Boot bcd recovery windows 7. Backup and restore boot bcd storage in windows. How to open your BCD file

Misunderstanding of the nature of certain computer problems often leads to diagnostic errors, without which qualified repairs are impossible. And you should approach the search for a problem with its accurate description. A malfunction that is described with the words: “when you press the power button, the computer does not turn on, but the fans work” is called a lack of initialization or an initialization error. It should not be confused with “non-powering” - complete inaction when pressing power, since the causes of these two problems are usually different.

Initialization, in this case, is the readiness of the equipment for operation. And if any of the devices critical for starting the PC refuses to start, we will observe a characteristic picture:

after turning on the system unit, a loud noise from the fans is heard (they rotate at a constant high speed);
The keyboard and power indicators come on and do not go out;
the screen remains black.

Nothing else happens.

Causes

According to statistics, the most common source of such a problem is the following:

damage to the BIOS - a program stored in the CMOS flash memory chip on the motherboard, responsible for the initial boot of the PC, as well as for checking and consistency of operation of all its devices at the startup stage;
a failed processor or a malfunction of its power supply system;
inoperability of RAM (random access memory) or incompatibility of installed RAM strips with each other;
malfunction of system logic chips (chipset) on the motherboard, especially often the north bridge.

Other reasons that can also cause such a “clinic” include damage to the components of the motherboard, leading to destabilization of the device’s power supply, a defect in the solder contacts of the microcircuits, a power supply with voltage “drop” along individual lines, a dead CMOS battery, as well as other problems equipment installed on the PC. However, this is less common.

It is also important to understand that this problem is never the result of software glitches in the operating system. Because its download doesn't even start.

Diagnostics

What can a user do if he finds himself in such a situation? Even without special equipment, you can try to solve the problem at home. It is enough to know how to use a screwdriver.

Resetting BIOS settings to factory settings

This is the simplest and, sometimes, very effective way to troubleshoot computer boot problems. If your case is not the most difficult, perhaps it will help.

Turn off the computer's power and remove the system unit cover.
Find the coin cell battery on the motherboard and remove it from the socket.
connect the contacts of the battery socket to each other, for example, using a screwdriver;
reinstall the battery.

There is another option for resetting the BIOS - using a Clear CMOS jumper. It must be removed for 15 - 20 seconds. and move it to two adjacent contacts, and then return it to its place. Sometimes the jumper is called differently: CL_CMOS, CCMOS, CLRTC, CRTC, etc.

After completing these operations, connect the power to the computer and try to turn it on. If the problem is resolved, its cause lies in an incorrect BIOS Setup configuration.

Disable everything unnecessary

If the first method does not help, move on. Let's try to exclude the influence of equipment that is not necessary for a successful start of a PC. To do this, you need to prepare a table covered with insulating material (polyethylene, rubber, plastic, wood, etc.) on which you will assemble the stand.

Let's get started:

turn off the power to the PC and remove the case cover;
remove expansion cards from the slots of the motherboard, disconnect the power and interface cables from it, remove the memory sticks;
remove the motherboard from the case, place it on the table and inspect for artifacts - swollen capacitors, signs of overheating (darkening and deformation of plastic parts), mechanical damage and other defects;
if there are no artifacts, install one memory stick in the slot, connect a video card (if there is no built-in one), a monitor, a previously removed boot hard drive and a power supply;
turn on the power supply to the mains;
use a screwdriver to close the contacts of the power button - Power Switch (can be labeled as ON, PWR_ON, PC_ON) - this action is similar to turning on the computer by pressing this button.

If you see the operating system loading on the monitor, it means that the failure is caused by one of the disconnected devices.

Start the system. Carefully touch the processor heatsink and large board components - microcircuits, mosfets, etc. - normally they should be warm. Strong heating (don’t get burned!) indicates a malfunction of the elements (soldering defect, short circuit), and a complete absence of heating (room temperature) most likely indicates that the unit is not receiving supply voltage.
Turn off the power to the PC. Remove the memory stick, remove the oxide layer on its contacts by rubbing it with a school eraser, blow out the slot where it was located, and install it back. Turn on your computer. If the problem is solved, the reason was poor contact between the RAM and the board connector. If it doesn't work, install the bar in another slot - it might be the culprit.

We replace components with known good ones

None of the methods helped? The last thing left that can be done at home is to replace PC devices one by one with working ones, of course, compatible with your system. However, there is a risk of damaging them.

If this is not possible or desirable, or if the described problem occurs on the laptop, the only remaining option is to contact a service center.

