What is diode lighting: characteristics of LEDs and their areas of application. LED - a new generation light source

I would like to ask one question. Do you often change the paws in your apartment? It doesn't take much time, and the light bulbs themselves aren't expensive. But don't you think times have changed a little? Development of technologies in the electrical field, and more precisely instruments and lighting sources, currently allows us to approach these issues from a different angle.

Comparison of different LED lamps

Available on the market great amount light bulbs, which differ in design, materials from which they are made and color palette. But the basic elements that make up lamps are the same for all types.

LED lamps consist of:

• Housings;
• Scattering flask;
• LEDs;
• Driver.

An important role in normal operation LED light bulb plays its case, which includes a radiator, a base and a dissipating element. The radiator of these lamps is made of aluminum or its alloys and has complex shape, which ensures high-quality heat removal, which in turn determines the longevity of the LEDs themselves.

If the radiator is small or made of low-quality materials, the service life of this lamp is reduced several times due to long-term overheating of the LEDs. The bulk of the LED lamp is the weight of the radiator.

Poor-quality connection of the plate with LEDs to the radiator is not capable of dissipating heat efficiently.

For uninterrupted and long-lasting operation of LEDs, it is necessary to limit the current. This function executed by the driver. There are two types of limiters on the market: using a capacitor and a driver.

There are a huge number of LEDs various manufacturers. The main parameter of LEDs is the number of Lumens/Watts (brightness or light output). The more expensive the LED, the better quality it is. Such LEDs glow brighter, heat up less, this determines how long the lamp will last.

When comparing different prices LED lamps, it was noted that more expensive models They heat up less, there is no visible flicker, and these paws have a higher light output.

LED light bulb power

Research has proven that LED-based lamps are the most economical and technologically advanced. But on modern market Other types of lamps are also presented, which are widely used for private and industrial use.

Types of light sources (lamps):

• Incandescent;
• Luminescent;
• Halogen.

All these light sources differ from each other in many respects, but for each of them the manufacturers declare certain power and luminous flux strength.

The power of all electricity consumers is measured in Watts, which means that the power of any lamp, as well as the power of various electrical appliances, can be measured using a Wattmeter.

The power of LED lamps is their the most important characteristic, because this parameter directly affects the amount and intensity of light from the lamp. But it is worth understanding that the power of the lamp is not a direct factor indicating the luminous efficiency. This suggests that with the development LED technologies, manufacturers are trying to increase the light output per watt of electricity consumed.

For example, an LED lamp of the same type, but different generations with the same light output, it can reduce energy consumption by 10%. And this, in turn, is beneficial from an economic point of view for those who purchase this type product.

It is important to know! The power and luminous efficiency indicated on the packaging may not correspond to the parameters of the light bulb due to the dishonesty of the manufacturers.

Also, it is worth noting that the same lamp power different manufacturers does not affect light output in any way. This parameter is directly indicated by the luminous flux numbers, which for one reason or another are different for each manufacturer. For example, a 10-watt LED lamp from one manufacturer will produce a luminous flux of 700–800 Lumens, and a lamp from another manufacturer will produce 600–650 Lumens.

The power consumption of LED lamps varies from 2 to 30 Watts.

Efficiency of LED and incandescent lamps: compliance

LED lamps are an excellent alternative conventional incandescent lamps, and also have qualities that contribute to their most comfortable use.

Advantages of LED lamps:

• Low power consumption;
• Effective light output;
• High luminous flux;
• Low operating temperature.

Replacing conventional incandescent lamps with light sources based on LEDs should be done correctly. Since, in order to obtain the desired luminous flux, it is necessary to compare the brightness values various types lamps and convert the brightness and power values.

Table of values ​​for LED and incandescent lamps:

Using this table, you can easily make the translation and cope with the selection of LED lamps to replace outdated models of incandescent lamps in terms of power and amount of luminous flux.

According to the characteristics, it is clear that a 10-watt LED lamp has the same luminous flux as a 60-watt incandescent lamp.

It is important to know! The service life of LED lamps is tens of times longer than that of incandescent lamps.

To ensure that there are no questions when choosing the right LED sources light, you need to know that the base used is marked E27. LED lamps using this base come in candle, pear and other various shapes.

