How did the mailbox appear? Mailbox Paris couriers in mailboxes

Hello, dear readers of the Sprint-Response website. Today is September 2, 2017, which means the popular TV game “Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?” is on air on Channel One. In this article you can read an overview of the game, as well as find out all the answers in today’s game “Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?” for 02.09.2017.

Our favorite colleagues of Dmitry Dibrov are visiting us today: Vladimir Gomelsky And Dmitry Borisov . These comrades know the procedure, how hard it is to earn money on television, especially on Channel One, but they did not come to work, but to relax. But these guys are very confident in themselves, if they named a fireproof amount of 400,000 rubles, at least they intend to answer 12 questions. Let's see what comes of this.

1. What are long shorts called?

Canaries
Maldives
bermuda shorts
Kuril Islands

2. What fictional creature has recently become a popular meme on the Internet?

Chatterbox
Howler
Munchkin
Zhdun

3. What is the name of the species of butterfly?

orange maker
lemongrass
grapefruit girl
kumquat girl

4. The name of which plant coincides with the nickname of the hero Fenimore Cooper?

St. John's wort
immortelle
Kalanchoe
burdock

5. What height was Sergei Bubka the first to overcome in pole vaulting?

5 meters
6 meters
7 meters
8 meters

6. What is the name of the administrative-territorial unit of Germany?

fire
Earth
air

7. What prevents fluid from flowing out of the high pressure cylinder in a hydraulic jack?

collar
button
cuff
strap

8. What faculty did Rodion Raskolnikov study at?

medical
legal
philosophical
mathematical

9. Which character is missing from the wedding in the classic production of the ballet Sleeping Beauty?

Little Red Riding Hood
Puss in Boots
Thumb Boy
Blue Beard

10. What do sailors often call a “marusa belt”?

cap ribbon
waterline
anchor chain
deck railing

11. What group of instruments does the Australian didgeridoo belong to?

brass
strings
drums
keyboards

12. Who became the first full Knight of St. George in Russia?

Kutuzov
Golitsyn
Suvorov
Menshikov

13. Who or what did Parisian couriers secretly drop into newly opened mailboxes to avoid being out of work?

mice
nettle
embers

14. What mineral forms the beautiful transparent variety “Maryino glass”?

mica
spinel
gypsum
cinnabar

Unfortunately, the players were unable to answer the fourteenth question correctly, but they managed to win a fireproof sum. Therefore, the players' winnings in the game "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" for September 9, 2017 amounted to 400,000 rubles.

The second part of today's game "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" has begun, in which participants Olga Prokofieva And Valery Garkalin . The players chose a fireproof amount of 100,000 rubles.

1. What do they say about a person who does not want to tell anything?

like looking into the water
like water off a duck's back
seventh water on jelly
took water in his mouth

2. How does a hockey match begin?

from throwing out
from throw-in
from toss
from an offering

3. What do men say they love?

lips
teeth
eyes
brains

4. What is the name of a young worker, trainee?

intern
major
boyfriend
editor

5. What expression can be used to define folklore?

from hand to hand
Tet-a-tet
word of mouth
from foot to foot

6. What position did Gerasim, the hero of Turgenev’s story “Mumu”, hold in the manor house?

blacksmith
groom
street cleaner
coachman

7. What should a producer do as part of his job?

make chandeliers
read letters
illustrate books
put people out of work

8. Which name is not usually shortened to the diminutive Seva?

The fastest and most convenient way to send a letter. Door-to-door delivery - the letter is picked up and delivered by a courier within the city, to another city, or abroad.

EMS Express Letter is a registered shipment and its delivery and delivery can be tracked using a tracking number.

How to send

The letter can be sent by courier or from a specialized post office that accepts EMS shipments. The envelope is provided free of charge. Find a branch with EMS
To order additional services of declared value, cash on delivery, inventory of the attachment or SMS notification, please inform the courier or post office employee.

