Connection diagrams for a three-phase electric motor. Standard circuit for connecting a three-phase motor to a single-phase network. How to determine which circuit the motor windings are connected to

There are several types of electric motors - three-phase and single-phase. The main difference between three-phase electric motors and single-phase ones is that they are more efficient. If you have a 380 V outlet at home, then it is best to buy equipment with a three-phase electric motor.

Using this type of engine will allow you to save on electricity and gain more power. Also you won't have to use various devices to start the engine, since thanks to a voltage of 380 V, a rotating magnetic field appears immediately after connecting to the electrical network.

380 volt electric motor wiring diagrams

If you do not have a 380 V network, then you can still connect a three-phase electric motor to a standard 220 V electrical network. To do this, you will need capacitors, which must be connected according to this diagram. But when connected to a regular power grid, you will observe a loss of power. You could read about this.

380 V electric motors are designed in such a way that they have three windings in the stator, which are connected like a triangle or star, and three different phases are connected to their tops.

You need to remember that using a star connection, your electric motor will not work at full power, but it will start smoothly. When using a triangle circuit, you will receive a one and a half times increase in power compared to a star, but with such a connection the chance of damaging the winding during startup increases.

Before using an electric motor, you must first become familiar with its characteristics. All necessary information can be found in the data sheet and on the engine nameplate. Special attention You should pay attention to three-phase motors of Western European type, as they are designed to operate at a voltage of 400 or 690 volts. In order to connect such an electric motor to domestic networks, you only need to use a delta connection.

If you want to make a triangle circuit, then you need to connect the windings in series. You need to connect the end of one winding to the beginning of the next and then you need to connect three phases of the electrical network to the three connection points.
Connecting a star-delta circuit.

Thanks to this circuit, we can get maximum power, but we will not have the opportunity to change the direction of rotation. In order for the circuit to work, three starters will be needed. The first (K1) is connected to power on one side, and the ends of the windings are connected to the other. Their origins are connected to K2 and K3. From the K2 starter, the windings are connected to other phases using a triangle connection. When K3 turns on, all three phases are short-circuited and, as a result, the electric motor operates in a star circuit.

It is important that K2 and K3 are not started at the same time, as this may lead to emergency shutdown. This scheme works as follows. When K1 starts, the relay temporarily turns on K3 and the engine starts as a star. After starting the engine, K3 is turned off and K2 is started. And the electric motor starts working in a triangle pattern. Stopping work occurs by turning off K1.

Three-phase motor connection diagrams - motors designed to operate from a three-phase network have much higher performance than single-phase 220 volt motors. Therefore, if three phases are carried out in the workroom alternating current, then the equipment must be installed taking into account the connection to three phases. Eventually, three phase motor, connected to the network, provides energy savings and stable operation of the device. No need to connect additional elements for start. The only condition for good operation of the device is error-free connection and installation of the circuit, in compliance with the rules.

Three-phase motor connection diagrams

Of the many circuits created by specialists, two methods are practically used for installing an asynchronous motor.

Star diagram.
Triangle diagram.

The names of the circuits are given according to the method of connecting the windings to the supply network. To determine on an electric motor which circuit it is connected to, you need to look at the specified data on a metal plate that is installed on the motor housing.

Even on old motor samples, it is possible to determine the method of connecting the stator windings, as well as the mains voltage. This information will be correct if the engine has already been in operation and there are no operational problems. But sometimes you need to make electrical measurements.

Star connection diagrams for a three-phase motor make it possible to start the motor smoothly, but the power is 30% less than the rated value. Therefore, in terms of power, the triangle circuit remains the winner. There is a feature regarding the current load. The current increases sharply during startup, this negatively affects the stator winding. The heat generated increases, which has a detrimental effect on the winding insulation. This leads to insulation failure and damage to the electric motor.

Many European devices delivered to domestic market, are equipped with European electric motors operating with voltages from 400 to 690 V. Such 3-phase motors must be installed in a 380 volt network of domestic voltage only according to the triangular pattern of stator windings. Otherwise, the motors will immediately fail. Russian motors for three phases are connected in a star. Occasionally, a triangle circuit is installed to obtain from the engine highest power, used in special types industrial equipment.

