Information addiction - treatment. Medical company "Tonus", Nalchik. Information addiction and diet: what to do with RSS bulimia
I started using it two years ago when I got iPad, and since then I open it every day. Now I have 695 articles set aside for reading, every day I cross out a couple of dozen, but there are only more of them.
In my Google Reader there has never been an inscription that doesn't look like 1000+ items. I spent last weekend sorting subscriptions in order, in particular, to make a separate package, and left a meager minimum (giving up LJ, beauty blogs and Russian news): ninety-three.
Plus Facebook.
This is problem. To cope with it, I logically decided that I definitely needed something on this topic. read.
By keyword information overload on Amazon.com 9760 books are offered (when I looked for the first time, there were 9552). I've read three. So I found out that Clay Johnson, author of The Information Diet: A Case for Conscious Consumption, believes that reading the tabloid press, Lulz and cat blogs and updating social networks is a diet of cheap fast food. And this information overeating leads to intellectual obesity.
If you refresh your feed more than once an hour, check your RSS queue, or open your email, you're stimulating dopamine production and reinforcing your addiction to new information—even if you only read publications whose authors rely on Pulitzer Prizes for bread. LJ author gutta_honey writes excellently and often about dopamine and uncontrolled pressing of the “Refresh” button. In short, eventually the quality of the information consumed becomes less important. It is enough to see new headings, and the texts in open “tabs” will never be read to the end. If you don't read a hundred new headlines a day, you'll experience anxiety, the feeling that you're missing something, and a literal physical itch.
The more often you switch, the more difficult it is to focus on one task, article or book. Are you familiar with theories of business organization such as Agile or Pomodoro? I used to feel ashamed, but it quickly became clear that not only do twenty-five minute stretches of work seem to me eternity.
The average office worker can devote three minutes to one browser tab. He consumes 3 times more information per day than an employee of his level in 1960. Online media editors build on this data, cutting down materials and stuffing them with videos and pictures.
Hyperconnectivity forces a person to juggle information. In the area of active attention, he can hold 7-9 objects - this is a physiological norm that will have to be taken into account. By trying to read and absorb more at the same time, you understand and remember less. Even if you look through a hundred professional articles a day, but not process them, the meaning from them will be equal to flipping through a glossy magazine in line at the hairdresser. (Although no, there will be more anxiety and tension.)
To get off you need an information diet. Its structure is similar to the usual one:
- assessment (“information nutrition diary”);
- removing everything unnecessary;
- sorting the remainder;
- and its correct processing.
Structuring reading and working with articles is a more personal and creative task. I started my post and my new life with this. What did I decide to do? The points:
Firstly, lie under a blanket for a day without the Internet and survive.
Secondly, analyze the list of all RSS subscriptions, LJ communities and mailing lists - and unsubscribe from absolute “time sinks”. Women's communities, unprofessional and stupid blogs, robot news feeds, vanity search. For those who are afraid of withdrawal, the authors of the guides suggest visiting entertainment resources specifically and consciously a couple of times a day for five to ten minutes, using a timer. I’ve been hanging around longer, but I’ve successfully forgotten most of the addresses, deliberately not saving an archive of old, bloated tapes.
Then delete in settings everyone gadgets All push notifications, disable display numbers unread messages (this is terribly important) in RSS, mail and ToDo lists, plus configure which automatically dumps non-urgent and unimportant messages into hidden folders.
The remaining sources should be renamed, assigned categories and tags, sorted into folders and processed immediately. Ideally, you need to completely sort out your updated subscriptions every day: mark as read what you don’t need right now (that is, be honest with yourself, you will never need it), delete and close the browser, moving on to reading.
There are several opinions on this matter - in particular, I recently added to list for later for a thoughtful re-reading of an old blog post “ One thousand characters without spaces"about how its author processes RSS - there are several more useful links in the comments. Updated but not counted subscriptions don’t bother me; I can take a break from them and not read the entire Internet to the end.
The authors of guides on “digital diets” advise turning off the Internet in the e-book immediately after synchronization. I switch the tablet to “airplane mode” and don’t even bother inserting a SIM card into it - if I know that the latest mail is just a couple of clicks away, it can be difficult to focus for more than three paragraphs.
I know what you're asking: this Fork and Cream Sauce, you can buy it for $17.