Additional services

Inventory of attachment. You will receive confirmation from the postal worker of the contents of the letter and the date it was sent.
C.O.D. To receive the letter, the recipient will have to pay the amount you specify. The amount of cash on delivery cannot exceed the amount of the declared value.
Declared value. Your letter is insured. If something happens to the letter, you will be able to receive full or partial compensation. The maximum value of an EMS letter is RUB 50,000.

Job search. This problem confronts a person in full force when he loses his position due to staff reductions or due to the closure of an enterprise - who knows, for what other reason... This is a serious life test that everyone copes with to the best of their own strengths and abilities.

Yes, you can follow your own ambitions and live on benefits for years, waiting for a vacancy in your previous specialty, inevitably losing your qualifications over time, and therefore your chances of getting what you want.

Or you can do like Mikhail Averin, with whom today the magazine Reconomica intends to introduce the reader. This man was convinced from his own experience that the well-known expression is right: “If you can’t change something, change your attitude towards it,” and agreed to a new job, which he will talk about.

My name is Mikhail Aleksandrovich Averin, I am 31 years old. I live in Yaroslavl, and have been working as a courier for the City Courier Service organization for several years now.

The crisis has affected many people in one way or another. I worked for 8 years as a deputy warehouse manager at a large grocery company. The introduction of sanctions and high competition had a negative impact on us and all staff were laid off. The first thing I did was go to the labor exchange so that while I was looking for a new job, I could at least receive benefits.

Of course, I didn’t receive any offers in my specialty; they started offering me vacancies without work experience. They gave me a referral to the city courier service, where a vacancy was found for “courier”. I’ve seen similar vacancies before on websites and in newspapers, there are quite a lot of them.

A courier is not a pizza delivery guy

I imagined that a courier is a person who delivers pizza or sushi according to orders, but during the interview it turned out otherwise.

The courier's duties include delivering correspondence throughout the city. The bulk of correspondence is delivered from courts, judicial districts, from bailiffs, from the tax and pension funds.

As a walking courier, you can't sit still.

Foot couriers are not entitled to transport. The entire city is divided into segments at the discretion of the organization. Each segment must be visited once every 3 days, in accordance with current legislation or in agreement with customers.

Absolutely no education is required, nine years of school is enough. A resume is also optional.

They didn’t ask me about my previous jobs; one desire was enough. The interview was conducted in one stage. The HR manager provided examples of delivered correspondence from all customers, a sample of how to correctly fill out documents and delivery rules.

Why would it be simpler - but no, and this has its own requirements

There were many requirements, such as good knowledge of the city. Delivery happens to different areas, and sometimes to those where you had to appear infrequently before. Of course, they print a map of the area, but you still have to constantly walk around unfamiliar terrain with your phone in your hands.

The speed of movement is also specified (there is a clearly established standard for delivery and you need to have time to fulfill it). If correspondence needs to be distributed to the private sector, then the distance traveled per day can be up to 50 kilometers.

The courier must always be neatly dressed.

A neat appearance is also required, because the courier is the face of the company, and he needs to go to addresses not necessarily in a suit, but cleanly and neatly dressed.

The required quality is attentiveness. It is necessary to ensure that recipients fill out notifications for receiving correspondence correctly and in accordance with the law. Last but not least is self-control, since the recipient may be drunk, inappropriate, or under stress.

Each recipient needs a separate approach, as well as a willingness to communicate constantly. Often you have to explain the procedure for filling out documents, the principles of the company’s work, and, if possible, offer new services to recipients. It is not always possible to quickly leave the recipient; sometimes you have to listen to all sorts of life stories for a long time.

Probation

They didn’t provide me with a curator - so to speak, they immediately sent me into free swimming. When hired, the courier is assigned the status of “newbie” for 3 months.

During this period, the quality of work is checked using internal indicators.

Delivery percentage - the ratio of the number of registered letters delivered to the number issued. For me this percentage is within 70, and this is a very good indicator. If the percentage is less than 50, then the courier is given a verbal reprimand - either take longer, or deliver more carefully. The only way to increase the delivery percentage was to go to work later, around 6-7 pm, but then I myself got home closer to 10 pm.

They're calling - open the door!