For a long time I was planning to write a short article on the topic - the computer does not turn on, what to do and what to do? This is one of the most frequently asked questions on the topic of computer repair. I hear this question at least a couple of times a week, each time I had to find out the symptoms and only then give some advice. I will try to describe in as much detail as possible why the computer does not turn on and how to restore it on your own.

First, you need to figure out what’s wrong with your computer, whether the screen doesn’t turn on or the system unit itself doesn’t turn on. Since I often hear in response to my question “What do you mean the computer doesn’t turn on?”, something like “well, the screen doesn’t light up” or “the Internet doesn’t work” (although how this can be related to turning on the computer, I still understand I can’t 🙂).

If you yourself cannot determine the problem with turning on your computer. The problem will be diagnosed quickly, professionally and efficiently and the problem will be resolved.

But let's try it on our own first. First, let's look at common problems that may prevent your computer from turning on.

1. The computer power cord is faulty or the 220V socket is faulty

This is the most common malfunction due to which the computer does not start. Although the cable has very environmentally resistant characteristics, it often fails.

For example, the cable may be broken; due to poor contact, the plug may “burn”; It’s trivial that the cable may not be plugged into the socket well.

It is also necessary to check whether the 220V outlet is powered. Especially if the power plug of the system unit is powered from a multi-outlet extension cord. Individual sockets in an extension cord often burn out.

2. The monitor or monitor cable is faulty

The second most common reason for a non-working computer is the monitor does not turn on, or the monitor cable is faulty. It is very common to mistakenly believe that the computer is broken when the monitor does not light up. But a monitor is just a device for displaying information; accordingly, with a faulty monitor, the system unit itself can work normally.

Check the power cable (220V) of the monitor, as in the case of the system unit, and also check whether the cable from the monitor to the system unit is plugged in. If the monitor's power light comes on and goes off, there is a problem with the monitor's power supply.

3. The power supply of the system unit is faulty

The third reason why your computer may not turn on is a faulty power supply. This is one of the most capricious elements of the system unit.

Cheap power supplies, as well as power supplies that operate in an unstable electrical network, fail especially often.

In order to check the functionality of the power supply, open the cover of the system unit, disconnect all power supply cables from the motherboard and from the equipment (hard drive, DVD drive, etc.). On a wide connector with a lot of wires, short the green and black contacts (located next to each other), for example, with a paper clip. If the power supply cooler starts spinning when it shorts, then it is most likely working. If you have a multimeter, check the output voltages.

4. Motherboard is faulty

This is the most difficult part of the computer to diagnose and repair. If the monitor and power supply are ok, then the problem is most likely in the motherboard.

There are a lot of options why a computer won’t boot when the motherboard fails, but I won’t describe them in this article, since the article is intended for an inexperienced user. I’ll only tell you what you can do with your own hands.

First of all, check whether the LED on the motherboard lights up when power is supplied to the system unit. If it lights up, then all is not lost.

The next step is to check the BIOS battery, it may be completely discharged and because of this the computer cannot start. If possible, buy a new one and replace it, it is not expensive, about 150 rubles.

The next step is to disconnect the RAM sticks, wipe the contacts with a rubber school eraser and put them back in place.

If these methods do not help, it is better to send the system unit to a service center for repair.

5. Windows does not load when turned on

If, when you turn on the computer, a table with Latin characters appears on the screen (bios check), and after it Windows does not load, then the problem is not with the system unit, but with the installed operating system.

Alternatively, try using a boot disk, or reinstall the system again.

6. Clean your computer from dust!

As the last point, I decided to remind you that the system unit needs to be cleaned not only from the outside, but also from the inside. Due to the accumulation of dust and cobwebs, heat exchange between computer elements is disrupted, which leads to overheating, and often to combustion of the components of the system unit.

It is necessary to clean the computer from dust at least once every six months, and if the computer is used in warehouses and other industrial premises, at least once every two months.

When cleaning the system unit from dust, you should remove the side cover of the system unit, disconnect all wires from the motherboard and removable elements (hard drive, DVD drive, etc.). Then blow out the system unit case from the inside using a can of compressed air (or using a low-pressure compressor). Brush hard-to-reach places with a soft bristle brush.

