The sgml standard describes. Markup languages: SGML, HTML, XML. Their connection with each other. Standards for Web Services

In 1986, long before the idea of creating the Web was brought to life, the universal standardized markup language SGML (Standardized Generalized Markup Language) was approved as an international standard (ISO 8879) for defining markup languages, although SGML had existed since the late sixties . It was used to describe markup languages while allowing the author to give formal definitions to each element and attribute of the language.

HTML was originally just one of the SGML applications. He described the rules by which information should be prepared for the World Wide Web. Thus, HTML is a set of SGML statements, formulated as a document type definition (DTD), explaining what tags and elements mean. The HTML DTD schema is stored in the web browser.

The disadvantages of the HTML language include the following:

HTML has fixed set of tags. You cannot create your own tags that are understandable to other users.
HTML is exclusive data presentation technology. HTML does not carry information about the meaning of the content contained in the tags.
HTML - "flat" tongue. The significance of the tags is not defined in it, so it cannot be used to describe the data hierarchy.
Browsers are used as a platform for applications. HTML is not powerful enough to create web applications at the level that web developers are currently striving for. For example, it is impossible to develop an application for professional processing and searching of documents in HTML.
Large volumes of network traffic. Existing HTML documents used as applications overload the Internet with large amounts of traffic in client-server systems. An example would be sending a large document over a network when only a small part of the document is needed.

Thus, on the one hand, the HTML language is a very convenient means of marking up documents for use on the Web, and on the other hand, a document marked up in HTML has little information about its content. If a particular document contains sufficiently complete information about its content, it becomes possible to carry out automatic generalized processing and search in the file storing the document relatively easily. SGML allows you to store information about the content of a document, but due to its complexity, it has never been used as widely as HTML.

A group of SGML experts, led by Jon Bosak of Sun Microsystems, began work to create a subset of SGML that could be adopted by the Web community. It was decided to remove many non-essential features of SGML. The language rebuilt in this way was called XML. The simplified version was found to be significantly more accessible than the original, with its specifications being only 26 pages long, compared to the over 500 pages of SGML specifications.

Let's take a closer look at the structure and features of this language.

XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a W3C recommended markup language. XML is a text format designed for storing structured data, for exchanging information between programs, and also for creating specialized markup languages based on it. XML is a simplified subset of the SGML language.

The XML language has the following dignity:

This is a human-oriented document format, it is understandable to both humans and computers.
Supports Unicode.
The XML format can describe basic data structures such as records, lists and trees.
It is a self-documenting format that describes the structure and field names as well as field values.
It has strictly defined syntax and parsing requirements, which allows it to remain simple, efficient and consistent.
Widely used for storing and processing documents;
This is a format based on international standards;
The hierarchical structure of XML is suitable for describing almost any type of document;
It is a simple text, free from licensing and any restrictions;
Platform independent;
It is a subset of SGML, for which extensive experience has been accumulated and specialized applications have been created;

To the famous shortcomings languages include the following:

XML syntax is redundant.
- The size of the XML document is significantly larger than the binary representation of the same data (about 10 times).
- The size of an XML document is significantly larger than that of alternative text-based data transfer formats (e.g. JSON, YAML) and especially data formats optimized for a specific use case.
- XML redundancy can impact application performance. The cost of storing, processing and transmitting data is increasing.
- For a large number of tasks, the full power of XML syntax is not needed, and much simpler and more performant solutions can be used.
XML namespaces are difficult to use and difficult to implement in XML parsers.
XML does not have data type support built into the language. It does not have the concepts of “integers”, “strings”, “dates”, “booleans”, etc.
The hierarchical data model offered by XML is limited compared to the relational model and object-oriented graphs.

Generally speaking, XML can be viewed not only as a new markup language, but also as the basis for an entire family of technologies:

Table 9.1. XML Family Structure

XML	Technical advice on using XML
DTD	Document type definition (schema)
XDR	XML Reduced Format (Microsoft Schema)
XSD	Defining an XML Schema (W3C Schema)
Namespace	Method for defining element and attribute names
XPath	XML Path Language
XLink	XML Link Language
XPointer	XML Pointer Language
DOM	Document Object Model API
SAX	Simple API for XML
XSL	Extensible Style Sheet Language
XSL-FO	XSL Formatting Objects
XSLT	XSL Transformation Language
XInclude	XML Include Syntax

Story

Let's look at an example of a simple recipe marked up using XML:

Simple bread Flour Yeast Warm water Salt Mix all ingredients and knead thoroughly. Cover with a cloth and leave for one hour in a warm room. Knead again, place on a baking sheet and put in the oven.

XML declaration

The first line of the XML document is called XML declaration(English) XML declaration) is a string indicating the XML version. In version 1.0 XML declaration can be omitted, in version 1.1 it is required. The character encoding and the presence of external dependencies can also be indicated here.

The specification requires XML processors to support Unicode encodings UTF-8 and UTF-16 (UTF-32 is optional). Other encodings based on the ISO/IEC 8859 standard are recognized as acceptable, supported and widely used (but not required); other encodings are also acceptable, for example, Russian Windows-1251, KOI-8. Often, non-Latin letters are not used in tags; in this case, UTF-8 is a very convenient encoding - the volume is usually smaller than with UTF-16; decoding can be performed both for the entire document and for specific attributes and texts; the entire document does not contain prohibited characters when parsing is attempted with incorrect encoding.

Root element

The most important mandatory syntactic requirement is that the document has only one root element(English) root element) (also sometimes called document element(English) document element)). This means that the text or other data of the entire document must be located between a single start root tag and its corresponding end tag.

The following simplest example is a well-formed XML document:

The following example is not a valid XML document because it has two root element:

Entity #1 Entity #2

A comment

An element can be placed anywhere in the tree - a comment. XML comments are placed inside a special tag starting with the characters . Two hyphens (--) cannot be present within a comment.

Tags inside a comment should not be processed.

See also Notes Literature

David Hunter, Jeff Rafter, Joe Faucett, Eric van der Vlist, etc. XML. Working with XML, 4th Edition = Beginning XML, 4th Edition. - M.: “Dialectics”, 2009. - 1344 p. - ISBN 978-5-8459-1533-7
David Hunter, Jeff Rafter and others. XML. Basic course = Beginning XML. - M.: Williams, 2009. - 1344 p. - ISBN 978-5-8459-1533-7
Robert Tabor. Implementation of XML Web services on the Microsoft .NET platform = Microsoft .NET XML Web Services. - M.: Williams, 2002. - 464 p. - ISBN 0-672-32088-6

Links

XML on the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) website
Official XML 1.0 Standard Specification

Official XML 1.1 Standard Specification
XML documentation on the IBM website articles, forums

World Wide Web Consortium StandardsRecommendations Notes Work projects Guidelines Initiative Deprecated Organizations BY Conferences

Canonical XML CDF CSS DOM Geolocation API HTML ITS MathML OWL P3P PLS RDF (Schema) SISR SKOS SMIL SOAP SRGS SSML SVG SPARQL Timed Text VoiceXML WSDL XForms XHTML XHTML+RDFa XInclude XLink XML (Base Encryption Events Information Set namespace Schema Signature) XPath / 1.0 / 2.0 XPointer XProc XQuery XSL XSL-FO XSLT (elements) XUP

XAdES XHTML+SMIL

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines

Multimodal Interaction Activity Markup Validation Service Web Accessibility Initiative

IW3C2 World Wide Web Conference WWWC1

Semantic WebBasics Subsections Applications Related Topics

World Wide Web · Internet · Hypertext · Databases · Semantic networks · Ontologies · Descriptive logic

Linked Data · Data Web · Hyperdata · Dereferenceable URIs · Rule bases · Data Spaces

Semantic wiki · Semantic publishing · Semantic search · Semantic computing · Semantic advertising · Semantic reasoner · Semantic matching · Semantic mapper · Semantic broker · Semantic analytics · Semantic service oriented architecture

SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language- standard generalized markup language; pronounced [ SGM]) is a metalanguage in which you can define a markup language for documents. SGML is the successor to the GML (Generalized Markup Language) developed in 1969 at IBM, which should not be confused with the Geography Markup Language developed by the Open GIS Consortium.

