Empirical studies of social networks as a platform for the implementation of the space of scientific communications. Creating a teacher’s personal information space How an information space differs from personal data

| Lesson planning and lesson materials | 7th grade | Planning lessons for the school year (according to the textbook by N.D. Ugrinovich) | Organization of information space

Lesson 7
Organization of information space

§ 1.6. Presenting an information space using a graphical interface

Presenting an information space using a graphical interface

Information space. When working on a computer, the user runs programs and uses data stored in files. Files with programs and data available to the user constitute his information space.

If the computer is standalone, then the information space includes a hierarchical system of folders for a given computer.

If the computer is connected to a local network, then the information space includes a system of folders accessible to the user on computers connected to the network.

If your computer is connected to the Internet, then the user’s information space is expanded due to files located on computers connected to the global network.

Information space is folders and files accessible to the user on the local computer and on computer networks.

Presentation of information space using a graphical interface. The information space available to the computer user is presented in the form of a system of folders. In Windows and Linux operating systems, the top of the graphical interface is the image of the Desktop folder on the monitor screen. Physically, the Desktop folder is located on the system drive in the computer user folder.

The next level is represented by folder icons Computer(Root folder in Linux operating system), Basket And User's personal folder (users), the equivalent of this folder in Linux is Home folder(Fig. 1.35).

Rice. 1.35. Desktop icons:
in the Windows operating system (a); in the Linux operating system (b)

In folder Computer (Root folder) there are folders at the next level - the root folders of the hard, optical and removable drives on the computer.

The root folder of each disk in the Windows operating system contains a hierarchical system of subfolders that displays the hierarchical file system of this disk (Fig. 1.36).

Rice. 1.36. Displaying a Hierarchical Folder System
in the graphical interface of the Windows operating system

In folder Basket deleted folders and files are stored.

In folder Net there are folders of computers connected to the local network.

Icons and shortcuts on the Desktop. After loading the operating system, the following appears on the monitor screen: Desktop, which automatically places icons for some folders. To quickly access frequently used folders and applications, the user can create shortcuts (links in the Linux operating system) on the Desktop. In order to open a folder or launch an application, just click on the corresponding icon or shortcut (link).

Task bar. At the bottom of the screen is Task bar, on which there is a Start button on the left (Menu button in the Linux operating system). Clicking a button Start Calls up the Start menu (the application launch menu in the Linux operating system), which allows you to launch programs.

In the center of the taskbar minimized windows of applications and folders are located.

On the right side of the Taskbar is the Clock. To the left of the clock are system status indicators, including a keyboard layout indicator. Meaning Ru indicator indicates that the Russian keyboard layout is currently used, Еng denotes the English layout.

Control questions

1. Which folder image is the top graphical interface of the operating system?

2. What are the main elements of the Desktop?

3. What is the difference between icons and labels?

4. What is located on the Taskbar?

The information resource covers all divisions and services of the organization. In this sense, we can talk about the information space of an enterprise, understanding by this term not only information and the means of processing it, but also the geography of information relations.

The information space of an organization (IP) is formed with the help of technical means of information processing, computer and telecommunication technology. Depending on the form of their interaction and use, four main levels of implementation of an organization’s IP can be distinguished.

On the first level implementation of an individual enterprise, factual information about completed business transactions is formed in the form of tables of a specific DB (database). Processing of these tables allows you to maintain basic types of accounting: operational, accounting, administrative, tax, etc.

Implementation of second level IP involves the use of a powerful database management system (DBMS), which allows not only to perform basic operations for processing factual information and support all types of accounting, but also to make it possible to prepare various analytical documents. At this level of implementation, interaction with the Internet is formed, allowing for electronic document management and facilitating the accumulation and generalization of corporate information.

Third-level IP model reflects its division into separate information systems: logistics, accounting and reporting, personnel management, etc., each of which forms its own IS. A common information display system for management is also created here. IP of this level uses a “data pool” in its structure, which determines not only the possibility of receiving and storing operational information, but also a means of pre-processing it according to pre-established algorithms. These algorithms are configured to a pre-installed system of analytical reports. The third-level individual entrepreneur model provides for the implementation of business activities on the Internet, for example, visiting trading platforms, using electronic payments, etc.