By applying this knowledge, you will not have to buy suitable lamps along with them. lighting which will undoubtedly simplify the work of replacing lamps with more economical ones.

The difference between LED lamps and energy-saving lamps

LED and energy-saving lamps differ significantly from each other not only in form and content, but also in the principle of operation (signs by which the glow occurs).

These types of lamps are compared by:

• Brightness;
• Heat transfer during operation;
• Durability.

An LED lamp is essentially a solid-state light source, the operation of which is based on the emission of light as it passes through electric current, through semiconductors, which in turn are designed for this.

The operation of energy-saving lamps is based on the operating principle of fluorescent lamps, which allows them to produce the required luminous flux at low energy costs. And if we compare lamps that fit this definition, then we can say with confidence that only fluorescent ones are energy-saving.

In order to determine which lamp shines better and how much electricity it consumes, let’s take LED and energy-saving lamps for comparison. The luminous flux of a 12 Watt LED lamp is 900 Lumens, and Powersave lamp produces the same power 600 Lumens. This suggests that both types of lamps are beneficial from an economic point of view.

The low operating temperature of LED lamps allows them to be built in in accordance with any design solutions.

If we compare these types of lamps in terms of the amount of heat generated, then in this case the results differ greatly. A 12-watt LED lamp heats up to no more than 31 0 C during operation, but the heating of an energy-saving lamp corresponds to 80 0 C.

And speaking of operating time, for energy-saving ones it is 8,000 hours, and for LED ones up to 50,000 hours.

Modern LED lamps: power in the table (video)

LED technologies are gradually replacing outdated ones. This is due to the fact that despite the higher cost at purchase, this type of lighting allows you to save in the future.

The dream of a durable, practical and economical light source that shines without heating has become a reality thanks to rapid development semiconductor technologies. And, despite the fact that today the cost of an LED is relatively high, it may soon displace other, traditional light sources. At least for the next 15-20 years, he is already guaranteed a carefree future.

About LEDs as light sources capable of not only flickering Christmas tree garlands, but also to serve for full illumination of facades, interiors, local areas, parks and swimming pools, they started talking about five or six years ago. And the practice of their use in this area began just a couple of years ago. And although such a period for a global analysis of prospects is still relatively short, this light source may still very well displace others. If only because today traditional lighting sources have already reached their maximum luminous efficiency, and LEDs have only approached 10% of their capabilities. As an example, I would like to cite the fact that modern LEDs already shine a hundred times brighter than the most bright LEDs just five years ago.

TO THE DEFINITION

The LED, or light-emitting diode, was invented in the early 1960s by Englishman Nick Holonyak. Therefore, this light source is also called LED ( Light Emitting Diode).
An LED is an organic solid-state light source or semiconductor crystal that is made of layers of polymer semiconductor. LEDs do not contain glass, filaments, or replaceable parts. They are miniature, compact, powerful. In addition, they emit light with unique characteristics.

ABOUT ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

LEDs have many advantages over classic light sources. Among them:

• Economical energy consumption. LED power consumption is maximum 5 W. Lamps with this light source consume 5-10 times less energy than lamps based on halogen and incandescent lamps of similar brightness. LED conversion efficiency electrical energy in light is an order of magnitude higher than the efficiency of a conventional incandescent lamp. For example, a typical 100 W incandescent lamp has a light output equivalent to only 3-5 W. And an LED light source, producing the same power of light radiation, consumes not 100, but only 1.5 W. The high efficiency of LED electricity consumption is especially relevant in modern stage, since humanity’s growing needs for lighting require increased electricity production. This requires additional capital investments for the construction of power plants, the development of energy deposits and the subsequent disposal of production waste. In addition, an energy saving program is being implemented at the state level. And LEDs are an alternative, highly efficient light source that can meet lighting demand without increasing production and energy costs.

• Possibility of operation from low-voltage power supply. LED lamps can be installed in places where there is no mains power(2.8 V to 28 V DC).

• High efficiency. For an LED lamp, the efficiency is 75-90% (light). And only 10-25% is spent on heat generation. For comparison: Lamp efficiency incandescent 5-10% is light. The remaining 90-95% goes to pointless heating of the environment.