SGML was originally developed for the sharing of machine-readable documents in large government and aerospace projects. It was widely used in the printing and publishing industries, but its complexity made it difficult to be widely adopted for everyday use.

Main parts of the SGML document:

1. SGML declaration - defines what characters and delimiters can appear in the application;

2. Document Type Definition - defines the syntax of markup constructs. The DTD may include additional definitions, such as symbolic references;

3. Semantics specification, refers to markup - also gives syntax restrictions that cannot be expressed within a DTD;

4. Contents of the SGML document - at least there must be a root element.

SGML provides a variety of syntactic markup options for use by a variety of applications. By modifying the SGML declaration, you can even abandon the use of angle brackets, although this syntax is considered standard, the so-called concrete reference syntax.

SGML is standardized by ISO: “ISO 8879:1986 Information processing-Text and office systems-Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)”

HTML and XML are derived from SGML. HTML is an application of SGML, and XML is a subset of SGML designed to simplify the process of machine parsing a document. Other SGML applications are SGML Docbook (documentation) and "Z Format" (typography and documentation).

XML eXtensible Markup Language- extensible markup language; pronounced [ x-em-el]) is a markup language recommended by the World Wide Web Consortium, which is actually a set of general syntactic rules. XML is a text format designed for storing structured data (instead of existing database files), for exchanging information between programs, and also for creating more specialized markup languages based on it (for example, XHTML). XML is a simplified subset of the SGML language.

The standard defines two levels of correctness for an XML document:

· Properly built(English) well-formed). A well-formed document follows all of the general rules of XML syntax that apply to any XML document. And if, for example, the start tag does not have a corresponding end tag, then this incorrectly constructed XML document. A document that is not properly constructed cannot be considered an XML document; The XML processor (parser) should not process it normally and should classify the situation as a fatal error.

· Valid(English) valid). A valid document additionally conforms to certain semantic rules. This is a more stringent additional check of the document’s correctness for compliance with predetermined, but already external rules, in order to minimize the number of errors, for example, the structure and composition of a given, specific document or family of documents. These rules can be developed either by the user themselves or by third-party developers, for example, developers of dictionaries or data exchange standards. Typically, such rules are stored in special files - diagrams, where the structure of the document, all valid names of elements, attributes, and much more are described in detail. And if a document, for example, contains an element name that is not previously defined in the schemas, then the XML document is considered void; When checking for compliance with rules and schemas, the checking XML processor (validator) is obliged (at the user's choice) to report an error.

These two concepts do not have a well-established standardized translation into Russian, especially the concept valid, which can also be translated as valid, legitimate, reliable, fit, or even tested for compliance with rules, standards, laws. Some programmers use established tracing paper in everyday life " Valid».

XML technology. Purpose, scope.

XML is an extensible markup language. Representing a set of general syntactic rules. XML is a text format designed for storing structured data, for exchanging information between programs, as well as for creating more specialized markup languages on its basis (for example, XHTML, HTML). XML is a simplified subset of the SGML language.

The purpose of creating XML was to ensure compatibility when transferring structured data between different information processing systems, especially when transferring such data over the Internet. Dictionaries based on XML (for example, RDF, RSS, MathML, XHTML, SVG) are themselves formally described, which allows you to programmatically modify and check documents based on these dictionaries without knowing their semantics, that is, without knowing the semantic meaning of the elements. An important feature of XML is also the use of so-called namespaces.

XML is a hierarchical structure designed to store any data; visually the structure can be represented as a tree. The most important syntactic requirement is that the document has only one root element. This means that the text must be located between a single start root tag and its corresponding end tag.

We list the most important tasks that the XML platform provides:

Creation of the second generation Web;

Performing the functions of an intermediary language when exchanging data between software systems that possibly implement different technologies, thereby ensuring their interoperability;

Integration of heterogeneous information resources, various data management technologies and applications;

Creation of a new branch of database technologies called XML-based databases;

Along with the use of XML-oriented database technologies for their intended purpose - to manage repositories of XML documents, we can expect that they will find application in solving the problem of the "hidden" Web; thanks to the unity of the data model of XML documents presented on the Web server and in the XML-oriented database accessible through it, it becomes possible to “open” “hidden” information resources of databases for the mechanisms of such Web servers;

Providing tools for new areas of application of the Web, such as e-business, electronic libraries, electronic publications, etc.

The scope of XML platform standards is constantly expanding and covers a range of technologies and standards in both horizontal and vertical areas.

Ajax technology.

AJAX (from the English Asynchronous Javascript and XML - “asynchronous JavaScript and XML”) is an approach to building interactive user interfaces for web applications, which consists of “background” exchange of browser data with the web server. As a result, when updating data, the web page is not completely reloaded, and web applications become faster and more convenient.

Technology

AJAX is not an independent technology, but a concept of using several related technologies. AJAX is based on two main principles:

Using technology for dynamically accessing the server on the fly, without reloading the entire page, for example:

Using XMLHttpRequest(main object);

Through the dynamic creation of child frames;

Through dynamic tag creation.

Using DHTML to dynamically change page content;

The data transfer format is usually JSON or XML.

Advantages

-Saving traffic

Using AJAX can significantly reduce traffic when working with a web application due to the fact that often, instead of loading the entire page, it is enough to load only the changed part, usually quite small.

-Reducing server load

AJAX allows you to slightly reduce the load on the server. For example, on the mail page, when you mark read messages, the server just needs to make changes to the database and send a message to the client script that the operation was successful without having to re-create the page and transfer it to the client.

-Accelerated interface response

Since only the changed part needs to be loaded, the user sees the result of his actions faster.

Flaws

-Lack of integration with standard browser tools

Dynamically created pages are not recorded by the browser in the browsing history, so the back button does not work, giving users the opportunity to return to previously viewed pages, but there are scripts that can solve this problem.

Another disadvantage of changing page content while the URL is constant is that you won't be able to bookmark the desired content. These problems can be partially solved by dynamically changing the fragment identifier (the part of the URL after the #), which many browsers allow.

-Dynamically loaded content is not available to search engines (unless you check the request, whether it is regular or XMLHttpRequest)

Search engines cannot execute JavaScript, so developers must consider alternative ways to access site content.

-Old methods of accounting for website statistics become irrelevant

-Complication of the project

The data processing logic is redistributed - the primary data formatting processes are separated and partially transferred to the client side. This makes it difficult to control the integrity of formats and types. The final effect of the technology may be offset by an unreasonable increase in costs for coding and project management, as well as the risk of reducing the availability of the service for end users.

-Requires JavaScript enabled in the browser

SGML (English: Standard Generalized Markup Language; pronounced [SJM]) is a metalanguage in which you can define a markup language for documents. SGML is the successor to the GML (Generalized Markup Language) developed in 1969 at IBM, which should not be confused with the Geography Markup Language developed by the Open GIS Consortium.

