Ascii binary code. Encoding text information

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In this article: Insert an ASCII or Unicode character into a document

If you only need to enter a few special characters or symbols, you can use keyboard shortcuts. For a list of ASCII characters, see the following tables or the article Inserting National Alphabets Using Keyboard Shortcuts.

Notes:

Inserting ASCII characters

To insert an ASCII character, press and hold the ALT key while entering the character code. For example, to insert a degree symbol (º), press and hold the ALT key, then enter 0176 on the numeric keypad.

To enter numbers, use the numeric keypad rather than the numbers on the main keyboard. If you need to enter numbers on the numeric keypad, make sure the NUM LOCK indicator is on.

Inserting Unicode Characters

To insert a Unicode character, enter the character code, then press ALT and X. For example, to insert a dollar symbol ($), enter 0024 and press ALT and X. For all Unicode character codes, see .

Important: Some Microsoft Office programs, such as PowerPoint and InfoPath, do not support converting Unicode codes to characters. If you need to insert a Unicode character in one of these programs, use .

Notes:

If the wrong Unicode character appears after you press ALT+X, select the correct code, and then press ALT+X again.

In addition, you must enter "U+" before the code. For example, if you enter "1U+B5" and press ALT+X, the text "1µ" will be displayed, and if you enter "1B5" and press ALT+X, the symbol "Ƶ" will be displayed.

Using the symbol table

A character table is a program built into Microsoft Windows that allows you to view the characters available for a selected font.

Using a symbol table, you can copy individual symbols or a group of symbols to the clipboard and paste them into any program that supports displaying those symbols. Opening the symbol table

In Windows 10, enter the word "symbol" in the search box on the taskbar and select the symbol table from the search results.

In Windows 8, type "symbol" on the Start screen and select the symbol table from the search results.

In Windows 7, click the Start button, select All Programs, Accessories, System Tools, and then click Character Map.

Characters are grouped by font. Click the font list to select the appropriate character set. To select a symbol, click it, then click the Select button. To insert a symbol, right-click the desired location in the document and select Paste.

Frequently used character codes

For a complete list of characters, see Computer, ASCII Character Code Table, or Unicode Character Tables Organized by Set.

Glyph

Currency

Legal symbols

Mathematical symbols

Fractions

Punctuation and dialect symbols

Shape symbols

Commonly used diacritics codes

For a complete list of glyphs and corresponding codes, see.

Glyph

Non-printing ASCII control characters

The characters used to control some peripheral devices, such as printers, are numbered 0–31 in the ASCII table. For example, the page feed/new page character is number 12. This character tells the printer to move to the beginning of the next page.

Table of non-printing ASCII control characters

Decimal number	Sign	Decimal number	Sign
		Freeing the data channel
Start of title		First device control code
Beginning of text		Second device control code
End of text		Third device control code
End of transmission		Fourth device control code
	five-pointed	Negative confirmation
Confirmation		Synchronous transmission mode
Sound signal		End of transmitted data block

Horizontal tabulation		End of media
Line feed/new line		Replacement symbol
Vertical tab			exceed
Page translation/new page	Twelve	File separator
Carriage return		Group separator
Shift without storing bits		Record separator
Bit-preserving shift	fifteen	Data separator

According to the International Telecommunication Union, in 2016, three and a half billion people used the Internet with some regularity. Most of them don’t even think about the fact that any messages they send via PC or mobile gadgets, as well as texts that are displayed on all kinds of monitors, are actually combinations of 0 and 1. This representation of information is called encoding. It ensures and greatly facilitates its storage, processing and transmission. In 1963, the American ASCII encoding was developed, which is the subject of this article.

Presenting information on a computer

From the point of view of any electronic computer, text is a set of individual characters. These include not only letters, including capital ones, but also punctuation marks and numbers. In addition, special characters “=”, “&”, “(” and spaces are used.

The set of characters that make up the text is called the alphabet, and their number is called cardinality (denoted as N). To determine it, the expression N = 2^b is used, where b is the number of bits or the information weight of a particular symbol.