In the ideal end, every article or book chapter you read should turn into a task, a new project, or the next action in a project that has been open for a long time. To do this you need to read and master the organization's systems GTD, Action Method, you name it - they all involve collecting, organizing and storing information at arm's length (in my case, of course, in Evernote). This, in fact, is the key to success: when starting to read any article, you must understand why you needed it, what benefits you can get from it, and how what you read can change your life for the better. On the one hand, swollen RSS subscriptions run the risk of turning into an equally monstrous ToDo list. On the other hand, it will help you to mark as read, without looking, dozens and hundreds of meaningless analyzes of Oscar outfits and outdated reports from winter political events.
I never lost 30 kg, I didn’t have problems with alcohol, I’m a morning person, I quit smoking easily - and here’s the payback. My information addiction is similar to cocaine addiction, only without weight loss and bohemian friends. I’ll go sequentially, from the first to the last page, to read the book “ Willpower: how to develop and strengthen"Kelly McGonigal, who was sent to me out of friendship from the publishing house Mann, Ivanov and Ferber. Task for the next week: brush your teeth before before I check the tapes.
I'm 33 years old, live in Hobart (Tasmania), work in financial UX, ride a scooter, and completed a Master of Interactive Multimedia at UTS, Sydney. I love cats and cats.
Kochanov Andrey MikhailovichGBPOU DZM "Medical College No. 1"
teacher
Annotation:
Information dependence has become widespread among various age and social groups of society. The purpose of this article is to consider general aspects of the negative impact of information dependence on the training of mid-level medical specialists.
Information dependence is widespread among different age and social groups. The purpose of this article is to consider the general aspects of the negative impact of information depending on the training of health professionals middle managers.
Keywords:
information dependence; Internet addiction; secondary professional medical education; pedagogical process.
information addiction; internet addiction; secondary professional medical education; pedagogical process.
UDC 377.5
Interpretation of information dependence
There is no single scientific definition of information addiction (the terms “Internet addiction”, “infomania”, etc.) do not exist, due to the novelty of the phenomenon being described. Currently, this phenomenon is commonly understood as dependence on the process of entering and receiving information using electronic technical means and the Internet.
In 1994, American psychologist Cyberly Young developed a 20-question questionnaire aimed at identifying Internet addiction, which is still used by experts today. This researcher compared Internet addiction to “pathological gambling.”
The term “Internet addiction” was first proposed and described by New York psychiatrist Ivan Goldberg in 1995. They identified 2 main symptoms of this disorder: stress when using the Internet, and a violation of the physical, psychological, interpersonal, economic or social status of the individual.
In Russia, this phenomenon has been studied since 2000. In 2009, a symposium “Internet addiction: psychological nature and dynamics of development” was held with the participation of psychiatrists, psychologists, and sociologists, based on the materials of which the first collection of reports on Internet addiction in Russia was published. It also included translations of the full texts of reports by the main domestic and foreign researchers of this problem.
The widespread use of electronic communications in the 2000s, when the nature of interpersonal communication underwent significant changes, led to the emergence of the term “information addiction.” It is a broader concept and phenomenon, compared to Internet addiction, when dependence on entering and receiving information can occur both with and without access to the Internet. Currently, it is often classified as a so-called “modern bad habit” (along with gambling addiction, shopping addiction and other addictions).
From the point of view of medical psychology, the psychological and physiological components are common to all addictions, when the formation and development of addiction is accompanied by changes and (or) disturbances in the emotional-volitional and behavioral sphere of a person on the one hand, and his physiological processes on the other. “Modern bad habits” are characterized by a pronounced psychological component of addiction, while the physiological component is not expressed or is weakly expressed.
In practice, an information-dependent person can be considered a person who has access to modern means of communication (mobile phone, Internet access, information exchange programs), who feels the need to constantly enter and receive information (text, video and audio files, emoticons, etc.). etc.), and this need can have a negative effect on the efficiency of the production process, training, as well as everyday life, communication and health.
Information addiction and health
From the point of view of modern medicine, with the development of information dependence, a mental disorder or other unit of pathology is not formed (according to the current International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10)), however, adverse effects on health from a number of organs and systems of the body cannot be ruled out . Thus, information dependence can be considered as a premorbid (preceding the disease) disorder. This is due to the fact that other types of addictions (alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, etc.) are accompanied by deviations from both physiological and psychological points of view. For information addiction, no pronounced physiological deviations have been established at present; however, social disadaptation and uncritical perception of the flow of information, which increase as the addiction develops, have been described to varying degrees of severity.