Main parts of the SGML document:

SGML declaration - defines what characters and delimiters can appear in the application;

Document Type Definition - defines the syntax of markup constructs. The DTD may include additional definitions, such as symbolic references;

The semantics specification, which refers to markup, also gives syntax restrictions that cannot be expressed within a DTD;

Contents of the SGML document - at least there must be a root element.

SGML provides a variety of syntactic markup options for use by a variety of applications. By changing the SGML declaration, you can even abandon the use of angle brackets, although this syntax is considered standard, the so-called concrete reference syntax.

Example SGML syntax:

typically something like this

SGML is standardized by ISO: “ISO 8879:1986 Information processing-Text and office systems-Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)”

XML - Extensible Markup Language, that is, Extensible Markup Language, arose as a result of the development of the HTML language (HyperText Markup Language, hypertext markup language). However, it would be a grave mistake to perceive it only as some improved version of the HTML language. In essence, XML is a new generation of markup languages. Here you should keep in mind 3 points that fundamentally distinguish XML from HTML and its predecessors (GML - Generalized Markup Language, SGML - Standard General Markup Language):

XML, unlike HTML, DOES NOT HAVE PRE-DEFINED TAGS - more precisely, each developer can create HIS OWN XML tags - as many as needed. The number of such tags is practically unlimited. Thus, XML is a metalanguage that allows the creation of other markup languages, such as HTML.

As the HTML language evolved, the number of tags increased rapidly. Eventually, their number reached a “critical value” - it became difficult for web document developers to remember more and more new tags, but browser developers found themselves in an even worse position - they had to create new versions of browsers that would “understand” new tags. Smarter browsers are also becoming larger in size and placing ever-increasing demands on the computers on which they are used. The matter is aggravated by the fact that recently handheld devices have become increasingly popular (in particular, they are increasingly used in e-commerce), with limited memory and “weak” screens, and therefore the browsers used on them have only very limited possibilities. XML, which does not have a predefined tag system, solves this problem. The “payment” for versatility is greater rigor in the design of web documents. The rules for formatting XML documents are simple:

Unclosed tag containers are not allowed (but you can combine opening and closing tags in one, for example:
)

"nested" containers cannot "overlap"

lowercase and uppercase letters are treated as different characters

Keywords cannot be used as tag names

You cannot use spaces, punctuation marks, round, square or curly brackets in tag names

The underscore (_) and numbers can appear in tagnames, but a number cannot be the first character of a tagname

(If you need to use several words as a tag name, they should be written together, starting each word with a capital letter.)

Documents that meet these rules are called well-formed documents.

XML is used to DESCRIBE DATA STRUCTURES, mainly HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURES.

One of the main trends in the development of web technologies is the SEPARATION OF DATA, DOCUMENT STRUCTURE AND ITS STYLE DESIGN. As you know, one of the ways to separate data from the document structure is to dynamically link the DBMS with web documents through the ODBC (Open DataBase Connectivity) interface. Style separation is achieved through the use of cascading style sheets. XML allows you to describe non-relational databases. Since tags can be created by the developer, their names usually describe the meaning of the data.

XML, as a means of describing data structure, provides DATA EXCHANGE between different applications, thus acting as a kind of “glue”.

The importance of this XML "glue" function cannot be overstated. Thanks to the ability to exchange data between various applications, web technologies “reach” a whole new level.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is a simple system for creating hypertext documents that are portable from one platform to another. In essence, HTML documents are SGML documents with common semantics that are suitable for representing information in a wide range of applications. HTML can be used to represent:

Hypertext news, mail, documentation and hypermedia

Options menu

Database query results

Simple documents with embedded graphics

And also, for hypertext viewing of existing information arrays

The World Wide Web (WWW) project brings together information scattered around the world. To do this, WWW uses the Internet HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - the HyperText Transfer Protocol, which allows you to enter agreements on the methods of presenting data when interacting between a client and a server.

Data is transmitted in the body of the message in accordance with the MIME standard. HTML is one of the representations of information on the WWW. HTML is assumed to correspond to one of the MIME types, namely text/html. Additionally, HTML is developed in accordance with the International Standard ISO 8879 - Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), which is a system for defining structured document types.

HTML document

An HTML document is similar to a text file, except that some characters (lines) are control characters. These symbols are called tags and define the structure of the document.

HTML documents must start with the tag at the beginning of the file and end with the tag. Between these tags, the HTML document is organized as a HEAD and BODY document, similar to an email message. Inside the HEAD part, the TITLE and other information about the document as a whole are indicated. Inside the BODY part, using HTML tags, the text is structured into paragraphs, lists, etc. with the ability to highlight individual words and entire sentences with a style and create links to parts of this and external documents. Technically, opening and closing tags for HTML, HEAD and BODY elements do not need to be used. However, this is not recommended because the HEAD/BODY structure allows applications to determine document features (such as the header) without scanning the entire document.

Structure of HTML elements

In an HTML document, tags define the beginning and end of headings, paragraphs, lists, character highlighting, and links. Most HTML elements in a document are defined as an opening tag, which specifies the element's name and attributes, then the body of the element, followed by a closing tag. The delimiter characters for the opening tag are ""; for the closing one - "". For example:

This is the title

This is a paragraph.

Some elements appear only as an opening tag. For example, to create a separator line, use the tag
. In addition, the closing tags for some elements (P, LI, DT, DD) may be omitted. The body of an element is a sequence of characters and nested elements. Some elements, such as elements that define links, cannot be nested. In this case, elements defining links and character selections can be placed inside other structures.

Displaying a Document

The specific display of a document may vary from client to client. HTML tags determine only the general display style of the document. Which means, for example, that HTML treats the first-level heading as just a first-level heading, but does not specify that the first-level heading should appear in 24-size Times font, centered at the top of the page. The advantage of this approach is that if the user decides to change the first level heading to Helvetica size 20 left aligned font, all he has to do is change the definition of the first level heading in his WWW viewer. Thus, the specific presentation of the document on the monitor screen is determined by the user of a particular client.

The main strength of HTML is its ability to link areas of text (and also images) to other documents. Viewers highlight these areas (usually with color and/or underlining) to indicate that they are hypertext links. Anchor is a piece of text that marks the beginning and/or end of a hypertext link. The text between the opening and closing tags is the starting point or destination of a hypertext link. The attributes of this tag are as follows: HREF

Optional. If the HREF attribute is present, Anchor is sensitive text: the starting point for the link. If the reader selects this text, he will be presented with another document whose network address was specified in the value of the HREF attribute. The network address format is similar to a URL. This allows the HREF="#identifier" structure to refer to another anchor in the current document, or in a remote document by specifying its address before the "#" sign.

Optional. If present, allows anchor to be used as a link destination. The value of the attribute is the anchor identifier. A regular text string can be used as the identifier value, except that within one document all such identifiers must be unique.

Optional. Allows you to specify the relationship between the document from which the link was made and the document to which the link was made.

All attributes are optional, except that for the tag to be meaningful, either the HREF attribute or the NAME attribute must be present.

Examples of using

...