IP organization of the fourth level involves its expansion through the use of front office structures that can, using the Internet, provide stakeholders (suppliers, partners, clients, investors) with the necessary information in accordance with the powers given to them, Fig. 1.4.

Rice. 1.4. Model of the organization's information space

The processes of forming individual entrepreneurs at this level are carried out with the help of the company’s back office. The system is controlled using a management information system connected to the system cockpit. The cockpit implements the demonstration of graphical analytical reports using LSD demo tablets.

1.4. Enterprise management information systems and their classification

To build enterprise management information systems (EMIS), you need:

1. Formulate the main goals achieved by the enterprise in the process of using IT.

2. Assess the state of the structure of the current PMIS, its document flow and the need for virtualization.

3. Select directions for using the information resource both within the enterprise (at the corporate level) and outside the enterprise (at the virtual level).

4. Determine the necessary enterprise management model.

5. Establish the content of the necessary software and hardware to achieve the goals.

6. Develop a personnel training system.

7. Form an appropriate production service.

8. Develop a structure for the interconnection, management and protection of hardware and network facilities.

9. Assess the expected level of costs and achieved results.

When building an PMIS, it is also necessary to take into account the increasing risks associated with both the use of information received in the PMIS and the possibility of conducting e-commerce and marketing activities, and to ensure the protection of the PMIS from external and internal information sabotage.

To create an PMIS, you can use various organizational approaches, the main ones being:

1) acquisition of individual software and hardware modules and independent construction of an enterprise information system;

2) contacting system integrators that provide qualified services for installing software and hardware;

3) contacting consulting (consulting) companies that advise on the implementation of completed projects, the acquisition of the necessary information system;

4) cooperation with a system integrator who creates an information system and maintains a hardware and software complex within the time agreed with the customer;

5) implementation of information projects and provision of services for servicing software and hardware by specialized integrated independent organizations. This approach is called “outsourcing” (from English, outsourcing). In this case, the enterprise manager only uses information from a hardware and software system owned by a third party.

PMIS can be classified using various criteria: organization of the control loop, management method, application of appropriate IT, etc. Let's consider the classification of ISMS depending on the level of implementation of the organization's information space: accounting, analytical, integrated and dynamic systems.

Accounting IS organize the issuance of documents (usually on paper) about the state of individual economic processes of the organization. These systems are focused on the formation of first-level IP. The complexity of information processing in paper technology (various formats, different dictionaries) leads to the fact that the final information is created, as a rule, by the time it is no longer needed. These systems allow you to obtain information about the current state of the production process, personnel records and maintaining an accounting and reporting system, which is valuable for solving many problems of small and medium-sized enterprises. They are aimed, as a rule, at the processes of organizing various forms of accounting, displaying current information and issuing analytical reports.

Analytical IS, using various methods of information analysis, make it possible to show trends in the development of an organization’s business processes and organize electronic document flow. They allow you to form a second-level IP.

Integrated ICs provide employees with access to the necessary information in real time, which allows them to control the execution of the process at any stage, ensuring process management. They also provide mechanisms for control and coordination of various components of the business environment. These systems form the third level IP.

The use of an integrated type PMIS allows us to intensify the following issues:

 information support at all stages of reporting preparation, acceleration of the reporting preparation process;

 clarification of data by providing direct access to operational information;

 analysis of the state of the company's functional processes and early warning of negative processes using the ability to quickly move to the details of the business (detailed data on its individual clients, business transactions or business processes);

 an integrated holistic view of corporate information, i.e. providing the latest information on all the most important indicators - critical factors for the success of the company;

 prompt response to organizational changes or the rapid provision of new information without the involvement of additional information channels;

 development of predictive expectations in business, which allows you to implement modern business management methods, control the management process and find ways to develop the business.

Dynamic ICs are aimed at finding new methods of interaction between business participants in order to obtain maximum profit. They allow you to synchronize company management processes with the actions of interested business participants: suppliers, clients, partners, etc. Dynamic systems form the conditions for the implementation of fourth-level IP. Dynamic PMIS are focused on finding the most effective relationship, synchronizing information processes directly in production, between various partner organizations, clients, and investors. They combine the advantages of integrated management systems and Internet technology, realizing the possibilities of e-business.