At the same time, a number of medical and psychological specialists deny Internet addiction as a negative phenomenon. They view the desire for modern means of communication and access to information as natural, and according to their research, using the Internet causes activation of areas of the brain that control memory, language, reading and vision. In addition, when searching the Internet, the brain centers responsible for complex reasoning and decision-making are activated due to the need to decide which of the proposed links to choose to obtain the necessary data (when reading books, such activation of the corresponding areas of the brain does not occur).
Prevalence and classification
Currently, there is no reliable information about the prevalence and severity of information dependence on a global scale. This is due to the lack of relevant research, since there is no clarity with questions about the types of such addiction, methods of diagnosis and the impact on a person at the physical and psychological levels.
Russian psychologist Maria Drepa in 2009 proposed the following working classification of Internet addiction:
- Web surfing (information search and spontaneous travel on the Internet).
- Addiction to virtual communication.
- Gaming addiction.
- Obsessive financial need.
- Addiction to watching movies online.
- Cybersex addiction.
Psychological and pedagogical aspects of information dependence
In accordance with the information model of teaching, the object of teaching is an information system in which the input and consolidation of information, its sorting and practical application are carried out in a specific way, short-term and long-term memory, creative thinking are involved, and the development of intelligence and the entire personality occurs.
It is also of scientific interest to study the motivation of information dependence in students. The student environment is considered to be favorable for the development of any addictions due to the high activity of life, the desire to experience new things, and a wide circle of contacts.
The classical approach of the Soviet psychologist A.N. can be considered as a theoretical basis for studying the structure of motives that encourage students to join modern sources of information and develop information dependence. Leontyev to the problem of the motivational sphere, needs and motives. The model of the structure of the motivational sphere of personality that he created is, in our opinion, the most appropriate for studying the motives that encourage students to develop addictions. Motivational sphere A.N. Leontyev represented it as a configuration of hierarchized motivational lines or systems of life relations, which determines activity and in its highest development does not resemble a frozen pyramid, since it contains constant conflict of the motivational lines that form it. Need A.N. Leontiev defined it as a state of the body caused by its need for certain substances and objects required to maintain the existence of the individual. A need receives its meaningful characteristics through an object that satisfies this need. Consequently, the need of a student prone to the formation of information dependence is identified and characterized through the subject of need satisfaction, which is information. Motive, according to A.N. Leontiev, is objective, it is the object itself that motivates and directs activity, specifies a need and, naturally, satisfies this need. In this case, available information, as a known subject of the supposed satisfaction of a subjective need, should be understood as a motive that specifies this need.
It should be noted that students have not previously experienced a lack of information - textbooks, libraries, teachers were and are carriers of more than a sufficient amount of information. Considering that in recent decades the structure of information carriers, the principles of its accumulation and exchange, content and social significance have changed, we can conclude that the decisive factor in the formation of information dependence among students is not the availability, but the accessibility and content of information.
Thus, the psychological basis of the tendency to develop information dependence is the structure of motives that encourage an individual to search and exchange information of a certain content against the background of technical accessibility to it. Clarification of the motivating stimuli leading to information dependence that arise in the structure of a student’s personality requires further study within the framework of a comprehensive examination of modern man.
The presence of information dependence to a pronounced degree, like any dependence, means that the student’s learning productivity decreases, because his concentration on the educational material and the teacher’s activities deteriorates, because the consciousness is constantly in a state of readiness to respond to new information that appears thanks to technical support, instead of devoting oneself to the current learning task. In addition, the overall efficiency of mental activity decreases, as the brain tries to solve several problems at once, which not everyone succeeds in.
The accessibility of the process of entering and receiving information allows you to avoid the difficult process of comprehending and formulating thoughts, achieving the necessary depth in research, self-analysis and searching for errors in information, etc. which does not contribute to the development of systematic, analytical thinking, but, on the contrary, makes thinking and speech simplified, unsystematic and lacking in completeness (“clip thinking”).
Features of teaching medical specialties in the secondary vocational education system have their own characteristics:
- close connection between general education, general professional and special disciplines (modules);
- focus on practical activities (working with patients) when preparing a specialist;
- high responsibility for the life and health of patients;
- high demands on the culture of communication and behavior (medical ethics and deontology);
- a significant share of industrial practice on the basis of medical and preventive organizations, etc.
Thus, a student’s information dependence can be a limiting factor in the pedagogical process of training a specialist. It can not only seriously disrupt the process of its preparation, but also cause developmental delays and personality deformation. Mid-level medical workers suffering from information addiction may be ineffective and professionally deformed.
Prevalence of information addiction among mid-level medical students
Previously, it was believed that information addiction is most common among adult categories of users of modern means of communication, but now the availability of electronic means of communication, ease of use and a wide range of vital interests that they influence have made information addiction a “property” of almost all age groups. and social groups.
