Interesting tasks in Photoshop. Methodological recommendations for performing practical work on Adobe Photoshop
- New document 500x500 pixels.
- New layer. Using an elliptical selection (use the “Add to selection” options button) and the fill tool, draw the body of the penguin. Remove selection.
- Draw the forehead. Fill the elliptical selection with a gradient (tool in the Fill group), colors - black and white.
- We also draw the stomach:
- Draw the eyes on a new layer (elliptical selection area, fill, stroke of the selected area, move tool). Duplicate the eye layer with the command Layer - DuplicateLayer (Layer - Duplicate layer). Merge all layers except the background.
- Mouth. New layer. Draw a red oval. Rectangular selection select the upper half of the oval. Edit - Transform - Scale (Editing - Transformation - Scaling). Deform it by the upper middle square (pull it down), confirm the transformation by checking the box in the parameters bar. Stroke with yellow color. Transfer to the penguin's head and combine with the body layer.
- Paws and wings. A new layer below the body layer. On a new layer - oval discharge, fill it with yellow or black. Transform by rotation: Edit - Transform - Rotate. Duplicate layers, expand horizontally:Edit - Transform - Flip Horizontal, move it towards the body, merge the layers except the background.
Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus
BELARUSIAN NATIONAL
TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Management Technologies and Humanitarianization
Department of Customs Affairs
Guidelines and assignments
for laboratory work
at the rate
"Computer Information Technologies"
Section "Computer graphics""
for students of economic specialties
UDC 002.6 (075.8)
Compiled by:
T.A.Galai
Reviewers:
Laboratory work No. 1. Familiarization with graphic Adobe editor Photoshop. 4
Theoretical part 4
Tasks 4
Adobe Photoshop. Laboratory work No. 2. Working with documents in Adobe Photoshop. 9
Tasks. 9
Laboratory work No. 1. Familiarization with the Adobe Photoshop graphic editor.
Purpose of work: To study the tools of the Adobe Photoshop graphic editor and how to configure it in various modes. Get acquainted with floating panels and their purpose. Learn to create and save different types of files in Adobe Photoshop.
Theoretical part
Currently, there are a large number of computer programs designed to create and process graphic information. AdobePhotoshop is the biggest whale in the sea of graphic editors. It allows you to process photographs and create book and magazine illustrations at a high professional level.
Photoshop mainly works with raster graphics, although it can also process vector images. Most often, such images are obtained using a digital camera, by scanning an image, or by “capturing” a video frame.
A raster image is a matrix of multi-colored dots. Storing bitmap images requires a large amount of memory. Such images are difficult to scale and edit.
The main parameters of a raster image are:
image size (in inches, centimeters, dots, picas, etc.);
resolution (number of pixels per unit size);
color depth (number of bits per pixel).
Tasks
In the left corner there is a toolbar - these are the tools of your labor. Using these buttons you will select, move, transform and color your image. When you press any button, it becomes active - this element is selected. Not all buttons fit on the panel - some are hidden. Select the Rectangular Selection button. Click and hold your mouse a little on the small triangle in the lower right corner of the button - you will see that there are actually 4 hiding there different ways discharge.
3. On the right side of the screen there are PALETTES. There are only 13 palettes and they are combined into several groups. If the palette is not on the screen, it can be called up through the WINDOW menu. Each palette has a menu, which is called up with the right arrow.
To prevent palettes from interfering with viewing the image, they can be removed using the SHIFT + TAB keys. The same keys will return the palettes to their place.
Pay attention to the palette Color . It allows you to set the foreground color and background color. You can select the appropriate color by moving the sliders R (for red), G (for green), B (For of blue color). You can enter a numeric value for each color, or simply click the eyedropper to sample the color.
Create new file menu command FILE – NEW. In the dialog box, specify the parameters with which the document will be created:
Appeared new document 300x300 pixels in size with a resolution of 72 pixels per inch, with a background layer filled with white. It is quite difficult to work with a document without seeing its actual dimensions, so you should turn on the ruler guides (VIEW – GUIDES or CTRL+R).
Select the tool " Brush" Using the palette Color", choose a color for your brush (for example, light green). Use your mouse to write the word Photoshop at the top of the window.
Apparently it didn't turn out too smooth.
D 
To align objects along lines, set image boundaries, check vertical and horizontal lines convenient to use guides(solid blue lines). Click on any ruler and drag the pointer down or to the right. Guides can be moved using the " Moving" In order not to accidentally move the guides during operation, they can be secured (VIEW – FIX GUIDES). They can be temporarily hidden VIEW – SHOW – GUIDES, or deleted (VIEW – CLEAR GUIDES).
Set some guidelines and try writing the text again (select a dark blue brush color).