Information space

Today on the Internet there is already an information base available for experiments of a volume that was previously difficult to imagine. Moreover, the volume of this database exceeds by several orders of magnitude everything that was available a decade ago. In August 2005, Yahoo announced that it had indexed about 20 billion documents. Google's achievement last year was less than 10 billion documents, i.e. in one year, the amount of open information accessible to the common user from the Internet has doubled. According to the Web Server Survey, in August 2005 the number of Web sites exceeded 72 million. Thus, the data presented confirm the exponential nature of information growth.

This growth is accompanied by a number of problems, such as:

1) disproportionate increase in the level of information noise;

3) poor structure of information;

4) multiple duplication of information.

The traditional Web also has such disadvantages as an abundance of “information garbage”, the inability to guarantee the integrity of documents, the virtual absence of semantic search capabilities, and limited access to the “hidden” Web.

The information space is the totality of the results of the semantic activity of mankind. It can be understood both in a figurative sense and in an idealistic sense, the latter approach is developed in philosophy, as well as in para- and pseudoscientific research, then the information space can be understood as “the world of names and titles associated with the ontological” (physical).

An information space can also be considered a set of banks and databases, technologies for their maintenance and use, information telecommunication systems operating on the basis of general principles and providing:

1) information interaction between organizations and citizens;

2) meeting their information needs.

Strictly speaking, information space, being one of the primary concepts, cannot be precisely defined. Most often, this term is understood as a logical opposition to the objective (objective, physical, material) world.

It is generally believed that information space is the same as semantic space. From a practical point of view, this is true.

The main components of the information space are: information resources, means of information interaction and information infrastructure.

The problem of “knowledge” will most likely never be reduced to any set of problems that could be finally solved purely technologically. On the contrary, it will apparently require serious research in various directions, including at a fairly high theoretical level. One of the central issues in this regard, in our opinion, is the relationship between information and semantic space, which, as a rule, receives unjustifiably little attention. In literature they are often even identified, without any reason. The fact that these two categories are in no way identical clearly follows from the difference in their nature: the information space is formed by data physically recorded on certain media, while the semantic space is generated by complexes of abstract concepts associated with subjective assessments given by a person. It seems most natural to define a network semantic space as a set of units of meaning that are relevant in a given sociocultural context and represented on the network. By a unit of meaning, we, as usual, understand an elementary category that allows us to make subjective value judgments about things and processes related to the world around us. In real life, there is, of course, a very definite connection between them, but finding this connection seems to be a very non-trivial task.

Basics of searching for information on the Internet.

Searching for information is a problem that humanity has been solving for many centuries. As the volume of information resources potentially available to one person (for example, a library visitor) grew, more and more sophisticated and advanced search tools and techniques were developed to find the necessary document.

All the means and techniques for searching for information that have been found over many years are available and effective when searching for information on the Internet.

Let's consider the general scheme: the author creates a document. The user has an information need. This information need often (as a rule) cannot even be accurately expressed in words, and is expressed only in the assessment of the documents being viewed - whether it is suitable or not. In the theory of information retrieval, instead of the word “suitable,” the term “pertinent document” is used, and instead of “not suitable,” the term “not pertinent” is used. The word “pertinent” comes from the English “pertinent”, which means “pertinent, relevant in essence.” The subjectively understood goal of information retrieval is to find all pertinent and only pertinent documents (we want to find “only what we want and nothing more”).

This goal is ideal and yet unattainable. We are often able to assess the persistence of a document only in comparison with other documents. In order to have something to compare with, you need a certain number of non-pertinent documents. These documents are called “noise”. Too much noise makes it difficult to identify pertinent documents; too little noise does not give confidence that a sufficient number of pertinent documents have been found. Practice shows that when the number of non-pertinent documents lies in the range from 10% to 30%, the searcher feels comfortable, without getting lost in a sea of noise and believing that the number of documents found is satisfactory.

When there are a lot of documents, an information retrieval system is used. In this case, the information need must be expressed by means that information retrieval systems “understand” - a Request must be formulated.

A request can rarely accurately express an information need. However, many information retrieval systems, for reasons described below, cannot determine whether a particular document matches a query. To solve this problem, a synthetic criterion was introduced - the degree of compliance of the document with the query, which is called “relevance”. A relevant document may not be relevant and vice versa.

