Different combinations on the keyboard. Complete list of Windows hotkeys

Basic Windows hotkeys 1

So, in fact, it is. When an experienced user switches from one program to another, it is rarely difficult for him to master the new interface and new features. As a rule, everything that worked on old or other versions also works successfully with new software systems.

What is the reason? Very simple. The main attention is paid to the “friendliness” and understandability of the interface. Once in demand, proven technologies for using programs rarely undergo changes.

One of these tricks - “hot keys” in text editors such as MS Word, MS WordPad, OpenOffice.org and many others - requires a separate discussion due to their regular use.

There are several common keyboard shortcuts for managing files from application programs. These are Ctrl+N, Ctrl+O, Ctrl+S, Ctrl+Q. Let's look at the purpose of each combination separately.

To create a new document, be it a text file, an audio file or a video, in the appropriate program press Ctrl+N or select the desired menu item. To open an existing file, use the combination Ctrl+O.

Despite the ability to autosave, computer malfunctions can become a headache if the data you are editing is irretrievably lost. Therefore, it is good practice to periodically press Ctrl+S. This command saves the changes made. Sometimes there is a need to save data to another file, then the F12 key comes to the rescue.

You can print a document using the Ctrl+P command. Try using this combination and you will see that it is much easier than searching for the desired command with your mouse in the menu.

And, of course, to finish working with the program - a pleasant end to the working day - there are many options for hot keys. You can, for example, press Alt+F4 or Ctrl+W, which are standard commands for closing an application, or you can use a specially provided menu command or its hotkey - Ctrl+Q (in OpenOffice.org).

The name itself - a text editor - implies typing and editing texts. Therefore, it is worth looking at general purpose commands for editing documents in more detail.

Firstly, these are the standard operations “Cut”, “Paste”, “Copy”. Although they are described in all guides and articles (even on our website), I consider it necessary to repeat here.

So, to cut the selected object to the clipboard, press Ctrl+X or Shift+Del; to copy the selected object to the clipboard - Ctrl+C or Ctrl+Ins; to paste an object from the buffer - Ctrl+V or Shift+Ins.

Now let's talk about such an interesting feature of MS Word as working with vertical blocks of text. To understand what this is, consider an example where vertical and horizontal blocks are compared:

As a rule, most users do not even know what vertical blocks are and that all the same editing operations apply to them as for ordinary horizontal ones.

To switch to vertical block selection mode, press Ctrl+Shift+F8. Only then select the block with the mouse or the cursor keys. You can do it another way: select a block of text and simultaneously hold down the Alt key. Experiment with vertical blocks. I am sure that they will come in handy someday and will help you save a lot of time and effort.

Often the results of editing do not bring satisfaction from the work done, and you want to go back a step, or even several steps back. To do this, press Ctrl+Z. If you need to repeat the changes made, then there is a very convenient command - Ctrl+Y.

And finally: when working with documents you sometimes have to change the scale of the text. There is a special menu item for this, but it is much more convenient to turn the mouse wheel and simultaneously hold down the Ctrl key. Try it, I think you will like this simple technique.

Let's summarize:

operations with files: Ctrl+N, Ctrl+O, Ctrl+S, F12, Ctrl+P;

working with the clipboard: Ctrl+X, Ctrl +C, Ctrl+V, Ctrl+Z, Ctrl+Y, Shift+Ins, Shift+Del, Ctrl+Ins, Ctrl + selection - for a vertical block of text;

change the scale, display text: Ctrl + rotate the mouse wheel.

The document should look beautiful, so that it is pleasant to look at, so that all tables are neat, the most important thoughts are highlighted, so that there is nothing superfluous on the page and at the same time there are no unreasonably empty spaces. The ideal is not achievable, but there are a number of techniques that make it easier to change a document in order to, through trial and error, get at least a little closer to the cherished perfection.

Font effects play an important role in the perception of text. Let's look at some of them in more detail.

To underline a word, you need to select it and then simultaneously press the Ctrl+U key combination. In this case, both all characters of the selected text and the spaces between them will be underlined. To underline only words you need to use Ctrl+Shift+U. To select a block of text in italics, you can use the combination Ctrl+I. If, to increase clarity, it was decided to highlight some phrases in bold, then for this there is a convenient alternative to the mouse - Ctrl + B.

