Brightness 200 cd m2 good or bad. Defining characteristics of televisions. High Definition Standard Formats

In order for the monitor to have less of a negative impact on the eyes, it is necessary to minimize the impact of its rays and the load on the visual apparatus. If you are deciding which monitor is better for your eyes, pay attention to the following characteristics:

In working condition, the screens should be free of any glare;
It should have a matte body, as well as a keyboard;
The screen contrast should be high (at least 600:1 - 700:1).

Most computer stores use marketing gimmicks. And in the specifications they indicate a contrast ratio of 1,000,000:1. This is not cheating at all. But there is one caveat. This data is an indicator of a completely black or completely white picture on the screen. When adding any other color (which is necessary), such a characteristic is simply impossible.

LED screens are good eye monitors. They cause minimal harm to the visual apparatus due to the presence of LEDs. Such screens have the following positive characteristics:

The contrast required for the eyes;
High picture clarity;
High brightness;
Low energy consumption;
Affordable price;
Environmental friendliness.

If you are thinking about which monitor is best to choose for eye health, then pay attention to LCD screens. LCDs are the most expensive on the market. This is due to the fact that cyanophenyl is used in their production. Although this substance is in a liquid state, it still retains all the properties of crystals. The price of such screens directly depends on the size. Small in size, accessible to almost everyone. In addition to the fact that such a monitor practically does not tire the eyes, it also does not emit electromagnetic waves. And this has a positive effect on the general condition of the body.

Types of matrix

If you care about your vision, then purchase a monitor with a VA matrix (MVA, PVA and others) or S-IPS. They cause the least harm to your eyes.

Matrices VA, MVA, PVA have less negative impact on the visual apparatus. They allow the screen to project images with high definition. But the price for them, thanks to their excellent characteristics, is not small.

The S-IPS matrix is quite rare. But a monitor with it has fairly high performance and causes minimal harm to eye health. Its cost is quite high. But you must admit, no money can replace health.

Other required characteristics

When purchasing a monitor, also pay attention to the following parameters:

Good color rendering performance.
Minimum response time.
Large viewing angle.

What is needed to minimize negative impact

So, after you have purchased a computer monitor, following all the recommendations listed above, its negative impact can be further reduced. To do this, you need to install the screen at a certain distance.

Don't sit too close to the monitor!

Final choice

So, having studied all the characteristics of screens, the best for our eyes are screens with the following characteristics:

Economical option. Equipped with a TFT-TN matrix. Has a brightness of 200 cd/m2. Has a contrast ratio of 600:1. The screen size is 17-19 inches.
Standard option. TFT-MVA matrix. Brightness 250 cd/m2. Contrast ratio 800:1. Monitor size 19-23 inches.
High class. Matrix TFT-IPS. Brightness 300 cd/m2. Contrast ratio 1000:1. Size 23 inches or larger.

We continue to understand modern technologies and characteristics of TVs. IN we talked about characteristics such as screen type, diagonal and resolution. Now we will look at equally important characteristics of TVs: matrix response time, contrast, brightness, viewing angles.

Parameter matrix response time began to gain importance with the advent of televisions, the screen of which is a matrix. When choosing a plasma TV, you can ignore this indicator. Response time is measured in milliseconds (ms) and expresses the time it takes for a pixel to transition from one state to another (for example, going from white to black to white again). On average, the response time of LCD screens ranges from 2 to 10 ms.

The response time of the LCD/LED screen matrix becomes important when viewing dynamic scenes. In such cases, televisions with a long response time produce a “blurred” picture: trails of residual glow form behind fast-moving objects. To avoid spoiling your shopping experience, select the response time according to the purpose of using your TV. For watching movies and TV shows, a screen with a response time of 8-10 ms is suitable, but if you plan to connect a computer, limit the value to 5 ms.

CONTRAST

Under contrast It is customary to understand the ratio of the brightness of the light part of the TV screen to the dark part. For example, a value of 10,000:1 means that the white areas are 10,000 times brighter than the dark areas. Contrast level is determined by how saturated the dark color appears and how bright the white color appears. The higher the contrast, the more details and shades can be seen on the screen.

For high-quality video playback in HD format, the matrix’s own (static) contrast is not enough, so manufacturers have come up with a technology that allows them to increase this indicator. Modern TVs automatically adjust screen brightness based on analysis of the frame content. For low-light scenes, less backlight is emitted, giving more depth to dark colors; bright frames, on the contrary, become brighter.

This is where the concept arises dynamic contrast, i.e. contrast measured taking into account automatic brightness adjustments. LED backlighting of the matrix has significantly increased the contrast, so LED TVs have a clear and deep image (unlike ordinary LCDs).