It is also convenient to work with the switched on mesh: VIEW – SHOW – GRID.
For change scale image serves as a panel Navigator . In this panel, you can view the entire image in a miniature view. The part visible in the window is indicated by a red frame. You can change the scale by directly entering the percentage value, smoothly moving the slider, or clicking the buttons Decrease And Increase .
Enlarge the image 2x (200%).
Select a tool Brush and try drawing. (To clear the entire image, use EDIT - FILL - USE - WHITE or SELECT - ALL - Delete.)
Notice the properties panel at the top of the screen.
Here you can choose another tool,form brushes, mode,turbidity,flow and enable features spray bottle.
Try working with different brush shapes: hard round, soft round, spatter(splash), chalk(chalk), star(star), grass(grass), leaves(leaves), fuzzball(wet ball) dry brush(dry brush). Choose different brush diameters and colors.
Customize in more detail form brushes can be done using the BRUSH palette.
Brush property Turbidity (more correctly – transparency). Makes the added color transparent (the color becomes lighter, allowing the previous image to show through). As long as you do not release the mouse button (one stroke), the painting continues in an even layer.
Brush property Flow . Acts like turbidity. But at the same time, its own mark is painted over (i.e., the dynamics of the brush movement are taken into account).
Button Enable Sprayer Features valid if the flow is less than 100% (preferably 10-20%). Holding the mouse button in one place makes the image brighter (as if you were holding down the button of a spray bottle).
Fill the drawing field with images different colors and brightness. Now try changing the mode:
Select a 19 px hard round brush, set the color to a medium brightness (for example, dark blue), and change the modes one by one, deselecting each last action(CTRL+Z):
ModeNormal(Normal)
In this mode it happens complete replacement the original color to the added one.
ModeMultiply(Multiplication)
In this mode, the original and added colors are “multiplied”, so the resulting color is always darker than the original one.
If black is added, the resulting color also becomes black. White color does not affect the original color.
ModeScreen(Screen)
In this mode, the original and added colors are “divided”, so the resulting color is always lighter than the original one. If white is added, the resulting color becomes white. Black color does not affect the original color.
ModeOverlay(Overlap)
In this mode they dim dark colors, light ones are lightened. As a result of this overlay of pixels, the contrast of the image increases.
ModeSoftlight(Soft light)
This mode enhances or weakens the color depending on the color applied (the result is similar to ambient lighting)
If the input color (think of it as a light source) is lighter than 50% gray, the original color is whitened (lightened) identically to the tool Dodge (Lighter).
If the added color is darker than 50% gray, the original color is intensified (darkened) in the same way as when the tool is used Burn (Darker).
Using pure white or pure black lightens or darkens the original color, but does not produce pure white and black respectively.
ModeHardlight(Hard light)
In this mode, the color is enhanced (darkened), as in the mode Multiply(Multiplication), or weakening(lightening) colors as in mode Screen(Screen), depending on the color applied (the result resembles illumination with harsh light).
If the input color (consider it also the light source) is lighter than 50% gray, the original color is whitened identically to the mode Screen(Screen). If the added color is darker than 50% gray, the original color is enhanced identically to the mode Multiply(Multiplication)
Using pure white or pure black is identical to normal mode.
The mode is very convenient for creating shadow areas
ModeDarken(darker color)
In this mode, the original colors are replaced, namely only those that are lighter than the one being added, and the points that are darker than the one being added remain unchanged
ModeLighten(color lightening)
In this mode, the original colors are replaced, namely only those that are darker than the one being added, and the points that are lighter than the one being added remain unchanged.
ModeDifference(Difference)
In this mode, the resulting color is equal to the difference in brightness of the original and added colors. As a result of this overlay of pixels, a negative image effect is created.
ModeHue(Shade)
In this mode, the resulting color receives the color tone(shade) of the color added, but retains the values saturation(Saturation) and brightness(Luminosity) original color. Try painting the image with a shade of black.
ModeSaturation(Saturation)
In this mode, the resulting color receives the saturation of the input color, but retains shade(Hue) and brightness(Luminosity) original. Has no effect on grayscale images.
ModeColor(Color)
In this mode, the resulting color is obtained with brightness(Lummosily) original, but with shade(Hue) and saturation(Saturation) introduced. This allows the gray scale to be preserved. It is widely used for color toning of monochrome images.
ModeLuminosity(Glow)
More correctly - brightness. In this mode, the resulting color is obtained with shade(Hue) and saturation(Saturation) of the original color, but with brightness introduced. In the gray scale, the result coincides with the input tone. This mode is the opposite in its result to the mode Color(Color)
ModeDissolve(Dissolution)
To see the effect of this mode, you need an additional condition. Set to field Opacity(Turbidity) value 50%.