In order to assess the prevalence of information dependence of students studying at Branch No. 3 of GBPOU DZM “Medical College No. 1” (formerly Medical School No. 19), an anonymous survey was conducted among 1st and 4th year students of two departments (“Nursing” and “ Laboratory diagnostics"). The survey took place in November 2015, 154 students took part in it: 78 1st year students and 76 4th year students.
When compiling the questionnaire, the questionnaire for identifying Internet addiction, developed by K. Young (1994), and adapted for the broader concept of “information addiction” was taken as a basis (instead of the Internet, all sources of information were entered, questions about their number, age of initiation to them ).
The question about the availability of electronic means of communication was not included in the questionnaire - initially it was assumed that the survey participants would have them.
The average age at which a child acquired a personal mobile phone was 7 years old, and at which time he received constant access to the Internet was 8 years old. 92% of respondents responded that they have 2 or more electronic means of communication.
62% (70% in 1st year and 54% in 4th year) believe that their habit of constantly checking text messages and emails has become so deeply ingrained in their lifestyle that even at home, during class, on the road or On vacation, they experience a persistent need to carefully review and type messages that do not require immediate response. 51% (59% in 1st year and 43% in 4th year) of them always respond to emails immediately, and 21% (26% in 1st year and 16% in 4th year) to reply for the message, they always leave the main activity, no matter what it is.
conclusions
Although modern technology has enormous benefits, its excessive and irresponsible use can harm not only a person's mental abilities, but also his social role and activity.
The widespread prevalence of information dependence among adolescents can cause significant damage to the training system for mid-level medical workers, especially due to the specifics of the medical profession.
The influence of information dependence on personality and the educational process needs further study.
Bibliography:
1. Vygonsky S.I. The other side of the Internet. Psychology of working with computers and networks. - M.: Phoenix, 2010.
2. Internet addiction: psychological nature and dynamics of development. // Comp. and ed. A.E. Voiskunskaya - M.: Acropolis, 2009.
3. Drepa M.I. Internet addiction as an object of scientific reflection in modern psychology. // Humanitarian Expertise - 2009. No. 2. - Makhachkala, pp. 189-193.
4. “Internet addiction: psychological nature and dynamics of development.” Proceedings of the symposium. - 2009 // [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.psy.msu.ru/science/conference/internet/2009.
5. Lavrentyev G.V., Lavrentyeva N.B. Innovative teaching technologies in professional training of specialists. - 2004 // [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www2.asu.ru/cppkp/index.files/ucheb.files/innov/Part2/.
6. Leontyev A.N. Needs, motives and emotions. M.: Publishing house Mosk. University, 1971.
7. Young K. Caught in the Net. - 1997 // [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: www.netaddiction.com
Reviews:
01/5/2016, 16:19 Bykasova Larisa Vladimirovna
Review: Some postulates are highly controversial. In general, the article is of an applied nature and may be of interest to a wide range of readers. Recommended for printing.
01/5/2016, 16:29 Gorbatyuk Roman Mikhailovich
Review: An interesting article from the perspective of the information dependence of student youth on the use of communication media. The article would probably be more interesting if the author provided more facts about the negative impact of communication media on the health of a young person. I recommend it for printing.
Kochanov Andrey Mikhailovich:
Thank you for the review, unfortunately, the factor is so new that the article covers the maximum possible systematic description of the negative impact of information dependence on students.
01/7/2016, 3:08 Kropotova Natalya Anatolyevna
Review: Andrey Mikhailovich, the topic is undoubtedly relevant. 1. The text should be corrected (there are typos, spelling errors, etc.) 2. It would seem that you have only approached the negative factors (“Information addiction and health” second paragraph), but you do not cite them and do not mention them further, but the next sentence says otherwise. 3. Alexey Nikolaevich Leontyev (1903-1979) - an outstanding Soviet psychologist, full member of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR...... 1979, information technologies had just begun to develop in the Soviet Union. Maybe there is a contemporary???? If not, then hypothetically you can refer to theoretical calculations. 4. Proofreading and editing of the text is required. The article is recommended for publication.
01/07/2016 12:12 Reply to the author’s review Kochanov Andrey Mikhailovich:
Thanks for the review! 1. The text was formatted in Word, but when recoded on the website it actually looks like it has typos; unfortunately, there is no possibility to edit the published text. 2. Please explain your comment point 2. I didn't understand him. 3. The reference to Leontiev’s works states that he gives general psychological interpretations of motivation, and that this applies to any addictions.