BRIGHTNESS

In order for the eyes to be comfortable watching TV in any lighting (natural or artificial), the TV must have high brightness. Otherwise, watching TV will cause excessive strain on your eyesight and lead to fatigue.

The brightness index is measured in luminous intensity per square meter. (cd/m2). “Plasmas” have the highest brightness, this is obvious, because the technology of plasma TVs itself involves the self-luminescence of screen elements. LCD matrices have not yet reached such brightness levels, because the stream of light emanating from lamps or LED backlights must overcome a layer of not entirely transparent liquid crystals.

Typically, the brightness value of LCD and LED TVs lies in the range of 300-600 cd/m2, while the brightness of a plasma TV is 1000 cd/m2 and higher. But don't rush to conclusions! Too high brightness entails a loss of contrast (however, some unscrupulous manufacturers, for obvious reasons, prefer not to mention this). There must be a golden mean in everything.

To make it easier for you to choose the optimal combination of contrast and brightness, consider the following data:

budget TV - brightness from 300 cd/m2, contrast from 1000:1;
mid-price TV - brightness from 400 cd/m2 , contrast from 5000:1;
expensive TV model - brightness from 600 cd/m2 , contrast from 20,000:1.

And yet, there is no such thing as too much brightness, especially since it can be easily adjusted. The only rule to follow is that you should not install your TV in front of windows, otherwise sunlight will ruin the whole experience.

VIEWING ANGLES

Viewing angle is the angle to the screen plane from which the image is visible without distortion. The characteristic became relevant with the advent of digital TV. Possible image distortions are associated with the structure of the LCD matrix itself. The fact is that the screen backlight (lamps or LEDs) is located at a very small, but still distance from the pixels of the matrix. Because of this, light enters the “gap” between the pixels and the lamps, limiting the scattering area.

In practice, this is expressed in the fact that as the viewing angle increases, we notice a decrease in brightness and contrast, and the picture quality gradually deteriorates. We see the best image when we are perpendicular to the screen. Within +/- 60 o we observe an image of acceptable quality. Consequently, a picture without distortion is available at a viewing angle of approximately 120 o.

Expensive and thin TVs have a larger viewing angle (170-175 o). Budget models are characterized by values of about 160-170 o. There's a little trick here: with proper installation, you can easily avoid "inappropriate" corners! Therefore, it is important to think about where you are going to install the TV.

For “plasma” this characteristic is not so important. A fundamentally different technology provides a large viewing angle (175-180 o).

Modern technology is developing rapidly. New TV models appear regularly, offering increasingly higher image quality. The concept of “high-definition television” emerged and firmly took root, raising the bar of experiences to a new level. The transition to all-digital television broadcasting is just around the corner, which will provide excellent detail in broadcasts and make you forget about interference. Therefore, the question quite naturally arises about replacing the home screen or buying an additional one.

There are more than 120 manufacturers and several thousand TV models in the world. Each company strives to attract buyers with new proprietary technologies and developments, which you need to understand in order to make the right choice. The purpose of this article is to help you choose a TV.

Screen type

First of all, you need to decide for what purpose you are buying the TV: will you watch news or broadcast programs, DVD or Blu-Ray movies, will you put it in the kitchen or bedroom. After all, a screen suitable for receiving a satellite signal in the living room and a TV for watching discs with films are not at all the same thing. The living room usually houses most of the components of a home media system: a DVD or Blu-Ray player, surround sound speakers, a satellite receiver, and more. The TV in the kitchen usually works for the background; in the bedroom it is needed to receive over-the-air cable and satellite TV programs and watch discs. There is no longer any need for powerful sound or connecting additional devices. If you need a TV for a child’s room, consider the possibility of connecting game consoles, a camera or a video camera to it. When this issue is resolved, you can begin to understand the characteristics of the TV.

So, first you must decide on the type of screen.

The following types of TVs are available on the market today:

Liquid crystal (LCD);

Light-emitting diode (LED);

Plasma.

They all have their advantages and disadvantages; let’s look at them in more detail.

LCD TV

LCD technology (English LCD – Liquid Crystal Display, “liquid crystal display”) is by far the most common. An LCD screen is a matrix of many dots called pixels. Each pixel is made up of three "subpixels" of red, green and blue. Liquid crystals inside the elements are capable of changing their position in space under the influence of an electric field, allowing or blocking light from backlight lamps installed behind the matrix. When all three subpixels are completely transparent, the cell is white, and when opaque, the cell is black. Halftones and shades are obtained by mixing primary colors in the required proportion. Thus, using a special chip, you can control the transparency of each pixel and form an image.