• Practicality in operation. Due to the durability of LEDs, there is no need for frequent replacement and maintenance of the installation.

• Sufficient radiation power. LED brightness exceeding neon leads to large increase the distance of information perception by the human eye (this is due to the almost monochromatic radiation of the LED). For example, an LED with a power of only 1 W can illuminate a column 6 meters high.

• Lack of sensitivity to changes in electrical networks. The response time to changes in supply voltage for an LED is measured in tens of microseconds, which is significantly less than similar indicators for incandescent lamps. LEDs have low inertia and can operate in pulsed mode without damage.

• Wide range of colors. Due to the fact that radiation occurs in a narrow spectrum band, the efficiency of colored LEDs is much higher than the efficiency of an incandescent lamp with a filter of a similar shade. Primary LED colors: red, blue, green, amber, turquoise, orange, white.

• Dynamic color change. LED light sources are easily controlled by any electronics. They can be given almost any color and temporary programs work. And the LED radiation can be adjusted, creating beautiful dynamic and lighting effects. In addition to the static operating mode, colors can be mixed, obtaining up to 16 million shades, controlled, and also created various dynamic effects.

• Fire safety and user safety. LEDs practically do not heat up, so they do not create a fire hazard. In addition, their glow is free of infrared and ultraviolet radiation, which makes them the safest light source for the eyes.

• Environmental friendliness. LEDs do not contain mercury. And they do not require expensive disposal after the end of their service life.

• Wide range of applications. LEDs are relatively small, which allows them to be used almost anywhere, for example, placed inside almost any device, or to make an LED lamp of any shape, color and design.

LEDs have virtually no disadvantages. The only difference is that the price is high compared to traditional light sources. But the initial costs are recouped due to low energy consumption and low financial expenditure during the operation period. For example, operating LED lamps is 2.5-3 times cheaper than incandescent lamps.

ABOUT CAPABILITIES AND APPLICATIONS

The possibilities of LEDs are extremely wide. With their help you can:

• receive 100% light immediately when turned on;
• ensure uniform illumination of the surface;
• create bright, rich colors;
• create and adjust the brightness and color of light;
• create lamp designs without the need to replace lamps, as well as vandal-proof lamps;
• “hide” the light source, showing only the light, etc.

The range of applications for LEDs is quite wide. Their use, for example, is optimal when the power allocated for lighting is too low for other light sources. They can also become indispensable in places where frequent and problematic (due to inaccessibility) replacement of traditional lamps is undesirable. But they can be of particular interest to designers and architects, since they allow them to realize their most daring decisions.

LEDs are used for interior and exterior decoration, signboards, shop windows and indicators, architectural and decorative lighting, as well as cheerful decorative lighting for any holiday.
LEDs can be mounted in walls, steps, podiums; use as lighting for parking lots, walkways, landscapes, fountains and swimming pools.

Since LEDs are easily controlled electronically, precise direction of light, control and regulation of color and intensity of radiation, color mixing are possible (which, in particular, can be interesting for creating stage lighting, light paintings, graphics, panels).
LEDs, due to their monochrome nature, are unique generators colored light. Moreover, the vibrant richness of colors is achieved much more effectively than if a light filter was used for standard light sources. Thus, with the help of LEDs, objects, space and surroundings can be freely “painted” with deep, vibrant and bright colors. Or change it by simply pressing a button on the control panel, creating a certain atmosphere in the room.

Based on LEDs, it is possible to produce lamps of any color, design, shape and configuration for domestic and industrial needs, as well as underwater use. This variety provides wide freedom of choice for any application: horizontal and vertical, hanging, recessed, etc.

Thus, with the help of LED technologies, you can create a unique architectural image or a unique and unforgettable atmosphere in places of recreation and entertainment; emphasize the individuality and unique appearance of the home and make working conditions in the office comfortable.

The traditional approach to LED lamps often leads to a misunderstanding of fundamental circumstances. It's about about the efficiency of lamps and the influence of the design of LED and conventional lamps on the efficiency.