These are the most common reasons why a computer does not turn on. There are still a lot of different diagnoses and problems. If after reading this article you still have questions, I’m ready to help you in the comments

The topic that I want to discuss in this article is very popular and talking about it in detail so that you understand how and what needs to be done is not so simple. But still, I will try to describe possible ways of what to do if Windows 7 does not boot on a laptop or computer. We will also find out why this could happen?! The task ahead of us is not an easy one, namely, to correct the current situation, but there is no need to be afraid. Just follow the clear instructions and everything will be great! Some points may be suitable for other operating systems, but I will focus on Windows 7.

Dear reader, if you really want to solve the problem, then I strongly recommend reading the article in full, and then drawing some conclusions. I cannot talk about all the nuances in one paragraph.

Safe Mode and Last Known Good Configuration

This is a must try! Reboot the computer, press the F8 key continuously.

Attention! In Windows 8, entering Safe Mode is a little different, so it's best to follow the link below to find out all the details. In the list that appears, we are interested in the item called “Last Known Good Configuration (advanced).” Select and press Enter.

About how to enter safe mode on different systems:

What to do if the information above did not help you? We repeat the steps described in the previous paragraph, but select “Safe Mode”.

Next, you can make a choice: fix the problem due to which Windows 7 does not boot manually, or try to do it in semi-automatic mode. Usually I do everything manually, for example, if Windows does not boot after installing the drivers, then I delete the drivers and try to boot. I think you understand that the manual method requires more knowledge on your part, so Windows offers you another option, which I will describe below.

If everything loads, go to the Start menu, Control Panel, System and Security. In the “Support Center” tab, click on the inscription “Restore the computer to a previous state.” See the “Run System Restore” button? Great, then you've come to the right place.

Now click it and follow the instructions.

Next, you will need to select a restore point. In my case, I am asked to select a point on the 23rd, and now the calendar shows the 29th. Therefore, you need to click on “Search for affected programs” to find out what actions you will need to take after recovery.

So, you have become familiar with the affected software during system recovery and can now close this window. After closing the window, click “Next”.

If you were unable to enter safe mode to restore Windows, then do not despair. Below we will look at another method.

Note: at the very beginning, when Windows 7 was just coming out, there was one strange glitch that you might have too. When you turn on the computer, the welcome screen follows and a black screen appears. As I remember, it seemed like there was still an arrow, but nothing else was visible. The treatment was very simple - go into safe mode and restart the computer as usual. After this, I was able to log into my account without any additional manipulations with Windows.

You may need to reinstall Windows

This option should be considered when you have tried to revive Windows, but all attempts have produced no results.

The very first thing that comes to mind for many, and for me too, is reinstalling Windows 7. But this method, you see, is very long, and if you are a busy person, then access to the computer should be almost constant. Reinstallation is suitable for those who have a lot of free time, or do not have time to understand faster methods, or for those who will not be helped by any of the methods I have listed below for restoring the Windows operating system.

I will not dwell in detail on installing Windows, since I wrote about this on my blog:

Here are brief instructions: since you do not have access to the desktop, go to the BIOS, look for the Boot or Advanced BIOS Features tab, or search for it yourself. Then in it we find the line “1st Boot Device”, set the value to CD-ROM. What have we done? What we did is that now when the computer boots, it will boot from the disk that is installed in your CDRom, and not from the hard drive. After turning it on, when the inscription “Press any key...” appears on a black background, press any button and get into the Windows installation wizard. Then follow the instructions on the screen.

You can read more about how to boot from disk in my article: “”.

I decided to talk about the installation at the very beginning, because if you were going to reinstall Windows, then perhaps this is some kind of sign to implement it))). But as I said at the very beginning, we will now try to bring your Windows back to life without reinstalling it.

System Restore

First of all, you can use the function that is in the installation disk “System Restore”. I will give an example of the Windows 7 system, but if you have a different system, then this is not a reason to think that you cannot do on your system. The names of the buttons may differ, but the principle remains the same.

So, for this procedure we need a Windows installation disk or its image (can be downloaded on the Internet). If you are unable to download the image or do not have a disk, then write to me by email [email protected] or contact your friends who have already installed Windows themselves.

If you don’t have a working disk drive or don’t have one at all, then the article “” will help you create a bootable flash drive.

When you have a Windows distribution, insert it into the drive and restart the computer. If the BIOS is configured for installation, you will see the line:

When it appears, press any key.

If it is not there or Windows boots as usual, then you need to make manipulations in the BIOS. Namely, set loading priorities. Usually the hard drive is set in the BIOS settings, since that is where your Windows is installed.

In order for the computer to start booting from the disk that is in your drive, you need to go into the BIOS and specify CDRom as the first device to boot. I have already talked about this above, if you have not read this point, then it’s time to do so.