Percentage of receipts based on notifications - this is when the addressee is not found at home and a notice of the established form is left for him so that he can receive a registered letter addressed to him at the company’s office the next day. The optimal rate is from 10 to 20 percent. I always fall into 15–17 percent, but this figure is generally arbitrary; it is greatly influenced by the human factor. Some of the recipients are more responsible and always come when notified to receive correspondence, while others, excuse me, don’t give a damn. I myself only use notifications as a last resort.
No complaints from recipients. This is where you get lucky... There are a lot of recipients who always like to complain about everyone, especially about couriers. Such complaints may not be punished; this is at the discretion of management.

Not the last topic - courier earnings

If we talk about payment, it depends on the remoteness of the destination. Average earnings per day are 1000–1200 rubles. You can, of course, try to increase it, but there are few ways.

I chose to work on weekends. To do this, on Friday morning I receive correspondence not only for the current day, but also for Saturday and Sunday. On weekends, however, many recipients are unhappy: people are on vacation, and I bring them a letter from the court... And not everyone can work six days without days off.

My earnings depend entirely on the volume of letters delivered.

At the initial stage (first 2 months) I managed to earn 15–18 thousand rubles. I thought that this was not much, and I was offered to additionally deliver correspondence to neighboring segments. Now, in order to keep up with everything, I had to study the area and choose routes. I fully got used to it only after about a year and a half.

My salary is half white, so to speak. Regardless of earnings, the official portion is transferred approximately on the 15th of each month to a bank card. The rest of the amount is handed over to the branch manager approximately on the same day.

Opportunity for career growth

Couriers are not divided into categories; after a probationary period, everyone is assigned the same position. After 3 years, I was transferred to the status of master courier. The difference from usual is that I deliver correspondence throughout the city, and for this I am paid an additional 3,000 rubles.

Judging by my organization, the courier position in it is both initial and final. You can only advance up to master courier. There is simply no further career advancement for couriers.

The most difficult thing is to deliver correspondence to individuals.

Vacation, bonus, etc.

I also have a social package. Sick leave is paid, vacation is provided twice a year, in agreement with management. But vacation may be denied when there are not enough couriers. Initially, it was assumed that I would also be paid for work in adverse weather conditions. This means an additional payment for delivery, for example, in severe frosts. But during my work there were never such additional payments, although it was minus 32 outside.

Weekends are also paid without extra charge, that is, one to one. The bonus is small - everyone who has worked for more than 3 months is paid extra for length of service in the amount of 500 rubles, and the rest of the bonus is purely at the discretion of management and its maximum amount is 1000 rubles.

And in the rain and in the heat...

Correspondence must be delivered all year round. It is easier to deliver letters to legal entities; just go to the office and offer to receive the specified letter, not forgetting about the formalities. Somewhere they can give you tea in winter.

Delivering correspondence to legal entities is much easier.

The main difficulty is delivering letters to individuals. You walk around apartments, but it’s not always possible to catch a person at home.

If the addressee is not at home, then I leave a notice by registered letter in the mailbox, which is located in the entrance. Over time, it became easier to get into the entrance, as my voice began to be recognized. And at first they often didn’t let me in, they thought that I was sending out advertisements.

Different people meet

Problematic situations often arise with individuals. The most common case: “You did not leave me notice, and I was unable to receive court correspondence addressed to me.” It can be difficult for a courier to prove that it is not his fault. The notice is subtle, often it ends up in the newspapers, and then it can be thrown out along with all the other spam from the mailbox.

Case two, no less common: “You left a notice even though I was at home.” Again, it is useless to prove. Many recipients simply turn off the sound on the intercom or turn off the intercom altogether, and not everyone has doorbells. For example, a complaint was received from the addressee: “I live at the specified address and am registered, but nothing was delivered to me for six months.” The most I could do was write an explanatory note.

There are even more serious cases when the recipient is drunk or inappropriate. Then it is not always possible to leave peacefully.

Dangerous case

I once delivered a registered letter, the recipient lived in a communal apartment with 7 rooms. There was no intercom at the entrance; we had to walk up to the fourth floor of the residential building. There was no bell on the door either, so I knocked.