It is often necessary for a phrase to be typed in capital letters. The easiest way to do this is to immediately type in upper case. However, it is not always possible to do everything correctly, so a special command was developed to convert a selected piece of text into upper or lower case - Shift+F3.

All the key combinations described above work as switches. This means that to return to the previous text input mode, you must press the same key combination again that changed the standard mode. For example, the Ctrl+U command will set the font attribute responsible for the underscore. To remove this attribute and return to the normal style, you must press Ctrl+U again.

Notes and footnotes are an integral part of any creative work. Of course, you can use the menu item of the same name to insert a footnote, but it is much easier to do this by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F.

To insert a page break, it is convenient to use Ctrl+Enter.

Some things can only be done if you use a mouse and keyboard at the same time. The most common example is smooth resizing of table cells. This is achieved by resizing the cell using the mouse and simultaneously pressing the Alt key.

It's no secret that text looks much better on a computer screen or in printed form when it is aligned in width. This alignment is achieved by increasing the length of the space between words. However, such behavior is not always justified. For example, you need to type a sentence that contains a surname and initials. If you put a simple space between them, then when aligning the initials may be located far away

from the surname, which is incorrect. To eliminate this effect, there is a special character - a fixed space. The easiest way to insert it is by pressing Ctrl+Shift+Spacebar at the same time.

So, let's summarize.

to change the font effect, use the commands: Ctrl+I, Ctrt+B, Ctrl+U, Ctrl+Shift+W;

to convert letters to uppercase: Shift+F3;

to set a fixed space: Ctrl+Shift+Space;

to break pages: Ctrl+Enter.

It is impossible to know all the keyboard shortcuts for quick access to menus to simplify basic text editing operations. But the main thing is different. The main thing is to learn to use the set of commands that are used most often than others. Each person will have a unique set. Of course, there will be similarities, but in general, everyone will plan their work with documents differently. Through trial and error, you can find how to quickly perform similar operations to save time and effort.

Basic Windows 2 hotkeys

Working in Windows can be made more efficient and faster if you use not only the mouse, but also use “hot keys” - special key combinations designed to simplify and speed up work. For example, few people know that the very often used Explorer (whether without it) is launched by simultaneously pressing Win + E. Agree, this is much more convenient!

Note

The Win key is located between the Ctrl and Alt keys on the left side (it has the Windows logo on it).

The Menu key is to the left of the right Ctrl.

The combination “key” + “key” means that you first press the first key, and then, while holding it, press the second.

General purpose hotkeys

	Keyboard shortcut	Description
		Open the Start menu
	Ctrl + Shift + Esc	Calling the "Task Manager"
		Launching Explorer
		Displaying the “Run program” dialog, analogous to “Start” - “Run”
		Minimize all windows or return to original state (switch)
		Locking a workstation
		Access Windows Help
		Opening the System Properties window
		Open file search window
		Open computer search window
		Take a screenshot of the entire screen
	Alt + Printscreen	Take a screenshot of the currently active window
		Switches between taskbar buttons
	Win + Shift + Tab
		Move between panels. For example, between the desktop and the Quick Launch panel
		Select everything (objects, text)

		Copy to clipboard (objects, text)
		Cut to clipboard (objects, text)
		Paste from clipboard (objects, text)
		Create a new document, project, or similar action. In Internet Explorer, this opens a new window with a copy of the contents
		current window.
		Call a file selection dialog to open a document, project, etc.
		Undo last action
		CD-ROM autorun lock (hold while the drive reads the newly inserted disc)
		Switch to full screen mode and back (switch; for example, in Windows Media Player or in a command interpreter window).

Work with text

	Keyboard shortcut	Description
		Select all
		Copy
		Cut
		Insert
		Moving through words in the text. Works not only in text editors. For example, it is very convenient to use in the address bar
		browser
		Text selection
	Ctrl + Shift + ←	Selecting text by words
	Ctrl + Shift + →

Move to the beginning or end of a line of text

Move to the beginning or end of the document

Working with files

	Keyboard shortcut	Description
		Displays the context menu of the current object (same as right-clicking).
		Calling “Object Properties”
		Renaming an object
	Drag with Ctrl	Copying an object
	Drag with Shift	Moving an object
	Drag with Ctrl + Shift	Create an object shortcut
	Ctrl clicks	Selecting multiple objects in random order
	Shift clicks	Selecting multiple adjacent objects
		Same as double clicking on an object
		Deleting an object
		Permanently deleting an object without placing it in the trash

Working in Explorer

	Keyboard shortcut	Description
	F3 or Ctrl + F	Show or hide the search bar in Explorer (switch).
		Navigation through the explorer tree, folding and unrolling of nested directories.
	+ (on numeric keypad)
	− (on numeric keypad)
	* (asterisk) (on numeric keypad)	Show all folders within a selected folder
		Refresh the Explorer or Internet Explorer window.

