Increasing mac oc partition size. File formats. Disk images. Images
In order to destroy a disk in MAC OS, you need to go to “Finder” - “Programs” - “Utilities”.
Open Disk Utility.
Select the disk you want to partition and select the "Disk Partition" menu.
Next, click on the plus, set the size of the new section, this can be done using the slider between sections or specify the required size in the “Size” field. Above are the fields in which you can specify the section name and select the format.
After that, click the "Apply" button and confirm your selection by clicking the "Disk Partition" button.
Now I propose to complicate the task a little. There is an external drive/USB flash drive, you need to create two partitions on it - one to use in Windows (FAT32 or NTFS format), the other in MAC OS (in Mac OS Extended format). For this to work, you need to make the first partition a partition in MS-DOS (FAT) format - for Windows, the second partition is Mac OS Extended (journaled) - for MAC OS.
Go to "Finder" - "Programs" - "Utilities", open "Disk Utility". Select an external drive/USB flash drive and go to the “Disk Partition” menu. In the "Partition scheme" field, select "Partitions: 2", specify the Name, in this case - "Windows", format - MS-DOS (FAT) and below indicate the partition size.
MS-DOS (FAT) - in Windows FAT32, you can work with this format (upload, delete files) both in Windows and MAC OS.
Now let's move on to the second section, click on it, specify the name, in this case "MAC", format - Mac OS Extended (journaled) and size.
Application files.app
Programs that run under Mac OS X have app extensions. (from the word application). The application extension is hidden from the user's eyes, and you only see the name of the program itself. But Mac OS X cannot run Windows programs, despite an excellent understanding of PC data files - text, images, music. But the inability to run applications on Windows has a huge advantage - the evil viruses worms and Trojans that ruin the lives of almost all PC users are completely harmless on Macs.
Pkg: files with secret
Pkg (from the word Packages) are software distributions. Double-clicking will launch the installer program, which will install the new application on your computer. But the secret is that packages is not a file at all. This is a folder presented as a single file, inside which program distributions are hidden. Conduct an experiment: click on any pkg file while holding down the Cntrl key, or right-click if you have a two-button mouse. A context menu will appear in which you will see the Show Package Contents item, select it, and the contents of this folder will open in a new window. These will be the distribution files.
Why is this necessary? Packages are used to hide unnecessary service files from the user. It is much more convenient when the distribution package of the program is not a folder with a hundred or two incomprehensible files, among which you still need to find the name setup or install, but one single file with a clear name. In addition, files from Packages do not participate in the search, that is, they do not litter the search results with meaningless file names.
Creating your own Package is very simple: make a new folder, place your files there, then rename the folder by adding .pkg at the end of the name. Mac OS X will ask if you want to change the extension (this question is always asked when changing the extension), after which the folder will be converted into a single file with an open box icon. Of course, in order to make a working distribution, certain files must be placed there, otherwise it will just be files hidden from the user's eyes in a folder presented as one package.
Packages is a whole technology for hiding files, and .pkg is not the only one of its kind. Projects such as iDVD and DVD Studio Pro are saved in this package. By the way, the .app type mentioned above is also Packages. Each program is one (!) single file, and not thousands of files scattered in different directories throughout the disk, as happens in Windows. To verify this, follow the described procedure for viewing the contents of Packages by clicking on any program in the Applications folder - the Contents folder with many files of this program will open. However, during normal operation you do not see them, and they do not interfere in any way.
Disk images. Images
A very popular solution on Macs for a long time is dmg and img disk images. img was used in the Classic system, and with the advent of Mac OS X, a newer dmg format is used, although the old one is also supported.
What a disk image is is much easier to show than to tell. Double-click on such a file with the mouse, after which a new disk icon will appear on your Desktop, as if you had just connected a new disk to your Mac. You can use such a virtual disk in the same way as a regular external disk - view, edit and delete files, copy and move them to your “real” disk.
Disk images are mainly used to distribute programs over the Internet. And here we cannot fail to mention the second method of installing programs on a Mac. If, when you look at the mounted disk, you do not find the pkg installation file, then most likely you see the program itself. Just drag it into the Applications folder, and that's it, the installation is complete.
To create your own disk image, use the already mentioned Disk Utility program.
Archive files
For the convenience of transferring files over the network and saving disk space during long-term storage, archives are used. An archive is a file that contains other files in a specially compressed form. To create and read archives, special programs are used - archivers and unpackers.
The most common unpacker on Macs is the free program Stuffit Expander. This is an extremely useful application that opens almost all known archives, encoded files, and disk images. The most popular archives on Macs are archives created using the Stuffit program from the Alladin company (not to be confused with Stuffit Expander - this is only a free version, exclusively for unpacking, not creating archives):
Sit is the most common archive among Macs,
Sitx is a relatively recent new version of the sit format that provides better compression
Sea is a self-extracting version of the sit archive for the Classic system.
In addition to the ones listed, Stuffit Expander does an excellent job with other archives: rar, zip, as well as Unix formats, gzip, tar, gz, bzip.
Encoded files
Extensions .bin and .hqx. A dying technology, however, you may still encounter such files. These formats were specially invented for transferring Mac files over the Internet and to other platforms, to solve the problem described above, when a resource fork was lost during transfer and an important part of the file disappeared. Therefore, to avoid losses, special encoding of one or more files was used. In this case, the data, unlike an archive, is not compressed, so the size of such an encoded file may be even larger than the total volume of content. For unpacking, you can again use Stuffit Expander.
Text files
The Mac uses the same text document formats as the PC.
Txt - simple text file
Rtf - formatted text.
If you have MS Office for Mac installed, you can work with .doc files. However, there are alternative word processors for Mac, coming from the worlds of Unix and Linux, that allow you to work with doc files.
Pages is a file created in the Pages program from the new Apple iWork package.
PDF. The PDF format and working with it deserve a separate article, so it will be brief. To work with files in pdf format on a PC, Adobe Acrobat is usually used, but for Mac OS X this is an internal, “native” format for the system. It stores most of the service information and graphics in this format. You can view such a file using the built-in Preview program, and you can create your own pdfs in Mac OS X from any program that has a print function.
Difficulties
Difficulties often arise with files downloaded from the Internet. A typical question on the forums: “I downloaded a file with such and such an extension - what should I do with it?” But what you download from the Internet is usually more than one single file; simply, in order not to download each one separately, they are combined in one way or another into one archive. Packages is not suitable for this, because it is a folder with files, and if it is hosted on a Windows server, then you will actually see a folder. This technology only works on Macs. That's why the files are archived.
An incomprehensible file was downloaded from the Internet. Try dragging this file onto the Stuffit Expander icon. If it is an archive, it will recognize and unpack it. In any case, you should start finding out with this program.
A file downloaded from the Internet or received by mail may lose its extension along the way, and its icon in this case will look like a white piece of paper. If you can guess what the file is, or can ask the owner of the file, try renaming the stranger by adding the appropriate extension. You can also try opening the file by dragging it onto the icons of various programs while holding down the Command key. This procedure will force the program to try to open the file, even if it has the wrong extension or does not have one at all.