01/14/2016, 22:38 Shabaga Stepan Bogdanovich
Review: Let us note the relevance of the article and its informativeness. Perhaps some statements are partially subjective in nature, but still raise interest in the research problem. Recommended for publication
01/17/2016, 14:25 Belykh Alexander Sergeevich
Review: If typos are corrected, the article may be published.
02/16/2016, 13:10 Kuzmenko Igor Nikolaevich
Review: If typos are corrected, the article may be published. It is of interest, even regardless of the excessive terminological overload.
Information dependence and oversaturation: two sides of the coin
Nowadays, information plays a huge role in people's lives. For some, such as businessmen, it is the basis of work activity.
The increased need for information, as well as the information field in which a person lives, gives rise to many problems. On the one hand, the incoming flow of information that hits a person is so great that it is sometimes difficult to cope with it. On the other hand, the habit of living in it creates a need to receive it - this is how information dependence arises.
Now we are not talking about Internet addiction, when a person feels the need to be online, but about dependence on the consumption of information, in any form - paper, electronic, audio or video (although it should be noted that such dependence arose precisely in the era of the Internet with its huge information flow).
The problem today is that there is too much information available to humans. He is not able to perceive everything available to him - the amount of knowledge in the modern world is truly enormous.
The volume of knowledge is constantly increasing, and modern means make it accessible, and a person has a problem of selecting the necessary information, unknown 30–40 years ago.
The large amount of information available to a particular person has led to a loss of its value, as well as to the emergence of new skills. A modern person should not so much perceive information and turn it into knowledge, but rather work with it - organize, filter out unnecessary things and classify.
Experts even invented the term “information competence,” which means the ability to organize the incoming information flow and highlight the main thing.
Man today faces another task – information search. The Internet, magazines, newspapers, video and audio products - this flow exceeds a person’s ability to perceive and process data. The search itself becomes extremely difficult, as well as sorting information based on its usefulness.
The information field in which people live in the 21st century has given rise to many new problems. One of them - information addiction - does not receive enough attention, but it is quite serious and can negatively affect a person in the future.
People suffering from information addiction cannot be outside the information field: their brain must constantly receive new data - in any form. Constantly receiving information is their drug. On the road I read the press, at lunchtime - news sites, on the weekend at home - blogs (network diaries) or watch TV, listen to an audiobook in the car. At first glance, there is nothing wrong with this - a person is trying to use time as efficiently as possible. However, such treatment of information flow can lead to negative consequences over time.
People who are accustomed to consuming information do not feel a problem - they believe that everyone lives this way and this is normal. Denial of a problem is one of the signs of its existence.
The result of this is a dulling of the perception of information - the information does not remain in the head, does not turn into knowledge, and therefore experience, does not cause a reaction in the form of thoughts.
The brain, which is accustomed to only receiving, loses the ability for other types of mental activity - analysis and creative work. Such situations lead to fatigue, in particular, they are one of the causes of chronic fatigue syndrome, which will be discussed later.
Life itself often makes a person an involuntary consumer of information: drivers turn on the radio without the consent of passengers, music or advertisements are constantly playing in gyms or supermarkets, and the brain consumes, records and stores this information in memory against the will of the person.
Most people often have a radio or television running in the background at home, which means constant forced information intrusion, so if you cannot be quiet, it is better to turn on calm music.
Let's return to electronic information and the Internet. How many times have you been browsing the web and found an interesting headline and clicked on the link, or started reading an article about yet another study on sexuality or gossip about famous people? Think about how much really useful and necessary information is contained in such articles. How many news sites and blogs do you read daily? Now evaluate the time spent on them and the necessary information received. They are hardly comparable. It should be remembered that even from reading headlines, information garbage is recorded in the brain.
Such information is not just unnecessary. A lot of time, often working time, is spent consuming it. The availability of information and electronic entertainment (online games or chats) leads to the fact that a person wastes time on them, and then finds that he does not have time to complete the main work. Rest time is also spent on such things. Returning home after a day of work, you can spend the entire evening on the Internet, reading news, blogs and forums. After this, you should not be surprised at your poor sleep and well-being in the morning.
This problem should be solved comprehensively.
First of all, it is worth assessing the importance of the information flow and the need for the information consumed. You need to protect yourself from unnecessary information influences:
♦ review background noise – TV, radio;
♦ buy a player and record good music;
♦ audit RSS feeds and mailing lists.