Specifies the location in the document to which the link will be made

...

vPTYU fPVPFTBU

SGML: YUEN LFP EDSF?

uEZPDOS CHUE YUBEE NPTsOP CHUFTEFYFSH BVVTECHYBFHTH SGML. noPZIE CHYDSCH DPLHNEOFBGYY RPUFBCHMSAFUS CH ZHTNBFE SGML. rPRHMSTOSCHK SJSCHL TBNEFLY Web-UFTBOYG HTML SCHMSEFUS RTYMPTSEOYEN SGML. rPSCHMSEFUS CHUE VPMSHYE RTYLMBDOSH RTPZTBNN DMS TBVPFSCH U SGML: TEDBLFPTSCH, UTEDUFCHB ZHTNBFYTPCHBOYS, UYUFENSCH DPLHNEOFPPVPTPFB, YURPMSHQHAEYE SGML CH LBUEUFCHE ZhPT NBFB ITBOEOYS DPLHNEOFPCH... SGML-RTPDHLFSHCHSHCHRKHULBAF Adobe, Corel, SoftQuad, Microsoft. h SGML ZPFPCHSFUS LOYZY YJDBFEMSHUFCHB O"Reilly, FEIOYUUEULBS DPLHNEOFBGYS IBM, Sun Y OSF. pUOPCHCHBEFUS ABOUT SGML YOZHTNBGYPOOBS FEIOMPMPZYS NOPZYI CHEDHAYI NBYOPUFTPIFEM SHOSHI Y BCHIBLPUNYUEULYI ZHYTN CHUEZP NYTB.

rPSCHYCHYBSUS CH OBYUBME CHPUSHNYDEUSFSHCHI SGML-FEIOPMPZYS RETETSYCHBEF UEKYUBU RETYPD TBUGCHEFB. YuFP LFP FBLPE? YuFP POB DBEF UCHPYN RPMSHЪPCHBFEMSN? lBL U OEK TBVPFBFS? ABOUT BFI Y DTHZIE CHPRPTUSCH S RSHCHFBAUSH PFCHEFIFSH LFPC UFBFSHEK.

UPDETSBOYE

lBL WITH OBVTEM ABOUT SGML-FEIOPMPZYA

CHUE OBYUBMPUSH YOFTBOEFB. lFP NPDOPE UMPChP PBOBYUBMP DMS NEOS ABOUT RTBLFYLE FP, YuFP DPLHNEOFSHCH, LPFPTSCHE S TEZKHMSTOP RYUBM RP TPDH UCHPEK DESFEMSHOPUFY, UVBMP NPTsOP Y OHTsOP DEMBFSH DPUFKHROSHCHNY "online". dP UYI RPT S RTPUFP OBVYTBM DPLKHNEOFSHCH T E X-e Y REYUBFBM YI ABOUT VKHNBZE. YDES DHVMYTPCHBFSH YI CH HTML CHTHYUOHA PFRBMB UTBH: OENEDMEOOOP CHPJOILMB VSC RTPVMENB UYOITPOYBGYY VKHNBTSOPK Y BMELFTPOOPK CHETUIK PDOPZP Y FPZP TSE DPLHNEOFB.

b CHULPTE RPFTEVPCHBMPUSH RETYPDYUEULBS RETEDBYUB DPLHNEOPCH RPUFPTPOOYN MADSN CH LMELFTPOOPC ZHTNE, YFP, RP UMPTSYCHYEKUS X OBU RTBLFYLE, POBYUBEF -- CH ZHTNBFE Microsoft Word. tBVPFBFSH Y MS Word X NEOS RP TSDH RTYUYO OE VSHMP OYLBLPZP TSEMBOYS, L FPNH TSE LFP FPMSHLP KHUHZHVYMP VSC RTPVMENKH UYOITPOYBGYY CHETUIK.

ъOBYUIF, OHTsOP VSHMP RTDKHNBFSH URPUPV BCHFPNBFYUEULPZP RTEPVTBBPCHBOYS OBVYTBENSHHI DPLKHNEOPCH CH TBMYUOSHE ZHTNBFSH: T E X-a -- DMS REYUBFY ABOUT VKHNBZE, HTML -- DMS RPNEEEOOS ABOUT WWW ACCOUNTING, Word -- DMS PVNEOB U TBVPFBAEYNYH Windows. lTPNE FPZP, NOE IPFEMPUSH, YUFPVSH FBLPE UTEDUFChP PFCHEYUBMP EEE TSDH FTEVPCHBOYK:

VShchFSH NPDKHMSHOSCHN, YuFPVSH NPTsOP VSCHMP RTY OEPVIPDYNPUFY MEZLP DPVBCHMSFSH OPCHSHCHESCHSHCHIPDOSH ZHTNBFSH YMY YYNEOSFSH BMZPTYFNSCH RTEPVTBPBCHBOYS CH UKHEEUFCHHAEYE;
VShchFSH PFLTSCHFSHCHN, VEURMBFOSHCHN, LBL NPTsOP NEOSHYE RTYCHSBOOSHCHN L LPOLTEFOSCHN RTPZTBNNBN;
VShchFSH NPVYMSHOSHCHN: TBVPFBFSH, LBL NYOINKHN, ABOUT TBOSCH UNIX-RMBFZhPTNBI;
VSHFSH MEZLP TKHUIZHYYTHENSHN.

RETCHSHCHN, YuFP RPRBMPUSHNOE RPD THLH RPUME RPIPDB ABOUT Altavista, PLBBBMUS RBLEF RPD OBCHBOYEN linuxdoc-sgml. po LBL TBY RTEDOBOBYUBMUS DMS ZEOETBGYY HTML, T E X Y RTF YЪ PDOPZP CHIPDOZP ZhBKMB. yYTPL YURPMSHKHENSHCHK CH TBNLBI Linux Documentation Project, BY YURPMSHЪPCHBM CH LBYUEUFCHE CHIPDOZP ZHTNBFB OEBOBLPNSCHKNOE DP UYI RPT SJSHL SGML. chRTPYUEN, OYUEZP UMPTsOPZP CH OEN OE PLBBBMPUSH -- BY CHEUSHNB OBRPNIOBM OBLPNSCHKNOE HTML Y CHSHZMSDEM CHRPMOYE RPOSPHOP. chPF, L RTYNETH, LHUPYUEL SGML-DPLHNEOFB:

The Structure of a TEI Text

All TEI-conformant texts contain a TEI header (marked up as a teiHeader element) and the transcription of the text proper (marked up as a text element).

DMS FPZP, YuFPVSH OBYUBFSH ABOUT LFPN RYUBFSH, RPFTEVPPCHBMPUSH CHUEZP MYYSH OBRPNOYFSH OEULPMSHLP PUOPCHOSHI BMENEOFPCH TBNEFLY, OBRTYNET, YuFP

OBYUBEF OBYUBMP RBTBZTBZHB, -- OBYUBMP RETEYUYUMEOYS Y F.R.

oBVTBOOSCHK CH SGML FELUF DBMEE ЪBRHULPN PDOPZP ZHYMSHFTB RTEPVTBKHEFUS CH HTML, DTHZPZP -- CH T E X, FTEFSHEZP -- CH RTF, Y FBL DBMEE.