Manufacturers today make it possible to connect three-phase electric motors according to any circuit. If there are three ends in the mounting box, then the factory star circuit has been produced. And if there are six terminals, then the motor can be connected according to any scheme. When mounting in a star, you need to combine the three terminals of the windings into one unit. The remaining three terminals are supplied to phase power with a voltage of 380 volts. In a triangle circuit, the ends of the windings are connected in series in order to each other. Phase power is connected to the node points of the ends of the windings.

Checking the motor connection diagram

Let's imagine the worst case scenario for connecting the windings, when the wire terminals are not marked at the factory, the circuit assembly is carried out in the inside of the motor housing, and one cable is brought out. In this case, it is necessary to disassemble the electric motor, remove the covers, disassemble the internal part, and deal with the wires.

Stator phase determination method

After disconnecting the lead ends of the wires, use a multimeter to measure the resistance. One probe is connected to any wire, the other is brought in turn to all wire terminals until a terminal belonging to the winding of the first wire is found. Do the same for the other terminals. It must be remembered that marking the wires in any way is mandatory.

If there is no multimeter or other device available, then use homemade probes made from a light bulb, wires and batteries.

Winding polarity

To find and determine the polarity of the windings, you need to apply some techniques:

Connect pulsed direct current.
To plug variable source current

Both methods operate on the principle of applying voltage to one coil and transforming it along the magnetic circuit of the core.

How to check the polarity of the windings with a battery and a tester

A voltmeter with increased sensitivity is connected to the contacts of one winding, which can respond to a pulse. Voltage is quickly connected to the other coil with one pole. At the moment of connection, the deviation of the voltmeter needle is monitored. If the arrow moves to the positive, then the polarity coincides with the other winding. When the contact opens, the arrow will go to minus. For the 3rd winding the experiment is repeated.

By changing the terminals to another winding when the battery is turned on, it is determined how correctly the markings of the ends of the stator windings are made.

AC test

Any two windings are connected in parallel with their ends to the multimeter. The voltage is turned on to the third winding. They look at what the voltmeter shows: if the polarity of both windings matches, then the voltmeter will show the voltage value, if the polarities are different, then it will show zero.

The polarity of the 3rd phase is determined by switching the voltmeter, changing the position of the transformer to another winding. Next, control measurements are made.

Star diagram

This type of three-phase motor connection circuit is formed by connecting the windings in different circuits, united by a neutral and a common phase point.

Such a circuit is created after the polarity of the stator windings in the electric motor has been checked. A single-phase voltage of 220V is supplied through a machine to the beginning of 2 windings. Capacitors are inserted into the gap into one: working and starting. The neutral power wire is connected to the third end of the star.

The capacitance value of capacitors (working) is determined by the empirical formula:

C = (2800 I) / U

For the starting circuit, the capacity is increased by 3 times. When the motor is operating under load, it is necessary to control the magnitude of the winding currents by measurements, and adjust the capacitance of the capacitors according to the average load of the mechanism drive. Otherwise, the device will overheat and an insulation breakdown will occur.

It is best to connect the motor to operation through the PNVS switch, as shown in the figure.

It already contains a pair of closure contacts, which together supply voltage to 2 circuits by means of the “Start” button. When the button is released, the circuit breaks. This contact is used to start the circuit. Complete shutdown power supply is done by clicking on “Stop”.

Triangle diagram

The diagram for connecting a three-phase motor with a delta is a repetition of the previous version in startup, but differs in the method of connecting the stator windings.

The currents passing through them more values star chains. The operating capacitances of capacitors require increased rated capacitances. They are calculated using the formula:

C = (4800 I) / U

The correct choice of capacitances is also calculated by the ratio of currents in the stator coils by measuring with a load.

Motor with magnetic starter

A three-phase electric motor operates through a similar circuit with a circuit breaker. This circuit additionally has an on and off block, with Start and Stop buttons.

One phase, normally closed, connected to the motor, is connected to the Start button. When it is pressed, the contacts close and current flows to the electric motor. It must be taken into account that when the Start button is released, the terminals will open and the power will turn off. To prevent such a situation from happening, magnetic switch additionally equipped with auxiliary contacts, which are called self-retaining. They block the chain and prevent it from breaking when the Start button is released. You can turn off the power using the Stop button.

As a result, a 3-phase electric motor can be connected to a three-phase voltage network completely different methods, which are selected according to the model and type of device, operating conditions.

Connecting a motor from a machine

A general version of this connection diagram looks like in the figure:

Shown here is a circuit breaker that turns off the power supply to the electric motor when there is excessive current load, and short circuit. The circuit breaker is a simple 3-pole circuit breaker with a thermal automatic load characteristic.