Structure of the information space.

Structure is a set of stable relationships and connections between the elements of the system. The structure includes the general organization of the system (object, process, phenomenon), spatial and temporal arrangement of the system’s components, etc. The structure is formed not by any connections and relationships, but primarily by natural, essential ones. The most important connections and relationships (among the essential ones) are called integrating; they influence other regular connections, determining the general specificity of structures within the system.

The main structural components of the information space in its synergetic representation are information fields and information flows.

The information field is the totality of all information concentrated in a given volume of space-time, regardless of its form and state, located in isolation from both the object of reflection and the subject of perception. The information field is formed by objective, genetic and idealized information. The movement of information in the information field is carried out through a physical connection between the recipient and the source of information materialized in the information flow.

An information flow is, in general, a collection of information moving in the information space along a communication channel. Information flows can flow both within individual infospheres and between them, depending on the availability of communication channels. At the same time, the meaningful nature of the information flow depends on the characteristics of the communication channel, so to transmit the information flow about a graphic object it is necessary to use a communication channel that ensures the transmission of visual images (images), otherwise inaccuracies and distortions in the content of the information transmitted in the information flow and its perception by the recipient.

In the organizational and technical aspect, the structure of the information space is a set of databases and data banks, technologies for their use, information and telecommunication systems, networks, applications and organizational structures that operate on the basis of certain principles and according to established rules that ensure information interaction between users, as well as satisfaction their information needs.

An information system is an organizationally ordered set of specialists, information resources (arrays of documents) and information technologies, including the use of computer technology and communications, implementing information processes - obtaining input data. Processing this data and / or changing one’s own internal state (internal connections / relations), producing a result or changing one’s external state (external connections / relations).

Information systems are conventionally divided into simple and complex.

A simple information system is a system whose elements function in accordance with rules generated by the same mutually consistent set of axioms.

A complex information system is a system that contains elements that function in accordance with rules generated by sets of axioms that are different from each other. It is assumed that among the rules for the functioning of various elements there may be mutually contradictory rules and goals. Violation of protective barriers in the interaction of elements of a complex system with each other leads to the reprogramming of these elements and / or their destruction.

Tools for supporting automated information systems and their technologies include software, technical, linguistic, legal, organizational tools (programs for electronic computers; computer technology and communications; dictionaries, thesauruses and classifiers; instructions and techniques; regulations, charters, job descriptions ; diagrams and their descriptions, other operational and accompanying documentation) used or created in the design of information systems and ensuring their operation.

The technological and organizational components of the information space in a generalized version include:

1) Information and telecommunications infrastructure - computers geographically distributed in the country (countries, world) connected to each other in a network by means of communication and telecommunications.

Information infrastructure is an environment that provides the ability to collect, transmit, store, automated processing and disseminate information in society. The information infrastructure of society is formed by the totality of:

a) information and telecommunication systems and communication networks, the information technology, telecommunications and communications industry;

b) systems for generating and ensuring the safety of information resources; systems for providing access to information and telecommunication systems, communication networks and information resources;

c) the information services industry and the information market;

d) systems for training and retraining of personnel, conducting scientific research.

2) Information resources on computer media, primarily specialized information arrays in the form of automated databases, as well as information resources distributed across WEB sites on the Internet. Information resources include individual documents and individual arrays of documents, documents and arrays of documents in information systems (libraries, archives, funds, data banks, knowledge bases, other information systems). Information resources are objects of relations between individuals, legal entities, and the state. Information resources can be state and non-state and, as an element of property, be owned by citizens, government bodies, local governments, organizations and public associations.

There are a number of features that distinguish information resources from other types of resources:

a) they are not consumed and are subject not to physical, but to moral wear and tear;

b) they are inherently intangible and irreducible to the physical medium in which they are embodied;

c) their use makes it possible to sharply reduce the consumption of other types of resources, which ultimately leads to enormous savings;

the process of their creation and use is carried out using computer technology.

3) Methods and tools of applied mathematics - algorithms and software (complexes) that ensure the functioning of hardware platforms (systems).

