Graphic file formats (presentation). Graphic file formats Programs for working with raster and vector graphics
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BMP BMP format - (Windows Bitmap) was developed by Microsoft as compatible with everyone Windows applications. This is a “pure” raster format, where every pixel is encoded, therefore, of all raster formats, it is the “heaviest” (i.e., having the largest information volume). Advantages: high quality images Disadvantages: very large file size, which makes it very difficult or impossible to store and transfer, especially to the Internet These two files (left and right (just White background)) – BMP – pictures that have the same information volume!!! (the size of the file does not depend on the degree to which the picture is filled with objects, since each pixel is encoded in both pictures). Raster graphics formats
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JPEG format JPEG - (Joint Photographic Experts Group) - specially compressed raster file(with loss of quality). JPEG looks for smooth color transitions by processing 8-pixel square blocks. Instead of actual values, JPEG stores the rate of change from pixel to pixel. He discards color information that, from his point of view, is poorly perceived by the human eye, averaging some values. The higher the compression level, the more data is discarded and the lower the quality. The format is hardware independent. Only the final version of the work should be saved in JPEG, because each resaving leads to more data loss (discarding) and turning the original image into mush. Advantages: high quality images with small file sizes (compressing images tens and hundreds of times). The most common format, used for storing photographs and posting full-color images on the Internet. Disadvantages: does not support image transparency, image blur occurs with a high degree of compression. Raster graphics formats
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GIF format GIF - (Graphics Interchange Format) - created specifically for transferring images to the Internet by CompuServe. GIF can store images in indexed color mode (up to 256), i.e. By moving to the GIF format, we reduce the number of colors and file size (in cases where simple picture does not require millions of colors). File compression is performed by replacing a sequence of identical characters with one multiplied by the number of repetitions (LZW algorithm). Besides, GIF file may contain not one, but several raster images, which Internet browsers can load one after another with the frequency specified in the file. This is called GIF animation. Advantages: small file size, support for transparency and animation of drawings, the most popular format on the Internet (design of Web pages, banners). Disadvantages: the main limitation of using GIF is the small number of reproducible colors (up to 256). This is clearly not enough for printing. Raster graphics formats
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Example of GIF animation: The picture contains 3 layers (frames), in each of which one of the colors is “lit”. GIF “can” show frames (layers) one by one, creating the effect of a traffic light switching. GIF allows you to save files using interlaced scanning. When using this method, the browser first shows every 8th line, then every 4th, every 2nd, and finally the full image is loaded. At the same time, a visitor to your page will be able to understand what is drawn in this picture without waiting for it full load, which is very convenient. An example of interlaced loading of a picture on the Web page Raster Graphics Formats
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PSD format PSD format is standard format package Adobe Photoshop and differs from most conventional raster formats in the ability to store layers. The format supports alpha channels, layers, outlines, transparency, vector labels, etc. Perfect for transferring or storing images containing specific elements unique to Adobe Photoshop. Main disadvantage– hardware dependent. Raster graphics formats
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PNG format This format, created specifically for use on the Internet to replace GIF, compresses graphic information without loss of quality. Unlike GIF, it compresses raster images not only horizontally, but also vertically, which provides a higher compression ratio. The color depth can be any, up to 48 bits (RGB, for comparison, is 24), and smoothly transitioning transparency is supported. To file PNG format gamma correction information is recorded. Gamma is a certain number that characterizes the dependence of the brightness of your monitor screen on the voltage on the electrodes of the kinescope. This number, read from the file, allows you to enter a brightness correction when displaying. It is needed so that a picture created on a Mac looks the same on a PC and on Silicon Graphics. Thus, this feature helps implement the main idea of WWW - the same display of information regardless of the user’s equipment. PNG files can be done by all major graphic editors. Raster graphics formats
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TGA format TGA (Targa) is the name graphics adapter Truevision, which was the first to use the TGA format. The format can store images with a color depth of up to 32 bits. Along with the standard three RGB channels, the TGA file has an additional alpha channel to represent information about the transparency of the image. Information may be compressed. The main advantage is that the format is used software products many famous in the world computer graphics firms Raster graphics formats
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TIFF format TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) - the hardware-independent TIFF format is one of the most widespread and reliable today; it is supported by almost all programs on PC and Macintosh in one way or another related to graphics. TIFF is best choice when importing raster graphics into vector programs And publishing systems. The whole range is available to him color models from monochrome to RGB, CMYK and additional Pantone colors. TIFF can save Photoshop vectors, Alpha channels for creating masks in video clips Adobe Premiere and a lot of other additional data. Biggest problems usually causes LZW compression, sometimes used in TIFF "e. A number of programs (for example, QuarkXPress 3.x and Adobe Streamline) cannot read such files, in addition, they may take longer to output to printers and phototypesetting machines. Only if the file is compressed in 3-4 times, the result is a gain in withdrawal time.