YuFP FBLPE SGML Y YuEN ON IPTPY FETNYOPMPZYS

GML ( Generalized Markup Language) TTBTBVPFBO CH OEDTBI CHEDEUHEEK LPTRPTBGYY IBM. EZP OBUMEDOIL SGML ( Standard Generalized Markup Language) RTYOSF CH 1986 ZPDH CH LBYUEUFCHE NETSDHOBTPDOPZP UFBODBTTFB DMS PRTEDEMEOYS OEBCHYUYNSHI PF KHUFTPKUFCH CHCHPDB/CHSHCHPDB, OEBCHYUYNSHI PF CHCHYUYUMYFEMSHOPK UTEDSH NEFPDPH RTEDUFBCH MEOYS FELUFPCH H BMELFTPOOPK ZHTNE. vPMEE FPYOP, SGML -- LFP NEFBSJL, FP EUFSH UTEDUFCHP ZHTNBMSHOPZP PRYUBOYS SJSHLB, CH DBOOPN UMHYUBE, SJSCHLB TBNEFLY .

yUFPTYYUEULY UMPChP TBNEFLB YURPMSHЪPCHBMPUSH DMS PRYUBOYK BOOPFBGYK YMY DTHZYI PVPOBYOOYK CHOKHFTY FELUFB, RTEDOBOBYOOOSHI DMS KHLBBOYK UPUFBCHYFEMA YMY "CHETUFBMSHAILH" FPZP, LBL YNEO OP LPOLTEFOPE NEUFP DPMTSOP VSHFSH OBREYUBFBOP YMY ACCOUNTING FBOP. rTYNETSH CHLMAYUBAF RPDYUETLYCHBOYE CHPMOYUFPK YuETFPK, PVPOBYUBAEE LHTUYCH, UREGYBMSHOSHE OBYULY DMS RTPRKHULB ZHTB YMY YI REYUBFY LPOLTEFOSCHN YTYZhFPN, Y FBL DBMEE. lPZDB ZHTNBFYTPCHBOYE Y REYUBFSH FELUFPCH UFBMY BCHFPNBFYYTPCHBOOSCHNY, LFPF FETNYO UVBM PICHBFSHCHBFSH CHUE CHYDSCH UREGYBMSHOSHI LPDPCH TBNEFLY, CHUFBCHMSENSHI CH BMELFTPOOSCH FELUFSCH DMS HRTBCHMEOYS ZHTNBFYTPCHBOYEN, REYUBFSHHA YMY DTHZPK PVTBVPFLPK.

pVPVEBS, TBNEFLH, YMY LPDYTPCHLH, PRTEDEMSAF LBL MAVPE UTEDUFCHP UDEMBFSH SCHOSCHN YOFETRTEFBGYA FELUFB. ABOUT VBOBMSHOPN HTPCHOE CHUE OBREYUBFBOOSCH FELUFSCH LPDYTPCHBOSH CH LFPN UNSHUME: OBLY RTERYOBOYS, YURPMSHЪPCHBOYE ЪБЗМБЧОСЧИ ВХЛЧ, TBURMPTSEOYE VХЛЧ RP UFTBOYGE, DBCE YOFET CHBMSH NETSDH UMPCHBNY NPTsOP UYUYFBFSH CH LBLPK-FP UFEREOY TBNEFLPK, JHOLGYS LPFPTPK -- RPNPYUSH YUEMPCHELH, YUYFBAEENKH FELUF, PRTEDEMYFSH, ZDE LPOYUBEFUS PDOP UMPChP Y OBUYOBEFUS DTHZPE, YMY LBL YDEOFYZHYGYTPCHBFSH PUPVEOOPUFY UFTHLFHTSCH, FBLYE LBL ЪBZPMPCHLY, YMY RTPUFSCHE UYOFBLYUYUEULYE EDYOYGB CHTPDE RPDYUYEO OSCHI RTEDMPTSEOYK. lPDYTPCHBOYE FELUFB DMS LPNRSHAFETOPK PVTBVPFLY, CH RTYOGYRE, LBL TBUYYZHTPCHLB NBOKHULTYRFB U RETZBNEOFB, -- RTPGEUU DEMBOYS SCHOSCHN OESCHOPZP YMY RPDTBHNECHBENPZP, RTP GEUU KHLBBOYS RPMSHЪPCHBFEMA FPZP, LBL DPMTSOP YOFETRTEFYTPCHBFSHUS UPDETSINPE FELUFB.

rPD SЪSHLPN TBNEFLY RPOINBAF OBVPT UPZMBYEOYK P TBNEFLE, RTYNEOSENSHI DMS LPDYTPCHBOYS FELUFPCH. with YUYF. SGML RTEDPUFBCHMSEF TEYEOYS DMS RETCHSCHI FTEI ЪBDБУ, PFDEMSHOBS DPLHNEOFBGYS PVSHYUOP OEPVIPDYNB DMS RPUMEDOEK.

pUPVEOOPUFY SGML

fTY IBTBLFETYUFYLY SGML PFMYUBAF EZP PF RTPYUYI SSHCHLPCH TBNEFLY.

prYUBFEMSHOBS TBNEFLB

uYUFENB U PRYUBFEMSHOPK TBNEFLPK YURPMSHЪHEF LPDSCH TBNEFLY, LPFPTSHCHE RTPUFP RTEDPUFBCHMSAF OBCHBOYS DMS LBFEZPTYBGYY YUBUFEK DPLHNEOFB. LDSH TBNEFLY, FBLYE LBL YMY \end(list) , RTPUFP YDEOFYZHYTHAF RPTGYA DPLHNEOFB Y KHFCHETTSDBAF, YuFP "POB SCHMSEFUS RBTBZTBZHPN", YMY YuFP "LFP - LPOEG RPUMEDOIN OB" YuBFPZP URYULB" Y F.R. U DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, UYUFENB U RTPGEDHTOPK TBNEFLPK PRTEDEMSEF, LBLBS PVTBVPFLB DPMTSOB CHSHRPMOSFSHUS CH LPOLTEFOPK FPYULE DPLHNEOFB: "CH LFPN NEUFE CHSHCHBFSH RTPGEDHTH PARA U RBTBNEFTBNY 1, b Y x", YMY "RETEDCHYOKHFSH MECHHA ZTBOYGKH ABOUT 2NN MECHEE, RTBCHHA ZTBOYGH -- ABOUT 2NN RTBCHEE, RTPRKHUFYFSH PDOKH UFTPLH Y CHUFBFSH ABOUT OPCHHA MECHHA ZTBOYGKH" Y F.R. h SGML YOUFTHLGYY, OEPVIPDYNSCHE DMS PVTBVPFLY DPLHNEOFB U LBLPK-MYVP LPOLTEFOPK GEMSHA (OBRTYNET, DMS ZHTNBFYTPCHBOYS), YuEFLP PFDEMSAFUS PF PRYUBFEMSHOPK TBNEFLY, FPTBS CHUFTEYUBEFUS CHOKHFTY DPLHNEOFB. pVSHYUOP POY UPVTBOSH CHOE DPLHNEOFB CH PFDEMSHOSHI RTPPGEDKHTBI YMY RTPZTBNNBI.

u PRYUBFEMSHOPK, B OE RTPGEDHTOPK, TBNEFLPK PDYO Y FPF TSE DPLHNEOF NPTsEF VSHFSH PVTBVPFBO TBOPPVTBOSCHNY RTPZTBNNBNY, LBTsDBS YJ LPFPTSCHI NPTsEF RTYNEOSFSH T BMYYUOSCHE YOUFTHLGYY PVTBVPFLY L FEN EZP YUBUFSN, LPFPTSHCHE POB UYYFBEF CHBTTSOSCHNY. OBRTYNET, RTPZTBNNB BOBMYJB UPDETSYNPZP NPTSEF RPMOPUFSHA YZOPTYTPCHBFSH UPULY, FPZDB LBL RTPZTBNNB ZHTNBFYTPCHBOYS NPTSEF YICHMELBFSH Y UPVYTBFSH YI DMS RE YUBFSH CH LPOGE LBTSDPK YUBUFY. TBMYUOSCHYODSH YOUFTHLGYK PVTBVPFLY NPZHF BUUPGYYTPCHBFSHUS U PDOPC Y FPK TSE YUBUFSHA ZHBKMB. OBRTYNET, PDOB RTPZTBNNB NPTSEF YICHMELBFSH YJ DPLHNEOFB ZHBNYMYY MADEK Y ZEPZTBZHYUEULYE OBCHBOYS DMS UP'DBOYS YODELUB YMY VBSHCH DBOSHI, FPZDB LBL DTHZBS , PVTBVBFSHCHCHBAEBS FPF CE UBNSCHK FELUF, NPTsEF REYUBFBFSH ZHBNYMYYY OBCHBOYS PFMYUBAEINUS YTYZhFPN.