4) Organizational measures to ensure the functioning of the components of the information space (conferences, activities of working groups of specialists, etc.).

5) Legal measures (norms) - information legislation, international agreements and treaties, other national and international regulatory legal acts.

6) Market of information technologies, communications, informatization and telecommunications, information products and services.

The information space of social systems includes the following:

1) Units of information space that generate information:

a) in the media - group communicators (media editorial offices) and key communicators (communicators directly included in the media editorial offices, personifying the information of this media);

b) newsmakers (English Newsmaker - literally “news creator”) - public opinion leaders (politicians, economic leaders, representatives of the cultural elite, etc.);

c) experts (interpreters) - specialists who actively and professionally work with information; the nature and form of information flows depends on their comments (interpretations) (political scientists, economists, sociologists, etc.);

d) opinion leaders are fairly active people, unlike the above categories, who are not tied to specific channels for disseminating information, and who have a cumulative need to disseminate information (in small and medium-sized social groups);

e) producers of special information (theater, cinema, advertising in all its forms outside the media, fashion, goods, money (in mass communications), architecture, etc.).

2) Communication channels:

a) formed media and media (printed, electronic and other media);

b) channels of interpersonal communication (interpersonal communication);

c) specialized - aimed at narrow groups - professional, elite, etc. (specialized professional publications, partly - Internet);

d) the rest (commodity and money channels).

3) Areas - in social systems they are formed according to certain socio-psychological principles and are included in a certain network (information channels). The areas included in certain channels at a given time may overlap; There are also areas that are not included in the channel(s), but are influenced by the context, the general rhythm of information processes and synchronized through secondary influences.

In relation to information, areas (in social systems) are divided into:

a) information generators (super innovators) ~ 3%;

b) innovators (quickly accept new things from generators) ~ 15%;

c) center (moderate innovators / moderate conservatives) ~ 30%;

d) super-conservatives (practically do not perceive changes due to strict internal barriers to everything new) ~ 15%.

One of these components, in particular, includes virtual reality, formed in the form of virtual analogues of real objects and processes (for example, chats and forums, electronic banking, e-commerce systems, geographic information systems, electronic document management systems, computer-aided design and modeling of physical processes etc.), which are based on appropriate software and hardware platforms and information and telecommunication networks and communication systems. Which is perceived by a person (user) as a substitute model of actual reality or as a certain reality that is primary in relation to objective reality.

The massive creation of information resources integrated into the global information space, such as WEB sites and online publications of materials (from the English on-line - “on line”), gives rise to a situation where users cannot benefit from it, since as the number of information resources whose content they need to control becomes too large. Thus, information that is important for users (in principle available in the information space) is technically not accessible, since it requires too much time and/or money to “bypass” the necessary resources. As a result, there is the emergence of qualitatively new changes in the structuring of the information space. These changes consist in the “professional segmentation” of the information space of global information networks, primarily the Internet. Members of a given professional community use a common standard for presenting their resources online. This allows them to launch a network service that, with a given regularity, collects additions/updates from private information resources (WEB sites) into a single database. If this system of resources includes all the information resources of the professional community, then control over receipts into this integrated database replaces control over the content of the original set of resources.

Mass “professional segmentation” of information resources in global networks, in principle, provides significant advantages. It is possible primarily where there are sufficiently large professional communities (or interest groups), whose members conduct their information activities online.

Thus, information space is a rather broad concept, which different researchers interpret in different ways, but most scientists agree that information space is virtual opportunities for obtaining and using information, part of what we touch and see.

One of the promising areas is the creation and development of an information space for scientific communications, designed to provide information and communication support for the scientific research process. Next, we will consider in more detail the structure and functions of the information space for scientific research.

Teacher's personal information space

In the conditions of modern dynamic development of society and its rapidly developing technical and social infrastructure, information becomes the most important strategic resource. The level of informatization, in addition, is becoming one of the significant factors in the successful economic development and competitiveness of the region in both domestic and foreign markets.

In the modern period of social development, characterized by fundamental changes in the socio-economic, political and other spheres, the goal of education is the formation of creatively thinking students with a high information culture, capable of quickly adapting to a rapidly changing world. The need to develop new approaches to learning is dictated by society's dissatisfaction with its quality. Changing living conditions of society inevitably leads to the improvement of educational concepts.