It has been proven that an alphabet with a capacity of 256 characters can represent all the necessary characters.

Since 256 represents the 8th power of two, the weight of each character is 8 bits.

A unit of measurement of 8 bits is called 1 byte, so it is customary to say that any character in text stored on a computer takes up one byte of memory.

How is coding done?

Any texts are entered into the memory of a personal computer using keyboard keys on which numbers, letters, punctuation marks and other symbols are written. They are transferred to RAM in binary code, i.e. each character is associated with a decimal code familiar to humans, from 0 to 255, which corresponds to a binary code - from 00000000 to 11111111.

Byte-byte character encoding allows the processor performing text processing to access each character individually. At the same time, 256 characters are quite enough to represent any symbolic information.

ASCII character encoding

This abbreviation in English stands for code for information interchange.

Even at the dawn of computerization, it became obvious that it was possible to come up with a wide variety of ways to encode information. However, to transfer information from one computer to another, it was necessary to develop a unified standard. So, in 1963, the ASCII encoding table appeared in the USA. In it, any symbol of the computer alphabet is associated with its serial number in binary representation. ASCII was originally used only in the United States and later became an international standard for PCs.

ASCII codes are divided into 2 parts. Only the first half of this table is considered the international standard. It includes characters with serial numbers from 0 (coded as 00000000) to 127 (coded 01111111).

Serial number	ASCII text encoding	Symbol
	0000 0000 - 0001 1111	Characters with N from 0 to 31 are called control characters. Their function is to “manage” the process of displaying text on a monitor or printing device, giving a sound signal, etc.
	0010 0000 - 0111 1111	Characters from N from 32 to 127 (standard part of the table) - upper and lowercase letters of the Latin alphabet, 10th digits, punctuation marks, as well as various brackets, commercial and other symbols. The character 32 represents a space.
	1000 0000 - 1111 1111	Characters with N from 128 to 255 (alternative part of the table or code page) can have different variants, each of which has its own number. The code page is used to specify national alphabets that are different from Latin. In particular, it is with its help that ASCII encoding for Russian characters is carried out.

In the table, the encodings are capitalized and follow each other in alphabetical order, and the numbers are in ascending order. This principle remains the same for the Russian alphabet.

Control characters

The ASCII encoding table was originally created for receiving and transmitting information via a device that has not been used for a long time, such as a teletype. In this regard, non-printable characters were included in the character set, used as commands to control this device. Similar commands were used in such pre-computer messaging methods as Morse code, etc.

The most common teletype character is NUL (00). It is still used today in most programming languages to indicate the end of a line.

Where is ASCII encoding used?

The American Standard Code is needed not only for entering text information on the keyboard. It is also used in graphics. In particular, in ASCII Art Maker, the images of the various extensions represent a spectrum of ASCII characters.

There are two types of such products: those that perform the function of graphic editors by converting images into text and those that convert “drawings” into ASCII graphics. For example, the famous emoticon is a prime example of an encoding symbol.

ASCII can also be used when creating an HTML document. In this case, you can enter a certain set of characters, and when viewing the page, a symbol that corresponds to this code will appear on the screen.

ASCII is also necessary for creating multilingual websites, since characters that are not included in a specific national table are replaced by ASCII codes.

Some features

ASCII was originally used to encode text information using 7 bits (one was left blank), but today it works as 8 bits.

The letters located in the columns located above and below differ from each other in only one single bit. This significantly reduces the complexity of the audit.

Using ASCII in Microsoft Office

If necessary, this type of text information encoding can be used in Microsoft text editors such as Notepad and Office Word. However, you may not be able to use some functions when typing in this case. For example, you won't be able to use bold text because ASCII encoding only preserves the meaning of the information, ignoring its general appearance and form.

Standardization

The ISO organization has adopted ISO 8859 standards. This group defines eight-bit encodings for different language groups. Specifically, ISO 8859-1 is an Extended ASCII table for the United States and Western European countries. And ISO 8859-5 is a table used for the Cyrillic alphabet, including the Russian language.

