Make an ultrasonic emitter 6 8 hertz circuit. Yagma medical physics. What is an ultrasonic bath? Types of pollution

It has always been believed that my home is my fortress. However, there are times when it is simply impossible to be in your own apartment.

Many things can cause inconvenience: noisy renovation work in a neighboring apartment, very loud music and, naturally, drunken brawls from above every night for a long period of time.

The noise, which continues around the clock, forces us to immediately look for at least some solution to eliminate it. However, not everyone knows how to overcome noisy neighbors.

The Federal Law states that the noise level should not exceed 40 dB between seven o'clock in the morning and eleven o'clock in the evening, but at night this figure should not exceed 30 dB.

If we take at least some comparison, then all sounds should be three times quieter than a car alarm. But still, do not forget that in each region amendments to this law can be made.

If the norms are violated by users of residential premises, all actions on the part of unscrupulous neighbors become an administrative violation.

However, it happens that while laws exist, they are unfortunately not implemented. In this case, there are a couple of options to solve the problem.

When very loud music is an obstacle, you can try to negotiate peacefully. This method is undoubtedly considered the best at that moment, if all participants in a given conflict are in an adequate state.

You can explain that you have a small child in your apartment and he needs to rest during the day, but in the evening he should go to bed at nine. You can compromise and understand each other.

In the event that peace negotiations do not go well, you can go to the local police officer, who is supposed to look into this situation at the request of the applicant. If there is a drunken brawl in a neighbor’s apartment, then it is best not to get involved in it, as there is a possibility of getting hurt. In this case, law enforcement agencies must intervene, who will immediately arrive at the scene when called and eliminate the conflict.

Neighbors are doing renovations

All repair work is a separate topic. When carrying out work using a drill, a person honestly thinks that he is not doing anything wrong, since it is working time, and therefore the law is not being violated.

But in some cases, this kind of noise can disturb an old woman who has a migraine and wake up a small child. In this case, you cannot complain, since the law has not actually been broken.

If the person is well-mannered, then you can independently decide on the time for him to carry out the noisiest repair work, which will give you the opportunity to go for a walk with your child during this period of time or not to go to bed at this time, but simply reschedule it.

Request for help

So what should you do if the noise continues, but you can’t reach an agreement? It should be noted that the arrival of a district police officer often simply does not give the results that we would like. Very often, this moment depends on how rampant corruption is in a given area and, of course, on the identity of the offender.

In the event that the local police officer does not take any action on the application or nothing changes after his arrival, you should contact the prosecutor’s office directly, which monitors how the laws are observed. They must sort it out and the answer will come to you in writing.

If they didn’t help here either, then the only thing left is the court. If a claim is filed, there must be strong evidence that it is really impossible for you to relax in your apartment due to noisy neighbors.

How will the request to the housing office affect?

There is another authority to which you can file a complaint about particularly noisy upstairs neighbors who just want to annoy them. You should go there if there really are no illegal actions going on, which is rowdy behavior.

For example, a dog is constantly barking somewhere, or there is simply loud music from the upstairs neighbor. In these cases, it is permissible to contact the housing department. As a rule, employees of such an institution say that it is possible to conduct some kind of conversation, but it is not a fact that an apartment will be opened for them. So it's easier to call the police.

However, the police officers are not in a hurry to help, since their exit position is set up only for illegal actions, and loud music is the work of the housing department. And when the circle is closed, you should think about alternative methods.

There are exceptions

There are points in the silence law that may not be subject to time restrictions.

Items not included:

• A small sick child is crying;
• The cat meows or the dog barks;
• The church bells are ringing;
• Carrying out events and celebrations on the street;
• Rescue or emergency operations accompanied by noise.

Consequences for violators

After the first warning has been issued and there is no effect, an administrative fine is then imposed. Its value will depend only directly on who was the cause for concern - an individual or a legal entity.

The addition to the law states that those who like to place an amplifier on the balcony may also be subject to fines. The law has clear criteria for violating silence, for which you will have to pay a fine:

1. Construction and repair work at night;
2. Use of pyrotechnics and fireworks;
3. Listening to loud music when using amplifiers;
4. Whistling, loud screams and more.

