System unit design for presentation. Computer system unit - abstract. Drives and controllers

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

1 slide

Slide description:

topic Components of the system unit of the State Budgetary Educational Institution "Syzran Polytechnic College" Presentation for the lesson: General composition and structure of personal computers Specialty 02/08/09 Installation, adjustment and operation of electrical equipment of industrial and civil buildings Discipline EN.02 Computer Science Developed by Shevchenko S.I.

2 slide

Slide description:

System unit The system unit is a housing that contains the main functional components of a personal computer. All computational operations take place in it. The system unit is quite complex and consists of various components.

3 slide

Slide description:

Motherboard The motherboard (motherboard, MB; mainboard) is a complex multilayer printed circuit board, which is the basis for building a computer computing system; all devices of the system unit are connected to it. Main components: system logic set (English chipset) - a set of chips that connect the CPU to RAM and peripheral device controllers. Northbridge, MCH (Memory controller hub), system controller - provides connection of the CPU to nodes using high-performance buses: RAM, graphics controller. Southbridge, ICH (I/O controller hub), peripheral controller - contains controllers for peripheral devices (hard drive, Ethernet, audio), bus controllers for connecting peripheral devices (PCI, PCI-Express and USB buses), as well as bus controllers, to which devices that do not require high bandwidth are connected. Boot ROM - stores software that is executed immediately after turning on the power. Typically, the boot ROM contains the BIOS, but may also contain software that runs within the EFI framework.

4 slide

Slide description:

The processor is the brain of the system unit and performs logical operations. The speed of the computer and its entire architecture largely depend on its speed and frequency. CPU

5 slide

Slide description:

RAM is memory for temporary storage of data in a computer, used only when the computer is running. The speed of the computer depends on the amount and speed of RAM. RAM

6 slide

Slide description:

Hard drive – serves for long-term storage of information; it contains programs necessary for the computer to operate (Windows, Office, Internet Explorer.) and user files (Mail files, if an email client is used, videos, music, pictures). HDD

Slide 7

Slide description:

A video card is a board inside the system unit, designed to connect the system unit and the monitor, transmits the image to the monitor and takes on part of the calculations for preparing the image for the monitor. The image quality depends on the video card. The video card has its own built-in RAM and its own image processing processor. The higher the frequency of the video card processor, the more powerful the video card. Video card

8 slide

Slide description:

Network card - installed on the motherboard or, as a rule, built into it. A network card is used to connect a computer to other computers via a local network or to connect to the Internet. LAN card

Slide 9

Slide description:

DVD-ROM is a device for reading/writing CDs, CDs, DVDs. These devices differ in the speed of reading or writing information, as well as the ability to read/write various media. Modern CD-ROMs are capable of reading and writing both CDs and DVDs of various capacities. CD Readers and Writers

1 of 11

Presentation on the topic:

Slide no. 1

Slide description:

Slide no. 2

Slide description:

The system unit contains: a power supply - a device that converts alternating mains voltage into direct voltage of different polarity and magnitude, necessary to power the system board and internal devices. The power supply contains a fan that creates circulating air flows to cool the system unit. system board (motherboard); backbone (system bus); processor; sound card; video card (graphics card); hard drives; floppy disk drives; optical, magneto-optical and other drives; CD-ROM, DVD-ROM drive;

Slide no. 3

Slide description:

Motherboard, processor, RAM The motherboard is the main part of the system unit to which all devices of the system unit are connected. Through the motherboard, the devices of the system unit communicate with each other, exchange information, and supply electricity. The faster the buses (device communication channels) of the motherboard, the faster the devices communicate with each other, the faster the computer works. The processor is the brain of the system unit, performs logical operations. The speed of the computer and its entire architecture largely depend on its speed and frequency. RAM is memory for temporary storage of data in a computer, used only when the computer is running. The speed of the computer depends on the amount and speed of RAM.

Slide no. 4

Slide description:

Hard drive, video card Hard drive – serves for long-term storage of information; it contains programs necessary for computer operation (Windows, Office, Internet Explorer.) and user files (Mail files, if an email client is used, video, music, pictures.). A video card is a board inside the system unit, designed to connect the system unit and the monitor, transmits the image to the monitor and takes on part of the calculations for preparing the image for the monitor. The image quality depends on the video card. The video card has its own built-in RAM and its own image processing processor. The higher the frequency of the video card processor and the more memory the video card has, the cooler (later released) games you can play on your computer.