Working with Windows

	Keyboard shortcut	Description
		Calling the transition menu between windows and navigating through it
	Alt + Shift + Tab
		Switch between windows (in the order in which they were launched)
	Alt + Shift + Esc
		Switching between multiple windows of the same program (for example, between open WinWord windows)
		Closing the active window (running application). On the desktop - call the Windows shutdown dialog
		Closing the active document in programs that allow multiple documents to be opened simultaneously
		Calling the window menu
	Alt + − (minus)	Calling the system menu of a child window (for example, a document window)
		Exit a window menu or close an open dialog
		Call a menu command or open a menu column. The corresponding letters in the menu are usually underlined (either initially, or become
	Alt + letter	underlined after pressing Alt). If the menu column is already open, then to call the desired command you need to press the key with the letter,
		which is emphasized in this command
		Calling the window system menu
		Call application help.
		Scroll text vertically or move up and down paragraphs of text.

Working with Dialog Boxes

Working in Internet Explorer

	Keyboard shortcut	Description
		Displaying a list of the Address field
		Start another browser instance with the same web address
		Refresh the current web page
		Opens the Organize Favorites dialog box
		Opens the Search panel
		Starting the Search Utility
		Opens the Favorites panel
		Opens the Open dialog box
		Opens the Open dialog box, similar to CtrL+L
		Opens the Print dialog box
		Closing the current window
		Switch to full screen mode and back (works in some other applications as well).

Special abilities

Press the Shift key five times: Turn Sticky Keys on or off

Hold down the Right SHIFT key for eight seconds: Turn input filtering on or off

Hold down the Num Lock key for five seconds: Toggle voiceover on or off

Alt Left + Shift Left + Num Lock: Enable or disable keyboard pointer control

Alt Left + Shift Left + PRINT SCREEN: Toggle High Contrast on or off

In this lesson, you will find the main Windows 7 hotkeys; after reading, you will use your computer much more efficiently than you used it before.

Hotkeys is a method of interaction between the keyboard and the computer. This method consists of executing commands (operations) on a computer using keys or key combinations to which commands (operations) are programmed.

It’s very difficult to get used to something new, so you shouldn’t start memorizing all the keys. To begin with, take 10-20 pieces to use, and then use others, so to speak, expanding your knowledge. It is also worth paying attention to the fact that each program can use its own hot keys, which were programmed by the developers of this program.

If you use Windows 7 hotkeys daily, at least 10 of them, you will notice how much more efficient your work will become. See the list of hotkeys in Windows 7 below.

List of hotkeys

Hotkeys for working with text and files

I advise you to use the hotkeys that are in this section, be sure to learn and use them always.

Ctrl + C– Copy selected elements.

Ctrl+A- Select all. If you are in a text document, then pressing these keys will select all the text, and if you are in a folder where there are other objects, then you can select all files and folders.

Ctrl + X- Cut out. The command cuts selected items (files, folders or text).

Ctrl + V- Insert. Paste copied or cut items.

Ctrl + Z- Cancel. Cancel actions, for example, if you accidentally deleted text in MS Word, then use these keys to return the original text back (cancel input and actions).

ALT+ ENTER or ALT + Double-click the left mouse button– View properties of the selected element(s) (applicable for files).

CTRL+F4- Close the current window in the program.

Deleting files and text

Delete- Delete the selected element(s). If you use this key in text, then placing the mouse cursor in the middle of the word and clicking on the “Delete” button, deletion will occur from left to right.

Shift+Delete- Delete item(s) bypassing the trash. For files and folders.

Backspace - Deleting text. If you are working in a text editor, then this key can be used to delete text; place the cursor, say, in the middle of a sentence, by clicking on the “Backspace” button, deleting will occur from right to left.