For a number of historical reasons, the ISO 8859-5 standard was used for a very short time.

For the Russian language, the following encodings are actually used at the moment:

CP866 (Code Page 866) or DOS, which is often called alternative GOST encoding. It was actively used until the mid-90s of the last century. At the moment it is practically not used.
KOI-8. The encoding was developed in the 1970s and 80s, and is currently the generally accepted standard for email messages on the RuNet. It is widely used in Unix operating systems, including Linux. The “Russian” version of KOI-8 is called KOI-8R. In addition, there are versions for other Cyrillic languages, such as Ukrainian.
Code Page 1251 (CP 1251, Windows - 1251). Developed by Microsoft to provide support for the Russian language in the Windows environment.

The main advantage of the first CP866 standard was the preservation of pseudographic characters in the same positions as in Extended ASCII. This made it possible to run foreign-made text programs, such as the famous Norton Commander, without modifications. Currently, CP866 is used for programs developed for Windows that run in full-screen text mode or in text windows, including FAR Manager.

Computer texts written in CP866 encoding are quite rare these days, but it is the one that is used for Russian file names in Windows.

"Unicode"

At the moment, this encoding is the most widely used. Unicode codes are divided into areas. The first (U+0000 to U+007F) includes ASCII characters with codes. This is followed by the character areas of various national scripts, as well as punctuation marks and technical symbols. In addition, some Unicode codes are reserved in case there is a need to include new characters in the future.

Now you know that in ASCII, each character is represented as a combination of 8 zeros and ones. To non-specialists, this information may seem unnecessary and uninteresting, but don’t you want to know what’s going on “in the brains” of your PC?!

By the way, on our website you can convert any text into decimal, hexadecimal, binary code using the Online Code Calculator.

ASCII table

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

Summary table of ASCII codes

ASCII Windows Character Code Table (Win-1251)

		Symbol









		specialist. Tabulation
		specialist. LF (Carriage Return)


		specialist. CR (New Line)


















		clutch SP (Space)

		Symbol

Extended ASCII Code Table

Formatting symbols.

	Backspace (Return one character). Indicates that the print mechanism or display cursor is moving back one position.
	Horizontal Tabulation. Indicates the movement of the print engine or display cursor to the next prescribed "tab stop".
	Line Feed. Indicates the movement of the print mechanism or display cursor to the beginning of the next line (down one line).
	Vertical Tabulation. Indicates the movement of the print mechanism or display cursor to the next group of lines.
	Form Feed. Indicates the movement of the print engine or display cursor to the starting position of the next page, form, or screen.
	Carriage Return. Indicates the movement of the print mechanism or display cursor to the home (leftmost) position of the current line.

Data transfer.

	Start of Heading. Used to define the start of a header, which may contain routing information or an address.
	Start of Text. Shows the beginning of the text and at the same time the end of the title.
	End of Text. Applies when ending text that began with the STX character.
	Inquiry. Request for identification data (such as "Who are you?") from a remote station.
	Acknowledge. The receiving device transmits this character to the sender as confirmation of successful reception of the data.
	Negative Acknowledgment. The receiving device transmits this character to the sender in case of denial (failure) of data reception.
	Synchronous/Idle. Used in synchronized transmission systems. When there is no data transmission, the system continuously sends SYN symbols to ensure synchronization.
	End of Transmission Block. Indicates the end of a data block for communication purposes. Used to split large amounts of data into separate blocks.

Dividing marks when transmitting information. Other symbols.