In this mode, the original color is replaced with an added one with a random distribution and taking into account transparency. The result is especially noticeable with large instrument sizes Paintbrush(Brush) or Airbrush(Airbrush) and partial turbidity.
Now, using the knowledge you have gained, try to color a black and white image of a butterfly in the grass (file Peacock Butterfly.jpg ).
Figure 1 Peacock butterfly
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Where to download and how to install Photoshop?
What is the difference between “Photoshop for Dummies, 57 Practical Lessons” and “Photoshop from Scratch in Video Format 3.0”?
There is no “Photoshop for Dummies, 57 Practical Lessons” in the course detailed description Adobe Photoshop tools and commands. Here are presented only practical lessons in various areas: restoration and retouching of photographs, creating collages and photo design, drawing, design, creating textures and text effects.
What version of Photoshop are the course lessons recorded in?
Some of the lessons are recorded using CS6, and most are in versions SS 2014, SS 2015.
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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE MURMANSK REGION
STATE AUTONOMOUS EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF THE MURMANSK REGION OF SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION "KANDALAKSHA INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE"
(SAOU MO SPO "KIK")
for performing laboratory work in computer science and ICT
on the topic “Processing of graphic information”
Compiler: Kharchenko Y.S.
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………...2
1. Introduction to the program…………………………….…………………………………...3
2. Laboratory work No. 1…………………………….………………………………………………………...4
3. Laboratory work No. 2…………………………………………………………………………………7
4. Laboratory work No. 3 ………………………………………………………………………………8
5. Laboratory work No. 4 ………………………………………………………………………………….10
6. Laboratory work No. 5 …………………………………………………………………………………..13
7. Laboratory work No. 6 …………………………………………………………………………………..15
8. Laboratory work No. 7 …………………………………………………………………………………..16
9. Laboratory work No. 8 …………………………………………………………………………………..18
10. Laboratory work No. 9 ………………………………………………………………….20
11. Laboratory work No. 10…………………………………………………………………………………23
12. Laboratory work No. 11…………………………………………………………………………………26
13. Laboratory work No. 12………………………………………………………………27
INTRODUCTION
Intensive use of new information technologies is an integral part of the successful activities of specialists in various fields: engineers, economists, lawyers, managers. Currently the most widely used Information Systems based on personal computers(PC). In our country, the de facto standard when working on a PC is the operating system Microsoft system Windows and its applications.
Laboratory workshop is intended for students of various specialties to study the basic capabilities and Adobe features Photoshop. The proposed tasks are basic course on data development software products and do not pretend to have an exhaustive knowledge of them. However, they allow students to develop knowledge and skills that are quite sufficient for image processing.
Topic of the lesson;
Purpose of the lesson;
Tasks;
Providing practical work:
Explanations;
The procedure for completing the lesson;
Literature used.
Criteria for assessing practical tasks.
Mark "5" is set if:
the work is completed completely;
there are no gaps or errors in the logical reasoning and justification of the decision;
there are no mathematical errors in the solution (one inaccuracy or typo is possible, which is not a consequence of ignorance or misunderstanding of the educational material).
Mark "4" is set if:
the work has been completed in full, but the justification for the decision steps is insufficient (if the ability to substantiate reasoning was not a special object of testing);
one significant mistake or two or three minor mistakes were made.
Mark "3" is set if:
more than one significant error or more than two or three insignificant errors were made, but the student has the required skills on the topic being tested; At the same time, at least half of the work was completed correctly.
Mark "2" is set if:
significant errors were made, which showed that the student does not fully possess the required skills on this topic.
Mark "1" is set if:
work showed complete absence the student does not have the required knowledge and skills on the topic being tested or a significant part of the work was not completed independently.
Introduction to Adobe program Photoshop
Theoretical part
Currently, Adobe Photoshop is one of the popular image editing programs in the world. It is widely used by both amateurs and professionals.
Adobe Photoshop users are photographers, retouchers, advertising artists, illustrators, designers, architects, etc.
The vast majority of illustrations are prepared for printing and publication using this program, since Adobe Photoshop allows you to produce very a large number of image processing operations: for example, such as improving the clarity of photographs so that they do not look blurry or incorrect. Retouching tools allow you to remove scratches, dirt and damage from an image.
Editor features:
1.Creation greeting cards
2.Drawing posters
3.Drawing collages
4.Drawing covers, booklets, and posters
5.Creation graphic elements for Web pages
6.Drawing a business card
7.Creating stylish logos
8.Photo retouching
9. Restoration of damaged photographs
10.Changing your appearance in a photo
11.Creation animated pictures
Working window Adobe Photoshop programs:
In addition, Photoshop is often used to create collages in which fragments various images merge together to get unusual effects.
When working with Photoshop, you should differentiate between image resolution and monitor resolution.