Self help

In the event that no methods can help deal with noisy neighbors, you can simply make repairs using materials with enhanced soundproofing properties.

However, this is not always the solution. Yes, and the matter is quite troublesome. You can try using infrasound.

What is infrasound?

Infrasound is usually called elastic waves, which are analogues of sound waves, but have lower frequencies that humans cannot hear. The upper limit of the infrasound range is 16-25 Hz.

The lower limit has not yet been identified. In fact, infrasound is present in everything: in the atmosphere, in forests, and even in water.

Actions of infrasound

Infrasonic actions occur due to resonance, which is the frequency of vibration of a large number of processes in the body. Alpha, beta and delta brain rhythms also occur at the purity of infrasound, as, in principle, does the heartbeat.

Infrasonic vibrations can coincide with vibrations in the body. Subsequently, the latter intensify, due to which some organ malfunctions. It may not only lead to injury, but also to rupture.

The frequency of vibrations in the human body varies from 8 to 15 hertz. At the time when a person is exposed to sound radiation, all physical vibrations can resonate, but the amplitude of microconvulsions will increase many times.

Naturally, a person will not be able to understand the feeling of what is affecting, because the sound cannot be heard. However, there is a certain state of anxiety. If there is an extremely long and active impact of a special sound on the entire human organ, then ruptures of internal vessels, as well as capillaries, occur.

Typhoon, earthquake and volcanic eruption emit a frequency of 7-13 hertz, which gives a call to a person to quickly retreat from the place where disasters occur. Infrasound and ultrasound can very easily drive a person to suicide.

A very dangerous sound interval is the frequency of 6-9 hertz. Very strong psychotronic effects are most pronounced at a frequency of 7 hertz, which is similar to the natural vibration of the brain.

At such a moment, any work of a mental nature simply becomes impossible, since there is a feeling that the head could “burst like a watermelon” at any moment. If the impact is not strong, then the ears simply ring and a feeling of nausea appears, vision deteriorates and the person succumbs to unaccountable fear.

A sound that is of medium intensity can upset the digestive organs, the brain, cause paralysis, blindness and general weakness. Strong exposure damages or completely stops the heart.

Ultrasonic emitter

You can independently build an infrasound emitter that will not cause any harm to the human body, but the unwanted neighborhood will become less noisy after its use.

Ultrasound design

The scheme is as follows: the simplest generator for creating oscillations is started from a coil, which is located in the speaker for sound. The relay is needed to start the capacitor. If you push the speaker to produce sound, it will turn off completely.

Next, the circuit begins to operate at the resonant frequency of the coil. We also need transistors that will be low-frequency and produce a certain sound power. A nine-volt power bank from a non-working modem is used as power supply.

Resistors R2 and R4 are volume controls. The circuit operates on a pendulum resonance. However, all the electrics take about two watts, but the output is about twenty, so the speaker does not work without them.

Any audio woofer will do. A prerequisite is to install it in a housing, since in this case an acoustic “short circuit” is eliminated. The body shape is perfect for a saucepan. When using a jigsaw, the ears of the speaker for sound are cut off, then it is stuck into a bucket and glued together around the perimeter with a “moment”.

Setting up an infrasound device

Initially, the entire system is assembled on a table and all electrical components are checked. Initially, this must be done without a weighting agent. Once turned on, the speaker should begin to hum at its resonance frequency.

If it doesn’t work right away, you should work with the capacitance of the capacitor. Then the whole device is assembled into a pan, all the cracks between the speaker and the body are glued with a “moment”, and then the spiral of the weighting agent should be coated with glue and glued to the speaker diffuser for sound.

If it is not possible to find a normal purity meter, you should set the ultrasound frequency to 13 Hz using an oscilloscope and a low-frequency generator based on the Lissajous figure. Then turn on the power to test for a few seconds to see what happens. Next, the device turns off and begins cutting the weighting spiral until a double Lissajous is obtained.