	Null. (No character - no data). Used for transmission when there is no data.
	Bell (Call). Used to control alarm devices.
	Shift Out. Indicates that all subsequent codewords must be interpreted according to the external character set before the arrival of the SI character.
	Shift In. Indicates that subsequent codewords must be interpreted according to the standard character set.
	Data Link Escape. Changing the meaning of the following characters. Used for additional control or for transmitting an arbitrary combination of bits.
DC1, DC2, DC3, DC4	Device Controls. Symbols for operating auxiliary devices (special functions).
	Cancel. Indicates that data that precedes this character in a message or block should be ignored (usually if an error is detected).
	End of Medium. Indicates the physical end of a tape or other storage medium
	Substitute. Used to replace an erroneous or invalid character.
	Escape (Expansion). Used to expand code by indicating that a subsequent character has an alternative meaning.
	Space. A non-printing character used to separate words or move the print engine or display cursor forward one position.
	Delete. Used to remove (erase) the previous character in a message

[8-bit encodings: ASCII, KOI-8R and CP1251] The first encoding tables created in the USA did not use the eighth bit in a byte. The text was represented as a sequence of bytes, but the eighth bit was not taken into account (it was used for official purposes).

The ASCII table (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) has become a generally accepted standard. The first 32 characters of the ASCII table (00 to 1F) were used for non-printing characters. They were designed to control a printing device, etc. The rest - from 20 to 7F - are regular (printable) characters.

Table 1 - ASCII encoding

Dec Hex Oct Char Description

0	0	000		null
1	1	001		start of heading
2	2	002		start of text
3	3	003		end of text
4	4	004		end of transmission
5	5	005		inquiry
6	6	006		acknowledge
7	7	007		bell
8	8	010		backspace
9	9	011		horizontal tab
10	A	012		new line
11	B	013		vertical tab
12	C	014		new page
13	D	015		carriage return
14	E	016		shift out
15	F	017		shift in
16	10	020		data link escape
17	11	021		device control 1
18	12	022		device control 2
19	13	023		device control 3
20	14	024		device control 4
21	15	025		negative acknowledge
22	16	026		synchronous idle
23	17	027		end of trans. block
24	18	030		cancel
25	19	031		end of medium
26	1A	032		substitute
27	1B	033		escape
28	1C	034		file separator
29	1D	035		group separator
30	1E	036		record separator
31	1F	037		unit separator
32	20	040		space
33	21	041	!
34	22	042	"
35	23	043	#
36	24	044	$
37	25	045	%
38	26	046	&
39	27	047	"
40	28	050	(
41	29	051	)
42	2A	052	*
43	2B	053	+
44	2C	054	,
45	2D	055	-
46	2E	056	.
47	2F	057	/
48	30	060	0
49	31	061	1
50	32	062	2
51	33	063	3
52	34	064	4
53	35	065	5
54	36	066	6
55	37	067	7
56	38	070	8
57	39	071	9
58	3A	072	:
59	3B	073	;
60	3C	074	<
61	3D	075	=
62	3E	076	>
63	3F	077	?

Dec Hex Oct Char

64	40	100	@
65	41	101	A
66	42	102	B
67	43	103	C
68	44	104	D
69	45	105	E
70	46	106	F
71	47	107	G
72	48	110	H
73	49	111	I
74	4A	112	J
75	4B	113	K
76	4C	114	L
77	4D	115	M
78	4E	116	N
79	4F	117	O
80	50	120	P
81	51	121	Q
82	52	122	R
83	53	123	S
84	54	124	T
85	55	125	U
86	56	126	V
87	57	127	W
88	58	130	X
89	59	131	Y
90	5A	132	Z
91	5B	133	[
92	5C	134	\
93	5D	135	]
94	5E	136	^
95	5F	137	_
96	60	140	`
97	61	141	a
98	62	142	b
99	63	143	c
100	64	144	d
101	65	145	e
102	66	146	f
103	67	147	g
104	68	150	h
105	69	151	i
106	6A	152	j
107	6B	153	k
108	6C	154	l
109	6D	155	m
110	6E	156	n
111	6F	157	o
112	70	160	p
113	71	161	q
114	72	162	r
115	73	163	s
116	74	164	t
117	75	165	u
118	76	166	v
119	77	167	w
120	78	170	x
121	79	171	y
122	7A	172	z
123	7B	173	{
124	7C	174	\|
125	7D	175	}
126	7E	176	~
127	7F	177	DEL

As is easy to see, this encoding contains only Latin letters, and those that are used in the English language. There are also arithmetic and other service symbols. But there are neither Russian letters, nor even special Latin ones for German or French. This is easy to explain - the encoding was developed specifically as an American standard. As computers began to be used throughout the world, other characters needed to be encoded.