The efficiency of a luminaire is the ratio of the luminous flux coming out of the luminaire to the total luminous flux created by the light source. For example, a lamp in the form of a light bulb without lighting fixtures, primarily without a reflector, has an efficiency of 100%. This does not mean at all that this is an ideal to which we must strive; for lamps - less efficiency, this does not mean worse. Any attempts to concentrate (direct) light leads to a decrease in efficiency. But the method of concentration and the quality of the reflector may be different, and the lamps will have different efficiency. You can compare luminaires by efficiency only those that have a similar light distribution(KSS), in this case the efficiency will be determined by the quality optical system lamp (reflector, glass). It makes no sense to compare luminaires with different KSS in terms of efficiency!

The fundamental difference between LEDs and lamps is that they shine only in one half-plane. That is, an LED lamp without lighting fixtures (100% efficiency) will be directed! The emission angle of LEDs without secondary optics is 90-120 degrees. For example, if we compare two “lamps” in the form of a light bulb and an LED (100% efficiency) with the same luminous flux, then on the axis of the lamp at the same distance the illumination will be approximately 2 times less than on the axis of the LED. If you try to collect the luminous flux of the lamp using a reflector (to achieve the same angle of radiation), then in any case you will not be able to obtain the same illumination that the LED provides due to reflection losses. In this regard, replacing a light bulb light source with an LED source in directional luminaires will make sense, even if these sources have the same luminous efficiency (lm/W).

If a luminaire with a lamp has flat glass, that is, the entire light source is “immersed” inside the lamp, The efficiency of the lamp will decrease significantly due to the fact that the main part of the light coming out of the lamp will be reflected, that is, with reflection losses. For an LED lamp of this design, there is practically no decrease in efficiency(only losses in glass are about 5%), although intuitively it seems that, by analogy with lamp efficiency lamps should decrease.

A tube lamp with flat glass will have an efficiency of about 50-60%.

An LED lamp with flat glass will have an efficiency of about 95%.

This is the main thing fundamental difference LED lamps from lamp lamps. Directed LED lights Directional lamp luminaires are much more efficient. This is related to to a large extent With design features LEDs, and not just their high luminous efficiency.

Understanding this circumstance should lead to a revision of approaches to the calculation of lighting installations using LED lamps.

With the advent of energy-saving light sources on the market, people began to wonder which ones are better and whether it is worth replacing old Ilyich light bulbs. Next, we will try to compare incandescent and LED lamps in the most detail, providing tables, a little theory and video reviews! To do this, various criteria will be considered in order, ranging from performance characteristics to savings indicators.

A little history

So that you understand the difference in the appearance of both options, and, accordingly, the difference in what scientific and technological progress was, let us imagine the following facts comparison of incandescent and LED lamps by date of invention:

• The first light source (with a tungsten filament) was patented in the 1890s by Russian engineer Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin. At the same time, the first attempt can be considered the invention on July 11, 1874 - a filament lamp.
• As for the LED, the first one whose glow was visible was invented in 1962. The man who invented LED lighting– Nick Holonyak, American scientist.

As you can see, even if you compare the date of invention of alternative options, you can see a huge difference of almost a century. Nevertheless, oldest light bulb is still “fighting for a place in the Sun,” which is a huge plus.

Power and light output

The first step is to carry out calculations. One of the most important indicators The calculation is the luminous efficiency of the devices. For an older light bulb, the light output fluctuates between 8-10 Lm/W. As for LEDs, their light output efficiency is usually in the range of 90-110 Lm/W, although there are also models with an indicator of 120-140 Lm/W. From the above values ​​it is clear that in terms of lumens, LEDs are better than Alternative option 7-12 times.

To help you understand how this will affect the comparison of incandescent lamps and LED light sources in terms of power, we will provide the corresponding table:

It can be seen that the power of the diodes is 5 times less, and at the same time the glow efficiency and brightness will be approximately the same.

To independently calculate the light output of a light bulb, you need its luminous flux (indicated on the packaging in “Lm” divided by the power “W”), as a result you will get the desired value. For example, if the luminous flux of an LED is 1000 lumens and the power is 13 W, the output will be 76.9 Lm/W.

Video review of significant differences in luminous flux

Difference in illumination indicators

Heat dissipation

The second, no less important point of comparison between LED lamps and incandescent lamps is the heat transfer from the product. The glass bulb of an incandescent lamp can heat up to 250 degrees (although the temperature is usually around 170). That is why such products are fire hazardous, and it is not recommended to use them when installing electrical wiring in a wooden house. In addition, Ilyich bulbs are difficult to unscrew from the socket if they have been working for a long time before (you can get burned). LEDs in this regard have proven themselves better than all existing options. Their maximum heating temperature does not exceed 50 degrees, which allows them to be used in any room.