The education of a student is a social order of society, which is determined by the socio-psychological needs of society, the level of its development, and the ethical and moral values of this society. Unfortunately, the process of modernization in the education system is difficult.

The main goal of using information technology in the educational process as an innovative approach in education is to develop students' abilities based on self-regulation and self-education; formation of a scientific foundation for successful forecasting of one’s own professional activity, creative development of personality and the correct choice of an individual’s individual program.

Psychologists distinguish the following personal spaces of a person: bodily, objective, space, information space, emotional space, time. Personal information space is a mandatory attribute of a person in the 21st century, and the skills for its formation can be considered as important information competencies. The creation of an information space is aimed at information interaction between subjects and meeting their information needs.

In recent years, a new generation of parents with a high level of computer literacy has brought their children to school. The class teacher’s own blog as one of the types of information space will help the teacher exchange information with students and their parents faster and with greater convenience, actively use the latest technical achievements and technologies in classroom and extracurricular activities. Having your own blog, a teacher can solve many problems. Communication with students reaches a significantly new level.

Blog(English blog, from web log", "network journal or diary of events") is a website whose main content is regularly added entries in the form of text, images or multimedia.

When creating blogs, teachers do not always realize what additional opportunities open up both for themselves and for other participants and readers of their blog. First you need to decide what types of weblogs exist.

blog for the professional community;

personal professional blog of a teacher;

blog in support of the educational project;

blog abstract (this is a blog for posting educational content
any topic).

D
For my work as a subject teacher and as a class teacher, I created two teacher blogs. Class blog (http://ucheba -i -zhizn .blogspot .ru /) and computer science teacher blog (http://region -info .blogspot .ru /).

A class blog is a living organism that grows and changes.

Readers of the blog, and these are primarily students, find all sorts of useful information on the pages of the blog: lesson schedule, calendar of classes and holidays, information about the school, school administration and teachers, homework (students themselves are responsible for maintaining this page), There are useful links to educational information resources on the Internet for all subjects. By going there, students have the opportunity to prepare for their lessons by watching the necessary video lesson materials. There are necessary links to pages and sites with useful advice from psychologists for parents and students. Links to official educational portals to obtain important timely information and prepare for the final certification. I promptly fill out a class electronic journal; access to this resource is limited only to students in our class and their parents, unlike all other blog materials (they can be viewed by anyone). There is a page with information from the parent committee (information is uploaded there by parents themselves). You can find a lot of advice about working safely on the Internet, both for students and their parents. The main page contains current messages with announcements, interesting articles, congratulations to birthday people, etc., photo and video reports about past events at school and in the classroom. Using the capabilities of modern Web-2, I conduct surveys, testing, questioning students on various necessary topics, the answers can be immediately processed, because tables are filled in automatically. Feedback works well on the blog, all readers have the opportunity to leave comments, records of visits are kept, and you can organize a chat in real time. Using the link from the class blog, you can go to the computer science teacher’s blog and use the materials for the lessons. This is my second blog, which I use as a personal information space in my work on the subject with students throughout the school.

Computer literacy has become a component of a teacher’s professional level. Thus, informatization of the educational process makes it possible to effectively provide educational and methodological assistance to students .

Development of the creative and intellectual potential of students through the use of ICT is one of the main tasks of the teacher. The network has ceased to be a medium for transmitting information and a transport channel for the delivery of knowledge. It has become a place where students are constantly, where they take actions with the help of social services that help them think and act together.

The use of computers in teaching makes it possible to manage the cognitive activity of schoolchildren; in this case, training is built within the framework of a student-oriented model. A teacher’s web resource that contains tests for interactive computer testing, creative works and materials for lessons. A blog is a kind of electronic portfolio for a teacher. A blog site is an additional opportunity to introduce information technology into the practice of a subject teacher.

The Internet is, first of all, an important source of information. Due to the growing volume of information, it is necessary to create an information culture. It means knowledge of sources of information, techniques and ways of rationally working with them, and their application in practical activities.