Image resolution - This is the number of pixels per unit length of the image. Typically, an image is measured in pixels per inch (1 inch = 2.54 cm) (ppi).
For example, if the image resolution is 72 ppi, then 1 square inch of the image contains 5184 pixels (72 horizontal, 72 vertical, 72*72=5184). The same square inch of an image with a resolution of 144 ppi contains 20.736 pixels (144*144=20.736).
Resolution is determined when an image is digitized using a scanner, digital camera or created in graphics program.
The higher the image resolution, the higher its quality, since in this case more color shades can be conveyed.
The size of a raster image file depends on the number of pixels per inch. How larger size image, the larger its file size.
Monitor resolution – number of video pixels per unit length (one inch). Monitor resolution depends on established size graphic grid. Most often, a resolution of 72 video pixels per inch (dpi) corresponds to an 800*600 graphics grid, and a resolution of 96 dpi corresponds to a 1024*768 graphics grid.
When working with raster images, it is important to understand that the monitor resolution has nothing to do with the image resolution.
Practical part
Laboratory work No. 1
Target:
Basic Concepts
Selected area- a fragment of an image within which editing tools operate. The selected area is delimited by a flickering dotted line.
Masked area- an image located outside the selection. This area is not editable and is therefore protected from accidental changes.
ToolMarquee (Region) designed for selecting rectangular and elliptical areas.
Group The Lasso tool is used to select free-form areas.
ToolMagic Wand (Magic wand)- used to highlight pixels that are close in color.
Crop the image- cropping the image (removing unnecessary fields, fragments of the surrounding environment, etc.).
Task No. 1: Create a vignette to decorate a photo.
Launch Adobe Photoshop using the icon
Open a photo - Portrait .jpg, using the “Pictures for Photoshop” folder located in the folder My documents are my drawings. The program window should look like this:
From the toolbar, select a tool Ellipti Withal Marquee (Oval area).
Create a photo feather by selecting Term menu– Selection – Feather. Feathering will create smooth transition between the pixels of the selected area and the pixels surrounding the selected area.
Enter in the field " Feathering a selected area» value 10.
6. Run the command Selection - Inversion. The selected and masked areas will switch places.
7.Press the key Delete , to delete the selected area.
8.To deselect, run the command Selection – deselect.
9. In front of you is a photograph with a shaded vignette.
10. Save the image to your folder, naming it “Portrait”.
Task No. 2: Apply your own photo to your work and create a vignette.
Laboratory work No. 2
Target: Learn how to edit low-quality images and design them.
Task No. 1: Create a sepia-toned photo.
1.Launch Adobe Photoshop using the icon
2. Open the photo you took in the previous lesson.
3. Run the command Image - Mode - gradation grey.
Color photography will turn into a black and white image. Now let's replace the shades of gray with two colors - black and brown (this is sepia). IN general case a black and white image can be illuminated with three or four colors.
4. Run the command Image – Mode – Duplex. In the window that appears, select “Two-color.”
5.Choose a second type of paint Pantone 1545 C by clicking on the white box:
In the window that appears, find the color type Pantone 1545 C :
Click the button OK. On the screen you will see a warm sepia-toned image, decorated with a shaded vignette. In this way, you can make “antique” photographs.
Save the photo.
Task No. 2: Apply your own photo to your work. Aging her.
Laboratory work No. 3
Target: Learn how to edit low-quality images and design them.
2.Open the file "Fruit".
3.Using the tool Lasso, V
Select only the red apple
along the contour.
4. Make 2 copies of the selected apple. To do this, with the apple selected, press and hold the key
5. Copy the yellow rose 3 times. After the changes have been made, the drawing should look like this:
Task No. 2. Open the file "Yellow". Perform copy and paste operations so that the drawing looks like this:
Laboratory work No. 4
Target: learn how to create a collage
Basic concepts:
Collage- a combination of several fragments of different images in one.
Layer- an analogue of a sheet of transparent film on which a drawing is applied. If you stack such sheets, you will get an image of several drawings. It can be argued that an image on a layer is an analogue of a vector graphics object.
Background layerBackground- the farthest.
Basic operations on layers- deleting, moving, rotating, scaling, changing the order of layers, transferring image fragments from one layer to another, merging layers.
PanelLayers (Layers) used to work with layers. It displays information about the layers of the active document. In addition, this panel allows you to perform various operations on layers.
Task 1: Create a collage.
1.Launch Adobe Photoshop.
2.Open the file " Seasons ».
3.Open the panel " Layers" ( in the main menu, select the “Window” option, check the box Layers). Notice that the Layers panel only contains one background layer.
4. Open the file " Bird ». There is only one layer in this document, on which the image of the bird is located. In this case, the transparent areas are presented in the form of a checkered pattern.