Other

— Open the Start menu or CTRL + ESC, the button is usually located between the buttons CTRL And ALT.

+F1- Reference.

+B- Move the cursor to the tray.

+M- Minimize all windows.

+D- Show desktop (collapse all windows, and when pressed again, maximize windows).

+ E— Open My Computer.

+F- Open the search window.

+ G– Show gadgets on top of windows.

+ L– Lock the computer. If you move away from the computer, be sure to use these keys to quickly lock the computer. Very useful if you have children or ill-wishers who can read your personal information.

+P– Projector control. If a projector is connected, these keys will allow you to quickly switch between the projector and the computer.

+ R– Open the “Run” window.

+T– One by one, we move the focus sequentially on the icons that are located in the taskbar.

+U– Open the Ease of Access Center window.

+X– Call “Mobility Center” (laptops and netbooks).

+ Tab– Call “Flip 3D”. When clicked, you can use the mouse to select the window.

+ Space– Desktop view (Aero Peak). All windows will become transparent.

+ Arrow– Control the location of the active window. Pressing the up arrow - maximize, down - minimize, left - snap to left edge, right - snap to right edge.

+Pause— Open the “System Properties” window.

+ Home— Minimize all windows except the active window; pressing again will open the minimized windows. + 5, the player will open.

Alt + Tab– Switch between windows and applications.

Shift + Ctrl + N- Create a new folder.

SHIFT+ F10– Displays options for the selected element.

Shift + Arrow – Selection . The arrows used are left, right, down and up. Applicable for text and files.

CTRL- Selection of elements. By holding CTRL you can selectively select elements. For example, while in a folder, left-click on the folders that you want to copy or cut, after selecting, release CTRL and get the folders you selected for further work with them.

Ctrl + Shift + Esc– Open task manager.

CTRL+TAB– Jump forward through bookmarks.

Alt + F4– Close the window or exit the application.

ALT + Space- Display the system menu for the current window.

F2- Rename. Select the object and press the F2 button .

F5- Refresh window. It is often used in the browser if the page is frozen or information needs to be updated. Applies also if you are in a folder or program.

F10 - Activate menu.

Esc- Cancel the operation. When you open, for example, the properties of a folder by pressing the ESC button, the Properties window will close.

ENTER– Open the selected element.

TAB- Go forward through options.

P.S. Dessert for today, video about Windows 7 hotkeys.

To improve your computer efficiency, you just need to know most useful keyboard shortcuts Windows. You can find huge lists of “hot” keys on the Internet, but it’s hard to remember everything, and it’s not necessary.

In this IT lesson I will share with you those useful keyboard shortcuts that I use most often.

What are hotkeys?

First, let’s figure out what “hot key combinations” we are talking about.

Hotkeys or keyboard shortcut(aka shortcut keys) are combinations of simultaneously pressed buttons on the keyboard that allow you to quickly perform an action.

That is, by holding down two or three buttons on the keyboard, you replace several actions with the mouse, thereby significantly speeding up your work on the computer.

Where can I use keyboard shortcuts?

On different operating systems(Windows, Linux, Mac OS) different keyboard shortcuts are used, but some of them are identical.

In most programs hotkeys are also used. Some of them are standard for certain operations (creating a new document, printing), and some are unique for each individual program.

If you constantly use any program, be sure to familiarize yourself with its hot keys, this will help speed up your work several times!

Useful Windows Keyboard Shortcuts

And now the most useful Windows key combinations that I recommend remembering. All of these shortcuts use "modifier keys" ( Ctrl, Alt, Shift and key Windows):

Every computer user should know this!

All PC users should know these Windows key combinations; they work both with folders and files, and with text.

“Copy”, “Cut”, “Paste” keys:

• Ctrl+C– copy to clipboard (the file, folder or text will remain in the current location).
• Ctrl+X– cut to clipboard (the file, folder or text will be deleted from its current location).
• Ctrl+V– paste from the clipboard (copied or cut files, folders or text will appear in the current location).

“Select All” and “Undo”:

To select all the contents of the current folder or all the contents of an open document:

• Ctrl+A- select all.

I hope you already know about these hotkeys, but it wouldn’t hurt to repeat them.

But not everyone knows these combinations:

• Ctrl+Z– cancel the previous action (including copying/moving files).
• Ctrl+Y– repeat the undone action (i.e. the opposite of the previous key combination).

Working with documents opened in the program

Hotkeys that will save you both time and nerves. Why drag the mouse to the menu “ File", after clicking, look for the item " Create" or " new document"(in most programs the location and names of the items are different), when you can hold down two keys:

• Ctrl + N– creating a new document in the program.

When you type text in Word, you need to save the document often so as not to lose it in case of various failures. But sometimes you are too lazy to pick up the mouse again, look for an icon on the taskbar, or an item in the menu; there is a simple replacement:

• Ctrl+S– save the open document.

These key combinations work in office programs, browsers, and graphic editors; both in Windows and Linux.

Hotkeys for working with program windows

When you have many programs open, and each program also contains more than one document, it’s not difficult to get confused. But these hotkeys will help you quickly switch between programs.

• Alt+Tab— switching between windows of running programs. Hold Alt and keep pressing Tab to move to other programs (see ).
• Alt + Shift + Tab— scrolling through open programs in reverse order (the same Alt+Tab, but backwards) with a large list of open programs can be very convenient.
• Ctrl+Tab– switching between bookmarks of an open window, switching between documents open in the program (for example, you can quickly switch between two open files in Word).
• Win+1, Win+2…Win+0– switch between open programs by number on the taskbar. Launching programs pinned to the taskbar (we have already discussed in more detail).

These keyboard shortcuts will help you quickly close unnecessary documents.

• Alt+F4– closes the active program.
• Ctrl+F4– closing one document or tab in the program (the program itself continues to work).

Have a lot of programs open, but need to quickly see your desktop? Please:

• Win+D– minimize all windows and show the desktop (pressing again returns all windows to their place!).

Let's start with the keys that do not need a combination, pressing which individually performs some operation.

• F1– in most programs calls help system(“Help” or “Help”)
• Backspace – go back in the Explorer window and in browsers (the previous open folder or the previous page of the site).
• Tab– each time you press activates another element program window for keyboard control (open a new browser window and press the Tab key several times, watching where the blinking cursor or highlight moves). In text editors, pressing TAB indents text at a standard distance - very convenient, but more on that in one of the future IT lessons.
• Esc – closes dialog boxes, various menus and some programs. Also, undoes completed actions(if you get lost in open program windows and are afraid to accidentally change settings, then press ESC until you return to the main window).
• Win– opens and closes menu "".

I have already mentioned some of the listed combinations in previous IT lessons, so as not to overwhelm you today with a huge list of new combinations.

Keyboard shortcuts book

Want to learn more hotkeys? Then leave a useful comment and receive a book as a gift"Magic Keyboard Shortcuts"! You can read more about the book.

Continuing the topic of working with Windows 10 hotkeys (the first part of the topic, dedicated to the list of keyboard shortcuts, is located), it is worth mentioning how you can change them in your own way. We will assume that you are already familiar with the main ones and have an idea of ​​what it is. For example, having familiarized yourself with the system keys for quick access to functions, you found that some of them are not very convenient for you to use. You would like to configure some functions in a way that is convenient for you.

Unfortunately, this is not as simple as it might seem at first glance. By default, the system has combinations of buttons on the keyboard that allow you to quickly perform some actions without the need to navigate through a multi-level context menu. The developer simply did not provide an easy way to reassign hotkeys for Windows 10 and older versions. In this article, we will tell you possible options for changing the keys for quick access to some operating system operations.

How to find a list of hotkeys

In fact, there are enough hotkeys in Windows 10 to scare off inexperienced users. In the previous article on this topic, we published the main list of abbreviations that work in system applications. But the trouble is that some third-party applications, for example, Microsoft Office, browsers or other products, may have their own shortcut keys that do not match the system ones. What to do in this case?

There are several ways to get help for each software product:

1. Press the F1 key and read the help information built into the application. But for this, the program developer needs to take care of this. In this case, you do not need an Internet connection to use the help section. Practice shows that this option is not always available. Then you can go to the “Help” section in the program menu.
2. Regardless of what application you are running, you can press the Win + F1 key combination, after which the browser set as the main one will launch, with a link to the help section of the Microsoft website. Some programs can lead to a web resource of their own content. Accordingly, in this case, you will need a connection to the World Wide Web, because all information is not built into the program code, but is stored on a remote server.
3. Can be called the simplest way; When using the context menu with the right mouse button, please note that almost every action contains information about which hot keys are responsible for it. Typically, users use the same functions in each program, and over time, keyboard shortcuts can be learned to speed up the workflow.

How to change Windows hotkeys

Unfortunately, as mentioned a little above, Windows developers did not provide the ability to change any system hotkeys using the built-in functionality of the operating system. The only combination that can be changed is switching languages ​​and keyboard layouts. This operation is possible in any version of Windows, both the newest 10 and the older 7 or 8.

After installing the operating system, languages ​​can be switched using the Alt + Shift combination, and already in Windows 8 and 10 the Win + Space combination was added. But habit is a serious matter and many users find it much more convenient to switch languages, for example, using the combination Ctrl + Shift or Ctrl + Alt. What are your hotkey settings for switching languages?

• Open Control Panel - Languages ​​- Advanced Settings - Change language bar keyboard shortcuts.
• In the small window that opens, select “Change keyboard shortcut” and select one option from the many offered.
• Save your changes and start using your usual button combination.

Nothing complicated, right?

How to assign application launcher hotkeys

If it is impossible to change hotkeys for performing system actions, then assigning them to launch almost any application is very simple. To do this, after installing the program, you need to right-click on the shortcut on the desktop, select “Properties” - “Shortcut” - “Shortcut” and click on the button or combination thereof, which you will use to launch the program. Please note that if hotkeys are already in use by the system, they will be reset. Be careful!

Hotkey Managers

The easiest and most accessible way to change hotkeys on Windows 10 is to use special utilities for this. We will look at the two most popular of them.

Key Remapper

An excellent program with rich functionality that allows you to reassign almost any button on the keyboard, mouse, even using the scroll wheel. Utility features:

• Overriding almost any keyboard and mouse key, as well as intercepting the mouse wheel.
• Redefining existing keys to those that are physically missing.
• Change the location of the buttons.
• Emulation of keyboard shortcuts and mouse clicks.
• Limiting the program's action to a specific application.
• Ability to assign multiple key profiles.

The program does not clog your computer's registry and does not require a reboot for your new assignments to take effect. You can download the program from the link http://atnsoft.ru/keyremapper/.

MKey

The original purpose of this utility is to use additional keys on multimedia keyboards. These are those keyboards on which, in addition to alphabetic and numeric buttons, there are many additional ones for launching certain applications and functions. First of all, you can use them, but if you have a regular keyboard, without all these buttons, the program can also be used to reassign regular keys.

Possibilities:

1. Media Control

• Supports almost all the most popular audio and video players: start, play, stop.
• Adjust the volume, rewind a music or video file.
• Laserdisc drive control: opening, closing, starting disc playback.

• Ability to run any application installed on your computer.
• Launch any Explorer folders.
• All functions with files and folders: insert, copy, move.
• Managing open windows: minimize, maximize, close, move, lock.
• Power management: turn off, sleep, reboot, lock; setting the timer.
• Change the desktop background.
• Change the language and keyboard layout.
• Network connection management.

1. Working with applications

• Manage any installed browser.
• Document management: open, save, create new, print, undo and redo.
• Email management: reply, forward, send.
• Emulates almost any key in program windows.

1. Additional functions

• The finest settings, excellent customization options.
• Notifications in the system tray.
• Insert text, date and time according to a specified template.
• Ability to create a screenshot.
• 10 clipboards, advanced ability to manage their contents.
• Several parameter profiles, customization of each of them.
• Creating your own combination in each individual application.
• Emulates absolutely any keyboard or mouse button.
• Recording macros.
• Additional external plugins.
• Minimal resource usage.
• You do not need to restart your device for the changes to take effect.

Conclusion

Initially, the hotkeys are designed conveniently and can be used without changing them at all. But if you still want to change them, use one of the tips in our article.

In the comments, please tell us if you have changed the keyboard shortcuts on your Windows 10. If so, how.

Google Chrome

• Ctrl+L or ALT+D or F6 - go to the address bar and select its contents;
• Ctrl+K or Ctrl+E - go to the address bar and enter a query to the default search engine;
• Ctrl+Enter - will turn tratata in the address bar into www.tratata. com:)
• Ctrl+T - new tab;
• Ctrl+N - new window;
• Ctrl+Shift+T - return the last closed tab;
• Ctrl+Shift+N - secret level of "Chrome" :) New window in "Incognito" mode;
• Shift+Esc - another secret level :) Built-in task manager;
• Ctrl+Tab or Ctrl+PageDown - as elsewhere, scroll through the tabs from left to right;
• Ctrl+Shift+Tab or Ctrl+PageUp - scroll through the tabs from right to left;
• Ctrl+1, ..., Ctrl+8 - switches between the first eight tabs;
• Ctrl+9 - switches to the last tab;
• Backspace or Alt+left arrow - go to the previous page in the history of the current tab;
• Shift+Backspace or Alt+right arrow - go to the next page in the history of the current tab;
• Shift+Alt+T - switch to the button toolbar; after that, you can navigate through it using the left and right arrows, and select a button by pressing Enter;
• Ctrl+J - open the all downloads tab;
• Ctrl+Shift+J - open developer tools (View element code menu);
• Ctrl+W or Ctrl+F4 - close the active tab or pop-up window;
• Ctrl+R or F5 - as elsewhere, refresh (open tab);
• Ctrl+H - open the History tab;
• Ctrl+Shift+Delete - clear history window;
• Ctrl+F or Ctrl+G - search for text on an open page;
• Ctrl+U - view the HTML source of the page; By the way, an address bar like view-source:FULL_URL will show the source from this URL;
• Ctrl+O - as elsewhere, the file opening window... and the "File" menu do not need to be searched;
• Ctrl+S - similar - saving the current page;
• Ctrl+P - print the current page;
• Ctrl+D - add to bookmarks, like most browsers;
• Ctrl+Shift+B - open Bookmark Manager;
• Alt+Home - return to the home page;
• Ctrl++ (plus), Ctrl+- (minus) - zoom in and out; “plus” and “minus” can be regular or gray;
• Ctrl+0 - return to display scale 100%;
• F11 - full screen and back.
• Opening links in Chrome is also convenient, once you get used to it, and you don’t need the right mouse button:
• Ctrl + click on the link (option - click on the link with the middle mouse button or scroll wheel) - open the link in a new tab without switching to it;
• Ctrl + Shift + clicking on the link (option - Shift + clicking on the link with the middle mouse button or scroll wheel) - open the link in a new tab and switch to it;
• Shift + click on a link - open the link in a new window.

Firefox

• Raise or lower the page. Spacebar – lower the page, Shift+spacebar – raise the page.
• Find. Ctrl+F or Alt-N for next page.
• Bookmark this page. Ctrl+D.
• Quick search./.
• New inset. Ctrl+T.
• Go to the search bar. Ctrl+K.
• Go to address bar. Ctrl+L.
• Increase text size. Ctrl+=. Reduce text sizeCtrl+-
• Close tab. Ctrl-W.
• Refresh the page. F5.
• Go to home page. Alt-Home.
• Restore a closed page. Ctrl+Shift+T.
• Bookmarks by keywords. This is the most productive. If you visit a site frequently, you bookmark it (of course!), then go to bookmark properties (right-click on them). Add a short keyword to the keyword input line, save, and after that you can simply enter this keyword in the address bar (Ctrl+L) and immediately go to the site.

Gmail

• Write a new letter. C.
• Reply to the letter. R.
• Reply to all.A.
• Forward the letter. F.
• Save the current letter and open the next letter.Y+O.
• Delete the letter and open the next one. #+O (or Shift-3+O).
• Send a written letter. Tab-Enter.
• Search. /.
• Navigation. Move down J and up K through the contact list.
• List of messages. N and P move the cursor to the next or previous message in the message list.
• Ignore. M– letters with marked addresses are no longer included in the list of incoming letters and are archived.
• Select a chain of letters. X – the email chain will be selected. You can archive it, apply a shortcut to it, and select an action for it.
• Save draft. Control-S.
• Go to the list of messages. G+I.
• Go to tagged emails. G+S.
• Go to address book. G+C.

Windows

• Create shortcut key combinations. To create keyboard shortcuts for quick switching, right-click on the shortcut key creation icon (there is one on your desktop) and enter the combination. For example, such as Ctrl-Alt-W for the Word program.
• Switch between windows. Alt-Tab – select the desired window, then lower the keys. Or, hold down the Windows key, press Tab to cycle through the taskbar buttons to find the window you want, then press Enter when you find it. If you add a Shift button to any of these methods, window selection will be done in the reverse direction.
• Go to desktop. Windows key-D.
• Context menu. Instead of right-clicking, press Shift-F10. Then scroll up or down the menu using the up and down arrow keys.
• Shutdown. To quickly shut down your computer, press the Window key and then U. With this key, you can also press S to pause, U to shut down, or R to restart.
• The most general. You know this, of course, but for beginners you need to mention the most famous combinations: Ctrl-O – open, Ctrl-S – save, Ctrl-N – open a new document, Ctrl-W – close window, Ctrl-C – copy, Ctrl -V – paste, Ctrl-X – cut. Ctrl-Z – undo (backward), Ctrl-Y – undo (forward). To see the contents of the clipboard in MS Office, press Ctrl-C twice. Ctrl-Home – go to the beginning of the document, Ctrl-End – go to the end.
• Menu. When you press Alt, a menu appears that you need to navigate using the arrow buttons. Alt plus the underlined letter of each menu option leads to the use of that option. Or simply remember the key combination for this option for even faster use.
• Windows Explorer. Windows-E - My Computer program starts.

Mac OS X

• Switch Dock. Option-Cmd-D – show/hide Dock.
• Hide everything else. Cmd-Option-H hides all other windows except the one you are in. Lightens your screen.
• Close a window. Cmd-W closes the currently open window. Option-Cmd-W closes all open windows.
• Expand the directory. Option-Cmd-Right Arrow – Expand a directory and subdirectories in a list in Finder.
• Back and forth. Cmd-[ andCmd-] works with Finder, Safari and Firefox.
• Copy screen. Cmd-Shift-3 – for the entire screen. Cmd-Shift-4 – Creates a border to copy the selected portion of the screen.
• Exit. Shift-Cmd-Q – exit will take place in 2 minutes. Shift-Option-Cmd-Q – exit immediately.
• Empty trash. Shift-Cmd-Delete.
• New window in Safari. Cmd-T.
• Help. Cmd-shift-?.
• Loading CD. Press C and during startup (immediately after the melody) load a CD.
• Boot from another department. Option-Cmd-Shift-Delete – will begin booting until another partition is found, such as a CD or disk.
• Additional Information. Cmd-Option-I opens a window with additional information that allows you to see and compare many files and folders in one window.
• Sleep mode, reboot and shutdown. Cmd-option-eject, Cmd-ctrl-eject, and Cmd-Option-ctrl-eject.
• Forced shutdown. Cmd-opt-Esc is basic, but very useful.
• Fast FTP protocol. Cmd-K will open a connection to the server.

MS Excel

• Edit cell. F2. This is probably the main key you need to know.
• Column selection. Ctrl-space.
• Row selection. Shift-Space.
• Monetary format. Ctrl+Shift+4 (more precisely, Ctrl+$).
• Percentage format. Ctrl+Shift+5 (more precisely, Ctrl+%).
• Back to the beginning. Ctrl-Home makes cell A1 active.
• Enter the current date. Ctrl-colon.
• Enter the current time. Ctrl is the division sign.
• Copy cells. Ctrl - double quotes will copy the top cells (no formatting).
• Cell format. Ctrl-1 will open the Format Cells window.
• Navigation. Ctrl-PageUp and Ctrl-PageDown.
• Multiple input. Ctrl-Enter, instead of just Enter, after entering data in one of several selected cells, will transfer the data to all other selected cells.

MS Word

• Default formatting. Ctrl-Space enables normal styling for the current selection and subsequent text entry.
• Spacing between paragraphs. Ctrl-0 (upper zero on the keyboard) adds or removes space before the current paragraph. Ctrl-1 (at the top of the keyboard) – single paragraph line spacing. Ctrl-2 (top of the keyboard) – double paragraph line spacing. Ctrl-5 (at the top of the keyboard) changes the line spacing to one and a half.
• Update date and time. Alt-Shift-D – make date updates. Alt-Shift-T – make time updates.