Life time

But this indicator is one of the main advantages of diodes compared to incandescent lamps. These lighting sources can work for over 50,000 hours, according to manufacturers. Older light bulbs usually have a service life of less than 1000 hours, which is 50 times less. For reasons of economy, it is better to buy an expensive but long-lasting light bulb once than to change a budget product every few months.

There is also a nuance here that you should be aware of. The high longevity ratings of LEDs are not an exact value. The fact is that diodes fade (degrade) over time, so after 40,000 hours you will no longer be able to enjoy the glow that you had immediately after purchase. You can learn more about it from our article.

Efficiency

Efficiency should also be taken into account when choosing products. Efficiency shows how much electricity is converted into light and how much into thermal energy (which is actually what causes the bulb to heat up). The efficiency is about 90%, which is a very high figure compared to the alternative option, in which only 7-9% of the electricity is converted into light.

Environmental friendliness

Unfortunately, many do not pay due attention to preserving the environment. People throw fluorescent lamps into trash cans, despite the fact that when the bulb is destroyed, mercury evaporates, which harms both the environment and the health of people around.

In this regard, a comparison of incandescent and LED lamps does not put any option in the lead. Both the diodes and the glass bulb can be simply thrown into the trash, without special disposal.

There is an opinion that the Ilyich bulb creates infrared and ultraviolet radiation, negatively affecting human health. In this regard, LED bulbs are completely safe.

Price

And, of course, the most interesting question that users often ask is how profitable it is to buy LEDs, because they are an order of magnitude more expensive. Today, on Internet forums you can read many reviews that refute or justify the savings of LED lamps. The lowest price for a high-quality diode light bulb is 300 rubles, while the alternative costs 20-25 rubles. Here you should independently analyze what is more important to you - a long service life and high efficiency indicators, or low cost and unnecessary overpayment. Based on this, comparisons can be made in terms of cost savings. The power of diodes is 7-8 times less, the price is 10 times more. Take into account the service life and even without special calculations you can understand that it is more profitable to buy LED lamps. You can clearly see a comparison of the efficiency of LED lamps and incandescent lamps in the table below:

Other indicators

I would also like, based on the tables, to compare incandescent and LED lamps according to such characteristics as:

• current strength;
• fragility;

The photo shows a 20 Watt LED lamp. It replaced two 75 watt incandescent bulbs and is a little brighter than them.

But before we talk about LED lamps, let's dispel a few myths that have already quite firmly won their place in the minds of users. At the same time, we will consider the questions of what LED lamps are, how to choose (we recommend considering the Mantra LED chandeliers catalog), why they are better, why they are worse, and why they have such powerful advertising support today.

What temperature is the light in your house: warm or cold?

In fact, the question is not idle, since it is the spectrum that makes the light its own, pleasant to the eye (warm), or, on the contrary, bright (cutting), that is, cold. Different ones use different principles for converting electricity into light, so their spectrum is different. This is where the first myth arose - the light of LED lamps is the most natural. In fact, this is not entirely true; LED lamps for the home can have any spectral glow, and in this case the advantage of these lamps becomes a disadvantage. Not every consumer will look into the technical specifications to figure out what's what.

The second myth was born from the labeling, and is that the power of LED lamps is lower than all others.

The third myth is the most complex; they worked on it for a long time, driving into our heads the idea that LED lighting in an apartment is the most energy-saving.

There is another rumor that it is better not to use LED lamps for the home, since they cannot withstand smooth adjustment or voltage surges, and also quickly fail if turned on frequently.

Let's start from the very beginning, because understanding what an LED is will help us make our decision, not based on rumors, myths and machinations of incandescent lamp sellers.

Where and what kind of light from LED lamps do we see?

The answer right away is the one you chose, both from the point of view of light temperature (spectral characteristics) and from the point of view of power consumption per specific illuminated area. Or, to put it simply, an incandescent lamp of one hundred watts will always shine at one hundred watts in the way it can, while an LED will not only shine where it is needed, but also with the light that is pleasant to you. And either the element (point) or the surface will glow, depending on which LED lamp was chosen for this area of ​​the room.