A design feature of LCD technology is the need for light to “overcome” a layer of liquid crystals, the transparency of which is not ideal. Therefore, to obtain sufficient picture brightness, it is necessary to install powerful lamps, which increases the price and power consumption of the device. The elements are not able to perfectly block the flow of light - the black color on an LCD TV screen is not actually completely black.

Disadvantages also include color distortion and loss of contrast, since the viewing angle of the LCD is not that wide. Because of this feature, LCD TVs could not gain popularity for a long time, but now, thanks to the efforts of the developers, distortion has become almost invisible.

The advantages of LCD TVs include a wide selection of models with different brightness (from 250 to 1500 cd/m2) and contrast (from 500:1 to 5,000,000:1). Thanks to this, the buyer can purchase a device that optimally combines the required image quality and an affordable price. In addition, LCD TVs are lightweight and thin, so they can be placed on the wall. But the greatest merit of liquid crystal technology is its mass availability. Due to large-scale production, prices for LCD TVs are now lower than for other similar devices.

LCD TVs have also gained popularity for their versatility. LED TVs provide comfortable viewing in almost any environment, so they are suitable for most rooms. In terms of contrast and color rendition, expensive LCD models can “compete” with plasmas, which allows them to take their rightful place, for example, in a Hi-End living room.

LED TV

The difference between an LED TV (English: Light Emitting Diode) and a liquid crystal TV is only in the matrix backlight technology: instead of fluorescent lamps, LEDs are used, due to which LED TVs have a number of advantages over LCD.

An LED TV can display more colors than a tube LCD TV, so the image looks more natural. The use of LEDs has made it possible to reduce the thickness of the screen and reduce energy consumption by up to 40% compared to LCD. Brightness and contrast performance have also improved significantly.

The only disadvantage of this technology is its relative high cost. However, the advantages of LED TVs suggest that they will eventually become leaders in this market.

Because LED TVs are based on LCD technology, they are just as versatile as LCDs. But due to its advantages, LED TV will be more preferable than LCD when it comes to your living room.

Plasma TV

The screen of a plasma TV is also a matrix of small elements, but this technology is implemented in sealed cells filled with gas - neon or xenon. If an electrical voltage is applied to the cell using special transparent electrodes, the gas inside it turns into a plasma state and begins to emit ultraviolet light. The rays strike a layer of phosphor applied to the cell wall, which, depending on its composition, emits red, green or blue light. The higher the applied voltage level, the more intense the cell glows. Different shades of color are obtained by mixing three primary colors. By controlling the voltage supplied to the cells, the electronic module forms an image on the plasma screen.

Thus, according to the principle of operation, the cells are similar to fluorescent lamps, that is, they have the property of self-luminescence, so a plasma TV has some advantages over LCD and LED.

Plasma screen TVs provide excellent image contrast and are approximately 3 times brighter than most LCD and LED screens. After all, a pixel in an inactive state does not emit anything - it is really black, and the light emitted by it in an active state has a fairly high intensity. The use of phosphor makes the colors bright and saturated. Plasma TVs, compared to LCD and LED, have a very fast response time.

Plasma technology has a number of specific design problems. The main one is the problem of the minimum cell size. Creating a small cell - essentially a gas-filled glass flask with electrodes - is quite difficult. Therefore, the development path of this technology runs counter to the development of other “matrix” visualization technologies: plasma TV screen diagonals only recently reached 32 inches, while large diagonal plasma screens (over 50 inches) have existed for quite a long time.

The availability of only models with large screen diagonals on sale has made plasma TVs a common choice for buyers who want to get the most out of watching movies in bright, rich colors.

Main characteristics of the TV:

Screen diagonal;

Permission.

Advanced TV options:

Matrix response time;

Contrast;

Brightness;

Viewing angles;

Interfaces;

Additional functions.

Screen diagonal

The screen diagonal can be considered the fundamental characteristic of a TV. It directly affects its dimensions, weight and price. Correctly selected screen diagonal largely determines the comfort and impressions received from viewing, and therefore deserves the closest attention when choosing.

Traditionally, the screen diagonal size is measured in inches and is designated, for example, as follows: 32”. It is easy to convert it into centimeters: 1 inch = 2.54 cm.