The neighbors came out, and I introduced myself, as expected. The man was sleeping after work. They woke him up, and it turned out that the man was slightly drunk, but quite aggressive. At such moments it is not advisable to hand over letters, so I tried to leave. But as soon as I turned away a little, a hand with a knife flew at me. The body was not hurt, only the new jacket was damaged.

The management then spent the whole day trying to persuade me not to quit after this incident.

When delivering correspondence to individuals, you often find yourself in unforeseen situations.

Being a courier has its advantages.

But there are also advantages to working as a courier, one of which I have highlighted for myself is communication. I used to have big problems with this.

In addition to constant communication with people from different classes of the population, when delivering letters to legal entities, it is possible to agree on additional part-time work. I also like to be constantly in the fresh air, I don’t like working in a dusty office. Working as a courier, you can constantly keep yourself in good physical shape, especially when letters are delivered to distant villages, and you also have to walk up stairs.

The courier profession is ideal for students.

You can also consider it as a part-time job for the weekend; if desired, you can use it to combine it with your main place of work. If we consider individual delivery segments, we can also work for people with disabilities, or those who are on maternity leave, or on leave from their main place of work.

O. BULANOVA

When there was no Internet, and telephones were landline and not in every apartment, people wrote letters to each other on paper. Then they put the letter in an envelope and put it in the mailbox. Having traveled a winding path, which often lasted more than one week, the letter arrived at the addressee.

This wonderful tradition of writing letters originated a very long time ago. But if the tradition of writing letters is very old, then the mailbox should have an equally rich history. And he has it – rich and interesting.

It’s interesting that at the very beginning one box was enough. Those. the letter did not move: one person put it in the box, the second took it out... But who could need such a strange communication system?

To answer this question, let's go back to the 16th century. The Suez Canal has not yet been built; the long and dangerous route from Europe to India goes around Africa.

Naturally, while making a difficult voyage, the sailors wanted to receive some news about each other. This is how a stone mailbox appeared on the Cape of Good Hope. The crew of one ship put letters in it addressed to comrades from another ship. Such a connection operated clearly for several centuries.

“The Dutch have a special place on the pier and a stone in which they put letters, so that other Dutch people who come will be informed about their path and wanderings, from where and where they sailed and what special happened to them,” this is how the famous “post office” was described 17th century traveler Adam Olearius.

But in fact, the Portuguese were the first to come up with such a hiding place; the Dutch only took advantage of the idea. And at first he was not made of stone. It all started when Bartolomeu Dias, the Portuguese navigator who discovered the Cape of Good Hope twelve years earlier, was caught in a severe storm off the coast of South Africa. Many sailors died in the raging waves, including Dias himself. Of all the ships, only one survived.

When the storm subsided, the expedition members decided to return to their homeland. Before sailing, one officer described what happened, put a letter in his shoe, and nailed the shoe to a tree - to attract attention: let other sailors read the message and find out about what happened.

A year later, another navigator, João da Nova, set off for India along the same route. He landed on the shore exactly in the place where the shoe was hanging on the tree. Da Nova read the message and erected a chapel nearby. A settlement soon arose near it, and the shoe served the local residents as a mailbox for a long time.

However, the caches of sailors are by no means the only predecessors of the mailbox. In the same XVI century. boxes also appeared on the other side of the equator - in the cathedrals and churches of the Florentine Republic. Tamburos, as the Florentines called them, were terrible boxes - they were intended for denunciations. An anonymous letter dropped into the vestibule was enough to capture and convict a person.

Denunciations in Florence are a common, unremarkable thing. Moreover, informers were encouraged. To receive a reward for meanness, the author of the anonymous letter dropped into the vestibule broke a silver coin in half. One half accompanied the denunciation, the second became a kind of receipt for receiving the fourth part of the fine collected by the court of the republic from the person against whom the denunciation was written. So the tambouros were very popular and were never empty. Slander and slander were an excellent way to settle scores with an enemy.

It is not surprising that boxes with such a dark reputation were not forgotten even in the 17th century, when the city post office, created in Paris by a certain Mr. de Velayer, needed boxes for letters.