Transparent areas
Press the left mouse button, and without releasing it, move the cursor to the “Seasons” document window. Release the mouse button. A new layer has appeared in the “Seasons” document, which depicts a bird from the “Bird” document:
7.Open the file “leaf” with the image of a leaf.
8.Move the sheet into the “Seasons” document:
9.Open the “Flower” file. Using the tool Lasso,
select the flower along the outline. Run the command Editing - copy.
10. Activate the “Seasons” window (click on it with the left mouse button). Run the command Editing - paste. The image you should get is shown below:
Task 2: Using various pictures, create your own collage.
Laboratory work No. 5
Target: Learn to edit images
Basic concepts:
Main color(foreground color) - the color that is used for drawing, filling selected areas, and also as the starting color of a gradient.
Background color(background color) - the color that appears when pixels are removed from an image.
By default, the foreground color is black and the background color is white. The foreground and background colors are indicated in the color fields on the toolbar.
ToolPencil (Pencil) allows you to create lines with rigid boundaries.
ToolBrush (Brush) used to draw lines with a smooth, blurry outline.
Tooleraser (Eraser) erases unnecessary areas of the image, painting them with the background color.
ToolPaint Bucket (Fill) used to paint parts of an image with a uniform color or pattern.
ToolGradient (Gradient) designed to create fills with smooth transitions between different colors.
ToolSmudge (Finger) used to shift and mix the colors of adjacent pixels.
Properties panelOptions (Options) contains information about the parameters of the selected tool.
Pixel blend mode- the method of interaction between the pixels of the source image and the drawing tool.
Task 1: Color a black and white photo
2.Open the file " Dog" You need to choose the appropriate colors and paint the dog and the bowl with the bone with them.
3.Highlight the dog with a bowl and clouds.
4.Run the command Layer - New - Layer through cutting.
5. Select the dog. Select a tool Brush. Put the Basic tset-brown. Paint certain areas of the dog on the dog's body, but do not completely paint.
6.Run the command Filter – Blur – Gaussian Blur. The Gaussian Blur dialog box opens.
Experiment by moving the scale control " Radius". You will see that the higher the value, the more the colors blur.
7.Select the tip of the nose, and then the eyes and paint over them.
8.Select the clouds. Color them blue.
Task No. 2 Color a black and white photo
1.Launch Adobe Photoshop.
2.Open the file "MyGirl". Let's convert the photo into a multicolor image. To do this, run the command Image – Mode –RGB -color.
3.Using the tool Lasso highlight areas of the face and hands. The properties panel for this tool opens. Set the field value in this panel Feathering equal to 2 pixels.
4. Choose flesh color as the main color.
5.Run the command Editing – Fill. The Fill window will open.
Fill it out as shown above.
The girl's hands and face will turn flesh-colored.
6.Now color your hair. Set the value of the field "P Astushevka" - 5 pixels.
7. Let's color the bow. Set the value of the field "P Astushevka" - 3 pixels.
8.Select the girl's dress (don't forget to do a little shading of the edges of the area). Choose dark purple as your main color and choose dark purple (for example R=102, G=9, B=123) as your main color.
9. Paint the table.
Task No. 3: Color the file yourself Bear .
Laboratory work No. 6
Target:
Task #1: Creating a photo frame.
1.Launch Adobe Photoshop.
2.Open the file " Truck ».
3. To surround an image with a frame, select the area that will fit within the frame
4. Run the command Selection – Invert.
5. To make the frame appear, run the command Filter –Texture - Mosaic Tiles . Deselect the command Selection - remove selection. You should end up with something like this:
Task 2: Open the file " Lizard" Frame the photo as you wish.
Laboratory work No. 7
Target: Learn how to design images
Basic concepts:
Curly text used to create small pieces of text, such as captions and headings.
Simple text used to create text documents.
Printing text parameters- font, style, size.
Layer- an analogue of a sheet of transparent film on which a drawing is applied. If you stack such sheets, you will get an image of several drawings.
PanelLayers (Layers) used to work with layers. It displays information about the layers of the active document. In addition, this panel allows you to perform various operations on layers.
Gradient fill- a fill consisting of several color transitions.
Filter- a special module aimed at creating a special effect.
Shell- a closed curve in which text is placed, and the shape of the text is adjusted to the contour of this curve. In Photoshop, the shapes of the shells are predefined.
Photo editing – a realistic image made up of fragments of several photographs.
Task No. 1. Add curly text to an image.
Launch Adobe Photoshop.
2.Open the file « Seasons ».
3. Select a tool Type (text).
The cursor will look like the letter "I". On the properties panel Options (options) text options will appear
4. Select the font Times New Roman, select the font style Bold (bold), enter the font size (for example, 60 pts), select the font color (for example, red).