When returning from work at night or wandering through dark alleys, there is a danger of being attacked by stray dogs, whose bites are sometimes life-threatening if you do not consult a doctor in time. It is for these cases that smart human brains came up with an ultrasonic repeller.

Industrial repellers have a rather complex design and are made with rather scarce components.

In this article we will look at a version of such a repeller using the famous 555 series timer. The timer, as you know, can work as a square pulse generator; this is exactly the connection used in the circuit.

The generator operates at a frequency of 20-22 kHz, as many animals are known to “communicate” in the ultrasonic range. Experiments have shown that frequencies of 20-25 kHz cause artificial fear in dogs; thanks to the tuning regulator, the generator can be adjusted to a frequency of 17-27 kHz.

The circuit itself contains only 6 components and will not cause any difficulties. It is advisable to use a multi-turn regulator for more precise tuning to the desired frequency.
The piezo emitter can be taken from a calculator or any other musical toys, you can also use any HF heads with a power of up to 5 watts, there is simply no point in doing more.

The device operates effectively at a distance of 3-5 meters, since there is no additional power amplifier in the circuit.

As a power source, it is convenient to use the crown, or any other source with a voltage of 6 to 12 volts.

List of radioelements

UPGRADED ULTRASONIC GUN "IGLA-M"

Ultrasound - These are elastic waves of high frequency. Typically, the ultrasonic range is considered to be a frequency range from 20,000 to several billion hertz. Now ultrasound is widely used in various physical and technological methods. The fact that ultrasound actively affects biological objects (for example, kills bacteria) has been known for more than 70 years. Electronic equipment with a scanning ultrasound beam is used in neurosurgery to inactivate individual areas of the brain with a powerful, focused high-frequency beam. High-frequency vibrations cause internal heating of tissues.

There are still discussions about the physical effect of ultrasonic vibrations on the cell and even about the possible disruption of DNA structures. Moreover, there is information that at the micro level - not at the level of the body structure, but at some more subtle level - ultrasonic exposure is harmful.

Ultrasound can be obtained from mechanical, electromagnetic and thermal sources. Mechanical emitters are usually various types of intermittent sirens. They emit vibrations into the air with a power of up to several kilowatts at frequencies up to 40 kHz. Ultrasonic waves in liquids and solids are usually excited by electroacoustic, magnetostrictive and piezoelectric transducers.

The industry has long been producing devices forultrasonic effects on animals, for example:

Purpose

A miniature dog repeller is a wearable electronic device (assembled in a mini-flashlight housing) that emits ultrasonic vibrations that are audible to dogs and not perceptible to humans.

Operating principle

The device is designed to protect against dog attacks: ultrasonic radiation of a certain power usually stops an aggressive dog at a distance of 3 - 5 meters or puts it to flight. The greatest effect is achieved when acting on aggressive stray dogs.

Specifications

• Supply voltage (1 battery type 6F22 (KRONA)), V 9
• Current consumption, no more, A 0.15
• Weight with batteries, no more, g 90

As you understand, this is a weak toy, but we will make the device much more powerful! Continuing experiments with ultrasound (), a number of interesting improvements and improvements were made. This is how a revolutionary method of influencing a living organism (naturally negative) with two ultrasonicemitters with a difference frequency of several hertz. That is, the frequency of one emitter is, for example, 20,000 Hz, and the other is 20,010 Hz. As a result, onultrasonic radiation is superimposedsound, which greatly enhances the destructive effect!

The circuit is standard, a generator based on CD4069 + an amplifier with three N-P-N transistors. Power supply is at least 12 V, with a current of up to 1 A.

To enhance the directional effect, we use cylindrical sound resonators. Their role will be played by a regular nickel-plated tube from a vacuum cleaner.Just don’t spoil the vacuum cleaner; the tube is sold separately at the market or in a spare parts store.

We cut two pieces to an experimentally determined length (about a couple of centimeters), and attach them to RF heads like 5GDV-4 or any other. You can buy a double nozzle for the exhaust pipe of a car, installation is much more convenient, and the effect will be even better.