In the future, I plan to work on students’ personal information space. Students' personal information space is formed on the basis of personal computers. A similar option is for the student to create his own personal website based on one of the many free hosting sites or a similar diary of events - a blog. In this case, the student creates and stores his documents on a remote site. The simplification of the publication procedure and the availability of various services lead to the fact that there is a transition from the concept of “school website” to the concept of “student’s personal website.” This student's personal website serves as a personal informational learning space. A teacher’s blog appears, then a student’s blog appears, the teacher sets the norm for communicative behavior on the Internet. Such blogs are elements of a modern educational environment in which equal participants – students and teachers – develop.

The very appearance of the concept - personal learning space - reflects a change in attitude towards what the student does. From a paper portfolio with diplomas and diplomas, a transition is being made to a model in which the student is more responsible for his learning, collects and presents not only his final, but also intermediate results of his activities.

The last decade has put schools in a situation where it is necessary to introduce significant changes in the system of education and education of students. These changes should be ensured by school reform, which is dictated by the modernization of education and the computerization of schools. All this will allow us to form positive motivation for educational activities, implement a differentiated, individual approach to learning at the student level, individualize the learning process, create a reliable system for monitoring knowledge acquisition, carry out the learning process in the mode of cooperation between teacher and student, and improve the pedagogical qualifications of the teacher.

Literature:

Syromyatnikova L.M., “Master class of the deputy director for educational work in a general education institution,” / L.M. Syromyatnikova –M, Globus, 2009

Patarakin E.D., Yarmakhov B.B., Everyday network culture as a solution to classification problems // “Educational Technologies and Society”, 2007

Newspaper “Classroom Management. Education of schoolchildren" No. 10 May 16-31, 2010, p. 9. Kristina Pavlova (Gymnasium No. 1733, Moscow).

Internet resource article by N.A. Poleshchuk.

Information space is a set of objects that enter into information interaction with each other, as well as the technologies themselves that ensure this interaction. The information space is formed by information resources, means of information interaction and information infrastructure.

Signs of the information space:

1) The action of uniform principles and general rules for all subjects of information interaction with a reasonable combination of state regulation and self-regulatory principles in the formation and development of a single information space

2) Ensuring secure information interaction between the state, organizations and citizens

3) Maximum complete satisfaction of the information needs of subjects throughout the state

4) Equal access of subjects of information interaction to open information resources

5) Maintaining a balance of interests in entering the global information space and ensuring national information sovereignty.

Information space objects:

a) information resources

b) information infrastructure:

Information and telecommunications structure (state and corporate networks and various systems)

Information and computer technologies

Media system

Organizational structures (ensure the formation and development of a unified information space).

Types of information spaces:

1) Ecological

2) Legal spaces

3) Economic

4) Political.

Levels of information spaces:

1) Global

2) International

3) Republican (national).

13. Concept, definition and features of the information society.

In accordance with the concept of Z. Brzezinski, D. Bell, O. Toffler, supported by other foreign scientists, the information society is a type of post-industrial society.

The information society is a special society, unknown to history. Let us list its main features and characteristics*(3).

Characteristic features of the information society:

the problem of the information crisis, including the information crisis of science, has been resolved, that is, the contradiction between the “information avalanche” and the “information hunger” has been resolved;

priority of information is ensured compared to other resources;

the main form of development is the information economy;

the basis of society is the automated generation, storage, processing and use of knowledge using the latest information technology and technologies;

information technologies have become global in nature, covering all areas of human social activity;

information unity of the entire human civilization is ensured.

14. Unified information and legal space of the Republic of Belarus and the CIS.

The agreement on the exchange of legal information of October 21, 1994 served as the basis for the formation of a unified information and legal space within the CIS. The parties ensure the exchange of legal information by electronic transmission of documents within the framework of a specially developed thematic list. The exchange of legal information occurs through the system of interstate exchange of legal information. This system is created and operates on the basis of reference data banks of legal information.

The information and legal space of the Republic of Belarus is formed on the basis of the state legal information system (GSPI).

15. Information resources: concept, types, features of legal protection.

Information resource (IR) is an organized set of documented information, including databases and other sets of interrelated information of information systems.

Classification:

1) By the department that created the information resource.

2) By owner.

3) By name.

4) By type:

Information retrieval system (IRS)

Web sites

Computer games

Database

5) By source of funding:

Budget

At my own expense