Slide no. 5

Slide description:

Sound card, network card, CD/DVD-ROM Sound card – designed to prepare sound signals reproduced by speakers. The sound card is usually built into the motherboard, but it can also be structurally separated and connected via a bus. Network card is a board, device, installed on the motherboard or built into it. A network card is used to connect a computer to other computers via a local network or to connect to the Internet. CD/DVD-ROM – a device for reading/writing CDs, CDs, DVDs. These devices differ in the speed of reading or writing information, as well as the ability to read/write various media. Nowadays it is difficult to find anything on sale other than omnivorous CD-ROMs. Modern CD-ROMs are capable of reading and writing both CDs and DVDs of various capacities.

MBOU "Solntsevskaya Secondary School"

DEVICE AND PURPOSE OF THE COMPUTER

Teacher of Computer Science and ICT

MBOU "Solntsevskaya Secondary School"

Nikulnikov Oleg Viktorovich

What is a computer?

Computer(English) computer - calculator) is an electronic computer designed for transmitting, storing and processing information.

The computer consists of the following components:

1. System unit

2. Monitor

3. Keyboard

4. Mouse

System unit

The system unit is the main unit, inside which important components for the operation of the computer are installed. A mouse, keyboard, monitor, USB drives, printers, scanners and other peripheral devices are connected to it externally.

It contains:

1. Power supply;

2. Motherboard;

3. Central processor;

4. RAM;

5. Hard drive;

6. Video card, etc.

POWER UNIT

A device that supplies energy to all internal components of the system unit.

The more powerful it is, the better, since the more productive the devices inside the system unit, the more power they consume.

Motherboard

System (motherboard) board – the main hardware component on which the information exchange highway is implemented, there are connectors for installing a processor and RAM, as well as slots for installing additional controllers for external devices.

Thanks to the motherboard, complete interaction of the components of the computer system is ensured.

CPU

The central unit of a personal computer, designed to control the operation of all parts of the computer, as well as to calculate and process information.

In general, the MP is the “brain” of the computer.

It depends on the processor what programs and at what speed your PC will work. The leading company in the development of processors installed on PCs is Intel, as well as competing company AMD

RAM

RAM - random access memory - memory for temporary storage of data in a computer with which the user directly works.

It works ONLY when the computer is on, it is needed for the normal operation of programs and processes. As soon as you turn off the computer or reboot, the RAM is erased (reset to zero).

HDD

HDD (hard drive, HDD) – the main device for long-term storage of large amounts of data and programs.

The hard drive is where all your information and programs are stored. If your hard drive stops working, you could lose all your data.

There are also external hard drives

Video card

Video card (video adapter, graphics adapter, graphics card, graphics card, graphics accelerator, 3D card) is a device that converts an image stored in the computer's memory into a video signal for the monitor. Usually a video card is an expansion card and is inserted into a special slot for video cards on the motherboard, but it can also be integrated. Video cards have a built-in graphics processor (GP), which processes information without loading the computer's central processor.

In the modern world of computer games, powerful video cards are required, which exceed the cost of the entire system unit.

Other system unit devices

There are also other devices that are part of a personal computer:

1) A sound card is an expansion card or integrated chipset (codec) for creating sound on a computer that can be heard through speakers or headphones, or recorded using a microphone.

2) DVD\Blu-Ray – ROM – a device for reading information from optical discs, as well as writing data to them.

3) a device for reading memory cards, as well as other electronic cards for various purposes.

Monitor

Computer monitor (display) is a device designed to display text and graphic information on the screen.

Of course, a monitor is an important part of a personal computer, but it is important for the person, and not for the operation of the computer itself.

There are many different types of monitors. The most popular are LCD (liquid crystal) and plasma monitors

Keyboard

Keyboard is a device that is used to enter data (letters, numbers and other symbols) into a computer. It is an integral part of the computer and is used to control it using special keys.

Mouse manipulator

it is an input device that allows you to control the pointer in a graphical user interface

Slide 2

Computer types

Laptop computers are several options for mobile devices that can operate on battery power. Laptop PCs have the same components as regular desktop PCs. Portable PCs include laptops, netbooks, tablets, PDAs, and iPads.
A microprocessor is a miniature computer. In addition to the processing unit, it contains a control unit and even memory. This means that the microprocessor is capable of autonomously performing all necessary actions with information. Many components of a modern personal computer contain a miniature computer inside them. Microprocessors have also become widespread in production, where control can be reduced to issuing a limited sequence of commands.
A personal computer is a computer designed to be used by one user. The price, dimensions and capabilities of such a computer must satisfy the user's needs. Created as a computing machine, the computer is increasingly used as a means of access to information networks and as a platform for computer games.
The existence of different types of computers is determined by the differences in the tasks for which they are intended. Over time, new types of tasks appear, which leads to the emergence of new types of computers. Therefore, the above division is very arbitrary.
Supercomputers are a special type of computers created to solve extremely complex computing problems (making forecasts, modeling complex phenomena, processing extremely large amounts of information). The principle of operation of a supercomputer is that it is capable of performing several operations in parallel.