To do this, it was decided to use the eighth bit in each byte. This made 128 more values available (from 80 to FF) that could be used to encode characters. The first of the eight-bit tables - “extended ASCII” ( Extended ASCII) - included various variants of Latin characters used in some languages of Western Europe. It also contained other additional symbols, including pseudographics.

Pseudographic characters allow you to provide some semblance of graphics by displaying only text characters on the screen. For example, the file management program FAR Manager works using pseudographics.

There were no Russian letters in the Extended ASCII table. Russia (formerly the USSR) and other countries created their own encodings that made it possible to represent specific “national” characters in 8-bit text files - Latin letters of the Polish and Czech languages, Cyrillic (including Russian letters) and other alphabets.

In all encodings that have become widespread, the first 127 characters (that is, the byte value with the eighth bit equal to 0) are the same as ASCII. So an ASCII file works in either of these encodings; The letters of the English language are represented in the same way.

The ISO organization (International Standardization Organization) has adopted the ISO 8859 group of standards. It defines 8-bit encodings for different language groups. So, ISO 8859-1 is an Extended ASCII table for the USA and Western Europe. And ISO 8859-5 is a table for the Cyrillic alphabet (including Russian).

However, for historical reasons, the ISO 8859-5 encoding did not take root. In reality, the following encodings are used for the Russian language:

Code Page 866 (CP866), aka “DOS”, aka “alternative GOST encoding”. Widely used until the mid-90s; now used to a limited extent. Practically not used for distributing texts on the Internet.
- KOI-8. Developed in the 70-80s. It is a generally accepted standard for transmitting email messages on the Russian Internet. It is also widely used in operating systems of the Unix family, including Linux. The Russian-language version of KOI-8 is called KOI-8R; There are versions for other Cyrillic languages (for example, KOI8-U is a version for the Ukrainian language).
- Code Page 1251, CP1251, Windows-1251. Developed by Microsoft to support the Russian language in Windows.

The main advantage of the CP866 was the preservation of pseudo-graphics characters in the same places as in Extended ASCII; therefore, foreign text programs, for example, the famous Norton Commander, could work without changes. The CP866 is now used for Windows programs running in text windows or full-screen text mode, including FAR Manager.

Texts in CP866 have been quite rare in recent years (but it is used to encode Russian file names in Windows). Therefore, we will dwell in more detail on two other encodings - KOI-8R and CP1251.

As you can see, in the CP1251 encoding table, Russian letters are arranged in alphabetical order (with the exception, however, of the letter E). This arrangement makes it very easy for computer programs to sort alphabetically.

But in KOI-8R the order of Russian letters seems random. But actually it is not.

In many older programs, the 8th bit was lost when processing or transmitting text. (Now such programs are practically “extinct”, but in the late 80s - early 90s they were widespread). To get a 7-bit value from an 8-bit value, just subtract 8 from the most significant digit; for example, E1 becomes 61.

Now compare KOI-8R with the ASCII table (Table 1). You will find that Russian letters are placed in clear correspondence with Latin ones. If the eighth bit disappears, lowercase Russian letters turn into uppercase Latin letters, and uppercase Russian letters turn into lowercase Latin ones. So, E1 in KOI-8 is the Russian “A”, while 61 in ASCII is the Latin “a”.

So, KOI-8 allows you to maintain the readability of Russian text when the 8th bit is lost. “Hello everyone” becomes “pRIWET WSEM”.

Recently, both the alphabetical order of characters in the encoding table and readability with the loss of the 8th bit have lost their decisive importance. The eighth bit in modern computers is not lost during transmission or processing. And alphabetical sorting is done taking into account the encoding, and not by simply comparing codes. (By the way, the CP1251 codes are not completely arranged alphabetically - the letter E is not in its place).

Due to the fact that there are two common encodings, when working with the Internet (mail, browsing Web sites), you can sometimes see a meaningless set of letters instead of Russian text. For example, “I AM SBYUFEMHEL.” These are just the words “with respect”; but they were encoded in CP1251 encoding, and the computer decoded the text using the KOI-8 table. If the same words, on the contrary, were encoded in KOI-8, and the computer decoded the text according to the CP1251 table, the result would be “U HCHBTSEOYEN”.

Sometimes it happens that a computer deciphers Russian-language letters using a table not intended for the Russian language. Then, instead of Russian letters, a meaningless set of symbols appears (for example, Latin letters of Eastern European languages); they are often called “crocozybras”.

In most cases, modern programs cope with determining the encodings of Internet documents (emails and Web pages) independently. But sometimes they “misfire”, and then you can see strange sequences of Russian letters or “krokozyabry”. As a rule, in such a situation, to display real text on the screen, it is enough to select the encoding manually in the program menu.

Information from the page http://open-office.edusite.ru/TextProcessor/p5aa1.html was used for this article.

Material taken from the site:

Dec	Hex	Symbol	Dec	Hex	Symbol
000	00	specialist. NOP	128	80	Ђ
001	01	specialist. SOH	129	81	Ѓ
002	02	specialist. STX	130	82	‚
003	03	specialist. ETX	131	83	ѓ
004	04	specialist. EOT	132	84	„
005	05	specialist. ENQ	133	85	…
006	06	specialist. ACK	134	86	†
007	07	specialist. BEL	135	87	‡
008	08	specialist. B.S.	136	88	€
009	09	specialist. TAB	137	89	‰
010	0A	specialist. LF	138	8A	Љ
011	0B	specialist. VT	139	8B	‹ ‹
012	0C	specialist. FF	140	8C	Њ
013	0D	specialist. CR	141	8D	Ќ
014	0E	specialist. SO	142	8E	Ћ
015	0F	specialist. S.I.	143	8F	Џ
016	10	specialist. DLE	144	90	ђ
017	11	specialist. DC1	145	91	‘
018	12	specialist. DC2	146	92	’
019	13	specialist. DC3	147	93	“
020	14	specialist. DC4	148	94	”
021	15	specialist. N.A.K.	149	95
022	16	specialist. SYN	150	96	–
023	17	specialist. ETB	151	97	—
024	18	specialist. CAN	152	98
025	19	specialist. E.M.	153	99	™
026	1A	specialist. SUB	154	9A	љ
027	1B	specialist. ESC	155	9B	›
028	1C	specialist. FS	156	9C	њ
029	1D	specialist. G.S.	157	9D	ќ
030	1E	specialist. R.S.	158	9E	ћ
031	1F	specialist. US	159	9F	џ
032	20	clutch SP (Space)	160	A0
033	21	!	161	A1	Ў
034	22	"	162	A2	ў
035	23	#	163	A3	Ћ
036	24	$	164	A4	¤
037	25	%	165	A5	Ґ
038	26	&	166	A6	¦
039	27	"	167	A7	§
040	28	(	168	A8	Yo
041	29	)	169	A9	©
042	2A	*	170	A.A.	Є
043	2B	+	171	AB	«
044	2C	,	172	A.C.	¬
045	2D	-	173	AD
046	2E	.	174	A.E.	®
047	2F	/	175	A.F.	Ї
048	30	0	176	B0	°
049	31	1	177	B1	±
050	32	2	178	B2	І
051	33	3	179	B3	і
052	34	4	180	B4	ґ
053	35	5	181	B5	µ
054	36	6	182	B6	¶
055	37	7	183	B7	·
056	38	8	184	B8	e
057	39	9	185	B9	№
058	3A	:	186	B.A.	є
059	3B	;	187	BB	»
060	3C	<	188	B.C.	ј
061	3D	=	189	BD	Ѕ
062	3E	>	190	BE	ѕ
063	3F	?	191	B.F.	ї
064	40	@	192	C0	A
065	41	A	193	C1	B
066	42	B	194	C2	IN
067	43	C	195	C3	G
068	44	D	196	C4	D
069	45	E	197	C5	E
070	46	F	198	C6	AND
071	47	G	199	C7	Z
072	48	H	200	C8	AND
073	49	I	201	C9	Y
074	4A	J	202	C.A.	TO
075	4B	K	203	C.B.	L
076	4C	L	204	CC	M
077	4D	M	205	CD	N
078	4E	N	206	C.E.	ABOUT
079	4F	O	207	CF	P
080	50	P	208	D0	R
081	51	Q	209	D1	WITH
082	52	R	210	D2	T
083	53	S	211	D3	U
084	54	T	212	D4	F
085	55	U	213	D5	X
086	56	V	214	D6	C
087	57	W	215	D7	H
088	58	X	216	D8	Sh
089	59	Y	217	D9	SCH
090	5A	Z	218	D.A.	Kommersant
091	5B	[	219	D.B.	Y
092	5C	\	220	DC	b
093	5D	]	221	DD	E
094	5E	^	222	DE	YU
095	5F	_	223	DF	I
096	60	`	224	E0	A
097	61	a	225	E1	b
098	62	b	226	E2	V
099	63	c	227	E3	G
100	64	d	228	E4	d
101	65	e	229	E5	e
102	66	f	230	E6	and
103	67	g	231	E7	h
104	68	h	232	E8	And
105	69	i	233	E9	th
106	6A	j	234	E.A.	To
107	6B	k	235	E.B.	l
108	6C	l	236	E.C.	m
109	6D	m	237	ED	n
110	6E	n	238	E.E.	O
111	6F	o	239	EF	P
112	70	p	240	F0	R
113	71	q	241	F1	With
114	72	r	242	F2	T
115	73	s	243	F3	at
116	74	t	244	F4	f
117	75	u	245	F5	X
118	76	v	246	F6	ts
119	77	w	247	F7	h
120	78	x	248	F8	w
121	79	y	249	F9	sch
122	7A	z	250	F.A.	ъ
123	7B	{	251	FB	s
124	7C	\|	252	F.C.	b
125	7D	}	253	FD	uh
126	7E	~	254	F.E.	Yu
127	7F	Specialist. DEL	255	FF	I