5. Click the mouse in the part of the document where the first letter of the text should be located (for example, on a light background of the image).
Enter the text XXI in the text input field. The result is shown below:
Task No. 2. Create a shadow for the layer.
1.Launch Adobe Photoshop.
2.Open the file « Leaf ».
3. Using the Lasso tool, select the leaf.
4. Run the command Layer-layer-effects-shadow. In the Layer Style window, set the parameters as in the image below:
5. Click OK.
Laboratory work No. 8
Target: Learn image editing
Task No. 1. Montage of photographs.
1.Launch Adobe Photoshop.
2. Open files « WITHAT", "Portrait", "Window".
3.Reduce the size of the picture « Portrait ». To do this, run the command Image - image size. Set the picture values as shown below:
4. Using the tool Lasso select the girl.
5.Copy the image ( Editing-copy).
6. Activate the window with the picture « Window ». To create a collage, select a tool Magic wand. Select parts of the window for them as shown in the figure:
6.To make the girl appear in the window, run the command Image – insert B. You should get something like the one in the picture below.
6. Now let’s add a cat to the collage. Reduce the size of the "CAT" image using the settings below:
7.Select the kitten and move it to the window, as shown in the picture:
7.Activate the window with the picture « CAT », make a display of a kitten. To do this, run the command Image-rotate canvas – Horizontal mirror image of the canvas.
8.Copy the kitten and paste it into the window « Window ». You should end up with an image like this:
Task No. 2. Create a "Twins in a Car" montage using the files Newcolor , Truck AndCat . In this case, one boy should be in the back of the car, the other in the cabin, and a kitten should sit on the steps of the car.
Laboratory work No. 9
Target: Learn how to do tone correction
Basic Concepts
Tonal range- brightness range of image pixels. The darkest shade has a brightness of 0, and the lightest has a brightness of 255.
bar chart- graph of pixel brightness distribution. The horizontal axis shows the brightness values, and the vertical axis shows the number of pixels of each brightness level.
Shadows- the darkest part of the image with low brightness values.
Light colors (lights)- the lightest part of the image with high brightness values.
Midtones located between shadows and light tones.
Black dot- the darkest pixel in the image.
White point- the lightest pixel in the image.
Gamma- - contrast of the midtones of the image. Gamma change range - from 0,1 before 9,99.
The main task of tone correction- ensure correct distribution of pixel brightness in the image.
Tone correction commands: Brightness / Contrast, Levels, Curves, Auto Levels.
Task 1: Perform tone correction on a dark photo.
1.Launch Adobe Photoshop.
2. Open file « Hengehog ».
3.Copy the hedgehog image.
4.For the copied image, run the command Image - adjustments - levels.
5.In the dialog box that opens Levels move the gray slider to the left:
The midtones of the image will be brightened. In the middle input field Output levels gamma value is displayed ( gamma is the contrast of midtones). In our example, it should increase to 2,94. Since everyone's monitor brightness is different, this value may be a little more or a little less. Thus, the photo will become lighter and previously invisible details will appear in it.
6.Compare the result with the original image.
Task No. 2: Perform tone correction of a light photo.
1.Open file « FOX ».
3.Tone the photo ( the value of the input levels should decrease to 0.30)
4. Compare the result with the original image.
Task No. 3: Perform automatic tone correction.
1.Open file « Truck ».
3. For the copied image, run the command Image - adjustments - autocolor.
4.Compare the obtained result with the original one.
Task No. 4: Perform tone correction of a dark image using the Curves command.
1.Open file « Hengehog ».
2. Create a copy of the image.
3.Run the command
4.A dialog box will open Curves.
a control point will appear on the curve.
5.Place the mouse cursor on the control point and move it to the top and left:
6.The image will become lighter.
Comment: You can put several control points on the curve and use them to adjust the appearance of the curve and, consequently, the brightness of the image.
Task No. 5: Perform tonal correction of a light image using the Curves command.
1.Open file « FOX ».
2.Make a copy of the image.
3. Run the command Image-adjustments – curves.
4.A dialog box will open Curves. Left-click in the center of the curve.
A control point will appear on the curve.
5.Tone the image.
Task #6: Perform tonal correction of a dim image using the Curves command, using the “Truck” file.
Task No. 7: Perform tonal correction of the image using the “Lizard” file.
Create 5 copies of the original file. Apply different tone correction commands to each image.
Task No. 8: Perform tonal correction of the image using the “BigCat” file.
Task No. 9: Perform tonal correction of the image using the “Roses” file.
Create 4 copies of the original file. Apply different tone correction commands to each image.
Task 10: Perform tonal correction of the image using the “Tools” file.
