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Programming from scratch c. How to start learning programming if you are a complete zero

The “Programming” section contains video lessons on creating programs and writing algorithms in various programming languages. Programming is the process of creating and modifying computer programs. This includes designing a program depending on the task, developing algorithms, writing texts in a special programming language, debugging and testing the program, drawing up documentation, configuration, modification and maintenance. A programmer (coder) is a person who writes instructions in a specific programming language according to a given algorithm. An algorithmist is a specialist in a specific subject area, a mathematician who develops algorithms. These online lessons will be useful for both a novice user and a more experienced programmer. You can watch all online lessons from this section completely free of charge. Some of them come with additional materials that you can download. Enjoy your learning!

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PHP - Programming course for beginners (local server, language basics)

In this video lesson you will learn the basics of the PHP programming language, working with variables, arrays, conditions, loops and much more. The introductory part of this PHP course talks about the history of the language and how websites work on the Internet. The course is designed to teach programming in PHP from scratch and for those who want to learn how to create websites with their own hands, but do not know where to start. This lesson will give you the foundation you need to learn PHP. To get started you...

Authorization on a PHP website using sessions, user registration script with password encryption

One of the most necessary functionality for a modern website is user registration and authorization. In this video tutorial you will learn how to create a user registration and authorization form for your website using PHP and MySQL. In this case, passwords will be stored in the database in encrypted form, and the authorization process will be implemented using sessions. Storing passwords in encrypted form will prevent them from being used by attackers, even if they gain access to the database...

Creating a website yourself from scratch using PHP+SQL

In this video tutorial you will learn how to create a simple blog in PHP. This is the final part of the course on learning PHP + MySQL from scratch. In the first part of the lesson, we will quickly show how to create a website template. This relates more to the appearance of the site, i.e. to the layout, so there will be no details here. Website layout should be studied in other courses that focus on working with HTML and CSS. In the second part of this video lesson, working with PHP and MySQL will be discussed in more detail...

PHP + MySQL - Learning programming from scratch (phpMyAdmin, tables, queries)

It describes how to work with the database management system - the MySQL DBMS, the phpMyAdmin utility, which allows you to easily manage databases and tables. You will also learn how to work with MySQL using PHP, namely how to connect to the database with a login and password, as well as how to correctly write queries to the database to obtain the necessary data from specific tables. Using database queries, you can also add new records to tables, as well as...

Learning to program on 1C 8 from scratch. Basics of working with modules

This online lesson describes the principle of operation of the 1C Enterprise 8.2 system modules, teaching 1C programming from scratch. Here we will talk about what modules are available in the 1C 8.2 system, we will talk in detail about their features and the properties that are available in the settings. The 1C Enterprise system has the following modules. Managed Application Module - Triggered when logging into the system in Managed Application mode (Web mode). Session module - runs on the server side and...

SQL programming for beginners. MS SQL Server Express database queries

Video lesson “SQL programming for beginners. MS SQL Server Express Database Queries" covers the question of how to install the software needed to learn SQL programming, how to create a new database, how to add and populate a table, and how to retrieve data through an SQL query. We will be working on a free edition from Microsoft - MS SQL Server Express, which is ideal for learning to work with databases, as well as for creating small...

Delphi for beginners. Delphi XE3 programming environment

It talks about the basics of programming in Delphi, training for beginners. In this video tutorial we will get acquainted with the Delphi XE3 development environment, study its interface and create a simple program in it. To get started, you need to create a new project. This can be done through the File - New menu. As a result, we have an empty form of the future program. Now we can place on this form various buttons, fields for data entry and other components that are included in...

Java programming for beginners. Eclipse development environment

This video explains what the Java programming language is and what software we will need to learn Java. The basic principle of this programming language is that once written, it works everywhere! Java was originally created to control consumer electronic devices, then it was used to create Internet applications. Java is an object-oriented programming language that is independent of computer architecture. Java source code...

PHP programming for beginners. Denwer installation, echo function

Lesson “PHP programming for beginners. Installing Denwer, echo function" is devoted to the issue of installing the environment necessary for learning the PHP programming language and testing its operation using the example of using the simplest echo command, which is intended for text output. Denwer is a set of software for web developers that is fairly easy to install and contains everything you need to run PHP, MySQL, etc. You can download the latest version of Denver for free...

If you have high-quality video lessons that are not on our website, then you can add them to our collection. To do this, you need to upload them to a video hosting site (for example, YouTube) and add the video code to the form for adding lessons. The ability to add your own materials is available only to registered users.