In order for viewing to be comfortable, the diagonal of the TV screen must correspond to the size of the room in which it is planned to be placed. The most common screens on the domestic market are sizes ranging from 26 to 42 inches. For a TV in the living room, the large screen diagonal size is very important, since the whole family or a group of guests can gather in this room at the same time, and each of those present must perceive the image clearly, without causing eye strain and fatigue. There can be many layout options, but in most cases, a TV with a screen diagonal of 32” or more will be optimal for the living room.

For the kitchen and bedroom it is better to choose a smaller TV, because the area of these rooms is usually smaller than the living room area. Research shows that the optimal diagonal of a TV screen should be approximately 3 times less than the distance at which it is intended to be watched. If the TV is too large for that particular room, the image on the screen will not be perceived as a whole. Some “graininess” of the picture and stepped boundaries between objects may be noticeable. This is especially true for models with a plasma screen: when viewed at too close a distance, the image tends to “disintegrate,” that is, individual pixels become noticeable. Therefore, for the kitchen we recommend choosing a TV with a screen diagonal of 20-26 inches; for the bedroom it can be a little larger - up to 32”.

Most models with a screen diagonal of 15-21” have a D-Sub input (sometimes also called “VGA”) or a DVI port, which allows you to connect the TV to a computer as a monitor.

Permission

You definitely need to pay attention to the screen resolution. This characteristic is responsible for the quality and detail of the image.

The screen of any LCD, LED or plasma TV consists of cells called pixels, the total number of which is called screen resolution. It is expressed as two numbers, the first of which indicates the number of pixels horizontally, and the second - vertically, for example, 1920x1080. High screen resolution allows the TV to display clear images with plenty of detail and smooth lines without aliasing.

A TV with a 42” screen diagonal and a resolution of 1920x1080 will show a clearer picture than one with a resolution of 1366x768 with the same diagonal. The point is that having more pixels on the same screen area means each one is smaller.

Today, the best image quality available to the general consumer is provided by a relatively new standard of digital television - HDTV or high-definition television (HDTV).

HDTV (English: “High-Definition TeleVision”) is a set of high-quality television broadcasting standards, which includes requirements for the format, resolution and method of image formation, as well as for sound quality.

High Definition Standard Formats:

720p: resolution 1280×720 pixels, progressive scan;

1080i: resolution 1920×1080 pixels, interlaced;

1080p: resolution 1920x1080 pixels, progressive scan.

Scanning, denoted by the Latin letters “i” and “p”, is a method of displaying a frame on the screen. Unlike interlacing (English “Interlacing Scan”), progressive scanning (English “Progressive Scan”) provides better image quality, that is, it completely eliminates the “comb” effect on the boundaries of objects moving horizontally, as well as the jitter of a motionless picture (for example , in pause mode). To work using progressive scan, the TV requires a more powerful and expensive processor, but support for this mode is mandatory for a modern HDTV screen.

High-definition television standards were developed by the European Information and Communication Technologies and Consumer Electronics Association (EICTA). To facilitate model identification, this organization also published requirements for the technical parameters of devices capable of processing high-definition signals. Special labeling was also approved.

Models that meet the minimum HDTV requirements are marked “HD-Ready,” which literally means “ready for HDTV.” That is, a TV with the “HD-Ready” sticker must be equipped with:

A screen with a resolution of at least 1280x720 pixels;

At least one input capable of receiving HD signals in 720p and 1080i formats. This can be an analog component input YPbPr1, or digital DVI or HDMI;

At least one digital DVI or HDMI input supporting HDCP content protection technology.

The most common resolution for HD-Ready TVs is 1366x768 pixels. Such models are forced to interpolate the 1080i signal, reducing its resolution.

The “Full HD” label is given to TVs that are capable of displaying 1080p images and must be equipped with at least one HDMI input for receiving a high-definition signal. The screen of a modern Full HD TV always has a resolution of 1920x1080.

The HDTV screen is always widescreen, that is, it has an aspect ratio of 16:9. This format covers up to 70% of the field of view of the human eye, allowing the viewer to immerse themselves deeper into the atmosphere of the film, which enhances the viewing experience.

Russian terrestrial analogue television broadcasting has a resolution of 720x576 pixels with an aspect ratio of 4:3. Video from a standard DVD is usually played in 720x480 (16:9) resolution. A logical question arises: will the new TV be able to receive signals from “non-HDTV” sources, and how will this affect the image quality?

Yes, an HDTV can receive and display a standard definition signal. In this case, an image with an aspect ratio of 4:3 can be displayed on a widescreen screen in two ways: with black stripes along the edges of the picture, or by slightly cropping the top and bottom. Some TV models have a special processing unit that clears the analog signal of noise, increases the resolution using interpolation, and applies digital smoothing algorithms, thus improving the picture to HDTV standards. However, you should not expect “miracles” from such transformations. To obtain a high-quality image, a high-definition signal is required.