So, you pressed any key, now a window will appear where you click “Next”.

In the next window you need to click “System Restore”.

A search will be performed for installed systems. If you have one system installed, then there will be one operating system in the list. Select it and click Next.

Often at this stage a message may appear in which you will be asked to restore the system. If this message is displayed on your screen, then click “Fix and restart”. After that, try to log into your account.

If the message does not appear, then in the next window you select your system and click “Next”.

After this, a window will appear where you can select system recovery methods.

– automatic problem solving.

System Restore - you can use this method, but provided that this function has been enabled.

Restoring a system image – if you have a Windows recovery image.

Command line– using certain commands you can revive Windows. This method will be discussed further.

Now click “Startup Repair”. Now you need to wait a little for the utility to try to automatically find the problem and solve it.

System Restore via Command Line

Then enter and press Enter.

A list of commands that can be used in this utility will appear; now you need to enter: Bootrec.exe /FixMbr and press Enter.

Now enter . exe / , then clicking on Enter. Next, exit the utility by typing exit and pressing Enter. Now you can try to log into your account, since the recovery work is completed.

You can also try updating the boot code by entering the command bootsect /NT60 SYS. Then leave as a team Exit.

If the above commands did not help you, then go to the command line and enter Bootrec.exe /RebuildBcd. With this command, you will scan your hard drive to find the systems installed on it.

When the scan is finished, a list of installed operating systems on your hard drive will appear. To add it to the download list, click Y And Enter. After successful completion of the operation, enter Exit and press Enter.

So, we have dealt with the command line. In principle, this should help to get your system to boot.

Inactive hard drive partition

This situation does not occur often, but it is still necessary to talk about it, otherwise the article can be said to be truncated. Let me give you an example, after which you will understand what's what.

Let's say you have several Windows operating systems installed on your computer, which are installed on different hard drives. If you assign incorrect attributes to hard drive partitions, you will have problems booting a particular version of Windows.

To check or fix this, you can use the Acronis Disk Director boot disk to change the partition attributes. So, download and burn the Acronis Disk Director boot disk and boot from it. How to do it? Insert the disc into the drive, restart the computer, and it will begin booting from the disc in the drive. But before that, check your download priorities. There should be a CDRom, just like when installing Windows. We have already talked about this in this article above.

When the program loads, pay attention to the checkboxes that are on the hard drive partitions.

In the image above we see that the checkboxes are on the second partitions of the hard drive. You need to make sure that these checkboxes are on the first sections. We got to practice ;). You need to right-click on each first partition of your hard drive and select “Mark as active.”

A message should appear where you click “OK”. This is what it looks like after the whole procedure:

Now all that remains is to click on the “Run” checkbox, wait for the operation to complete and restart the computer. Be sure to remove the disc from the drive.

Hardware problems, BIOS and viruses

HDD. If your system unit, or rather your hard drive, makes suspicious sounds: clicking or tapping, then there is a possibility that the hard drive needs to be replaced. To verify this, you need to open the cover of the system unit, turn on the computer and listen to the operation of the hard drive. Also check the wire connection to the hard drive. It is possible that the wires have become disconnected and the computer cannot see the hard drive.

If you suspect that the problem is with the hard drive, then you need to copy all important data to another medium. Otherwise, you may lose them completely.

BIOS. Go to the BIOS settings and put the hard drive first so that it starts booting from it. Above we looked at an example where we set up a CDROM; you do the same with a hard drive. Just don’t forget to save the changes in the BIOS by pressing the F10 key.

The second method – you won’t believe it, but it actually works! Just go into the BIOS and, without changing anything there, exit, saving the changes that in fact did not exist (by pressing the F10 button). I personally once fixed my friends’ laptop this way, and when they asked me how I did it, my answer was: “Magic and nothing more 😉.” So give it a try, maybe everything will be much easier than you think.

Viruses. Sometimes viruses prevent Windows from booting. If there are viruses on your computer, you need to scan the entire disk for viruses. Here are articles that will be useful to you: “” and “”.

Of course, if you check your hard drive for viruses, you will need to disconnect it and connect it to another computer, since in your case Windows will not load. Or you can use special boot programs with which you can scan your computer for viruses even if you cannot boot your Windows. Here are a couple of them: and.

Attention! There are cases when, after installing updates, Windows 7 stopped loading! Therefore, you may want to try uninstalling recent updates that were installed before the Windows boot problem occurred.