For an approximate calculation and assessment of the required thermal protection current, it is necessary to double the rated power of a motor designed to operate from three phases. Rated power indicated on a metal plate on the motor housing.

Such connection diagrams for a three-phase motor may well work if there are no other connection options. The duration of the work cannot be predicted. This is the same if you twist an aluminum wire with a copper one. You never know how long it will take for the twist to burn out.

When using a three-phase motor connection diagram, you need to carefully select the current for the machine, which should be 20% more current motor operation. Select the thermal protection properties with a reserve so that the blocking does not work during startup.

If, for example, the motor is 1.5 kilowatts, the maximum current is 3 amperes, then the machine needs at least 4 amperes. The advantage of this motor connection scheme is low cost, simple design and maintenance.

If the electric motor is in one number and works a full shift, then there are the following disadvantages:

It is impossible to adjust the thermal operating current circuit breaker. To protect the electric motor, current protective shutdown the machine is set to 20% more operating current according to the motor rating. The motor current needs to be through certain time measure with clamps, adjust the thermal protection current. But a simple circuit breaker does not have the ability to adjust the current.
You cannot turn the electric motor off and on remotely.

Theoretical material presented in the first part of the topic dedicated to single-phase connection three-phase electric motor, is designed so that a home master can consciously transfer industrial devices from a 380-volt network to 220-volt household electrical wiring.

Thanks to it, you will not just mechanically repeat our recommendations, but will implement them consciously.

Optimal diagrams for connecting a three-phase motor to a single-phase household network

Among the many ways to connect an electric motor in practice, only two are widely used, called briefly:

star;
triangle.

The name is given by the method of connecting windings in an electrical circuit inside the stator. Both methods differ in that they apply a different voltage to each phase of the motor.

In a star circuit, linear voltage is applied directly to two windings connected in series. Their electrical resistance folds up and provides greater resistance to passing current.

In a triangle, linear voltage is applied to each winding individually and therefore has less resistance. Currents are created higher in amplitude.

Let us pay attention to these two differences and draw practical conclusions for their use:

the star circuit has reduced currents in the windings, allows you to operate the electric motor for a long time with minimal loads, and provide small torques on the shaft;
more high currents created by the triangle design provide better output power, allow the engine to be used under extreme loads, so it requires reliable cooling for long-term work.

These two differences are explained in detail in the picture. Look at her carefully. For clarity, red arrows specifically mark the incoming voltages from the line (linear) and those applied to the windings (phase). For a triangle circuit they are the same, but for a star they are reduced by connecting two windings through the neutral.

These methods should be analyzed in relation to the operating conditions of your future mechanism at the design stage, before the start of its creation. Otherwise, the motor of the star circuit may not be able to cope with the connected loads and will stop, while the motor of the delta circuit may overheat and eventually burn out. The motor current load can be determined by selecting the connection diagram.

How to find out the connection diagram for the stator windings of an asynchronous motor

At every plant, it is customary to place information plates on the housing of electrical equipment. An example of its implementation for a three-phase electric motor is shown in the photograph.

The home handyman should not pay attention to all the information, but only to:

power consumption: its value is used to judge the performance of the connected drive;
winding connection diagram - the question has just been sorted out;
the number of revolutions that may require connecting a gearbox;
currents in phases - windings are created for them;
impact protection class external environment- determines operating conditions, including protection from atmospheric moisture.

Factory information can usually be trusted, but it was created for a new engine being sold. This scheme may undergo reconstruction several times during its entire operation, losing its original appearance. An old engine may become inoperable if stored improperly.

Electrical measurements of its circuit should be performed and the insulation condition should be checked.

How to determine stator winding connection diagrams

To carry out electrical measurements, it is necessary to have access to each end of all three windings. Typically, six of their pins are connected to their own bolts inside the terminal box.

But, among the methods of factory installation, there is one when special asynchronous models are made according to a star circuit so that the neutral point is assembled by the ends of the windings inside the housing, and one core of its assembly is connected to the input box. This option, which is unsuccessful for us, will require unscrewing the studs securing the covers on the body to remove them. Then you need to get to the junction of the windings and disconnect their ends.

Electrical inspection of stator winding ends

After finding both ends for one winding, they must be marked with their own markings for subsequent checks and connections.