Unfortunately, there is no widespread high-definition television broadcasting in Russia. This requires the modernization of a large number of television stations and the transition to fully digital television broadcasting, which is planned for 2015. Therefore, at the moment, only Blu-Ray discs, satellite or cable television, and game consoles can serve as a high-definition signal source. However, in some areas of the country, digital broadcasting is already being launched, and cable TV networks are appearing and developing.

Matrix response time

The concept of “response time” was not applied to CRT televisions, since the duration of the phosphor afterglow was quite short. But with the advent of “matrix” screens, this parameter has become of great importance.

Matrix response time is the average time during which a screen matrix element moves from one state to another. Too long a response time can result in the appearance of “trails” of residual glow behind fast-moving objects.

Typically, the time taken for a pixel to transition from white to black and then back is measured. But some manufacturers measure response time using the so-called “GtG” scheme (Grey-to-Grey). Response time is expressed in milliseconds (ms). Its typical values, for example for LCD matrices, are in the range from 2 to 10 ms.

When watching dynamic scenes in films, such as chases or fights, the short response time will prevent the picture from becoming blurry. For comfortable viewing of movies and programs, a screen with a response time of up to 8-10 ms is sufficient, but if you plan to connect the TV to a computer, you should limit your choice to models with a response time of less than 5 ms. You can ignore the response time if you buy plasma. In this case, its value is invariably small.

Contrast

Another characteristic of a TV screen that affects viewing comfort is image contrast, which is the ratio of the brightness of the lightest area to the darkest area. That is, the brighter the matrix displays white, and the deeper, more saturated black, the higher the screen contrast level. So, for example, with a contrast ratio of 1000:1, the white areas are 1000 times brighter than the black areas. High contrast allows you to distinguish more shades of colors and details of the picture.

But the inherent, “structural” (also called static) contrast of even expensive LCD matrices is still insufficient, especially when playing HD video, where the requirements for image quality are very high.

To increase the visible contrast, manufacturers have come up with a fairly effective and, at the same time, inexpensive solution. A modern TV analyzes the content of each frame and automatically adjusts the screen brightness. Thus, in low-light scenes, the backlight emits less light, making dark colors deeper, and in bright scenes, it becomes brighter, enhancing whites.

The contrast measured using this automatic backlight brightness adjustment is called dynamic contrast (DC). Its values in expensive models can reach 5,000,000:1, and acceptable image quality is provided by dynamic contrast values of about 10,000:1.

The use of LED backlighting for LCD TV matrices has significantly increased contrast, so the image on an LED TV screen looks deeper and clearer than on a conventional LCD.

Brightness

The high brightness of the screen allows you to comfortably watch TV in external, natural or artificial lighting conditions. Low brightness images are difficult to perceive and cause excessive eye strain.

The brightness of a TV screen is expressed as luminous intensity per unit area and is measured in cd/m2 (read as candelas per square meter).

Currently, the most expensive models of LCD TVs are almost equal in brightness to plasma ones, which have always won in this parameter due to the self-luminescence of screen elements. But most LCD matrices are still inferior to them, since the flow of light from lamps or LEDs has to overcome a layer of liquid crystals, the transparency of which is not absolute. Typical brightness values for LCD and LED TVs range from 300 to 600 cd/m2, while for plasmas it easily reaches 1500 cd/m2.

At the same time, brightness is not the only important characteristic of a TV, as some manufacturers try to teach it. The fact is that as the brightness of the image increases, its contrast decreases, and the colors become dull and inconspicuous, despite the declared “large color gamut.” Therefore, high screen brightness should always be combined with sufficient contrast.

Based on practical experience, we can formulate several recommendations for choosing the optimal ratio of brightness and contrast. So, for a budget TV model with a brightness of 300 cd/m2, the contrast should be at least 1000:1. In the middle segment, we recommend choosing a screen with a brightness of 400-500 cd/m2 with a contrast of about 5000-10000:1, and for the high-end class - from 600 cd/m2 and at least 20000:1.

An excess supply of brightness will not be superfluous, especially since it can always be adjusted within a fairly wide range. And of course, not every TV can compete in brightness with direct sunlight, so you should avoid installing it opposite windows.

Viewing Angles

The maximum viewing angle is another TV characteristic that appeared with the advent of digital screens. It indicates the maximum angle to the plane of the TV screen from which the image is perceived without distortion.

To understand where distortions come from, you need to take a closer look at the structure of the screen matrix - this effect is due to its very structure.