Create 4 copies of the original file. Apply different tone correction commands to each image.
Laboratory work No. 10
Target:
Basic Concepts
Color circle– a diagram showing the relationship between the basic colors of the RGB and CMY models.
blue
Relationship between color models RGB and CMY is as follows:
1.Colors lying opposite each other on the color wheel (the line connecting from passes through the center of the circle) are mutually related: a decrease in the content of one color leads to an increase in the content of another color and vice versa.
2.Each color on the color wheel is defined as the sum of its adjacent colors. The content of any color can be changed by affecting the colors adjacent to it.
Features of color correction – Changing one color causes a change in other colors in the image.
The main task of color correction is adjusting the color balance (the ratio of colors in the image).
Task No. 1: Adjust the color balance.
1.Open file « CAF É».
2.Run the command Image-duplicate. 2 identical photos will appear on the screen. Let's correct the copy and compare the result with the original.
3.Run the command Image-adjustments-color balance. Let's remove the excess bluish tint; to do this, in the dialog box that opens, check the box
"Bright hues".
4.Move the top slider to the far right position, corresponding to the minimum amount of blue.
Task No. 2. change the color shades of image fragments.
1.Open file « FRUIT ».
2.Run the command Image-duplicate. 2 identical photos will appear on the screen. Let's turn a yellow rose into pink, a red apple into green, and give a pear a yellowish tint.
3. Outline the yellow rose. Run the command
4. Change the position of the controls so that the following values appear in the corresponding input fields: -84, +10, 0.
5.Click OK.
6.Deselect the rose. Outline the red apple.
7. Run the command Image-adjustments-hue/saturation.
8. Change the position of the controls so that the following values appear in the corresponding input fields: +90, -20, -10.
9.Click OK.
10. Select the outline of the pear. Change its hue to yellow.
11. 2 identical photographs with different color shades will appear on the screen.
Task 3.
Open the file "NEWCOLOR". Change the color of the boy's suit.
Task 4.
Open the CAFE file. Change the color of the chairs.
Task 5.
Open the "IRIS" file. Change the yellow hues of the flower to purple.
Laboratory work No. 11
Target: Learn how to design images
Basic Concepts
Retouching – sharpening and eliminating minor image defects.
Task No. 1. Sharpen images using various sharpening filters.
1.Open file « FRUIT ».
2.Run the command Image-duplicate.
3.Select the yellow rose from the copied image.
4.Run the command Filter-sharpness-sharp edges. The sharpness (clarity) will increase slightly.
5.Now let's use another filter. Run the command Editing - Cancel Sharp borders.
6.Run the command Filter – sharpness – make it clearer. The contours of the rose petals will become clearer. Function Do clearer enhances the sharpness of contours and does not affect areas of the image with a smooth color transition.
7.Compare the result with the original and close the copy.
Task No. 2. Eliminate small defects from the photograph.
Open file « FRUIT "(if it is closed).
Make a copy of the drawing.
If you pay attention to the lower left corner, you will see a defect that needs to be removed.
Using the tool Rectangular area select a fragment of the image with a defect.
Run the command Filter – Noise-Dust and scratches. A dialog box will open Dust and scratches. Field Radius defines the size of the area that is used to average the colors of neighboring pixels. The smaller the field value Border, the less the colors of neighboring pixels differ from each other, and vice versa. Combining different values in fields Radius and Border, you can quickly remove dirt and scratches from photos.
Set field value Border equal to 12, and the field value Radius - 16.
Click OK. The defect has been corrected.
8. Compare the result with the original and close the copy.
Task No. 3. Eliminate a defect from a photograph using the Stamp tool.
Set the stamp size. Select a brush (stamp tip) with soft edges and a small size, for example 30.
Now let's choose the right sample. In this case, you can use an area of the image located slightly below or above the defect, since the illumination of the pear changes little vertically.
Let's move the courses above the defect to a distance approximately equal to the height of the defect.
Press the –ALT key and do not release it, move the mouse cursor just above the defect and press the left mouse button.
Release the –ALT - key, move the mouse cursor to the defect and press the left mouse button. The defect has been eliminated.
10. Compare the result with the original and close the copy.
Task No. 4. Open the file "Gerl". Remove the girl's shadow yourself.
Laboratory work No. 12
Target: Learn to work with images
Task 1. Lighten a fragment of an image with a tool.
1.Open file « FRUIT ».
2.Run the command Image-duplicate. 2 identical photos will appear on the screen.
3. Select Clarifier. In the properties bar for this tool, select a soft-edged tip, such as 65.
4. Remove all shadows from the picture. Do not close the file.
Task 2. Darken a fragment of the image.
1.On an open file « FRUIT » darken the image .