1. On your own

If you have iron willpower and a burning desire to become a programmer, then you can achieve your goal through self-education. This is not the easiest or shortest path: you will have to understand the information chaos yourself and fight procrastination. But you can study at a convenient time for relatively little money or for free.

The easiest way to start is with interactive online courses. There are many on the Internet, the materials of which clearly explain the basics of programming and set the direction for further development. Pay special attention to those courses that teach using examples of real projects, that is, they tell you step by step how to create a specific program or website.

Platform with free web development courses freeCodeCamp

Remember that you won't succeed without practice. Study in project-oriented courses and try to write programs and websites based on them yourself. Look for lectures on YouTube about projects that you would like to develop. First, copy other people's work and analyze it. Then try to move away from the original, experiment, change individual elements until you can create something unique.

In addition to courses and video lectures, there is official documentation available on language websites, and. Once you understand the basics, look for the latest publications with the subtitle Best Practices for your chosen programming language. Such books contain the best development techniques.

Be sure to set a goal to create your own project and constantly work on it.

This will help you consolidate your knowledge and understand what information you still lack. Your skills will develop along with the project. When you finish it, work on a new one - more difficult.

If you have any difficulties during the learning or development process, you can always turn to programming communities like Toaster and Stack Overflow for any question. For example, they will help you solve a problem, choose a good course, or point out errors in the code.


Questions and answers service on technological topics “Toaster”

It is convenient to hone your skills on special platforms where you can compete with other programmers, solving various practical problems using code. Such services include Codewars, TopCoder and HackerRank.

If you feel that your development has reached a dead end, or want to speed up your learning, try the following options.

2. With the help of a mentor

A mentor is a personal mentor who points out mistakes, warns about pitfalls, and helps chart a course of study. A useful recommendation received at the right time can save you from many problems and save a lot of time. Therefore, a mentor will not hurt anyone.

Find out if any of your friends are developers. Perhaps one of them will want to help you. If you don’t know such people, you can look for them in programming communities. For example, on the same “Toaster”. Only mentoring services are not cheap, and no one wants to spend a lot of time on strangers for nothing.

3. Teachers of “live” courses

Distance and face-to-face courses with teachers who teach programmers from scratch have become incredibly popular in recent years. Within this format you will also have to do a lot of work on your own. But you will study according to a professionally prepared program, and the solutions to the problems will be checked by a living person. The disadvantages of the courses include the high cost of training.

Popular Russian-language online platforms that provide systematic training for programmers: “Netology”, GeekBrains and Loftschool.

If you prefer to study in person, you can look for educational centers that teach programming in your locality. Unfortunately, such establishments are most often found only in large cities. An example is the STEP computer academy, which has branches in several countries.

4. At the university

If you have a lot of time on your hands and you are sure that you want to spend your life programming, you can study computer science at university. But keep in mind that traditional educational institutions lag behind progress, so you will have to master modern programming languages ​​and other technologies on your own.

On the other hand, the university will provide fundamental knowledge of mathematics, algorithms and other areas that will help you become a highly qualified programmer. Over the years of diligent study, you will develop the right type of thinking, thanks to which you will grasp everything on the fly in the professional field.

How to choose a direction and language

In the IT industry, there are several areas, each of which uses its own set of languages. We list the main directions in order of increasing complexity:

  1. Web development. Popular languages: JavaScript, PHP, Python, Ruby.
  2. Mobile development. Popular languages: Java, Swift.
  3. Development of games and programs for desktop computers. Popular languages: C++, C#, C.
  4. Big Data, machine learning. Popular languages: Python, R, Scala.

What to look for when choosing

To make the right choice of direction and, in particular, language, consider the following factors: the difficulty of mastering and the number of training materials on the Internet, your personal preferences (what exactly you want to develop) and the demand for the language in the labor market.


Graph of the demand for languages ​​on the international labor market / research.hackerrank.com

You can easily check the demand for a language in your region on job search sites. Just open the section for software developers and see the number of available vacancies.

If you can't decide

If you're confused, take a look at JavaScript, the language in which almost the entire web is written. Many organizations and programmers advise beginners to choose this language as their first language.

For example, the founder of the educational resource freeCodeCamp Quincy Larson JavaScript for beginners. Larson makes a very simple argument:

  1. JavaScript is relatively easy to learn. And to write something and run it in this language, all you need is a code editor and a browser.
  2. JavaScript is the most in-demand language on the international labor market and has great prospects. Large companies like Google, Microsoft and Facebook are investing in the JavaScript ecosystem.
  3. JavaScript has a very wide range of applications: from websites and browser games to mobile applications.

In addition, a large developer community has formed around this language. The high interest in JavaScript provides a huge number of courses, books and other educational content.