Important! If you see a specific error on your screen, I recommend using a Google or Yandex search. You can enter into the search not only the error code, but also the words that are used in it. Thus, you will save your time searching for the problem and its solution.

Important! If the system unit makes squeaks when turned on, then you need to use this squeak to determine the problem. Ask how? Here's an article on this topic: "".

That's all I wanted to say. The article turned out to be long, and I sincerely hope that at least one of the methods I described helped you.

Says a lot of unnecessary things, but there is useful information for you:

If the monitor's power button blinks but there is no image, there is a problem with the VGA (DVI) signal cable or PC video card.

Check the monitor signal cable (VGA or DVI), the cable may not fit tightly into the socket. Tighten the cable fixing screws. Try this cable on another screen or install another tested cable on the existing one. Some screens have both VGA and DVI inputs; if one does not work, you need to try another, of course, if you have the appropriate connector on your PC video card.

The problem is with the video card. If the system unit has 2 or more video cards, try moving the VGA or DVI cable to another video card. Move the video card to another slot. Replace the video card with a proven one. Test your video card on another PC.

At this point, 90% of all monitor malfunctions are exhausted, and we move on to PC malfunctions.

Computer won't turn on or won't boot?

Before we begin describing PC malfunctions, we should understand the terminology, since seemingly identical words used to describe a malfunction have different meanings.

So, the machine does not turn on when, after pressing the computer's power button:

indicator lights do not light up;
You can’t hear the noise of operating cooling coolers (fans);
There is no single sound signal from the built-in speaker, which usually accompanies normal PC booting. Please note that a series of several beeps of varying duration (short/long), on the contrary, indicate a computer malfunction.

The PC does not boot when, after pressing the computer's power button:

indicator lights are constantly on or flashing;
the noise of operating cooling coolers (fans) is heard;
there is a single sound signal from the built-in speaker after the PC starts; is not downloading operating system(hereinafter OS) computer, black screen, blue screen of death(BSoD).

What to do if the computer beeps?

When you turn on the PC, if the result is positive for errors, the built-in speaker emits one short beep.

If there is a series of beeps when loading (the computer beeps), then the PC has problems.

The correspondence of the number of signals to their duration, system errors are different and differ depending on the manufacturers BIOS.

When you turn on your PC, pay attention to the BIOS developer (information is indicated on the monitor during boot, and can also be found in the instructions for the motherboard).

The most popular BIOS manufacturers are: Asus, Award, AMI, AST, Phoenix, Compaq, DELL.

If the computer does not turn on, you need to follow a number of recommendations below:

Make sure that power unit system unit is turned on. On the back of the system unit there is a power supply button.

Make sure that the outlet to which the PC is connected is working properly (see the solution to a similar problem for a monitor).
Make sure the PC power cable is in good condition; there may be a problem with static charge at the ends of the cable or with the cable itself. Pull out the cable and insert it back. Try a different cable (for example, from a monitor).
Make sure there is no large amount of dust on the computer boards. Try cleaning your computer using a brush and a vacuum cleaner.

Make sure the computer's power supply is working properly. Measure the voltage at the output of the power supply with a multimeter. Between the black and yellow wires the voltage should be 12V, between the black and red - 5V. Try another power unit similar power.

Make sure the PC power button is working properly. If necessary, replace the button.
Make sure there are no swollen capacitors on the computer motherboard. If there are any, it is necessary to resolder the capacitors.
BIOS battery problem. Pull out the battery and check the voltage at its contacts, it should be 3V. Deviations to the smaller side lead to unstable PC operation. Try inserting another battery.

Make sure the hard drive is working properly. Check if all connectors (power/SATA/IDE) are installed properly. When using a PC, incl. and when loading it, if you put your hand on the hard drive, you can feel a slight vibration, if this does not happen, there is a high probability of problems with the hard drive connection cables or its malfunction.
Make sure that the RAM (hereinafter referred to as RAM) is in good working order. Try inserting the module RAM into another slot on the motherboard. If there are several modules, you need to remove them, after which you need to try to insert them into the slots one by one and after each attempt try to turn on the PC. Try replacing the RAM module with a tested, working module.

What to do if the computer does not boot?

As a rule, the computer does not boot due to failures in the operating system or problems with the hard drive. To troubleshoot you need to:

Reinstalling Windows 7.

The computer does not turn on - we are looking for a malfunction. PC diagnostics and troubleshooting.

You press the power button, but it doesn’t boot, but the cooler is running, the indicators are blinking, the screen remains black. Computer won't turn on? Looking for a fault