The liquid crystal matrix is a multi-layer surface and is a very thin structure. The pixels are optically isolated from each other by polarizing filters, and the backlight lamps or LEDs are located at a very small, but still non-zero distance from them. And therefore, light, passing through the cells, enters a kind of “well”, which limits the area of its dispersion.

A larger viewing angle is provided by a thinner, and therefore more expensive, matrix. Most LCD TVs have a viewing angle of 170 degrees, and flagship models have a viewing angle of 175-178 degrees.

Distortion manifests itself in the form of changes in colors on the screen and a drop in the apparent brightness and contrast of the image. As the viewing angle increases, the observer does not see a sharp drop in picture quality, but a gradual deterioration. The best results are achieved when viewed perpendicular to the screen, and in the range of approximately -60 to +60 degrees, distortion remains subtle. Thus, the optimal TV viewing angle is about 120 degrees.

Budget models usually have viewing angles of about 160-170 degrees. But if such a model is installed correctly, viewing from an “inappropriate” angle will be impossible, and you simply will not be able to notice the distortion, while saving a lot of money. A good option would be, for example, to install such a TV at the end (short) wall of a not too large room. To avoid discomfort associated with an incorrectly chosen viewing angle, you need to think about where to install the TV.

For plasma panels, the problem with viewing angles is not so acute, thanks to the features of this technology. The fact is that visible light is emitted by a layer of phosphor, which is much closer to the outer surface of the screen than the lamps or LED backlights of LCD and LED screens. Therefore, almost all plasma TVs provide a maximum viewing angle of about 175-178 degrees.

Interfaces

The TV interfaces allow you to connect other devices to it: DVD and Blu-Ray players and VCRs, game consoles, digital photo and video cameras, surround sound speakers, laptops and other attributes of a modern “digital home”.

The list of possible interfaces is quite wide:

Composite (AV). It was widespread in the era of CRT televisions, but the quality it offers does not meet today's requirements. Therefore, TVs are equipped with a composite input for compatibility with older devices. Usually presented in the form of three RCA connectors ("tulip"), one of which, usually yellow, is used for video transmission, and the other two are used for stereo audio transmission.

Component. An analog interface that transmits a video signal in the form of three image components. This eliminates the need to mix the signal at the source and then separate it at the receiver, which provides better picture quality compared to the composite input. However, digital connections are inferior, and TVs are equipped with component video and audio outputs for compatibility with older devices. Switching is carried out using RCA connectors (“tulip”). Does not transmit sound.

SCART. Combined multi-contact interface for analog transmission (input and output) of image and sound over a cable up to 15 meters long. It is a standard for devices intended for sale on the European market. The quality of video signal transmission is at the level of a component interface, but some TV models also allow two-way exchange of digital commands via SCART, for example, synchronization of the start of the TV and VCR. Compatible with composite and component interfaces using SCART-tulip adapters.

SCART-RGB. This designation is sometimes used to identify a SCART interface that supports video transmission in RGB mode, which provides better image quality.

S-Video. An analog connector used to output images to a TV from a computer, laptop, video recorder, digital camera and other devices. By choosing the appropriate adapter cable, for example, from S-Video to 4 “tulips” or from S-Video to SCART, you can connect a variety of image sources. Does not transmit sound.

D-Sub. A common standard analog video output used to connect computers to a TV. The signal transmitted over this interface is very sensitive to interference and electromagnetic interference, so the image quality depends on the quality of the cable used and its length, which can be up to 15 meters. TVs equipped with D-Sub can usually be used as full-fledged computer monitors. Does not transmit sound.

DVI. Transmits a higher quality image than D-Sub due to the use of a digital signal format and the absence of double digital-to-analog conversion. A DVI cable 4.5 meters long allows you to transmit images with a resolution of 1920x1200, and a cable 15 meters long allows you to transmit images with a resolution of 1280x1024 pixels. Does not transmit sound.

HDMI. a modern high-definition multimedia interface designed to transmit high-definition video signals (up to 2560x1440) and multi-channel audio over a single cable up to 5 meters long. It is compatible with DVI, but is used mainly for connecting various household audio/video equipment; you can also connect a computer equipped with this interface to a TV via HDMI.

Mini-jack. A stereo jack, used for audio output, is often present on the front of the TV. In this case, it is intended for connecting headphones.

Coaxial audio output (BNC). Digital interface for audio transmission. It features high signal quality and minimal interference. Used to transmit sound between a TV and a disc player or AV receiver, as well as to connect surround sound speakers.

