage the connector contacts during replacement (or the assembly may even get stuck in the slot).

As for changing cards, then official way consists of visiting your operator’s salon, writing an application, waiting and all that. In addition, if you suddenly have some entries on the card, you will need to take care of saving them. More available option from a time-consuming point of view, go to numerous workshops, where your card will be cut with a special tool in a couple of seconds (by the way, large salons and even the operators themselves do this). If you really don’t want to go anywhere, then a sharp knife and a strong hand can also successfully solve the problem. For the first time, a printout from the Internet with a “cutting” diagram may be useful (see, for example,).

With Nano-SIM the situation is more complicated, since both the linear dimensions and thickness of the card are smaller. The methods remain the same. But at present the first of them should be recognized as the most correct. However, given the prevalence and cost of the device, for which you may need a Nano-SIM, this should not be a problem.

SIM card is a device that is a subscriber identification module. This is an integrated circuit designed for safe storage International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) numbers and associated key, which are used to identify and authenticate subscribers to devices mobile telephony(eg mobile phones and computers). In addition, you can store contact information on many SIM cards.

SIM cards are always used on GSM phones, for CDMA devices they are only required for new LTE-compatible devices. They can also be used in satellite phones.

The SIM card is part of a universal feature (UICC), which is usually made of PVC with built-in contacts and semiconductors. A SIM card whose device is based on digital technology, can transfer data between different mobile devices.

SIM card contains:

  • unique (ICCID);
  • international mobile phone number (IMSI);
  • authentication and encryption;
  • temporary information about the local network;
  • a list of services to which the user has access;
  • The phone's SIM card device also has two passwords: personal an identification number(PIN) for normal use and Personal Unlock Code (PUK) to unlock the PIN.

History and market entry

Initially SIM format was defined by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute in specification number TS 11.11, which describes the physical and logical properties of the SIM card. With the development of UMTS, specification work was partially transferred to 3GPP.

The first SIM card was developed in 1991 by the Munich smart card manufacturer Giesecke & Devrient, which sold the first 300 copies to the Finnish operator wireless network Radiolinja.

Inactivation

In many pay-as-you-go contractual agreements, you are required to use prepayments periodically to avoid account expiration. This period depends on the network operators, but is usually defined as a period of three months. This is sometimes due to the SIM card becoming inactive on the network.

Registration

Most countries and operators require identification to activate the service, but there are some exceptions such as Hong Kong SAR.

How does a phone's SIM card work?

SIM cards have three operating voltages: 5 V, 3 V and 1.8 V. The operating voltage of most SIM cards launched before 1998 was 5 V. Subsequently created cards are compatible with 3 V and 5 V. Modern copies support voltage 5 V, 3 V and 1.8 V.

Data

SIM cards store network information used to authenticate and identify subscribers on the network. The most important ones are ICCID, IMSI, Authentication Key (Ki), Local Area Identifier (LAI) and Operator Number.

The SIM card, whose device is based on circuits, also stores other operator-specific data, such as the service center number short messages(SMS ServiceServiceName), Service Provider Name (SPN), Service Number Numbers (SDN), Advanceofcharge parameters and Value Added Applications (VAS).

SIM cards can be supplied in varying data sizes from 8 to at least 256 KB. They all allow you to store a maximum of 250 contacts, but while the 32KB version has room for 33 mobile network codes (MNCs) or "network identifiers", the 64KB variety has room for 80 MNCs. This indicator is used by network operators to store information about preferred networks and is mainly used when the SIM is not in its home network, and in roaming. What does this phone SIM card device mean?

The operator who issued the SIM can use this to connect the phone to their preferred network to take advantage of the best commercial deal for the original network company. This does not mean that a phone containing this SIM can connect to a maximum of 33 or 80 networks, only that the SIM card issuer can only specify up to that many preferred networks. If the SIM is outside of these preferred networks, it will use the first or best available one.

ICCID

Each SIM card is identified internationally by ID integrated circuit(ICCID). ICCIDs are stored on SIM cards and are also engraved or printed on the case during the personalization process.