It is useful to periodically arrange information silence, for example, spend one day without reading the news, and while on the Internet, do only work.
Another extremely useful skill related to information management is information retrieval. Today, the Internet is a universal reference book that contains almost any information, but you need to be able to use the capabilities of the Network. It is worth learning the principles of Internet search, reading the help pages, and the search will become professional and fast.
The same applies to other types of information activities. Having mastered modern technologies for working with electronic information, you can work much more efficiently and not experience stress, including from information overload.
Introduction
The transformation of the social environment dictates the formation of a new state of society, which at the stage of modern civilizational development moves into the information stage. This stage is characterized by a significant influence of the flow of information on the individual. Computerization of all spheres of life, improvement of communications, and the emergence of new types of information sources increase the possibilities of its dissemination and, at the same time, increase the burden on people. The process of informatization in Russia began in the early 1980s, which led to a shift in the axiological emphasis in the formation of personality. This process was reflected in a noticeable increase in the information needs of the population, which forced a larger number of socially significant industries to reorient themselves to satisfy them. At the same time, the threats and risks associated with the penetration of information into all spheres of life and activity are increasing. Analyzing the current state of the information space, we can conclude that it is often transformed into a source of negative impact, becoming dangerous to the individual, leading to the emergence of information addiction.
The object of the study is the dependent behavior of the individual.
The subject of the study is the information dependence of the individual.
The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the manifestation of information dependence, the features of its diagnosis and correction.
In accordance with the goal, the following tasks were identified:
To study the essence of the concept of “information dependence”;
To study the features of its occurrence, stages of formation, methods of diagnosis and correction.
Concept, mechanism of occurrence and options for information dependence
personality information stage dependence
The Russian language dictionary defines dependence as subordination to others, to someone else's will, to someone else's power in the absence of independence and freedom.
In psychology, addiction can be understood as the inability to do without something, lack of freedom from a certain state, experience, action, or another person.
Dependency is a special internal state of a person. It is always characterized by the loss of personality, to one degree or another by the loss of free will, freedom of choice - its key quality that distinguishes a person from other animate creatures.
The term dependence itself was introduced in 1964 by the WHO Expert Committee to replace addiction and habituation. The term can be used both generally and to apply to all psychoactive substances. Addiction refers to both physical and psychological elements. Although the DSM-IIIR originally defined the term only as “a group of cognitive, behavioral, and psychological symptoms that indicate that a person has impaired control over substance use and continues to use the substance despite adverse consequences.”
One type of addiction is information addiction.
In various dictionaries, the concept of “information” is interpreted ambiguously. Linguistic dictionary - “information” comes from the Latin word “informatio”, which means “clarification, information, information”. In the dictionary of foreign words - “a message about something, information that is the object of storage, processing and transmission.” S. I. Ozhegov’s explanatory dictionary defines information dependence as information about the surrounding world and the processes occurring in it, perceived by a person or a special device. Large encyclopedic dictionary - information transmitted by people orally, in writing or in other ways (using conventional signals, technical means, etc.).
Information dependence, according to L.V. Baeva, is dependence on the continuous (excessively frequent) consumption of information from any sources available to a person (in the modern information space, this source is the Internet).
D. Bell believes that information addiction - pathological use of the media can be defined as a technological (behavioral) addiction, which is an excessive interaction between a person and the media. This type of addiction can be divided into passive (for example, watching TV) and active (for example, searching the Internet).
E. V. Zmanovskaya understands information dependence as obsessive-dependent behavior leading to adaptation disorders and accompanied by the development of intense emotions, expressed in the desire to escape from reality by changing one’s mental state through constant fixation of attention on the media.
Most often, victims of information addiction are individuals who are overly enthusiastic about using gadgets, without realizing that this can lead to negative consequences. Some young people do not see a threat in an excessive passion for information technology, since they consider it the “spirit of the times”, “modern life” and a “fashionable hobby”, however, after some time of intensive and uncontrolled use of information gadgets, sleep disorders and sudden changes in mood can be observed , lack of appetite, increased excitability and nervousness, an obsessive need to check mail or another Internet resource, etc.
Information dependence occurs due to the interaction of two factors. On the one hand, the flow of information that we encounter every day is very large; It is impossible to absorb all this information, let alone analyze it. On the other hand, instead of protecting ourselves from excess information, we get used to living in this information space. There is a need to constantly receive information - there is information dependence.
After analyzing the studies presented in the psychological and pedagogical literature, we concluded that four groups of risk factors for the formation of information dependence can be distinguished.