ASCII Windows character code table.
Description of special (control) characters It should be noted that initially control characters of the ASCII table were used to ensure data exchange via teletype, data entry from punched tape and for simple control of external devices.
Currently, most of the ASCII table control characters no longer carry this load and can be used for other purposes. Code Description

NUL, 00	Null, empty
SOH, 01	Start Of Heading
STX, 02	Start of TeXt, the beginning of the text.
ETX, 03	End of TeXt, end of text
EOT, 04	End of Transmission
ENQ, 05	Enquire. Please confirm
ACK, 06	Acknowledgment. I confirm
BEL, 07	Bell, call
BS, 08	Backspace, go back one character
TAB, 09	Tab, horizontal tab
LF, 0A	Line Feed, line feed. Nowadays in most programming languages it is denoted as \n
VT, 0B	Vertical Tab, vertical tabulation.
FF, 0C	Form Feed, page feed, new page
CR, 0D	Carriage Return, carriage return. Nowadays in most programming languages it is denoted as \r
SO,0E	Shift Out, change the color of the ink ribbon in the printing device
SI,0F	Shift In, return the color of the ink ribbon in the printing device back
DLE, 10	Data Link Escape, switching the channel to data transmission
DC1, 11 DC2, 12 DC3, 13 DC4, 14	Device Control, device control symbols
NAK, 15	Negative Acknowledgment, I do not confirm.
SYN, 16	Synchronization. Synchronization symbol
ETB, 17	End of Text Block, end of the text block
CAN, 18	Cancel, canceling previously transferred
EM, 19	End of Medium
SUB, 1A	Substitute, substitute. Placed in place of a symbol whose meaning was lost or corrupted during transmission
ESC, 1B	Escape Control Sequence
FS, 1C	File Separator, file separator
GS, 1D	Group Separator
RS, 1E	Record Separator, record separator
US, 1F	Unit Separator
DEL, 7F	Delete, erase the last character.