fYRSH DPLHNEOFPCH

SGML CHCHPDYF RPOSFYE FYRB DPLHNEOFB,Y,UPPFCHEFFUFCHOOOP, PRTEDEMEOYS FYRB DPLHNEOFB (document type definition, DTD). dPLKHNEOFSH UYYFBAFUS FYRYYTPCHBOOSCHNY, FBL CE, LBL Y DTHZIE PVTBVBFSCHBENSHCHEN LPNRSHAFETBNY PVYAELFSHCH. fYR DPLHNEOFB ZHTNBMSHOP PRTEDEMSEFUS EZP UPUFBCHOSCHNY YUBUFSNY YI UFTHLFKHTPC. PRTEDEMEOYE, OBRTYNET, PFUEFB NPTSEF VSHFSH FBLYN, YuFP PO UPUFPYF YЪBZPMPCHLB Y, CHPNPTSOP, BCHFPTB, JB LPFPTSCHNY UMEDHEF BOOPFBGYS Y RPUMEDPCHBFEMSHOPUFSH PDOPZ P YMY VPMEE BVBGECH. mAVPK DPLHNEOF CH PFUKHFUFCHYE ЪBZPMPCHLB, CH UPPFCHEFUFCHYY U LFYN ZHTNBMSHOSHCHN PRTEDEMEOYEN, OE VKhDEF ZhPTNBMSHOP SCHMSFSHUS PFYUEFPN, FBL TSE LBL OE VKhDEF YN SCHMSFSHUS Y RPUMEDPCHBFEMSHOPUFSH BVBGECH, JB LPFPTPK UMEDHEF BOOPFBGYS, OECHYTBS ABOUT FP, OBULPMSHLP RPIPTS ABOUT PFUEF FBLPK DPLHNEOF U FPYULY ЪTEOYS YUFBFEMS- YUEMPCHELB.

rPULPMSHLH DPLKHNEOFSH PFOPUSFUS L YYCHEUFOSCHN FYRBN, NPTsOP YURPMSHЪPCHBFSH UREGYBMSHOKHA RTPZTBNNH, OBSCHCHBENKHA BOBMYBFPTPPN (parser), DMS FPZP, YUFPVSH PVTBVPFBFSH DPLHNEOF, KHFCHETTSDBAEIK, UFP PO PFOPUIFUS L LPOLTEFOPNH FYRH, Y RTPCHETYFSH, DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP MY CHUE BMENEOFSH, FTEVKHENSHCHE DMS DBOOPZP FYRB NEOFPCH, RTYUHFUFCHHAF Y OBIPDSFUS CH RTBCHYMSHOPK RPUMEDPCHBFEMSHOPUFY. YuFP EEE VPMEE CHBTsOP, TBOSCH DPLHNEOFSH PDOPZP FYRB NPZHF PVTBVBFSHCHBFSHUS KHOIZHYGYTPCHBOOSCHN PVTBBPN. nPTsOP RYUBFSH VPMEE YOFEMMELPHBMSHOSCH RTPZTBNNSHCH, YURPMSHQHAEYE OBBOYS, ЪBLMAYUEOOSCH YOZHTNBGYPOOPK UFTHLFHTE DPLHNEOFB.

oEBCHYUINPUFSH DBOOSCHI

PUOPCHOBS GESH RTPELFYTPCHBOYS SGML VSHMB CH UPJDBOY ZBTBOFYK FPZP, YuFP DPLHNEOF, UBBLPDYTPCHBOOSCHK UPZMBUOP EZP RPMPTSEOYSN, VKDEF RETEOPUYNSCHN U PDOPK BRRBTBFOPK Y RTPZTBNNOPK UTEDSH CH DTHZHA VE' RPFETY YOZHPTNBGYY. dChB EZP UCHPKUFCHB, PRYUBOOSCHI CHCHYE, PFCHEYUBAF LFPNH FTEVPCHBOYA ABOUT BVUFTBLFOPN HTPCHOE; FTEFSHE UCHPKUFChP -- ABOUT HTPCHOE UFTPYUEL VBKFPCH (UYNCHPMPCH), LPFPTSHCHE UPUFBCHMSAF DPLHNEOF. SGML RTEDPUFBCHMSEF PVPVEOOOSCHK NEIBOIN UFTPLPChPK RPDUFBOPCHLY, FP EUFSH, RTPUFPK NBYOOP-OEEBCHYUYNSCHK URPUPV KHLBBOYS, YuFP LPOLTEFOBS UFTPLB UYNCHPMPCH CH DPLKHNEOFE CH NPNEOF PVTBVPFLY DPLKHNEOFB DPMTSOB ЪBNEOSFSHUS ABOUT OELPFPTKH A DTHZHA UFTPLH. pDOP PYUECHYDOPE RTYNEOOYE LFPNH NEIBOINH -- PVEUREYOOYE EDYOPK FETNYOPMPZYY; DTHZPE, Y VPMEE OBYUYFEMSHOPE, -- RTPFPYCHPDEKUFCHYE YJCHEUFOPK OEURPUPVOPUFY TBOSHI LPNRSHAFETOSHHI UYUFEN RPOINBFSH OBVPTSCH UYNCHPMPCH DTHZ DTHZB, OBRTYNET, PDOPK UYUFEN RTEDUFBCHMSFSH CHUE ZTBZHYUEULYE UYNCHPMSCH, OEPVIPDYNSCHE RTYMPTSEOYA, RHFEN PRYUBFEMSHOPZP PFPVTBTTSEOYS OERETEDDBCHBENSHI UYNCHPMPCH. uFTPLY, PRTEDEMSENSCHE LFYN NEIBOYNPN, OBSCCHBAFUS UHEOPUFSNY(entities).

p RTEINHEEUFCHBI

YuFP DBEF YURPMSHЪPCHBOYE SGML CH TEBMSHOPK QYYOY? noe POP UTBKH DBMP CHPNPTSOPUFSH RTPYCHPDYFSH DPLKHNEOFSHCH MAVPN FTEVKHENPN CHYDE. xDPVOP PLBBBMPUSH Y OBRYUBOYE "ChPTDPCHSHCHI" VHNBTSEL CH RTYCHSHYUOPK UTEDE XEmacs VEЪ YURPMSHЪPCHBOYS Windows. CHUE YURPMSHЪPCHBOOSCH RTPZTBNNNSCH -- VEURMBFOSCH Y TBURTPUFTBOSAFUS CH YUIPDOSHI FELUFBI, YuFP RPЪCHPMYMP KHUFBOPCHYFSH YI ABOUT CHUEI YURPMSHKHENSHI NOK UYUFENBI. rTYUEN PLBBMPUSH, YuFP OBYUBFSH TBVPFBFSH U SGML CHCHUE OE UMPTsOP, LBTSDSCHK, LFP IPFSH TB TEDBLFYTPCHBM WWW UFTBOYULH, OE YURKHZBEFUS CHYDB LPOUFTHLGYK SGML.

rPFPN HCE, RP NETE RPUFEREOOPZP YHYUEOYS SGML, S PUPOBBM, YuFP LFB FEIOILB DBEF ZTPNBDOPE LPMYUEUFChP CHPNPTsOPUFEK RP UTBCHOOYA U FYRYUOPK "OBUFPMSHOPK FYRPZTBZH YEK":

rTPDHLFYCHOPUFSH YuEFLP TBDEMEOOOSCH RTPGEUUSH CHCHPDB YOZHPTNBGYY Y EE ZHTNBFYTPCHBOYS RPCHPMSAF BCHFPTKH UPUTEDPFPYYFSHUS ABOUT YIMPTSEOY NSHUMEK, OE PFCHMELBSUSH ABOUT D CHYZBOYE FELUFB RP LBOH Y RPDVPT UFYMEK.