The most controversial issue is the issue of energy saving. This myth was born as an argument in a dispute between competing manufacturers, and to be honest, energy-saving lamps actually consume slightly less energy for lighting than LED lamps. Ask how to choose here? If you believe the manufacturers, then no way. This is parity. The balance of a fragile world at war. True, LEDs are rather the injured party here, since they appeared on the market after large corporations invested a lot of money in energy conservation, deciding that LEDs were too expensive a toy.

And then, one event happened that is directly related to the subtitle. It turned out that the spectral characteristics of LEDs are slightly better than even daylight. It turned out that the light of LED lamps does not have flicker, which even incandescent lamps have. In an incandescent lamp, this is the mains frequency (usually 50 Hertz), and in a fluorescent (energy-saving) lamp it is a multiple of the triple phase, that is, approximately 3 Hertz. Probably everyone has seen “blinking” fluorescent lamps? This is the same. The lamp glows only when there is current; as long as there is no current, it does not shine. It's just more noticeable in fluorescent lamps.

The LED lamp does not have this drawback; it is not sensitive to current, voltage drop, or frequency. There is tension - it shines, no - it does not shine.

If you work a lot at the desk, with documents or small work, buy an LED desk lamp and forget about eye fatigue. Problems with vision during such work are the same flicker that we do not notice.

What is the difference between the physics of light from LED lamps and all others?

Basically energy conversion. This is what solves several lighting problems:

1. Minimum electricity consumption for lighting.
2. The most correct spectrum of room lighting (zones in the room).
3. Spot lighting of a selected area (for example, a painting).
4. Durability and reduction of heating of the luminous element.
5. Ability to control the spectral characteristics of lighting.
6. Minimum cost of lighting devices.

All these problems were solved by LED lamps. All that remains is to decide how to choose the right ones and it’s in the bag. True, LED lamps do not solve the last point in any way, being still the most expensive. It's all about that very transformation. The LED directly, without intermediaries, converts electrical energy into light. This is a fairly new technology, so point 6 is still a limitation in choice for many.

Simple numbers in the useful conversion of electricity into light

• Incandescent lamp. Efficiency 12% loss 75% (coil heating);
• Modernized incandescent lamps. Efficiency 15% loss 68% (filament resistance);
• Induced glow lamps (fluorescent, mercury, etc.). Efficiency 22% losses 45% (reactive, starting currents);
• LED bulbs. Efficiency 58% losses 18% (switching);
• Closed cycle lamps. Efficiency 84% loss 6% (closed cycle until the end of the battery charge).

If you add up these numbers, you will not get 100%. This is an experimental factor. But the efficiency value is exactly how much electricity becomes light. Closed-cycle lamps are street-type lamps with solar panels and batteries. They do not require energy costs, and if desired, you can even read a newspaper by their light. Everything else can be seen from the numbers above.

A little more physics. Piezoelectrics (remember the “eternal lighters for gas stoves”?) When producing a “spark” when pressed, they do not waste “matter”. They can actually “eternally” produce a discharge spark when pressing a key. And no batteries are needed. An LED works in much the same way. Voltage is applied to the contacts, and the material emits a photon of light. The lamp begins to shine. We don’t know how long such lamps can shine, since they started working not so long ago, and no one yet knows what the energy saturation of excited materials is with “light.” One thing is obvious: LED lighting in an apartment will last for many years. Simply put, within a single apartment it is a kind of “Eternal Light Illuminator”. At least in theory. Let's now come down to earth and see what happens in practice.

Practical recommendations for choosing lighting with comments and tips

Before we get to the question of how to choose LED lamps, a little about the technical characteristics. Let's start with the main thing: with what shines.

The glow of an LED lamp is a continuous (without flickering) conversion of electrical energy into light. In other words, 1 kWh of energy will be converted into light with an efficiency of at least 60%. This, by the way, is the answer to the question, I want LED lamps, how to calculate the power, in comparison with incandescent lamps? It's simple. LED efficiency is no less than 60%, incandescent lamp efficiency is no more than 12%. Hence the ratio - a 30-watt LED lamp shines as brightly as a 150-watt incandescent lamp. And there’s no catch, because with this comparison, an LED lamp will still consume almost half as much electricity. More precisely, you will pay half as much for the same lighting.