Velaye then thought for a long time about how to organize a post office in Paris. The postal system that existed at that time required significant costs to pay couriers who collected and delivered mail. Velaye decided to put the postal business on stream and placed several boxes throughout Paris, like the notorious tambouros, where citizens had to put letters and at the same time pay for their delivery. I must say, a significantly lower fee than for courier.

However, this postal system did not take root - the rich still used messengers, and the poor did not send letters. The medieval entrepreneur went bankrupt, and the Parisian city post office died without being born.

Postal items received a second wind half a century later. Original mailboxes began to be used in intercontinental mailing when regular sea traffic began to develop between England and America. Captains of ships setting out on voyages hung canvas bags in hotels and taverns. Anyone could put a letter in such a bag. Postage to America was only 1 pence. Upon arrival, the captain handed the bag to the postmaster.

And another fifty years have passed when another mailbox appears in Austria. It was made of wood and hung not on the wall, but on... his back. The poor postman carried him along a pre-planned route, and citizens waited for him to throw letters into the box and pay for delivery.

It would seem so easy to attach a mailbox to the wall, but... a wooden box decorated with an image of a letter and a postal horn of respectable size appeared on the wall of one of the houses in Vienna only in 1785.

So the simple was not born easily. Suffice it to say that until 1801 a letter from Berlin could only be sent from the palace post office. One collection point per city with a population of more than 170 thousand people! The queues were terrible, it took a lot of time to process the shipment, sometimes people stood in line for several days. The Berliners' patience ran out, discontent and unrest began.

The city magistrate decided to allocate 4,230 thalers to open three more reception centers in different parts of Berlin, but this turned out to be very expensive, and this project was protested by Privy Councilor Pistor.

“Such an expensive institution,” he wrote, “meets neither the requirements of the local public nor the business itself. It is better to get mailboxes and install them where needed. The objections that could be raised against such boxes, in my opinion, do not deserve attention. You can hang the boxes in places where they will be under the supervision of a sentry; postmen can take them to the post office three times a day and replace them with others. Boxes should have printed notes indicating which letters are not delivered unpaid; such an institution will fully meet the requirements of the public and will cost barely 500 thalers.”

The more than reasonable proposal of Privy Councilor Pistor was carried out for another fifty years, because the Berliners were again dissatisfied: how can you entrust a letter to an inanimate object? So the mailboxes that are familiar to us - hanging on the walls - appeared in Berlin only in 1851. They also had an image of a horn.

It must be said that this symbol did not arise by chance. The horn was an emblem of communication. Back at the beginning of the 16th century. Count Thurn-Taxis established the first regular postal line in Europe Vienna-Brussels. Horse-mounted postmen, and then stagecoach conductors, used signal horns. Hearing this sound, everyone immediately had to give way to them. The sound of the horn exempted tolls at outposts, forced ferrymen to transport mail across the river immediately and free of charge, and “opened” the guarded city gates at any time of the day. And the local residents, having heard him, knew that the postman had arrived and was collecting letters.

Postal horns have been symbols of postal service in many countries and are still depicted on quite a few mailboxes around the world. In the Russian Empire, since 1666, the official emblems of the Russian post became a single postal horn and the state emblem in the form of a double-headed eagle.

By the way, in the Russian Empire, the first boxes were installed in St. Petersburg, and then in Moscow in 1848. In 1866, express mail appeared in London. The sender put the letter in the box, put in a coin and pressed the lever. At the nearest post office, a sound signal would sound, and a courier would promptly arrive and pick up the correspondence.

It's a rather complex system, and complex is not always good. Such boxes did not take root. And the telegraph and telephone made them simply unnecessary. The attempt to use travel boxes, which would speed up the delivery of letters, was also unsuccessful. In 1928, 200 of these boxes were installed on the walls of trams by Moscow signalmen. As planned, the correspondence itself was supposed to arrive at the sorting point and then be sent to cities and villages.