edYOBS UFYMYUFYLB MEZLP CHSHCHDETTSYCHBFSH TBMYUOSCH DPLHNEOFSHCH EDYOPN UFYME, YURPMSHЪHS EDYOHA FETNYOPMPZYA. eUMY UFYMSH YMY FETNYOSCH OKHTsOP YЪNEOIFSH, LFP DEMBEFUS TBBPN PE CHUEI DPLHNEOFBI, OE FTPZBS YI UPDETSINPE.

rPCHFPTOPE YURPMSH'PCHBOYE yFPF FETNYO, IPTPYP OBLPNSCHK RTPZTBNNNYUFBN, POBYUBEF OBMYUYE CHNPTSOPUFY YURPMSH'PCHBFSH DEFBMY UFBTSCHI RTPELFPCH CH OPCHSHCHI, NIOINBMSHOSCHNY YYNEOOOSNY. yuBUFSH DPLHNEOFB, PZHTTNMEOOBS CH CHYDE SGML-BMENEOFB, NPTsEF RETEOPUIFSHUS CH DTHZIE DPLHNEOFSHCH, MEZLP RPCHFPTSFSHUS CH TBOSHI NEUFBI FELUFB.

dPMZPCHYUOPUFSH YOZHPTNBGYY yЪ-ЪB FPZP, YuFP SGML -- RTPUFPK Y UFBODBTFOSCHK ZHTNBF ITBOEOYS DBOOSHI, PFUHFUFCHHEF OEPVIPDYNPUFSH RETEZHPTNBFYTPCHBFSH YI CHCHYDH BTECHBOYS BRRBTBFOPK YMY RTPZTBNNOPK RMBFZHTNSCH. yOZhPTNBGYS RTPUFP DPUFHROB OCHUEZDB. pOB OUEEF U UPVPK CHUE OEPVIPDYNPE DMS UPJDBOYS DPLHNEOFB.

mHYUYEEE HRTBCHMEOYE DBOOSCHNYY SGML NPTsOP PRTEDEMSFSH YOZHPTNBGYPOOSCH BMENEOFSH Y NBOIRKHMSGYY U OINY U RTPYCHPMSHOPK UFEREOSHA DEFBMSHOPUFY. TBNEYOOOSCH BMENEOFSH NPZHF YNEFSH BFTYVKhFSH, PRTEDEMSAEYE IBTBLFETYUFYYY UCHPKUFCHB BMENEOFPCH. bFB YOZHPTNBGYS OE RTEDOBOBYEOB DMS REYUBFY, OP NPTSEF RPNPYUSH HRTBCHMEOYY BMENEOFBNY DBOOSCHI. OBRTYNET, BFTYVHF ID (YDEOFYZHYLBFPT) NPTSEF HOILBMSHOSCHN PVTBBPN YDEOFYZHYYTPCHBFSH PDYO BVBBG, YMY GEMSHCHK TBDEM, RTYNEYUBOIE, YMMAUFTBGYA, ЪBDBOYE, -- MAVPK BMENEOF, LBL CH LFPN RTYNETE:

yOZhPTNBGYS

fBL LBL YDEOFYZHYLBFPTSCH SCHMSAFUS NBYOOP-YUYFBENSCHNY, POY NPZHF UCHSCHCHBFSH NETSDH UPVPK YOZHPTNBGYA Y YURPMSHЪPCHBFSHUS DMS TBOPPVTBOPZP KHRTBCHMEOYS EK. ABOUT:

lPOFTPMYTPCHBFSH VE'PRBUOPUFSH DPUFHRB L YOZHPTNBGYY, RPJCHPMSS FPMSHLP PRTEDEMEOOSCHN MADSN RTPUNBFTYCHBFSH YMY YNEOSFSH EE.
bChFPNBFYYTPCHBFSH RETENEEEOOYE YOZHPTNBGYY -- OBRTYNET, PVPCHMEOYE DBOOSCHI CH PDOPN NEUFE NPTSEF YOYGYTPCHBFSH PVOPCHMEOYE FPK TSE YOZHPTNBGYY CH DTHZYI RTYMPTSEOYSI.

TBDEMSENPUFSH CHPNPTSOPUFSH TBVPFSCH UP UFTKHLFKHTYTPCHBOOSCHNY LPNRPEOFBNY DPLKHNEOFB RPJCHPMSEF UFTPYFSH GEMSHCHK DPLKHNEOF YI UPUFBCHOSHI YUBUFEK, TBVTPUBOOSCHI RP PTZ BOYBGYY. lFP RPЪCHPMSEF RPMSHЪPCHBFEMSN DEMYFSHUS YOZHPTNBGYEK VEYE DHVMYTPCHBOYS.

nPVYMSHOPUFSH YOZHPTNBGYPOOSHI UEFSI, PVAEDYOSAEYI TBOPPVTBOSHE LPNRSHAFETSCH, PRETBGYPOOSHE UYUFENSH Y RTYMPTSEOYS, NPVYMSHOPUFSH UFBOPCHYFUS LMAYUPN LP CHUEPVEEK DPU PHROPUFY YOZHPTNBGYY. rPULPMSHLH SGML OE ЪBCHYUYF PF BRRBTBFHTSCH Y RTYMPTSEOYK, NPTsOP MEZLP PVNEOYCHBFSHUS DPLHNEOFBNY NETSDKH TBMYUOSCHNY UYUFENBNY.

ZYVLPUFSH H RTYMPTSEOYY SGML RPЪCHPMSEF YURPMSHЪPCHBFSH YOZHPTNBGYA DBMELP ЪB TBNLBNY "OBUFPMSHOPK FYRPZTBZHYY". ABOUT:

UFTBOYGSCH WWW;
YOZHPTNBGYPOOSHE VBSHCH DBOOSCHI;
DYBZOPUFYUEULYE / LURETFOSCHE UYUFENSCH;
LMELFTPOOBS RPYUFB;
ZYRETFELUFPCHBS DPLHNEOFBGYS;
RHWMYLBYY ABOUT CD-ROM;
YOFETBLFYCHOSHE LMELFTPOOSHE NBOHBMSHCH.

rPYENH SGML?

rPYENH OE Word? rPFPNKH, YuFP LFP ЪBLTSCHFSHCHK ZHTNBF. rPFPNH, YuFP LFP ZhPTNBF PDOPZP RTYMPTSEOYS. rPFPNH, YuFP bFPZP RTYMPTSEOYS OEF RPD AOILUBNY, U LPFPTSCHNY S TBVPFBA. rPFPNKH, YuFP LFP OE FELUFPCHSHCHK ZHTNBF. rPFPNH, YuFP OEF UTEDUFCH BChFPNBFYUEULPK ZEOETBGYY FBLYI DPLHNEOFPCH. rPFPNH, YuFP OEF FPMLPCHSCHI UTEDUFCH HRTBCHMEOYS CHETUISNY Y LPMMELFYCHOPK TBVPFSHCH. rPFPNH, YuFP LFP ZhPTNBF TBNEFLY REYUBFY, B OE UNSHUMPCHPK UFTHLFKhTSCH, Y OEF CHNPTSOPUFY YI UPPFOPUYFSH. rPFPNH, YuFP RTY LURPTFFE RPMHYUBEFUS UPCHETYYOOOP OEHDPCHMEFCHPTYFEMSHOSHCHK HTML. rPFPNH, YuFP LBYUEUFChP CHETUFLY Y REYUBFY OJCE UTEDODOEZP.