What else should a programmer know: mathematics and English?

Any programmer would benefit from a deep understanding of . For fields such as game graphics development or big data, a mathematical mind is a must. But when it comes to web development and creating simple programs, in most cases you can do without mathematics. Although there is no consensus among professionals on this matter.

But understanding English, at least at the level of fluently reading documentation, is mandatory for all programmers. Official documents and most educational materials appear primarily in English. often become outdated before the translation is even published. In addition, knowledge of English opens up prospects for working with the whole world.

How to get your first experience and first job

To find your first job as a programmer, you must have a portfolio. This is a project you created, or better yet several, that demonstrate all your developer skills. Most courses include developing projects that can be included in your portfolio.

A very valuable item on your resume will be work experience, especially team development. But where can you get it if you are looking for your first job?

  1. Complete several orders on . This could be Freelansim or Upwork. Offer your services for free, then the first customers will come to you.
  2. Find like-minded people and create a common project with them. People unite for such purposes at almost every educational platform where there are programming courses.
  3. Select courses whose organizer helps with job placement. For example, at GeekBrains, after training, you have access to internships from different companies, including paid ones. GeekUniversity and STEP guarantee employment to their graduates.

Before doing this, don’t forget to search the Internet for lists of tasks and questions that are often asked to job seekers.

These tutorials are for everyone, whether you're new to programming or have extensive programming experience in other languages! This material is for those who want to learn the C/C++ languages ​​from its very basics to the most complex structures.

C++ is a programming language, knowledge of this programming language will allow you to control your computer at the highest level. Ideally, you will be able to make the computer do whatever you want. Our site will help you master the C++ programming language.

Installation /IDE

The very first thing you should do before you start learning C++ is to make sure that you have an IDE - an integrated development environment (the program in which you will program). If you don't have an IDE, then here you go. Once you decide on the choice of IDE, install it and practice creating simple projects.

Introduction to C++

The C++ language is a set of commands that tell the computer what to do. This set of commands is usually called source code or simply code. Commands are either “functions” or “keywords”. Keywords (C/C++ reserved words) are the basic building blocks of the language. Functions are complex building blocks because they are written in terms of simpler functions - you'll see this in our very first program, which is shown below. This structure of functions resembles the contents of a book. The content can show the chapters of the book, each chapter in the book can have its own content consisting of paragraphs, each paragraph can have its own subparagraphs. Although C++ provides many common functions and reserved words that you can use, there is still a need to write your own functions.

What part of the program does it start at? Each program in C++ has one function, it is called the main or main function, program execution begins with this function. From the main function, you can also call any other functions, whether they are ones we wrote or, as mentioned earlier, provided by the compiler.

So how do you access these Standard Features? To access the standard functions that come with the compiler, you need to include the header file using the preprocessor directive - #include . Why is this effective? Let's look at an example of a working program:

#include << "Моя первая программа на С++\n"; cin.get(); }

Let us consider in detail the elements of the program. #include is a "preprocessor" directive that tells the compiler to put the code from the iostream header file into our program before creating the executable. By connecting a header file to your program, you get access to many different functions that you can use in your program. For example, the cout operator requires iostream. Line using namespace std; tells the compiler to use a group of functions that are part of the std standard library. This line also allows the program to use operators such as cout . The semicolon is part of C++ syntax. It tells the compiler that this is the end of the command. You'll see in a moment that semicolons are used to terminate most commands in C++.

The next important line of the program is int main(). This line tells the compiler that there is a function called main and that the function returns an integer. Curly braces ( and ) signal the start (and end) of a function. Curly braces are also used in other blocks of code, but they always indicate one thing - the beginning and end of the block, respectively.

In C++, the cout object is used to display text (pronounced "C out"). He uses symbols<< , известные как «оператор сдвига», чтобы указать, что отправляется к выводу на экран. Результатом вызова функции cout << является отображение текста на экране. Последовательность \n фактически рассматривается как единый символ, который обозначает новую строку (мы поговорим об этом позже более подробно). Символ \n перемещает курсор на экране на следующую строку. Опять же, обратите внимание на точку с запятой, её добавляют в конец, после каждого оператора С++.

The next command is cin.get() . This is another function call that reads data from the input data stream and waits for the ENTER key to be pressed. This command keeps the console window from closing until the ENTER key is pressed. This gives you time to see the output of the program.

Upon reaching the end of the main function (the closing curly brace), our program will return the value 0 to the operating system. This return value is important because by analyzing it, the OS can judge whether our program completed successfully or not. A return value of 0 means success and is returned automatically (but only for the int data type; other functions require you to manually return the value), but if we wanted to return something else, such as 1, we would have to do it manually.