The first group of factors is cognitive. Students' lack of understanding and knowledge about the negative impact of addiction on the processes of physical, social and mental development creates fertile ground for the formation of behavioral deviations that lead to addiction.
The second group of factors are socio-psychological. Within these factors, reduced socio-psychological adaptation, non-acceptance of other members of society, and increased internality are identified as characteristic socio-psychological characteristics of a person at risk of developing addiction. These human characteristics lead to the formation of an incorrect behavior strategy, which consists in avoiding solving important life problems, as a result of which there is a systematic excessive appeal to the media as a compensating factor, which is a favorable condition for the formation and development of information dependence.
Personal factors form the third group of risk factors for the formation of information dependence. The formation and development of addiction is facilitated by a number of psychological factors: impaired self-control, rigidity, persistent affective disorders (high emotional instability, negative emotional impulsivity), infantilism, unstable self-esteem.
Common examples of information addiction are uncontrolled searches for information without necessity, excessive passion for online games, communication on social networks, etc.
O. Yu. Kalinichenko does not classify information dependence as a disease, since it has a wide range of symptoms and can affect people who simply work with information. However, the author managed to systematize the types of information dependencies, the main ones of which are the following.
Internet addiction is an obsessive desire to connect to the Internet and a painful inability to disconnect from it in time.
Gaming addiction is a purported form of psychological addiction that manifests itself in compulsive involvement with computer games or gambling.
Computer addiction is an addiction to working on a computer. At the same time, a person does not care what kind of work he does - play, listen to music, etc.
Communication addiction (mobile addiction) is an addiction to using a mobile phone.
Cybersex addiction - addiction to intimate dating online, addiction to casual dating and explicit sites, pictures,
Obsessive web surfing - endless travel on the Internet, searching for any available information, meaninglessly following links from one page to another.
Addiction to virtual communication - large volumes of correspondence, constant participation in chat rooms, web forums, social networks, redundancy of acquaintances and friends on the Internet.
Thus, information dependence is an obsessive-dependent behavior leading to adaptation disorders and accompanied by the development of intense emotions, expressed in the desire to escape from reality by changing one’s mental state through constant fixation of attention on the media. Based on an analysis of literary sources, we identified three groups of risk factors for the formation of information dependence: cognitive, socio-psychological, and personal.
Computer and Internet addiction.
1. A computer is the cherished dream of every modern teenager. Many parents buy a computer for their children and, without hesitation, give money for games in computer clubs. Computers are widely introduced into everyday life. The number of people who can work with computer programs, including playing computer games, is increasing. Learning to use a computer happens quite quickly and mastering the rules of an exciting game is not difficult.
Playing on the computer is a good psychological release and a means of relieving stress after a hard day, but the means often turns into an end in itself. Moreover, the moment of this transition is barely perceptible, and it is very difficult to establish it in time.
Computer addiction is a type of non-chemical addiction that leads to the destruction of a person’s physical and mental state, degradation of him as a person due to addiction, excessive passion for computer games, the Internet.
If you look at it realistically, computer addiction is a real epidemic of an insidious disease.
Stages of infection:
1. Accidental - occurs when a person begins to play “out of nothing to do” or with a conscious desire to escape from problems, to plunge into the sweet intoxication of dreams.
2. Retraction - occurs when one game becomes not enough and the search for new sensations begins, you want to be an eternally winning computer hero with an invented image, beautiful appearance, etc. in virtual life. But in real life, abstaining from colorful games is accompanied by real “withdrawal”: a state of depression does not allow you to solve everyday affairs, apathy, irritation, absent-mindedness and a state of loss appear.
3. Complete dependence - occurs when the “addict” cannot tear himself away from the computer monitor, even when natural physiological needs arise: to eat, sleep, go to the toilet.
In total, from 1 to 10 symptoms of computer addiction can be observed, which include:
Excessive time spent online;
Increased anxiety in the real world;
Hiding the amount of time spent in cyberspace;
Decreased capacity in the real world;
Partially leads to social isolation;
Depression;
Family breakdown;
Academic failure;
Financial instability;
Losing a job.
Studies of operator-programmers have identified 22 of the most common states when working with a computer. Moreover, this can lead to both positive and negative consequences.
Positive Negative
________________________________________________________________
Excitement
decisiveness __________ uncertainty
concentration __________ confusion (confusion)
delight, admiration __________ disappointment
astonishment
joy
good mood __________ anger, sadness
calm __________ fear (fright)
excitement (worry)
interest
curiosity (inquisitiveness)________ indifference (indifference)
pleasure ___________ dissatisfaction
relief __________ irritation
The positive impact of a computer on human life includes:
Increased intellectual capabilities;
Development of the process of logical thinking and memory;
Business acumen;
Accuracy;
Accuracy;
And etc.