First of all, these boxes were placed on trams passing by the Main Post Office. Those. the letters themselves went into the hands of the signalmen. Such a tempting, at first glance, idea turned out to be unsuccessful - running after a tram or waiting for it at a stop turned out to be not very pleasant. It is much easier to drive your car around ordinary boxes hanging on the walls than to resort to boxes hanging on the tram wall. After all, a letter can only be dropped into such a box at a stop, and when there is no tram, you need to wait for it... Moreover, fortunately, no one has canceled the usual mailboxes hanging on the walls.

There was another problem that gradually emerged as the idea of sending letters through mailboxes was perfected. Firstly, the safety of letters (you never know what hooligan would think of tearing off a mailbox and throwing it into the nearest ditch), and secondly, maintaining the secrecy of correspondence. So, while improving mailboxes, signalmen also made sure that the mailbox could keep the secret entrusted to it.

Russian signalmen also contributed to protecting the secrecy of the letter. In the second half of the 19th century. they offered a double box. When clearing correspondence, the inner box was replaced with an empty one, and the box with letters was delivered to the post office without opening. This complex design was replaced by a box with a bottom door, invented in 1910 by designer P.N. Shabarov. The bottom door opened mechanically when a special box was applied to it.

Sometimes, however, funny twists and turns happened in the history of mailboxes. Everyone understands that the mailbox should be accessible to everyone. Who would think of hanging it for two or three people? And yet, at the beginning of the twentieth century. Such individual boxes were installed near the houses of rich people in Washington.

As one of the German newspapers testified, “by means of a special sign on the box, the attention of a passing postman, who has a key, is drawn to open the box. Then he takes out the letters, and if there is a note with money attached in the box, he leaves stamps for that amount and closes the box again.”

My post is not about virtual, but about real street mailboxes. Each mailbox characterizes its owner. You can collect a very large selection of photos and text about street mailboxes. You can even make a separate website dedicated to this topic. I offer you information on serious and not so street mailboxes of the world.

As you remember, in the USSR all mailboxes were blue, covered with advertisements and not very clean. Almost all countries have yellow mailboxes, with the exception of Israel and Britain, where they are red, and Hungary, where they are green.

There are several episodes in postal history that claim to be the first mention of a mailbox. In the first years of the 16th century, wooden mailboxes - the so-called "tambours" - were installed in Florence. They were located near the main church communities and had a slot at the top, into which an anonymous letter with accusations against enemies of the state could be dropped, unnoticed by prying eyes.

In the 16th century, stone mailboxes were installed near the Cape of Good Hope by the crews of British ships to transmit letters to other ships. Dutch sailors also had similar stone boxes.
Mailboxes are mentioned in the documents of the Paris city post office, founded in 1653, and their invention is attributed to Renoir de Villaye.

In Austria, the postman carried a mailbox with him on his belt. Street mailboxes in Germany were large in size and distinguished by elegant decoration and wood carvings. Express mail boxes were created in London (UK). The sender put a letter and a coin into such a box to pay for services and pressed a special lever, with the help of which a signal was sent to the nearest post office that the letter had arrived. Having received the signal, a courier was sent from the post office to pick up the letter.

Posten (Swedish: Posten) - the Swedish state postal service - was founded in 1636 by Axel Oxenstierna, and by the 18th century it operated throughout the country. At this time, letters could be found with a feather attached to a wax seal to notify postal workers of the need for urgent delivery of the item, which was a distinctive feature of Swedish mail in the past. Sweden was among the first states to sign the General Postal Convention on October 9, 1874, and later joined the agreements on postal orders (1885) and on the newspaper operation (1891). Sweden also concluded agreements on the mutual exchange of postal money orders with other countries, including Russia (1904-1905).

Very beautiful antique mailboxes can be found in Tallinn. And in Russia you can come across a “letter” box.

Brazilian mailboxes are some of the most beautiful in the world. It is desirable that metal mailboxes match the style and color of the roof of the house, which would have a similar, attractive-looking gutter.

In Russia, various companies manufacture a large number of modern mailboxes. You can order forged options, various high-tech styles. But sometimes you can find a “miracle” of creative thought in the form of a covered bottle - also mail. You can adapt a burnt-out microwave under a mailbox - very interesting.

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