#include using namespace std; int main() ( cout<<"Моя первая программа на С++\n"; cin.get(); return 1; }

To consolidate the material, type the program code in your IDE and run it. Once the program has run and you've seen the output, experiment a little with the cout statement. This will help you get used to the language.

Be sure to comment on your programs!

Add comments to your code to make it clearer not only for yourself but also for others. The compiler ignores comments when executing code, allowing you to use any number of comments to describe the actual code. To create a comment, use or // , which tells the compiler that the rest of the line is a comment, or /* and then */ . When you're learning to program, it's useful to be able to comment on parts of the code to see how the output of the program changes. You can read in detail about the commenting technique.

What to do with all these types of variables?

Sometimes it can be confusing to have multiple variable types when some variable types seem to be redundant. It is very important to use the correct variable type, as some variables require more memory than others. Additionally, due to the way they are stored in memory, floating point numbers, the float and double data types are "imprecise" and should not be used when a precise integer value needs to be stored.

Declaring Variables in C++

To declare a variable, use the syntax type<имя>; . Here are some examples of variable declarations:

Int num; char character; float num_float;

It is permissible to declare several variables of the same type on one line; to do this, each of them must be separated by a comma.

Int x, y, z, d;

If you've looked closely, you may have seen that a variable declaration is always followed by a semicolon. You can learn more about the convention “on naming variables”.

Common mistakes when declaring variables in C++

If you try to use a variable that is not declared, your program will not compile and you will receive an error message. In C++, all language keywords, all functions, and all variables are case sensitive.

Using Variables

So now you know how to declare a variable. Here is an example program demonstrating the use of a variable:

#include using namespace std; int main() ( int number; cout<< "Введите число: "; cin >>number;<< "Вы ввели: "<< number <<"\n"; cin.get(); }

cin.ignore();

Note that when printing from a variable, quotes are not used. The absence of quotes tells the compiler that there is a variable, and therefore that the program should check the value of the variable in order to replace the variable name with its value at execution. Multiple shift statements on the same line are perfectly acceptable and the output will be done in the same order. You should separate string literals (strings enclosed in quotes) and variables, giving each its own shift operator<< . Попытка поставить две переменные вместе с одним оператором сдвига << выдаст сообщение об ошибке . Не забудьте поставить точку с запятой. Если вы забыли про точку с запятой, компилятор выдаст вам сообщение об ошибке при попытке скомпилировать программу.

Changing and comparing values

Of course, no matter what type of data you're using, variables aren't very interesting without the ability to change their value. The following shows some operators used in conjunction with variables:

  • * multiplication,
  • - subtraction,
  • + addition,
  • / division,
  • = assignment,
  • == equality,
  • >more
  • < меньше.
  • != unequal
  • >= greater than or equal to
  • <= меньше или равно

Operators that perform mathematical functions must be used to the right of the assignment sign in order to assign the result to the variable on the left.

Here are some examples:

A = 4 * 6; // use line comment and semicolon, a is equal to 24 a = a + 5; // equal to the sum of the original value and five a == 5 // does not assign five, checks whether it is equal to 5 or not

You'll often use == in constructs such as conditional statements and loops.

A< 5 // Проверка, a менее пяти? a >5 // Check, is a more than five? a == 5 // Checking, is a equal to five? a != 5 // Check, is it not equal to five? a >= 5 // Check if a is greater than or equal to five? a<= 5 // Проверка, a меньше или равно пяти?

These examples don't show the use of comparison signs very clearly, but when we start studying selection operators, you'll understand why this is necessary.

Learning programming is not something you can do casually. But you don't have to spend your entire life understanding the basics. There are many ways to make learning easier for yourself.

It often happens that beginners start learning already knowing something about programming. At first everything goes well, but as we study further, problems begin. Why? Beginners quickly skim through the introductory part, thinking that they already know everything, but in reality this is rarely the case. They know some of the material, but not enough to understand the basics well.

At the same time, we cannot stop developing. You can go slow or fast, but don't skip any topic. By mastering more materials, you create a foundation for the future.

1. Study code examples

When we talk about reading, we usually mean reading words on a page, but programming is about reading code. When you first learn to program, you should study and try to understand every example. You can even read and try to understand the code examples first, and only then read the text. This doesn’t always work, but it teaches you to look at the code carefully and delve into every detail.

2. Don't just read code examples - run them!

When you're reading a tutorial or tutorial, it's easy to look at an example and say, “I got it, I get it. Yes, that makes sense." Of course, you might have understood it, but you don't know for sure whether you really understood it correctly. There is only one way to find out - do something with the code.