The negative impact of a computer on human life includes:
Simplifying problem solving reduces the demands on intellectual abilities;
The decision-making process comes down to logical components;
The flexibility of cognitive processes such as perception, thinking, and memory decreases.
2. Computer addiction is divided into 3 main types:
1. Cybersex addiction is an irresistible attraction to visiting porn sites and engaging in cybersex.
Excessive passion for working on the Internet, which consists in searching for new information, expands the possibilities of active fantasizing, identifying oneself with a character in the virtual world and satisfying sexual fantasies. Due to unlimited access to information, it often creates an illusory sense of its own power. In addition, a huge number of porn sites, including pedophilia, bestiality and other types of sexual perversion, constantly offer their services to the user. Moreover, 35% of websites are free. And what can we say about erotic pages, which are almost all free and available on almost every major website. According to statistics, the most visited pages and websites are those that contain any information about sex. Also, today there are quite a lot of dating sites in which users get married without knowing each other at all or knowing each other in absentia for only a few minutes. As practice shows, people who “virtually get married” have a much higher rate of divorces and leaving families. Cybersexual attraction is usually a symptom of an underlying problem that runs in the family even before the Internet entered the addict's life. Unfortunately, cybersex addiction leads to serious mental disorders, the consequences of which are sexual perversion and violence in real life.
2. Addiction to virtual dating - a preference to communicate with virtual acquaintances more than with real ones.
The passion for communicating with friends online makes it possible to find a virtual interlocutor who meets all your communication needs. It is important that no obligation is given to maintain communication with him in the future. This form of addiction leads to neglect of personal contacts in real life and has specific age-specific characteristics. Teenagers, due to their excessive passion for chatting, often cannot stop, because of this:
1) are late or completely miss classes at school, while knowing about the problems that await them later;
2) some people have thoughts about visiting the Internet immediately after waking up in the morning;
3) the emergence of the “imaginary friend” phenomenon, characteristic of the playing age.
The development of active imagination at this time leads to the appearance of “imaginary friends” in 65% of adolescents, who perform several functions:
They are companions in the play of imagination;
Appear in the absence of real friends;
They are an object for expressing their innermost desires and feelings.
When in the life of a teenager the hobby of chatting becomes a priority: the range of interests narrows, interest and liveliness in the conversation arises only when discussing computer topics. At this moment, the teenager’s breathing quickens, a sparkle appears in his eyes and his face turns red, the dialogue turns into his monologue (he can talk for a long time about the nuances and subtleties of working with a computer). Teenagers hardly notice those around them and do not react to the words of their interlocutor (affective narrowing of consciousness). Communication with real peers is limited; they begin to group based on the presence of a computer. All free time and pocket money are spent on buying computer accessories. Often they prefer to go hungry, spending their parents' lunch money on buying another CD or some part to upgrade their computer. They often experience sleep disturbances.
3. Obsessive passion for computer games (shooting games, strategies, quests, online gambling).
Currently, computer games as a form of computer activity are becoming increasingly widespread. For many teenagers, their only purpose is to work with a computer.
There are 2 types of computer gaming programs:
1. Entertainment programs and trainings.
2. Training and development programs.
The first type of programs does not require a high level of intellectual development and is designed to train reaction speed. The danger that appears in a painful addiction to games lies in uncontrolled 3) computer gaming activity.
It has been established that the side effects of video games are:
Overinvolvement;
Increasing aggressiveness, especially in younger children (12-15 years old);
Increased level of anxiety when unable to play.
Why do teenagers get hooked on games?
In the game, the child gains power over the world, while the computer mouse plays the role of a magic wand, thanks to which you become the ruler of the world without making any effort. There is always the opportunity to replay: to achieve better results, to change the situation. This is especially exciting for those who are unsuccessful in real life, as well as those who receive little attention from their parents. Almost all games are built on aggression and murder; in many games there is permitted murder and teenagers quickly learn this model of behavior.
In Ukraine, an experiment was conducted by operator-programmers, which consisted of the following: a sound signal of a certain frequency is turned on in the computer and a geometric, freely rotating figure appears on the screen. It turned out that under the influence of this technique, the human brain is programmed in such a way that there is a need to view this fragment again. This method, as it turned out, is used in the development of computer games for commercial purposes.