Polarity measurements of stator windings

Since the windings are wound strictly in a certain way, then we need to accurately find their beginnings and endings. There are two simple electrical methods for this:

short-term supply direct current in one winding to create a pulse;
use of a source of variable EMF.

In both cases, the principle of electromagnetic induction works. After all, the windings are assembled inside a magnetic circuit, which ensures good transformation of electricity.

Battery pulse test

The work is performed on two windings at once. The picture shows this process for three - so it's less to draw.

The process consists of two stages. First, unipolar windings are determined, and then a control check is carried out to eliminate possible error of the measurements taken.

To search for unipolar terminals, a DC voltmeter switched to the limit of the sensitive scale is connected to any free winding. We will use it to implement , which appears due to the transformation of the impulse.

The negative terminal of the battery is rigidly connected to an arbitrary end of the second winding, and the positive terminal is briefly touched to its second end. This moment is shown in the picture by the contact of the button.

Observe the behavior of the voltmeter needle, which reacts to the supply of an impulse in its circuit. It can move towards plus or minus. The coincidence of the polarities of both windings will be shown by a positive deviation, and the difference - negative.

When the pulse is removed, the arrow will go to reverse side. They also pay attention to this. Then the ends are marked.

After this, the measurement is performed on the third winding, and control check carried out by switching the battery to another circuit.

Testing with a step-down transformer

It is recommended to use a 24 volt AC EMF source in order to ensure electrical safety. It is not recommended to neglect this requirement.

First, take two arbitrary windings, for example, No. 2 and No. 3. Connect their terminals together in pairs and connect a voltmeter, but with alternating current, to these places. The remaining winding No. 1 is supplied with voltage from the step-down transformer and the readings from it appear on the voltmeter.

If the vectors are directed equally, then they will not influence each other and the voltmeter will show their total value - 24 volts. When the polarity is reversed, then on the voltmeter the opposing vectors will add up and add up to the number 0, which will be displayed on the scale as an arrow. Immediately after measuring, the ends should also be marked.

Then you need to check the polarity for the remaining pair and perform a test measurement.

With such simple electrical experiments, one can reliably determine the belonging of the ends to the windings and their polarity. This will help to assemble them correctly for the capacitor starting circuit.

Checking the insulation resistance of the stator windings

If the engine was stored in an unheated room, it came into contact with moist air and became damp. Its insulation is broken and can create leakage currents. Therefore, its quality must be assessed by electrical measurements.

A tester in ohmmeter mode is not always able to detect such a violation. It will only show an obvious defect: the power of its current source is too low and does not provide an accurate measurement result. To check the condition of the insulation, you must use a megohmmeter - special device With powerful source power supply providing application to the measuring circuit high voltage 500 or 1000 volts.

An assessment of the insulation condition must be carried out before applying operating voltage to the windings. If leakage currents are detected, you can try to dry the engine in a warm, well-ventilated environment. Often this technique allows you to restore the functionality of the electrical circuit assembled inside the stator core.

Starting an asynchronous motor according to a star circuit

For this method, the ends of all windings K1, K2, K3 are connected at the neutral point and are isolated, and line voltage is applied to their beginnings.

The working zero of the network is rigidly connected to one beginning, and the phase potential to the other two in the following way:

the first winding is rigidly connected;
the second cuts through the capacitor assembly.

For fixed connection for an asynchronous motor, it is necessary to first determine the phase and working zero of the supply network.

How to choose capacitors

The electric motor starting circuit uses two chains to connect the winding through capacitor assemblies:

working - connected in all modes;
starting - used only for intensive rotation of the rotor.

At the moment of startup, both of these circuits operate in parallel, and when brought into operating mode, the starting circuit is turned off.

The capacity of the working capacitors must correspond to the power consumption electric motor. To calculate it, use the empirical formula:

C slave=2800∙I/U.

The values of the rated current I and voltage U included in it precisely introduce an adjustment for the electrical power of the engine.

Capacity starting capacitors usually 2÷3 times higher than the working one.

The correct selection of capacitors affects the formation of currents in the windings. They must be checked after starting the engine under load. To do this, measure the currents in each winding and compare them in magnitude and angle. Good operation carried out with the minimum possible distortion. Otherwise, the engine will run unstably, and one or two windings will overheat.

The starting diagram shows the switch SA, which puts into operation the a short time starting starting capacitor. There are many button designs that allow you to perform this operation.

However, I would like to draw attention to special device, produced in Soviet times by industry for washing machines with an activator - a centrifuge.