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Let's summarize... the BMP format is very high-quality graphics, but a large file size; JPEG format is the most suitable for storage high-quality images and photographs, acceptable ratio of quality and file size; JPEG format is commonly used for drawings High Quality containing thousands and millions of colors (up to 16.7 million shades); Ease of use JPEG drawings is that by changing the quality of the picture, you can control the degree of file compression; The browser is capable of loading pictures into JPEG format only linearly, from top line to the bottom; GIF format the best way suitable for images that contain a small number of different colors; Let's sum it up...
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To recap...the interleaved GIF is first loaded from low resolution, and then, as the whole picture appears, its quality gradually improves. This way, the user can see the gist of the image before the entire image appears; One of the colors of GIF images can be made transparent so that the background color of the current browser window can be seen; format TIFF files used as universal format for exchange digital images; PNG format (Portable Network Graphics - portable network graphics) is an alternative to the GIF format, but allows you to save millions of colors in an image; Let's sum it up...
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Graphics optimization The meaning of graphics optimization is to reduce the information volume of a graphic file, especially for posting it on the Internet. Let's remember that the file size depends on the image size in pixels and color depth: Therefore, you can reduce the size of the image (optimize it) in the following ways: Reduces the image size in pixels (A × B); reducing color depth I (using fewer colors); file compression (compression) using special methods, discarding part of the color information, using GIF formats. Graphics Optimization FILE SIZE (V) = A ×B ×I
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PNG format This format, created specifically for use on the Internet to replace GIF, compresses graphic information without loss of quality. Unlike GIF, it compresses raster images not only horizontally, but also vertically, which provides a higher compression ratio. The color depth can be any, up to 48 bits (RGB, for comparison, is 24), and smoothly transitioning transparency is supported. The PNG file records gamma correction information. Gamma is a certain number that characterizes the dependence of the brightness of your monitor screen on the voltage on the electrodes of the kinescope. This number, read from the file, allows you to enter a brightness correction when displaying. It is needed so that a picture created on a Mac looks the same on a PC and on Silicon Graphics. Thus, this feature helps implement the main idea of WWW - the same display of information regardless of the user’s equipment. PNG files can be made by all major graphics editors.
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TIFF format TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) - the hardware-independent TIFF format is one of the most widespread and reliable today; it is supported by almost all programs on PC and Macintosh in one way or another related to graphics. TIFF is the best choice when importing raster graphics into vector programs and publishing systems. It has a full range of color models available from monochrome to RGB, CMYK and additional Pantone colors. TIFF can save Photoshop vectors, Alpha channels for creating masks in Adobe Premiere video clips, and a lot of other additional data. The biggest problems are usually caused by LZW compression, sometimes used in TIFF. A number of programs (for example, QuarkXPress 3.x and Adobe Streamline) cannot read such files; in addition, they may take longer to output to printers and phototypesetting machines. Only if the file is compressed 3-4 times, there is a gain in output time.
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PNG format This format, created specifically for use on the Internet to replace GIF, compresses graphic information without loss of quality. Unlike GIF, it compresses raster images not only horizontally, but also vertically, which provides a higher compression ratio. The color depth can be any, up to 48 bits (RGB, for comparison, is 24), and smoothly transitioning transparency is supported. The PNG file records gamma correction information. Gamma is a certain number that characterizes the dependence of the brightness of your monitor screen on the voltage on the electrodes of the kinescope. This number, read from the file, allows you to enter a brightness correction when displaying. It is needed so that a picture created on a Mac looks the same on a PC and on Silicon Graphics. Thus, this feature helps implement the main idea of WWW - the same display of information regardless of the user’s equipment. PNG files can be made by all major graphics editors.
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TIFF format TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) - the hardware-independent TIFF format is one of the most widespread and reliable today; it is supported by almost all programs on PC and Macintosh in one way or another related to graphics. TIFF is the best choice when importing raster graphics into vector programs and publishing systems. It has a full range of color models available from monochrome to RGB, CMYK and additional Pantone colors. TIFF can save Photoshop vectors, Alpha channels for creating masks in Adobe Premiere video clips, and a lot of other additional data. The biggest problems are usually caused by LZW compression, sometimes used in TIFF. A number of programs (for example, QuarkXPress 3.x and Adobe Streamline) cannot read such files; in addition, they may take longer to output to printers and phototypesetting machines. Only if the file is compressed 3-4 times, there is a gain in output time.