Slide 3

CPU

During operation, the processor reads a sequence of instructions contained in memory and executes them. This sequence of commands is called a program and represents the algorithm for the useful operation of the processor. The order of reading commands changes if the processor reads a jump command - then the address of the next command may be different. Another example of a process change would be when a stop command is received or switches to hardware interrupt mode.
The processor is the main chip of the computer, its “brain”. It executes program code located in memory and controls the operation of all computer devices. The faster the processor speed, the faster the computer will perform. The processor has special cells called registers. It is in the registers that the commands that are executed by the processor are placed, as well as the data that the commands operate on. The processor's job is to select instructions and data from memory in a specific sequence for subsequent execution.

Slide 4

Internal memory and its characteristics

Designed for temporary storage of executed programs and data processed by these programs. This is volatile memory. Physically implemented in RAM modules (random access storage devices) of various types. When the power is turned off, all information in RAM disappears.
The amount of information stored in RAM ranges from 32 to 512 MB or more. Entering information into memory and retrieving it is carried out at addresses. Each byte of the OP has its own individual address (sequence number). Address is a number that identifies memory cells (registers). The OP consists of a large number of cells, each of which stores a certain amount of information. The OP is directly connected to the processor. The capabilities of a PC largely depend on the volume of OP.

Slide 5

Cache memory

Cache memory is a very fast, small-volume storage device that is used when exchanging data between the processor and RAM to compensate for the difference in the processing speed of the processor and the somewhat slower RAM. The cache memory is controlled by a special controller, which, by analyzing the program being executed, tries to predict what data and commands the processor will most likely need in the near future, and pumps them into the cache memory. English Cache - secret warehouse

Slide 6

Drives and controllers

A disk drive is an essential peripheral device. As a peripheral device, it requires an interface card. This card is called a drive controller card. In the most general case, this card does not create any problems. If they do happen, you need to know how to detect and identify them.
All it takes is a little dirt to cause failure on both the floppy disk and the drive. Disk drives require speed adjustments, head alignment and cleaning. Adjusting the rotation speed and cleaning the heads is relatively simple. Adjusting the heads requires special equipment and is not always cost-effective, but this will be discussed later.
Besides alignment, there is also the issue of device compatibility. There are currently two types of drives: 3.5" and 5.25"; There are also “floptical” devices that allow you to store about 100 M of information on one disk with a diameter of 3.5"
If you're building a new computer, you'll most likely need one 3.5" floppy drive, since most new software is distributed on floppy disks. The article on hard drives goes into detail about servicing floppy drives.

Slide 7

System unit ports

A port is usually a connection (physical or logical) through which data is received and sent in computers.
The most commonly called port is:
A hardware port is a specialized connector on a computer designed to connect equipment of a certain type. See: LPT port, serial port, USB port, Game port.
I/O Port - Used in microprocessors (e.g. Intel) and microcontrollers (e.g. PIC, AVR) when communicating with hardware. An I/O port is associated with a device and allows programs to access it to exchange data.
Network port is a parameter of the TCP and UDP protocols.

Slide 8

View all slides

Slide 1

Slide description:

Slide 2

Slide description:

Slide 3

Slide description:

Slide 4

Slide description:

Slide 5

Slide description:

Slide 6

Slide description:

Slide 7

Slide description:

Slide 8

Slide description:

Slide 9

Slide description:

Video card Together with the monitor, the video card forms the video subsystem of a personal computer. The video card has not always been a PC component. At the dawn of the development of personal computing technology, in the general area of RAM there was a small dedicated screen memory area into which the processor entered image data. A special screen controller read data on the brightness of individual points of the screen from the memory cells of this area and, in accordance with them, controlled the scanning of the horizontal beam of the monitor's electron gun. With the transition from black-and-white monitors to color ones and with an increase in screen resolution (the number of pixels vertically and horizontally), the video memory area became insufficient to store graphic data, and the processor could no longer cope with constructing and updating the image. It was then that all operations related to screen control were separated into a separate block, called the video adapter. Physically, the video adapter is made in the form of a separate daughter card, which is inserted into one of the slots of the motherboard and is called a video card. The video adapter took over the functions of the video controller, video processor and video memory. During the existence of personal computers, several video adapter standards have changed: MDA (monochrome)] CGA (4 colors), EGA (16 colors); VGA (256 colors). Currently, SVGA video adapters are used, providing optional playback of up to 16, 7 million colors with the ability to arbitrarily select screen resolution from a standard range of values (640x480, 800x600, 1024x768, 1152x864; 1280x1024 pixels and more). Screen resolution is one of the most important parameters of the video subsystem. The higher it is, the more information can be displayed on the screen, but. the smaller the size of each individual point and, accordingly, the smaller the visible size of the image elements.