Its closed case contains a mechanism consisting of:

two contacts that close when the top “Start” button is pressed;
one contact that opens the entire circuit from the “Stop” button.

When you press the Start button, the circuit phase is supplied to the engine through working capacitors in one chain and starting capacitors in another. When the button is released, one contact is broken. It is connected to the starting capacitors.

Starting an asynchronous motor using a triangle pattern

There are practically no big differences between this method and the previous one. The starting and working chains operate according to the same algorithms.

In this scheme it is necessary to take into account increased currents flows in the windings and other methods of selecting capacitors for them.

Their calculation is carried out using a formula similar to the previous one, but different:

C slave=4800∙I/U.

The relationship between the starting and running capacitors does not change. Do not forget to evaluate their selection by control measurements of currents under rated load.

Final conclusions

Existing technical methods allow you to connect three-phase asynchronous motors to a single-phase 220 volt network. Numerous researchers offer a wide range of experimental schemes for this purpose.
However, this method does not ensure efficient use of electrical power resources due to large energy losses associated with poor-quality voltage conversion for connection to the stator phases. Therefore, the engine operates with low efficiency and increased costs.
Long-term operation of machines with such engines is not economically justified.
The method can only be recommended for connecting non-critical mechanisms for a short period of time.
With the aim of effective use asynchronous electric motor it is necessary to apply full three-phase connection or a modern expensive inverter converter of appropriate power.
A single-phase electric motor with the same power in a household network is better able to cope with all tasks, and its operation will be cheaper.

Thus, the designs asynchronous motors, previously widely connected to home wiring, are now not popular, and the method of connecting them is outdated and rarely used.

A variant of such a mechanism is shown in a photograph of an emery board with the protective shield and limit stop removed for clarity. Even with this design, it is difficult to work on it due to power losses.

Practical advice from Alexander Shenrok, presented in his video, clearly complements the material in the article and allows you to better understand this topic. I recommend viewing it, but be critical of measuring the insulation resistance with a tester.

Ask questions in the comments, share the article with friends via social network buttons.

Connecting a three-phase electric motor

The asynchronous three-phase motor confidently holds a leading position in all areas of application of electric motors. Basically, such electric motors are produced for two rated voltages of a three-phase network 380/220. Connecting a three-phase electric motor to a particular voltage is possible by switching the windings from star (380 V) to delta (220 V).

In order to understand how to connect an electric motor, you need to pay attention to the block where the ends of the windings come out. You definitely need to pay attention to how the jumpers are located in most electric motors. The location of the jumpers is indicated on the burner cover (the box on the motor where the ends of the windings go). It happens that the electric motor does not have a block, then the manufacturer produces two bundles of three winding ends in each. That is, in the first bundle the ends of the beginning of the windings are collected, and in the second bundle the ends of the windings are collected.

Connecting a three-phase electric motor to a star - this is a connection of the windings to the zero point, that is, to put it simply, you have two bundles of wires. As written above, one bundle is the beginning of the windings, the second bundle is the end of the windings. We take any of these bundles and connect the three ends together using a bolt with washers (this is the zero point). Or if there is a block connection, then we close the three ends of the windings with special jumpers that come with the electric motor. We supply three phases to the remaining three ends of the windings and as a result we get a star connection to the electric motor.

If it didn't work out correct rotation electric motor, this can be corrected by reversing the phases in the beam where the voltage is supplied.

Connecting a three-phase electric motor in a triangle – this is the connection of the electric motor windings in series. That is, the end of one winding is the beginning of another. In order to correctly connect the electric motor in a triangle, you need to determine the ends of each of the windings, arrange them in pairs and, based on the diagram below, connect them correctly.

The main thing is to follow the rules "The end of one winding is the beginning of another." Just like in a delta connection, correct rotation of the electric motor is achieved by reversing the phases.

Incorrect connection of the electric motor is one of the reasons for the malfunction of electric motors.

The motor nameplate provides all the information about possible connection him in three-phase network, it is necessary to use the provided data correctly to avoid costly equipment breakdowns. In the next article we will look at

One of the reasons for connecting a three-phase motor to single-phase circuit is that the supply electrical energy for industrial facilities and for domestic needs is radically different.

For industrial production, electrical enterprises manufacture electric motors with a three-phase power system, and to start the motor you need to have 3 phases.

What to do if you purchased motors for industrial production, but need to connect to home socket? Some skilled specialists, with the help of simple electrical diagrams, adapt the electric motor to a single-phase network.