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IT-teacher
GRAPHIC FILE FORMATS
- Universal and original formats
- Exercise 1
- Task2
What is a graphics file format
Formats graphic files determine
- way storing information in a file ( raster or vector)
- form information storage (used compression algorithm)
- To compress pictures like appliqués containing large areas of solid color, the most effective compression algorithm is one that replaces a sequence of pixels of the same color with two values - pixel and number of repetitions.
- This compression algorithm is used in graphic files of the format BMP And PCX .
- For drawings like diagrams It is advisable to use a compression algorithm that uses a search for repeating “patterns” in a picture.
- This compression algorithm is used in formats TIFF And GIF and allows you to compress the file several times.
- To compress scanned photos And illustrations algorithm used JPEG (JPG) , which allows you to compress files tens of times, however, irreversible loss of information may occur, that is, the files cannot be restored to their original form.
- This algorithm takes advantage of the fact that the human eye is very sensitive to changes in the brightness of individual pixels in an image, but is much less able to detect changes in color.
- Universal formats can be processed by most graphic editors.
- Original formats are recognized only by the program in which the images were created.
- The advantage of original file formats is that they either allow you to save images when smaller size file, or, if necessary, continue working with the image in this program, they save all information about the processing (layers, history, etc.).
- Problem 1
- The bit depth is 32, the video memory is divided into two pages, the display resolution is 800 x 600. Calculate the amount of video memory.
- Problem 2
- Determine the information volume of a raster image measuring 1024x768 pixels and consisting of 64 different colors.
Task 2 (practical work)
1) Draw a picture in raster graphics Paint editor, save it in the "Formats" folder first with the extension .bmp, then with extensions . ipg , .gif , .tif , .png. Compare the sizes of the resulting files using table1, which you can create in Word.
2) Convert an arbitrary picture (.jpg format) in the program MS Office Picture Manager and save the results of the work in the form of a table2.
Format
Information volume
File name:
File name
Initial file size (information volume)
Final file size (information volume)
Changes (editing) of the file
- Semakin I.G., Henner E.K. Computer Science and ICT. Textbook for grades 10-11. A basic level of. Moscow. BINOMIAL. Knowledge Laboratory. 2012.
- Ugrinovich N.D. Computer Science and information Technology. Textbook for grades 10-11. Moscow. BINOMIAL. Knowledge Laboratory. 200 7.
“Graphic image” - Z. Illustrative graphics Drawing using a computer based on the use of graphic editors. Monitor. Pseudographic printing on an iconic printing device in the form of a mosaic of symbols. Colored. Pixel. Design graphics Preparation of drawings in the process of designing technical structures.
"Computer Image" - Mapping night tone to day tone. Reconstruction of the head shape from photographs (3). IP -> CV -> CG. Scene reconstruction and photomontage. Reconstruction of the head shape from photographs. At the input and output of the image The simplest examples: changing the brightness, saturation, contrast of images. Organization of the course.
“Engineering graphics” - During the Renaissance, the laws of linear and aerial perspective were theoretically substantiated. Petrine reforms of the early 18th century. accelerated the development of graphic culture in Russia. The theoretical foundations of descriptive geometry are associated with the name of G. Monge (1746-1818). One of the first known works on engineering graphics there was a treatise “10 books on architecture” by the Roman engineer Vitruvius (1st century BC).
"Raster images" - Raster encoding graphic information V decimal system Reckoning RT: No. 39 (1), p. 31. Objective: 4. Insignificant zeros. Introduction to the principles of black-and-white and color coding raster images. 12. 11. Raster coding graphic information. Types of computer graphics. 06/04/2012. 00001001.
“Types of computer graphics” - Types of computer graphics. Vector graphics is objective. Raster. View – Scale – Custom – 800% View – Scale – Show Grid. Line. The simplest element is an equilateral triangle. Vector graphics. Smallest element. Triangle. Start – programs – standard – paint. Draw any picture in vector and raster form.
“Graphic files” - Butterfly.psd. Raster - raster. Raster – vector (tracing) Corel TRACE. Butterfly.tiff. Vector – raster (rasterization) Adobe Photoshop. Butterfly.doc. Graphic file formats. Vector formats -. Raster formats. Convert files from one format to another. Vector - vector.
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