Optical audio output (Toslink). Digital interface for surround sound transmission. Allows you to transmit a multi-channel signal without interference, thanks to the use of an optical cable that is not subject to electrical interference. Used to transmit sound between a TV and a disc player or AV receiver, as well as to connect surround sound speakers.

USB. A computer connector that has become widespread in television technology. Used to read music and videos from flash drives. Usually located on the front panel of the TV, which allows you to quickly connect a “flash drive” for viewing. In the absence of digital television broadcasting, the USB port can serve as a convenient source of HD signal.

As a rule, any TV is equipped with a large set of different connectors, but only expensive models can “boast” of having all existing interfaces, and, accordingly, versatility in connection.

When choosing a TV, you need to think in advance about what devices you plan to connect it to, and make sure that the TV model you choose has the appropriate interfaces. It is better to include in the set of ports those that may be useful in the future.

Recently, connecting devices via HDMI has become very popular. In addition to high throughput, this interface is highly versatile, and therefore many components of a modern home media system are equipped with it. Preference should be given to TV models with as many HDMI ports as possible.

Tuners

Despite the ability to connect many signal sources, receiving television programs remains an important task of the TV. Any TV has a built-in electronic unit responsible for receiving terrestrial, satellite or cable television signals, which is called a tuner (English “tuner”, literally “tuner”).

A TV may be equipped with more than one tuner. Thus, two tuners allow you to use the “picture-in-picture” (PIP) mode to display images from two television channels at once. This can be useful, for example, if you are waiting for a program to start while watching news or music videos. Often, the manufacturer indicates support for PIP mode in the specifications of a TV that has only one tuner. In this case, this function will only work when connecting additional signal sources other than the antenna: disc player, computer, video camera, satellite receiver or others.

There are three types of tuners:
analog. So far, the most relevant type of tuner for Russian buyers. Allows you to receive an analog television signal from a conventional antenna or cable TV network;

digital. Capable of receiving digital television broadcast signals. At the moment, it is practically not carried out anywhere in Russia, so the presence of a digital tuner on a TV now can only be considered as a foundation for the future;

hybrid. Combines the capabilities of digital and analog tuners. Today there are quite a lot of TVs on the market equipped with a hybrid tuner, and purchasing such a model can probably be considered the best option.

Sound

A built-in speaker system is present in almost any modern TV. Buying a TV screen for your living room usually means connecting to a home theater system, but if the target room is the kitchen or bedroom, you may want to consider the device's own audio capabilities to save space.

Inexpensive TV models can only reproduce monaural sound and use one or two speakers. More advanced ones are equipped with a built-in stereo system, in which the number of speakers can be from two to eight. Some Russian terrestrial TV channels broadcast with stereo sound in the A2/NICAM format, and in order to fully receive such broadcasts, the tuner must also support this format.

The high power of the TV's built-in speaker system is important for creating sufficient sound power in large rooms. It is rational that small diagonal TVs are equipped with acoustics with a power of 1-5 W, and large ones - 10-20 W or more. As a rule, the manufacturer selects it in such a way as to ensure comfortable sound when installing the TV in a room of a suitable size (see subsection “Screen diagonal”).

When choosing a TV for your living room, you should pay attention to the presence of a Dolby Digital processor. It will allow the TV to independently decode the signal to play a multi-channel 5.1 audio track, and if it has a built-in amplifier, output it to an external speaker system. Otherwise, you will need to connect another device equipped with a Dolby Digital decoder to get surround sound.

Additional functions

Many modern TVs have in their arsenal a set of additional features with which manufacturers expand the functionality of products. It is quite difficult to give any specific recommendations here: your choice will most likely depend on how necessary and convenient this or that function seems to you.

Some Philips TV models are equipped with the AmbiLight function, which uses additional multi-color lamps on the body to create background lighting in the room. Its color is chosen depending on the color prevailing in the scene: for example, if there is fire, the backlight will be orange-red. This allows you to enhance the impression of watching a film and achieve a more complete immersion in its atmosphere.

Panasonic TVs of the Viera series have the VIERALink function, which allows you to easily combine several devices of this brand, for example, a disc player, satellite and AV receiver into a single coordinated system and control it using just one remote control. Sony BraviaSync technology, used in Bravia series TVs, operates in a similar way.