Winding connection diagram

To understand a person who first encountered similar problem, you need to know how a three-phase motor works. If you open the connection cover, you can see the block and wires connected to the terminals, their number will be 6.

A three-phase electric motor has three windings and, accordingly, 6 terminals, they have a beginning and an end, and are connected in electrical configurations called “star and delta”.

This is interesting, but in most cases the standard switching is formed into a “star”, since the connection into a “delta” leads to a loss of power, but the engine speed increases.

It happens that the wires are in an arbitrary position and are not connected to the connectors or there is no terminal at all. In this case, you need to use a tester or ohmmeter.

You need to ring each wire and find a pair, these will be the three windings of the motor. Next, we connect it into a “star” configuration as follows: beginning-end-beginning. We clamp three wires under one terminal. There should be three outputs left, and further switching will occur to them. It is important to know: In the household network, a single-phase power supply system or “phase and zero” is organized. This configuration must be used to connect the motor. First, we connect one wire from the electric motor to any wire of the network, then we connect it to the second end of the winding network wire

and one end of the capacitor block there.

The last wire from the motor and the unconnected contact of the set of capacitors remain free, we connect them and the circuit for starting a three-phase motor into a single-phase network is ready. They can be represented graphically as follows:
A, B, C - lines of a 3-phase circuit.
F and O – phase and zero.

C – capacitor.

In industrial production, a 3-phase voltage supply system is used. According to PUE standards, all network buses are marked with letter values and have the corresponding color:

A – yellow.

B – green.

C – red. It is noteworthy that regardless of the location of the phases, in, bus “B”, with green

, should always be in the middle. Attention! The interphase voltage is measured by a special device that has passed state testing and is carried out by a worker who has the appropriate tolerance group. Ideally, the phase-to-phase voltage is – 380 volts.

Electric motor device Most often, we come across electric motors with a three-phase asynchronous operating circuit. What is the engine? This is the shaft on which the squirrel cage rotor

, on the edges of which there are sliding bearings.

The stator is made of transformer steel, with high magnetic permeability, cylindrical in shape with longitudinal grooves for laying wires and a surface insulating layer. By, the winding wires are laid in the stator channels and insulated from the housing. The symbiosis of stator and rotor is called an asynchronous electric motor.

How to calculate capacitor capacity

To start a 3-phase motor from a household network, it is necessary to perform some manipulations with capacitor units. To start an electric motor without a “load”, you need to select the capacitance of the capacitor based on the formula 7-10 mF per 100 W of motor power.

If you look closely at the side of the electric motor, you will find its passport, where the power of the unit is indicated. For example: if the motor has a power of 0.5 kW, then the capacitance of the capacitor should be 35 - 50 mF.

It should be noted that only “permanent” capacitors are used, and in no case “electrolytic”. Pay attention to the inscriptions that are located on the side of the case; they indicate the capacitance of the capacitor, measured in microfarads, and the voltage for which they are designed.

The block of starting capacitors is assembled exactly according to this formula. Using the engine as a power unit: connecting it to a water pump or using it as a circular saw, requires an additional block of capacitors. This design is called working capacitor units.

They start the engine and, by connecting in series or parallel, select the capacitance of the capacitor so that the sound from the electric motor comes from the quietest, but there is a more accurate method for selecting the capacitance.

To accurately select a capacitor, you need to have a device called a capacitor store. By experimenting with different connection combinations, we achieve same value voltage between all three windings. Then they read the capacitance and select the desired capacitor.

Necessary materials

In the process of connecting a 3-phase motor to a single-phase network, you will need some materials and devices:

A set of capacitors with different ratings or a “store of capacitors”.
Electrical wires, type PV-2.5.
Voltmeter or tester.
3 position switch.

Basic tools should be at hand: voltage indicator, dielectric pliers, insulating tape, fasteners.

Parallel and series connection of capacitors

The capacitor belongs to electronic parts and when different combinations switching, its nominal values may vary.

Parallel connection:

Serial connection:

It should be noted that when parallel connection The capacitances of the capacitors will add up, but the voltage will decrease, and vice versa, the series version gives an increase in voltage and a decrease in capacitance.

In conclusion, we can say that there are no hopeless situations, you just need to put in a little effort and the result will not be long in coming. Electrical engineering is an educational and useful science.

How to connect a three-phase motor to a single-phase network, see instructions in the following video: