How to learn a programming language c. Program from scratch. Now is the best time to start

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Currently, the profession of a programmer is gaining increasing popularity. It happens that people who dream of becoming programmers do not even start training after learning how expensive it is.

But there are many alternatives to expensive training. Today I will tell you how to learn programming at home and where is the best place to start learning.

Anyone can complete the training on their own. There are many ways to do this. It doesn’t matter at all what knowledge you have in the field of programming, you can learn from scratch, at home. By making programming your profession. I would like to note that this is a highly paid and in-demand profession.

The main thing is to take training seriously, because a programmer’s salary depends entirely on his knowledge and skills.

How to learn to program from scratch at home

So, programming has the following directions:

Web programmer (website creation);
Application programmer (writing programs);
System programmer (creating drivers, creating programs for working with the OS).

Before you start training, determine for yourself why you need it, what goals you are pursuing. Because programming is different. Think about what you would like to do: write games; develop websites or work with financial programs.

There are a large number of programming languages and each of them is designed for a specific application. This is why programming is divided into different categories. It is very important before starting training to decide which area you need to master.

English plays an important role in programming. Therefore, learn it and constantly improve it.

Today you can easily find services that will help you learn programming online. With their help, you can learn the basic principles of working with programming languages, as well as create programs yourself.

Popular online services for learning programming

Let's talk in more detail about the most popular online programming training services.

Codecademy

The service is extremely popular because it is free and created for those who understand practically nothing about programming. After completing registration, you can choose the course that suits you.

The learning process is quite simple, with simple tasks. During the learning process, all users receive grades for completed tasks. This way, it becomes clear what is working well and what still needs to be worked on.

This is the best service that teaches the following languages:

JavaScript;
HTML;
jQuery;
Python;
Ruby .

Code School

This service allows you to gain not only basic knowledge, but also become an expert in the field of programming. After completing the course, you will be able to program anything, even games about zombies. By completing tasks, you can earn various useful points.

The service contains paid and free courses. In addition, the service has courses for both beginners and more experienced users. The course consists of step-by-step lessons, videos, and assignments.

Treehouse

The service was created for those who do not want to waste their time reading. The learning process is based on video lessons, but the training is paid. You can use the seven-day trial version of the training for free. However, by paying money, users are more responsible about learning.

After completing the training, you will have your own personal project.

This service is not limited to any specific courses. It is designed for learning all areas of programming.

Udacity

The service is intended for a group of people. If you don’t want to study alone, then this service is for you. The training is conducted by a teacher, not a robot, as in other courses.

At the initial stage, training is free. The learning process is structured in such a way that you will not have time to relax and rest.

Sparki

This service is created for children. The training is not difficult, but the process itself is long. The application is paid - it is quite expensive.

Where to start learning programming

Let's try to figure out step by step how to start learning programming from scratch at home.

Decide why you need to program;

The programming language you will learn depends entirely on your desire and free time.

Choose the right language;

There is not, and cannot be, a better language in programming. If you manage to learn at least one, then the rest will be much easier.

It is believed that there are languages in programming that are completely easy for a beginner to learn.

You can choose Python as your first language. The program code is understandable to the average user. There is a good database of libraries, which means you can save a lot of time.

Java can also be suitable for a beginner. This language is very popular, despite the fact that it is not so simple;
PHP is a fairly simple language. You can easily find answers to all questions on the forum;
But the languages C and C# will be difficult for a beginner to learn;
Ruby is a good language for a second language;
JavaScript is an easy language, but it has very little benefit.

How to learn to program - start learning from the simplest, be patient

Use the app for kids

Today, even young children are learning to program. There are special applications for this that are suitable for any age.

Take online trainings and online courses

Such trainings and courses will help you create your first program, and will also allow you to learn the basics of programming.

Read books on programming

Directories will be a great help in finding answers to any questions. There are many books on programming on the Internet.

Play and Explore

This is probably the easiest way to learn programming. Not only will you create a program, but you will have fun.

Find or become a mentor

A mentor can help you master the information faster and answer all your questions. You can find a mentor on a special website https://hackpledge.org/. In addition, you yourself can act as a mentor.

Study another user's code

Try to rewrite the finished code, studying each symbol. This way you will check it for errors. Always keep learning by learning something new.

If, after completing training in programming from scratch, you still have questions, write to the popular forum – CyberForum.ru. The forum has many sections on all programming languages. Ask any questions you may have and receive competent, useful answers.

The profession of a programmer, although difficult, is highly paid. The main thing is to be able to force yourself to read, try and understand. I hope the article helped you figure out how to learn to program from scratch at home. Watch your computer and protect your eyesight. Achieve your goals, no matter what.

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Learning programming is not something you can do casually. But you don't have to spend your entire life understanding the basics. There are many ways to make learning easier for yourself.

It often happens that beginners start learning already knowing something about programming. At first everything goes well, but as we study further, problems begin. Why? Beginners quickly skim through the introductory part, thinking that they already know everything, but in reality this is rarely the case. They know some of the material, but not enough to understand the basics well.

At the same time, we cannot stop developing. You can go slow or fast, but don't skip any topic. By mastering more materials, you create a foundation for the future.

1. Study code examples

When we talk about reading, we usually mean reading words on a page, but programming is about reading code. When you first learn to program, you should study and try to understand every example. You can even read and try to understand the code examples first, and only then read the text. This doesn’t always work, but it teaches you to look at the code carefully and delve into every detail.

2. Don't just read code examples - run them!

When you're reading a tutorial or tutorial, it's easy to look at an example and say, “I got it, I get it. Yes, that makes sense." Of course, you might have understood it, but you don't know for sure whether you really understood it correctly. There is only one way to find out - do something with the code.

If you haven't already done so, install a development environment (IDE) that supports your programming language.

Then bring the example into the IDE - if you type it instead of just copying it, you'll actually walk through it from start to finish. Typing code forces you to pay attention to details of the language's syntax, such as the semicolons that should end each line.

Now compile and run the code. Make sure it does exactly what it's supposed to do.

Finally, change it. The program is the most easily changed mechanism on Earth. You can experiment and see what happens. Changes will occur instantly, without the risk of death or injury. The easiest way to learn a programming language is to take working code and change it.

3. Start writing your code as early as possible

As soon as you understand something about the language - even if it already makes your head spin - start writing programs in it. Sometimes it is difficult to find ideas for programs. This is normal, at the very beginning you don’t have to come up with your idea.

You can also reproduce exercises from a manual or book you are reading without looking at the examples. It's not as easy as it seems. This technique also works well if you slightly change the code from the examples.

If you don't want to think about small programs and want to write something bigger right away, like games, you need to start with small pieces that you can then use to create a game. Whether you use them or not, you will gain valuable experience.

4. Learn to use a debugger

The debugger will allow you to move through your code line by line. You will be able to observe the values of the variables and see if the condition is met.

The debugger allows you to quickly answer questions about what your code is doing.

At first, fixing errors with the debugger will take a lot of time. But as the number of errors in your code increases, the debugger will begin to save a lot of your time. And the number of errors, believe me, will be measured in dozens.

Beginners are often reluctant to use a debugger. In fact, they make life difficult for themselves by spending years correcting very simple mistakes. The sooner you learn the debugger, the sooner you will be rewarded.

5. Find more sources

If you don't understand something, look for alternative explanations first - the Internet is full of information about programming. We all perceive new information differently: maybe you need pictures to understand, while someone else needs detailed instructions or many books with detailed explanations.

But if that doesn't work, then the best way to sort out the problem is to ask someone else. However, if you say “I don’t understand, please explain,” you will most likely receive in response a link to the same text that you did not understand. Instead, use your own words to describe how you understood the text. The more a question reveals your thoughts, the easier it will be for a knowledgeable expert to answer it. Programmers sometimes seem irritable when answering questions. But the reason is more likely that they want to move forward in the dialogue, and this requires effort from both sides. If you ask a smart, detailed question that demonstrates what you think, you will get good results.

/ C++ programming / C++ lessons

C++ is a compiled, high-level programming language. Can be used in most applications. Intended for the development of various applications. Today it is one of the most popular and famous languages.

Video lesson:

C++ is based on the C language, which was actively developed back in 1969-1973. The company was responsible for the development Bell Labs led by chief developer Dennis Ritchie. Ten years later, Danish programmer Bjarne Stroustrup, who was once a C developer, releases an expanded version of the language called C++. At the beginning of its journey, C++ was just an extension, a kind of addition to C, which expanded the capabilities of OOP. Stroustrup himself initially viewed language simply as “ C with classes ».

C++ was born in 1983. Although it was not a full-fledged language, but only a branch of C, it still had a number of useful functions. Thanks to them, programmers were able to develop applications faster and easier. With the release of C++, a number of now common concepts appeared in the world:

Initiating classes with objects in OOP;
The principle of inheritance;
Unloading or deleting functions from memory;
Virtual work functions;
Exception system and much more.

It will be interesting: C remains popular to this day even despite the development of C++ and the dominant position of the latter language in the field of functionality. Why is an older and less developed language popular even today? It's simple - porting programs to a new language is a rather expensive and time-consuming undertaking. Some companies simply go with the flow and continue to support their C programs.

On the Internet, many experts give advice that it is better to start learning C-like languages with C. They say that this is the only way to better understand the essence of C++. In reality, this is a wrong opinion. If you start learning with C++, the developer will gain knowledge about newer and more modern features of the language. If the need ever arises to switch to C, it will not require much time and effort. Even the very fact of the need to switch to a rather old C already raises serious doubts.

But if you still want to learn C before C++, we suggest you watch a large video lesson in which you can get acquainted with this language:

Soon after the release of C++, the language began to conquer various areas of programming. Gradually, more and more new functions were introduced into it, which increasingly distanced it from the role of an addition to C. Years later, it was no longer considered a continuation or extension and the time came to completely separate from C, and that’s when the language was called C++. Since then, the paths of the languages diverged, they became independent ( as much as possible).

Today C++ is a functional and powerful language that inherited from C a lot of key memory management capabilities. For this reason, it is actively used in system programming.

Several areas of use:

Operating systems development. Even Windows itself is predominantly C++ based;
Driver creation;
Writing programs from scratch;
Development and support of antivirus applications and other things.

C++ has gone far beyond just systems programming. He can participate in the creation of applications of all levels, which focus on speed and work under high loads. It is used to create graphic editors and application applications.

Quite a lot of game engines designed to visualize a huge game world are based on C++. In recent years, more and more mobile applications use this language. Even in the web there is a place for this language. All kinds of web applications actively use C++, not necessarily as a basis, maybe just to implement auxiliary functions, but the fact remains a fact. To summarize: it is harder to find areas in which C++ cannot be used than where this language is used.

C++ is a compiled language, meaning the compiler modifies C++ code, converting it into machine language using predefined instructions. All platforms differ in some features, which is why it is impossible to take and transfer a program from one to another platform. More precisely, you can transfer it, but it won’t run there. In this case, the source code of the application is predominantly transferred. The only exception is the use of specific features of a particular OS.

C++ has compilers and tools for working with code on most well-known platforms. This allows you to compile sources for any platform.

C++ supports writing programs in OOP style, which C does not. In this case, the application becomes just a set of classes, objects that are able to interact with other code elements. This helps in developing large applications.

How did C++ develop step by step?

C++ development steps:

1979-1980 - C++ appeared and was positioned as a C language with additional classes;
1983 - the language began to be called, as we are all accustomed to, C++;
1985 - release of a commercial version of C++. The first paper book appeared in the same year. C++ programming language ", it included a description of the functions, capabilities and rules for using the language;
1989 - the second version of the language with expanded capabilities was released;
From 1990 to 2011 - slow development and addition of functionality. It is also worth mentioning that in 1998 they first tried to standardize the language. That standard was later called ISO/IEC 14882:1998, today - C++98. In 2003, the next version of the C++03 standard appeared;
2011 - the publication of the C++11 standard, there were really many innovations in it. The update enriched the language with an abundance of useful features;
2014 - release of a relatively small addition to the previous version of the standard. It was nicknamed C++14;
2017 - the last major release of the language.

Programming environments, compilers

To write a program in C++, a compiler is required, which transforms the original code into one suitable for execution in a file. Today there are an innumerable number of compilers. They differ in a lot of parameters, including the way the standards are implemented. At the compiler selection stage, it is better to choose those that are constantly supported and updated.

To work with C++, you need to install a development environment. You can install any environment convenient for you or even use an online compiler. Some of the most popular development environments include:

Okay, let's get started - you want to learn how to program in C/C++, and you want to know exactly what you have to do. Don't put off until tomorrow what you can do right now. If you are hesitant and don't know what to do next, then this is the place for you.

Installing a C/C++ compiler so that you can run your program.
Start reading C++ articles on our website.
Solving problems in programming.

You can also start learning C/C++ from a book. Recommended books for beginners, you can. If you are having problems, take a look at the following articles:

5 most common problems of novice programmers, and ways to solve them

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What is C (C)? What is C++ (C++)? What is the difference?

C is a programming language originally developed for the developing Unix operating systems. It is a powerful low-level language, but it lacks many modern and useful constructs. C++ is a new language based on C, which in turn complements most modern programming languages.

In principle, C++ supports all aspects of the C language, providing new features for programmers that make programming easier, allowing them to write useful and complex programs.

For example, C++ allows for easier memory management and adds several features thanks to object-oriented programming. OOP basically makes the work of programmers easier, since there is no need to think about the smallest details, the programmer is focused on solving the main problem.

So what is C++ used for?

C++ is a powerful general-purpose programming language. It can be used to create small programs or large applications. C++ is used to write CGI scripts, and DOS programs can also be easily created in C++. C++ allows you to create almost any program you might need. Read more about the C++ programming language.

How to learn to program in C++?

You don't need any special knowledge to learn C++. If you want to learn how to program on your own, electronic textbooks or books will help you with this. There are many free online learning resources, including a website, some of which do not require previous programming experience. You can also choose books on programming on our website.

When reading a textbook or book, it is often useful to type the program code into the compiler manually, without copying. Typing code manually will help you remember the syntax of the language, familiarize you with the general structure of the program and the use of common commands. After running the sample program and making sure you understand how the code works, you should experiment with it: play with the program and test your own ideas. By seeing what changes each piece of code causes, you'll learn about programming step by step.

In order to run program code in C or C++, you need a compiler. The compiler converts the source code into an executable file. You can learn more about the compilation process.

Can you help me choose a compiler?

Definitely for beginners, Code::Blocks is our recommended, free and easy-to-use compiler for Windows. For Linux - g++, gcc or Qt. All of these links will help you get started with programming.

The difficulty with working with a programmer is that you can't figure out what he's doing until it's too late.

Who is this programming course for?

This section is for a fairly wide range of readers. For those who want to, but don’t yet know where to start. For beginner programmers, as well as for those who probably do not want to become a professional software developer, but are interested in programming in order to broaden their horizons. For those for whom it is not enough just to read about something, but also have a desire to “get acquainted with everything new in person” and “turn each new item in their hands.” In short, here you are you can learn the basics of programming or, as they also say, master programming from scratch. Well, for more or less experienced programmers, I can suggest getting acquainted with the manual materials, where basic programming knowledge is needed immediately.

A few words about the programming process

You should not treat programming, at least not, as something complex and subject to people with a “special” mindset. People come across the basics of programming every day, and I don’t even want to give examples, because it’s all banal. Programming on a computer using is just formalized communication with computer technology in order to explain to it what you want from it and to achieve an adequate result from it. Explain clearly, using logic and common sense.

Does it make sense to start learning the basics of programming or has “the train already left”?

Today, the general trend in programming development is directed towards and other approaches to organizing distributed software architectures, but the concept itself is invariant with respect to new technologies for developing software products. The entire complex architecture will be written for you by companies that are leaders in the computer technology market. They will then sell the fruits of their labors to you, but you will still have to fill the decision templates they provide with meaning. This is similar to the processes of constructing standard buildings and performing individual renovations in each of them. With this approach, there is practically no difference between the implementations of the same task, which, in one case, should become part of a “desktop application”, in another - be part of a published one, or even work as a separate service within the virtual server infrastructure. After all, Is it difficult to find the difference in the processes of repairing premises of panel, brick or monolithic buildings? There is always enough work for an application programmer.

Creating your own is a very popular and useful thing, and a commercial enterprise without one is a rarity today. No one needs to be told that every day they are making more and more non-trivial requirements for. We are talking not only about the content of the resource (content), but also about design, ease of use and other quality characteristics. The better search engines treat your site, the more visitors will come to you from search results pages. Developers of class software solutions (website templates) offer an increasingly wide range of tools and themes to add uniqueness to the solutions created on their basis, but sometimes it is much easier to understand the logic of the site on your own. Fortunately, most often such templates are distributed in the form source code, and any competent programmer can customize its operation to suit your needs by changing several dozen lines in the same . Turning to third-party organizations for individual development of a separate software product (a website is the same software product) or its configuration to suit your requirements may not be profitable. And it’s not only unprofitable in terms of money, but also in terms of time, nerves and many other parameters...

Brief description of the proposed course on learning the basics of programming

This programming course contains examples of solving small problems. From those that are found in computer science courses and the basics of programming in high school and in the initial courses of universities to those that novice programmers may encounter at work. Those interested will be able gain programming experience not in one programming language, but in two at once - in and . Both of these languages are high-level and based on the same software platform. It is proposed to use a freely distributed software product that has minimally sufficient functionality to achieve the goals set by this programming course. Of course, you can use a professional development environment. Starting to program in or knowing the basic syntax is much easier than starting to program in them from scratch, since their syntax is very similar. Starting to learn programming in / languages, I think, is generally unpromising, since (again, my personal opinion), evolution is not on their side. But, in general, there is no big difference which programming language a beginner should choose, since the principles, approaches and techniques of this craft are the same everywhere.

If I have convinced you that introduction to the basics of programming and algorithmization may be useful for you, then read... If not, then I suggest you also get acquainted with these