rPYENH OE T E X? rPFPNKH, YuFP LFP UMYILPN OYLPHTPCHOECHSHCHK SJSHL. EZP OE DBYSH CH THLY OBUYOBAYENKH. rPFPNH, YuFP LFP ZhPTNBF TBNEFLY REYUBFY, B OE UNSHUMPCHPK UFTHHLFKhTSCH . rPFPNKH, YuFP NBMP T E X-PTYEOFYTPCHBOOSCHI TEDBLFPTPCH. rPFPNH, YuFP OEF KHDCHMEFCHPTYFEMSHOSHHI UTEDUFCH LURPTFB H Word.

rPYENH OE HTML? rPFPNKH, YuFP UBNP RPOSFYE HTML UYMSHOP TBBNSHFP ZPOLPK WWW ЪБ LPNNETGYEK Y CHPKOK RTPYCHPDYFEMEC VTBHJETPCH DTHZ U DTHZPN. rPFPNH, YuFP HTML UFTBDBEF CHUE FEN TSE OEDPUFBFLPN: PTYEOFYTPCHBO ABOUT RTEDUFBCHMEOYE, B OE ABOUT UFTHLFHTH. rPFPNKH, YuFP PO PUEOSH VEDEO CHSTBIFEMSHOSHNY UTEDUFCHBNY, Y PFUKHFUFCHHAF CHNPTSOPUFY EZP TBUYYTEOYS. rPFPNH, YuFP OE TEYOB RTPVMENB LPTTELFOPK TKHUIZHYLBGYY. rPFPNH, YuFP OEF KHDCHMEFCHPTYFEMSHOSHHI UTEDUFCH LURPTFB H Word.

SGML RTPFPYCH WYSIWYG

dMS FAIRIES, LFP RTYCHSHL RPMSHЪPCHBFSHUS FPMSHLP "word processor"-BNY, OBRTYNET, MS Word YMY WordPerfect, NPTsEF VSHCHFSH YOFETEUOP UPRPUFBCHMEOYE YI U SGML YOUFTHNEOFBNY. Fe ven Ztkhrrsch RTPZTBNESHSHNA DEDUFCH, OEUNPFTS on WIPCEUFSH Teybenshchi Kommersantbu - RTPYCHPDUFCHP DPLHNEOFPCH - Cheushnb DHZD DHUZB PFMYYUBAFUS RP Btifelefhy Zholgysn.

Word processor -- LFP YOFEMMELPHHBMSHOBS RYYHEBS NBYYOLB. ON PTYEOFYTPCHBO ABOUT TBVPFH U CHYHBMSHOSCHN RTEDUFBCHMEOYEN FELUFB, IBTBLFETYYHAEEZPUS OBVPTPN UFYMEK: UFYMEK UINCHPMPCH (YTYZhF, LEZMSH, OBUETFBOYE), BVBGECH (LTBUOB S UFTPLB, CHSTBCHOYCHBOYE, RPMPTSEOYE RP YYTYOE UFTBOYGSHCH), UFTBOYG (LPMPOFYFKHMSHCH, UOPULY), TBDEMPCH Y DPLHNEOPCH (ZHTNBF VKHNBZY, PZMBCHMEOYE), Y RTPYUYI. Word processor OE TBVPFBEF U CHOKHFTEOOEK UFTKHLFKHTPK DPLKHNEOFB.

SGML TEDBLFPT, OBRTPFYCH, PTYEOFYTPCHBO ABOUT TBVPFH U UPDETTSYNSCHN DPLHNEOFB. dMS SGML TEDBLFPTB, OBRTYNET, TBDEM -- LFP BMENEOF, CH LPFPTSCHK NPZHF CHLMAYUBFSHUS RPDTBBDEMSH, BOE RTPNETSKHFPL PF PDOPZP BVBGB, OBVTBOOPZP UFYMEN "bZPMPCHPL" DP ZPZP, LBL VHI word processor-a.

ьФП РПЪЧПМСЭФ БЧФПТХ UPUTEDPFPYUFSHUS ABOUT UPDETSBOY FELUFB, BOE CHPJIFSHUS U EZP ZHTNBFYTPCHBOYEN Y CHSHCHVPTPN UFYMEK. chYHBMSHOBS UFYMYUFYLB DPLHNEOFB PRTEDEMSEFUS RTY EZP LURPTFFE CH CHCHPDOSH ZHTNBFSHCH, B OE RTY OBVPTE FELUFB.

p RTPZTBNNOPN PVEUREYUEOOYY

YuFPVSH OBYUBFSH TBVPFBFSH U DPLHNEOFBNY CH SGML RPMSHЪPCHBFEMA OHTSOSCH DCHB PUOPCHOSHI UTEDUFCHB: TEDBLFPT Y UTEDUFCHB LURPTFB (ZHTNBFYTPCHBOYS).

SGML-TEDBLFPT

SGML-TEDBLFPT PFMYUBEFUS LBL PF RTYCHSHCHYUSHI FELUFPCHSCHI TEDBLFPTPCH, FBL Y PF "word processor" -PC. pF RETCHSHCHI -- OBMYUYEN RPDDETSLY UFTHLFHTYTPCHBOOSCHI DPLHNEOPCH, PF CHFPTSCHI -- PFUHFUFCHYEN RPDDETSLY CHYHBMSHOPZP ZHTNBFYTPCHBOYS. TEDBLFPT TBYTBEF DTD TEDBLFYTHENPZP DPLHNEOFB Y "CHEDEF" RPMSHЪPCHBFEMS CH UPPFCHEFUFCHYY U OIN. OBRTYNET, EUMY DTD RTEDKHUNBFTYCHBEF BMENEOF, CH LPFPTPN NPZHF CHUFTEYUBFSHUS FPMSHLP BMENEOFSH YMY, FP RPMSHЪPCHBFEMA, TEDBLFYTHAEENKH BMENEOF, VHDEF RTEDMPTSEOP CHUFBCHYFSH PDYO YFYI DCHHI TBTEOOOSCHI BMENEOFPCH. SGML-TEDBLFPT FBLCE PVSHYUOP UPDETTSYF UTEDUFCHB OBCHYZBGYY RP YETBTIYY DPLHNEOF.

yYYUMB RPRKHMSTOSCHI SGML-TEDBLFPTPCH NPTsOP OBCHBFSH ArborText ADEPT*Editor, SoftQuad Author/Editor, psgml, Adobe FrameMaker+SGML, Corel WordPerfect, Y NOPCEUFChP DTHZYI.

uTEDUFCHB ZHTNBFYTPCHBOYS

uHEEUFCHHEF NOPTSEUFCHP UTEDUFCH TBVPFSCH U SGML FELUFBNY. VOMSHYKHA YI YUBUFSH UPUFBCHMSAF UTEDUFCHB ZHTNBFYTPCHBOYS -- LURPTFB SGML CH DTHZIE ZHTNBFSH DMS REYUBFY, RTPUNPFTB Y F.R. CHSHCHIPDOSH ZHPTNBFSH NPZHF VSCHFSH MAVSHNY, ЪBCHYUS MYYSH PF DPUFKHROPZP RTPZTBNNOPZP PVEUREYUEOYS Y OHTSD RPMSHЪPCHBFEMS. OBRTYNET, S YURPMSHYHA LPOCHETFETSHCH HTML, RTF Y L A T E X.