We insert the high-frequency speakers inside, and mount the board with the battery in the back.

A submersible ultrasonic transducer is a device designed to transmit ultrasonic vibrations into a liquid medium, containing a sealed housing with a diaphragm, which is part of the surface of this housing, inside which piezoelectric emitters and electrodes are located and fixed to the diaphragm, which are electrically connected to a high-frequency cable that serves to supply piezoelectric emitters of high-frequency electrical voltage from an ultrasonic frequency generator.

It is used to excite ultrasonic cavitation in a liquid cleaning medium, which intensifies the processes of cleaning parts from contaminants. Used in ultrasonic cleaning baths with a volume of over 50 liters.

Fig.1 Submersible transducer
in U.Z. bath

The structure of the ultrasonic submersible transducer is shown schematically in Fig. 1.

The generator is connected to a 220 volt 50 Hz network and converts the voltage frequency to 25,000 Hz (25 kHz) or 35 kHz. depending on the design of the submersible converter.

High-frequency voltage is supplied through a cable into a sealed housing of the converter, made of stainless steel, inside which piezoelectric emitters are mounted, connected in parallel.

Fig.2 Design of a piezoelectric emitter

The piezoelectric emitter is the main component of the submersible ultrasonic transducer. The structure of this emitter is shown in Fig. 2.

The emitter has two piezoelectric plates (piezoelements) located between two metal plates: a steel one located on the back side and an aluminum one on the front side.

The piezoelements are pulled together into one piece with the linings by means of a central bolt. A high-frequency voltage is applied to the central electrode located between the piezoelements.

The piezoelectric emitter converts electrical energy into high-frequency mechanical vibrations, which are transmitted to the diaphragm of the submersible transducer, from which these vibrations are transmitted to the washing liquid.

The number of piezoelectric emitters in a submersible ultrasonic transducer can range from 4 to 11 or more.

Piezoelectric emitters are fixed to the diaphragm using an adhesive connection.

Fig.3 Submersible transducer

A general view of the ultrasonic submersible transducer with a partially cut out back cover is shown in Fig. 3. It can be seen that the piezoelectric emitters are arranged in several rows, two in each row.

Submersible ultrasonic transducers can be used both in ultrasonic cleaning baths specially designed for them, and in cleaning baths already available to the customer. The convenience of these converters is that they can be easily installed in various parts of the bath volume.

Unlike ultrasonic transducers, which are firmly attached to the cleaning bath at the bottom or side, submersible transducers can be replaced within minutes.

The generator for powering submersible transducers with high-frequency voltage can be located from the ultrasonic bath at a distance of up to 6 meters.

Methods for installing submersible transducers in an ultrasonic cleaning bath

Immersion transducers can be placed in cleaning baths in three different ways:

1. placing the converter at the bottom of the bath;
2. hanging on the wall of the bathtub;
3. by mounting the converter on the wall of the bath.

Fig.4 Placement of the transducer in the ultrasonic bath

The first two methods do not require making holes in the wall of the bathtub.

Some types of mounting of a submersible transducer in an ultrasonic cleaning bath are shown in Fig. 4.

When placing the converter at the bottom of the bath, it is necessary to take into account the height of the layer of washing solution above the converter diaphragm.

You should strive to ensure that the height of this layer is a multiple of half the wavelength of ultrasonic vibrations transmitted into the washing solution by the submersible transducer.

In this case, due to the reflection of ultrasonic vibration waves from the water-air interface, a zone of standing waves is created in the cleaning solution (reverberation phenomenon). When ultrasonic waves reverberate in a liquid, the efficiency of ultrasonic cleaning is slightly higher.

As an example, we will determine the optimal height of this layer for a specific submersible transducer.

It is known that the speed of sound in water is 1485 m/sec. The wavelength of ultrasonic vibrations is equal to the speed of sound divided by the frequency of these vibrations.

Let's assume that we have a submersible ultrasonic emitter whose diaphragm oscillation frequency is 25,000 Hz (25 kHz). The wavelength in this case will be 0.0594 m. Half the wavelength is 0.0297 m or 2.97 cm. The optimal height of the liquid in this case above the surface of the submersible transducer should be 2.97 cm x n where n is any positive integer.