The ICCID is defined by ITU-T Recommendation E.118 as the Primary Number. Its layout is based on ISO/IEC 7812. According to E.118, the number can be up to 22 digits, including one check digit calculated using the Luhn algorithm. However, GSM Phase 1 defined the ICCID length as 10 octets (20 digits) with a specific operator structure.

International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)

SIM cards are identified within individual operator networks using a unique international identification mobile subscriber(IMSI). Operators connect to mobile phone calls and exchange their SIM cards in the market using their IMSIs. Their format is as follows.

The first three digits represent mobile code countries (MCC).

The next two or three digits represent the code mobile network(MNC). Three-digit MNC codes are permitted by E.212 but are primarily used in the United States and Canada.

The following digits represent the Mobile Subscriber Identification Number (MSIN). Typically this is 10 digits, but the value will be less in the case of a three-digit MNC or if national regulations specify that the total length of the IMSI must be less than 15 digits. All these numbers differ from country to country, so there may be differences in how the SIM card is designed. The circuit is standard and factory-made, the difference is only observed in the recorded information.

Authentication Key (Ki)

Kni is a 128-bit value used to authenticate SIM cards on the GSM mobile network (for the USIM network you still need Ki, but different parameters are required). Each SIM card stores a unique Ki assigned to it by the operator during the personalization process. This setting is also stored in a database (called an authentication center, or AuC) on the carrier's network.

How is a SIM card designed taking into account the above? It is designed to prevent Ki from being obtained through the smart card interface. Instead, the SIM card provides a "Run GSM Algorithm" feature that allows the phone to transfer data to the SIM card, which must be signed with Ki. This in theory makes the use of a SIM card mandatory if Ki cannot be removed from the SIM card or the operator wishes to disclose this option. On practice cryptographic algorithm GSM for calculating SRES_2 (see step 4 below) from Ki has certain vulnerabilities that could allow this value to be extracted from the SIM card and create a duplicate SIM card.

Authentication process

When the mobile equipment starts up, it obtains the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) from the SIM card and passes it to the mobile operator, requesting access and authentication. Mobile equipment can transmit a PIN code to the SIM card before it reveals this information.

Location Area Identification

The SIM stores network status information, which is received from the Location Area Identifier (LAI). Operator networks are divided into location areas, each of which has a unique LAI number. When the device changes location, it stores the new LAI on the SIM card and sends it back to the carrier network with the new location. If the device is running cyclically, it will retrieve data from the SIM card and search for the previous LAI. Some listening devices with a SIM card also work on this feature.

SMS messages and contacts

Most SIM cards will by default store a number of SMS messages and phonebook contacts. Contacts are stored in simple pairs"name and number": Records containing multiple phone numbers and additional phone numbers are usually not stored there. Such conditions are provided by the SIM card device. Contacts can be saved to a very limited extent. For example, when a user tries to copy such records to a SIM card, software phone number splits them into multiple entries, discarding any information that is not a phone number.

The number of saved contacts and messages depends on the SIM card. Early models will store just five messages and 20 contacts, while modern SIM cards can typically store more than 250 items.

SIM card: device and formats

Over the years, SIM cards have become smaller, and their functionality does not depend on the format. The full-size SIM card was followed by mini-SIM, micro-SIM and nano-SIM. Today they even come built into devices.

Full-size SIM card

The full-size SIM card (or 1FF, 1st form factor) became the first form factor. It is the size of a credit card (85.60 x 53.98 x 0.76 mm). Later, smaller SIM cards were often sold built into a full-size card from which they could be ejected.

Mini-SIM

A mini-SIM (or 2FF) card has the same contact device, which is the same as a full-size SIM card, and usually comes in a full-size adapter attached to it with connecting elements. This scheme allows it to be used both in a device that requires a full-size card, and in a device that requires a mini-SIM card (after breaking the connecting elements). Since the full-size SIM card is no longer used, some vendors refer to this form factor as a standard or regular SIM card.

Micro-SIM

A micro-SIM (or 3FF) card has a similar thickness and pin layout, but is distinguished by a reduced length and width.

The micro-SIM format was introduced by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) for installation in devices too small for a mini-SIM card. The form factor was mentioned in working group 3GPP SMG9 UMTS, which is the standard-setting body for GSM SIM cards, in December 1998, and subsequently agreed upon in late 2003.