2. Select from the toolbar Blackout(it's hidden behind the Dodge tool in the toolbar). In the properties panel of this tool
Set the value to 20% in the Demo input field.
3.Select a small brush and set the Brush value to 15.
4.Make a shadow for the apricot and its shadow.
Here is a series of lessons that teach you how to use the Photoshop graphic editor - an incredibly popular and indispensable tool in web design, with the help of which not only buttons, banners and logos, but even entire layouts are created for the site. The design of almost any website you visited was originally drawn in Photoshop, so knowledge of this program will definitely be useful for a webmaster, although the skills of image processing and creating your own drawings will also not harm a simple PC user. Digitizing photographs, retouching old photographs, creating postcards and collages - this is only the beginning of a long list of useful actions that the editor allows you to perform, and a series of lessons will help you get used to it.
Add this page to your bookmarks so you don’t lose the table of contents and consistently study article after article, learning more and more new techniques for working in Photoshop.
But what will you learn in these lessons?
- 1 Getting started in Photoshop - quick selection and fill
Here you will get acquainted with the program interface, find out what the main interface elements are for, learn how to create documents and save them, and master selecting areas on the canvas. Also from the lesson you will understand how to fill areas with color, and you will understand the principles of working with the program. After mastering the information, you will learn to perform simple steps and you can independently explore other editor tools.
- 2 Layers and text
All Photoshop images are built on layers. This is why editing in the program is so convenient. The lesson will tell you what layers are, why they are needed and how to work with them. In addition, it describes techniques for creating and processing inscriptions, as well as moving objects located on the canvas. After completing this lesson, processing multilayer documents will not be a problem for you.
- 3 Filters
You will get acquainted with a huge library of picture-changing scripts. The editor's filters can not only give the finished image a particular effect, but even create new objects and frame the photo.
- 4 Working with images
The article provides the basics for processing existing graphic files. Editing several images at once, moving objects from one picture to another, changing sizes and removing unnecessary parts - this is just an incomplete list of lesson topics.
- 5 Transformation
The lesson will teach you how to scale image elements, change proportions, tilt, distort and deform them
- 6 Drawing - brush and pencil
The first in a series of articles talking about tools for creating your own masterpieces. A long time ago Computer techologies have evolved to the point that they can simulate drawing on paper. You will learn to create using a virtual pencil and brush - sketches and watercolor paintings can now be easily drawn and distributed on electronic media, making an unlimited number of copies and without worrying about the safety of your work.
- 7 Drawing - shapes
Creating objects by hand is one thing, but accuracy and speed are sometimes paramount. The lesson talks about tools with which you can create perfectly smooth images in just a few clicks. geometric figures specified sizes. From simple square to an ellipse, a star and even a musical note - the article covers everything.
- 8 Drawing - outlines and bitmaps
You will remember once and for all how a vector differs from a raster, what the pros and cons of both approaches are, and you will also learn why shape contours are needed in Photoshop and what the pixel mode does.
- 9 Drawing - Pen tool
Continuing to work with contours, we study the tools of the Pen group. Purpose, method of application, description of parameters, and as a result you will learn to draw atypical contours and create complex geometric objects.
- 10 Drawing - Magnetic pen tool
The Magnetic mode of the Freehand tool has become so popular that it is called the Magnetic Pen, although there is no such separate tool in Photoshop. What this function allows you to do, why users love it so much and how it will help you personally - read the article.
- 11 Image Retouching Tools
To use these editor functions for the Internet, you don’t need to be a layout designer, a designer, a webmaster, or anyone at all. It's enough to be active user social networks. How to make your face more beautiful, remove moles and freckles? How to process an old scanned photo so that the colors become brighter, and scratches, stains and specks of dust are not so noticeable? How to carefully cut an object, move it or clone it? Where is the tool that will help you remove the red-eye effect from a photograph in just a couple of minutes? Find answers to these and other questions in the article.
- 12 Image correction tools
You already know so much that learning new tools is not a problem. All I had to do was make a review describing the possibilities to improve the quality of pictures - lighten where it is too dark, darken where it is overexposed, blur and add sharpness, mix and smear colors. All in all, Additional Information How else to make an image better is waiting for you in the lesson.
The pinnacle of creativity for the web is drawing website templates. When you have mastered most of the tools and have enough skills to draw dividers with shapes, buttons for menus, logos, and beautiful inscriptions, nothing prevents you from creating a good, complex layout. The article explains what it consists of standard template, describes the principle of creation, and also teaches how to cut the layout using tools previously unfamiliar to you.
Having paid attention to each of the lessons, analyzing practical examples and by experimenting on your own, as you master the course you will go from beginner to advanced user Photoshop programs and you can go deeper into it yourself by going to new level mastery, and a strong and reliable foundation laid by a series of our articles will help you in this.