Fig.5 Standing waves in an ultrasonic bath

For example, for n=40, the optimal height of the level of the washing solution above the surface of the submersible converter will be 2.97x40=118.8 cm. The above is illustrated in Fig. 5.

Placing submersible ultrasonic transducers on the walls of the cleaning bath is recommended when its depth is more than half its width or length. In this case, the converters can be placed either on one wall of the bath or on its opposite walls.

The video shows the placement of submersible transducers on the side walls of the bath and the operation of submersible ultrasonic transducers located on the bottom of the bath.

Submersible transducers in action

Selecting the optimal frequency for a submersible converter

When ultrasonic vibrations propagate in a liquid, a phenomenon called cavitation occurs, which means the formation of cavitation cavities in the liquid in the rarefaction phase of the sound wave and its subsequent collapse in the compression phase.

Fig.6 Effect of frequency on ultrasound cavitation

The behavior of cavitation cavities when changing the oscillation frequency is shown in the graph in Fig. 6.

The ordinate axis on the left side shows the amount of energy released during the collapse of a single cavitation cavity (cavitation energy), and the ordinate axis on the right shows the number of cavitation cavities per unit volume of liquid.

As can be seen from the graph, with an increase in the frequency of ultrasonic vibrations, the number of cavitation cavities in the liquid increases, and the cavitation energy decreases.

As the frequency of ultrasonic vibrations decreases, the number of cavitation cavities in the liquid decreases, and the cavitation energy increases.

Moreover, for each frequency of ultrasonic vibrations, the product of the energy released by the cavitation cavity when it collapses by the number of these bubbles in the liquid is a constant value approximately equal to the energy transmitted into the liquid by the ultrasonic submersible transducer.

The influence of the frequency of ultrasonic vibrations on the number of cavitation cavities is discussed in detail on the website

For practice, it is important that the number of cavitation cavities be as large as possible, but at the same time the cavitation energy must be sufficient to remove contaminants. Thus, to clean parts from contaminants loosely bound to the surface (fats, oils), converters with a frequency of 35-40 kHz should be used, and to clean parts from contaminants firmly bound to the surface (polishing pastes, varnish and polymer films), submersible converters with a frequency of 35-40 kHz should be used. lower frequency 20-25 kHz.

change the picture

Fig. 7 Ultrasonic bath with converters of different frequencies

The most optimal solution is to create conditions when the number of cavitation cavities would be large and at the same time the cavitation energy would also be large.

These conditions are implemented in an ultrasonic cleaning bath with submersible transducers located on its walls, as shown in Fig. 7. Another option for the location of submersible transducers can be seen if you move the cursor to this figure.

In this case, two converters are used with different oscillation frequencies of 25 and 35 kHz. A converter with a frequency of 35 kHz ensures the creation of more cavitation cavities in the volume of washing liquid, and a converter with a frequency of 25 kHz increases the cavitation energy of these cavities.

Optimal number of immersion transducers for a cleaning bath

When determining the number of required submersible transducers, one must proceed from the fact that the maximum efficiency of ultrasonic cleaning is achieved with an ultrasonic power of 10...30 watts per 1 liter of bath volume.

For example, for a bathtub with a volume of 50 liters, two converters of the PP25.8 model are sufficient (see table below).

For large-volume ultrasonic cleaning baths, for example, over 250 liters, satisfactory results are achieved with an ultrasonic power of 4.5 watts per 1 liter of bath volume. For example, for a bath with a volume of 1000 l, 11 converters of the PP25.8 model are sufficient

Currently, there are many designs of ultrasonic submersible transducers on the domestic market.

The table shows the technical characteristics of submersible ultrasonic transducers from TNC Technosonic LLC (Moscow).

This article does not fully address all aspects of the design and use of submersible ultrasonic transducers. However, the presented material may be useful for specialists who are faced with specific tasks for the first time in choosing the optimal option for an ultrasonic bath for cleaning products.