Micro-SIM was developed for the main problem was the contact area of ​​the chip. Maintaining the same contact area allows the micro SIM to be compatible with previous, larger SIM card readers through the use of plastic cutouts. The device was also designed to operate at the same speed (5 MHz) as previous version. Same sizes and pin positions have led to numerous tutorials and YouTube videos with detailed instructions, how to cut a mini-SIM card to micro-SIM size. However, such actions at home sometimes lead to the fact that the SIM card does not correspond to the device or becomes completely unusable.

Nano-SIM

The nano-SIM (or 4FF) card was introduced on October 11, 2012, when suppliers mobile services V different countries started shipping it for phones that support this format. The Nano-SIM measures 12.3 x 8.8 x 0.67 mm and reduces the previous format to just the contact area while maintaining existing functions. A small rim of insulating material is left around the contact area to avoid short circuits. The Nano-SIM is 0.67mm thick compared to its predecessors' 0.76mm. 4FF cards can be placed in adapters for use with devices designed for 2FF or 3FF SIM cards and made thinner to do so, but many phone companies do not recommend this.

The iPhone 5, released in September 2012, was the first device to use activated nano sim cards, followed by other phones.

The upcoming new generation of SIM cards is called e-SIM or eSIM (embeddedSIM), which is a non-replaceable built-in chip in a SON-8 package - soldered directly on circuit board. It will have M2M and remote SIM capabilities.

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    HAM, JAPHET, Shem, Ham, Yephet (Greek Σήμ, Χάμ, Ιάφεθ; Heb. Ŝœm. Hâm, Yçfet), in the Old Testament legends, the sons of Noah, who were saved with their wives in the ark during the flood and from whom then “the whole earth" (Gen. 9:19). When Noah... Encyclopedia of Mythology

    Ham, Japheth, in the Bible, the sons of Noah, from whom the whole earth was populated after the Flood. Ham was cursed by Noah for mocking the nakedness of his drunken father, and was doomed to slavery. Shem and Japheth, who showed filial piety and... ...

    City. Chelyabinsk region Originated as a village. at a metallurgical plant founded in 1784 on the river. Sim; since 1942 city. Sim. Hydronym from bashk. dial Syum is a deep place in the river; whirlpool. Other etymologies are possible. Geographical names peace:... ... Geographical encyclopedia

    City (since 1942) in the Russian Federation, Chelyabinsk region, on the river. Sim. Railroad station. 19.9 thousand inhabitants (1993). Aggregate software, mechanical plant. One of oldest centers metallurgy South. Ural. Originated in 1760... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

    And husband. Star. ed. Report: Simovich, Simovna. Derivatives: Sima; Simanya.Origin: (Ancient Hebrew name Sem is a noble name, glory. In the Bible, the name of one of the sons of Noah.) Dictionary of personal names. Sim a, m. Star. rare Report: Simovich, Simovna. Derivatives: Sima;… … Dictionary of personal names

    SIM, see SIM. Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary. IN AND. Dahl. 1863 1866 … Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

    I river in Russia, in the Southern Urals, the right tributary of the Belaya. 239 km, basin area 11.7 thousand km2. Average consumption water in the middle flow is 47.9 m3/s. Navigable in the lower reaches. II city (since 1942) in Russia, Chelyabinsk region, on the river. Sim, 9 km from... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

    This; Siemens Dictionary of Russian synonyms. sim noun, number of synonyms: 4 city (2765) river (2073) ... Synonym dictionary

    River to the South. Ural, right tributary of the Belaya. 239 km, basin area 11.7 thousand km². The average water flow in the middle current is 47.9 m³/s. Navigable in the lower reaches... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Books

  • You'll win! , Vera Giorgadze. The title of the book is "This Win!" speaks for itself: according to legend, it was this phrase that the Roman Emperor Constantine I the Great saw in the sky next to the cross before the victorious battle. IN…
  • You'll win! , Vera Giorgadze. The title of the book “By this victory!” speaks for itself: according to legend, it was this phrase that the Roman emperor Constantine I the Great saw in the sky next to the cross before the victorious battle. IN…