When choosing an LED lamp, pay attention to the following factors:

• We select LED lamps first by power, taking into account the reduction factor - a 100-watt incandescent lamp is a 12-watt LED lamp. We assure you that their luminosity will be the same. True, the light of an LED lamp will be warmer and more pleasing to the eyes.
• The second point of choice is the spectrum. Few people think about what it means when they read the Kelvin number on the packaging. The fact is that other lamps simply cannot have exactly this characteristic - that same “temperature of light”. However, it is worth remembering that the higher the number, the brighter and warmer the light of LED lamps will be in your home.
• The possibility of smooth adjustment (dimmer control) is also indicated on the packaging as the note “smooth brightness control is allowed.” If you decide to spend money on saving, it is worth keeping in mind that LEDs can be “dimmed” if full light is not needed.
• Compliance. Agree, an expensive lamp that has nowhere to be inserted is the same case - money down the drain. Lamps with all types of bases and almost any form of luminous element are now produced:

Basic selection options

What do we have as the main parameters? This is not as simple a question as it seems.

1. Manufacturer? Warranties and service life? Applicability in networks with unstable voltage?
2. Possibility of switching on in difficult conditions (including for outdoor use) and under overloads?
3. Approximate amount of savings if you use only LED lamps for lighting?
4. Comparative cost of lighting devices if everything is replaced with LED lamps.

1st question. It is very difficult to understand who the manufacturer is, whether there is a warranty on the product, and how long it will last. Based on the characteristics, it is sometimes difficult to understand whether this lamp is for 220V or 127V? Often the spectrum of a lamp is indicated as a point on a scale that no one except a scientific optician can understand. Permissible voltage fluctuations are not written down at all, except perhaps in the lamp’s passport, as a strange-looking sinusoid.

2nd question. Any LED lamps can be turned on and off under any overload conditions. This is the first type of lamp that continues to shine after a short circuit in the network. Also, this is the first type of lamps whose luminous element cannot fail due to network overloads. Strictly speaking, an LED lamp can generally fail only through physical destruction. At least, there is no data yet on the cessation of glow for other reasons. And these lamps have been studied for 12 years. An interesting finding is that the power of LED lamps allows them to act as a kind of fuses against network loads. Have you heard the words “Diode bridge”? So here is an LED lamp, a kind of trigger that can relieve excess load in the form of a flash. You may not see it, but your power grid will be grateful for such a discharge.

3rd question. A 100-watt incandescent lamp used continuously for a year uses 100% of the electricity generated. The meter will count this electricity and convert it into a payment receipt from the energy company. If we replace an incandescent lamp with an LED lamp that has worked for the same long time, then we will also receive a bill for payment from the energy sector. True, this account will differ from the first. If we paid 100 rubles for an incandescent lamp, then for an LED lamp we will pay 18.5 rubles. Of course, you may not believe this, so take a calculator and do the math. Better yet, install LED lighting in your apartment, and after a month compare bills from energy companies.

4th question. The difference in price will be approximately 8 times for incandescent lamps. That is, for the same lighting with LED lamps, you will pay about 7-8 times more than for incandescent lamps.

Real savings

It has now become obvious that, given the sharp rise in energy costs, the payback period for all energy-saving devices has been significantly reduced in time. In addition, it is worth remembering that all these devices, as a rule, are high-tech products that can work for many years in a row. Therefore, when choosing lamps, do not think about whether it will be LED or not. Look at the manufacturer, the quality of the font on the packaging, the company name, and electrical compatibility. Then remember that a 100-watt incandescent light bulb (at a price of 10 rubles) will cost you 4 times kWh (there are 24 hours in a day), that is, 4 (24 0.1) at least 10 rubles a day if you forget to turn it off. And an LED lamp for a home of comparable power, costing 200 rubles, with the same forgetfulness will cost only 1 ruble 15 kopecks.

We will not impose our opinion, but in our team there are few who have not replaced conventional lamps with LED ones. Not for energy-saving lamps, but for lamps that save money!