If you haven't already done so, install a development environment (IDE) that supports your programming language.

Then bring the example into the IDE - if you type it instead of just copying it, you'll actually walk through it from start to finish. Typing code forces you to pay attention to details of the language's syntax, such as the semicolons that should end each line.

Now compile and run the code. Make sure it does exactly what it's supposed to do.

Finally, change it. The program is the most easily changed mechanism on Earth. You can experiment and see what happens. Changes will occur instantly, without the risk of death or injury. The easiest way to learn a programming language is to take working code and change it.

3. Start writing your code as early as possible

As soon as you understand something about the language - even if it already makes your head spin - start writing programs in it. Sometimes it is difficult to find ideas for programs. This is normal, at the very beginning you don’t have to come up with your idea.

You can also reproduce exercises from a manual or book you are reading without looking at the examples. It's not as easy as it seems. This technique also works well if you slightly change the code from the examples.

If you don't want to think about small programs and want to write something bigger right away, like games, you need to start with small pieces that you can then use to create a game. Whether you use them or not, you will gain valuable experience.

4. Learn to use a debugger

The debugger will allow you to move through the code line by line. You will be able to observe the values ​​of the variables and see if the condition is met.

The debugger allows you to quickly answer questions about what your code is doing.

At first, fixing errors with the debugger will take a lot of time. But as the number of errors in your code increases, the debugger will begin to save a lot of your time. And the number of errors, believe me, will be measured in dozens.

Beginners are often reluctant to use a debugger. In fact, they make life difficult for themselves by spending years correcting very simple mistakes. The sooner you learn the debugger, the sooner you will be rewarded.

5. Find more sources

If you don't understand something, look for alternative explanations first - the Internet is full of information about programming. We all perceive new information differently: maybe you need pictures to understand, while someone else needs detailed instructions or many books with detailed explanations.

But if that doesn't work, then the best way to sort out the problem is to ask someone else. However, if you say “I don’t understand, please explain,” you will most likely receive in response a link to the same text that you did not understand. Instead, use your own words to describe how you understood the text. The more a question reveals your thoughts, the easier it will be for a knowledgeable expert to answer it. Programmers sometimes seem irritable when answering questions. But the reason is more likely that they want to move forward in the dialogue, and this requires effort from both sides. If you ask a smart, detailed question that demonstrates what you think, you will get good results.

Okay, let's get started - you want to learn how to program in C/C++, and you want to know exactly what you have to do. Don't put off until tomorrow what you can do right now. If you are hesitant and don't know what to do next, then this is the place for you.

  • Installing a C/C++ compiler so that you can run your program.
  • Start reading C++ articles on our website.
  • Solving problems in programming.

You can also start learning C/C++ from a book. Recommended books for beginners, you can. If you are having problems, take a look at the following articles:

  • 5 most common problems of novice programmers, and ways to solve them

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What is C (Ci)? What is C++ (C++)? What is the difference?

C is a programming language originally developed for the developing Unix operating systems. It is a powerful low-level language, but it lacks many modern and useful constructs. C++ is a new language based on C, which in turn complements most modern programming languages.

In principle, C++ supports all aspects of the C language, providing new features for programmers that make programming easier, allowing them to write useful and complex programs.

For example, C++ allows for easier memory management and adds several features thanks to object-oriented programming. OOP basically makes the work of programmers easier, since there is no need to think about the smallest details, the programmer is focused on solving the main problem.

So what is C++ used for?

C++ is a powerful general-purpose programming language. It can be used to create small programs or large applications. C++ is used to write CGI scripts, and DOS programs can also be easily created in C++. C++ allows you to create almost any program you might need. Read more about the C++ programming language.

How to learn to program in C++?

You don't need any special knowledge to learn C++. If you want to learn how to program on your own, electronic textbooks or books will help you with this. There are many free online learning resources, including a website, some of which do not require previous programming experience. You can also choose books on programming on our website.

When reading a textbook or book, it is often useful to type the program code into the compiler manually, without copying. Typing code manually will help you remember the syntax of the language, familiarize you with the general structure of the program and the use of common commands. After running the sample program and making sure you understand how the code works, you should experiment with it: play with the program and test your own ideas. By seeing what changes each piece of code causes, you'll learn about programming step by step.

In order to run program code in C or C++, you need a compiler. The compiler converts the source code into an executable file. You can learn more about the compilation process.

Can you help me choose a compiler?

Definitely for beginners, Code::Blocks is our recommended, free and easy-to-use compiler for Windows. For Linux - g++, gcc or Qt. All of these links will help you get started with programming.