Below is a short list of other additional features found on many TV models from different brands:

off/on timer. Allows you to set the TV to automatically turn on or off at a specific time. For example, the screen in the kitchen will turn on while you are getting ready for work;

frequency 24 Hz (24p True Cinema). Films are initially shot at 24 frames per second. But when burning them to a regular DVD, the format requires a frame rate of 25 frames per second, which leads to a slight acceleration of the image when viewing. A TV that supports this feature is able to restore the original frame rate during playback, provided that the disc player also supports it;

program guide (EPG). Electronic program guide with description. More convenient than its paper-newspaper version, but support for this function exists only for digital terrestrial or cable television broadcasting;

protection from children. Prevents children from turning on the TV when no adults are present. It can also implement blocking of individual TV channels;

teletext. Allows you to receive additional information on the TV screen, if such an opportunity is provided by local television broadcasting;

automatic volume control. TV channels and disc recordings may have different volume levels. This function automatically analyzes the volume of the source sound and adjusts it in accordance with the user-selected level;

Entering channel names. Allows you to easily identify channels using custom labels;

list of favorite channels. You can add channels that you would like to watch into it without wasting time switching programs one by one;

freeze frame (Time Shift). Gives you the opportunity to “stop time” by pausing while watching a television program. Naturally, its broadcast continues, but you won’t miss anything, since the TV saves a video recording in its internal memory that you can watch later.

Some TV models provide the ability to select operating modes: standard, game, cinema and others. Switching to the appropriate mode allows you to automatically adjust the screen settings so that they are optimally suited for the selected image type. For example, the game mode activates a special circuit to reduce the response time of the matrix and thereby eliminate the effect of blurring fast-moving objects, which is very important for games.

Buying a TV

Guided by the recommendations given and carefully analyzing the parameters, you can easily choose the TV that is most suitable for you. We hope that with the help of our tips you will be able to create a modern, high-tech, smoothly working media system in your home that will make your stay at home more fun and enjoyable.

CANDELA PER SQUARE METER

(cd/m2, cd/m2), SI unit of brightness; equal to the brightness of a luminous flat surface with an area of 1 m2 in the direction perpendicular to it at a luminous intensity of 1 cd. 1 cd/m2=10-4 = p 10-4. The former name of the unit is .

Physical encyclopedic dictionary. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. Editor-in-Chief A. M. Prokhorov. 1983 .

See what "CANDELA PER SQUARE METER" is in other dictionaries:

candela per square meter

- (Systeme International d Unites), system of physical units. quantities adopted by the 11th General Conference on Weights and Measures (1960). Abbr. designation of the SI system (in Russian transcription SI). M. s. e. designed to replace a complex set of systems... ... Physical encyclopedia

The most important units of radiant and luminous quantities of optical radiation- Value Name Dimension Notation Contains SI units Russian international Wavelength meter L M m Duration of period (period) second T s (sec.) s Speed of propagation of electromagnetic waves (speed of light) meter per second ... Veterinary encyclopedic dictionary

- | | Unit | | … … encyclopedic Dictionary

brightness- 3.1 brightness: The flux emitted in a given direction by a unit of visible surface in a unit solid angle; the ratio of the luminous intensity in a given direction to the area of projection of the emitting surface onto a plane perpendicular to a given direction... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

A characteristic of luminous bodies equal to the ratio of the intensity of light in any direction to the area of projection of the luminous surface onto a plane perpendicular to this direction. The SI unit is candela per square meter (cd/m2) ... Astronomical Dictionary

BRIGHTNESS- characteristic of luminous bodies, equal to the ratio of the intensity of light in which liter. direction to the area of projection of the luminous surface onto a plane perpendicular to this direction. The SI unit is candela per square meter (cd/m2) ... Russian encyclopedia of labor protection

Candela pro Quadratmeter- kandela kvadratiniam metrui statusas T sritis Standartizacija ir metrologija apibrėžtis SI skaisčio matavimo vienetas: cd/m². atitikmenys: engl. candela per square meter vok. Candela pro Quadratmeter, f rus. candela per square meter, f pranc.… … Penkiakalbis aiškinamasis metrologijos terminų žodynas

candela par mètre carré- kandela kvadratiniam metrui statusas T sritis Standartizacija ir metrologija apibrėžtis SI skaisčio matavimo vienetas: cd/m². atitikmenys: engl. candela per square meter vok. Candela pro Quadratmeter, f rus. candela per square meter, f pranc.… … Penkiakalbis aiškinamasis metrologijos terminų žodynas

candela per square meter- kandela kvadratiniam metrui statusas T sritis Standartizacija ir metrologija apibrėžtis SI skaisčio matavimo vienetas: cd/m². atitikmenys: engl. candela per square meter vok. Candela pro Quadratmeter, f rus. candela per square meter, f pranc.… … Penkiakalbis aiškinamasis metrologijos terminų žodynas