Technological losses of electricity during its transmission through electrical networks. On approval of the methodology for determining standards for losses of electrical energy during its transmission through electrical networks Determination of electrical losses order 446
MINISTRY OF ENERGY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
ORDER
On approval of the Methodology for determining standards for electrical energy losses
Document with changes made:
(Official Internet portal of legal information www.pravo.gov.ru, 09.28.2016, N 0001201609280017).
____________________________________________________________________
In accordance with (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2013, No. 47, Art. 6105)
I order:
Approve the attached Methodology for determining standards for losses of electrical energy during its transmission through electrical networks.
Minister
A. Novak
Registered
at the Ministry of Justice
Russian Federation
September 17, 2014,
registration N 34075
Methodology for determining standards for losses of electrical energy during its transmission through electrical networks
I. General provisions
1. This Methodology was developed in accordance with paragraph 2 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 13, 2013 N 1019 “On amendments to certain acts of the Government of the Russian Federation in order to change the procedure for normalizing electrical energy losses based on a comparative analysis” (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2013, N 47, Art. 6105) and establishes the procedure for determining standards for losses of electrical energy during its transmission:
through the unified national (all-Russian) electric grid (hereinafter referred to as the UNEG) based on technological losses of electrical energy in power grid facilities caused by physical processes occurring during the transmission of electrical energy, taking into account the technical characteristics of power lines and other power grid facilities that determine the amount of variable losses in accordance with the technology of transmission and conversion of electrical energy, conditionally constant losses for power lines, power transformers and other power grid facilities (hereinafter referred to as technological losses of electrical energy);
on electrical networks of territorial grid organizations based on a comparative analysis of electrical energy losses.
II. Determination of standards for losses of electrical energy during its transmission through a unified national (all-Russian) electrical network
2. Standards for losses of electrical energy during its transmission through the UNEG based on technological losses of electrical energy are determined both for the UNEG as a whole, and with differentiation by voltage levels (Appendix No. 1 to this Methodology):
330 kV and above - for branches of the UNEG management organization - main electric networks (hereinafter referred to as MES);
220 kV and below - for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in which the UNEG management organization provides services for the transmission of electrical energy.
3. Technological losses of electrical energy are calculated on the basis of data for the reporting period equal to the calendar year preceding the year in which loss standards were approved (hereinafter referred to as the base year), in electric grid facilities owned by the UNEG management organization on the right of ownership or other legal the basis on which such an organization provides services for the transmission of electrical energy through the UNEG, in accordance with the Instructions for organizing in the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation work on the calculation and justification of standards for technological losses of electricity during its transmission through electric networks, approved by order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated December 30 2008 N 326 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on February 12, 2009, registration N 13314), as amended by order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated February 1, 2010 N 36 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on February 27, 2010, registration N 16520) (hereinafter referred to as the Instructions) .
4. voltage 330 kV and higher according to the j-th MES for a regulated period () is determined by the formula:
Where:
- technological losses of electrical energy at a voltage level of 330 kV and above according to the j-th MES for the base year, thousand kWh;
- total supply of electrical energy from the network of 330 kV and above according to the j-th MES for the base year, thousand kWh.
5. The standard for losses of electrical energy during its transmission through the UNEG at a voltage level of 220 kV and below in the i-th subject of the Russian Federation, in which the UNEG management organization provides services for the transmission of electrical energy, for the regulated period () is determined by the formula:
Where:
- total supply of electrical energy from the network of 220 kV and below in the i-th subject of the Russian Federation for the base year, thousand kWh;
- technological losses of electrical energy at a voltage level of 220 kV and below in the i-th subject of the Russian Federation for the base year, thousand kWh;
- technological losses of electrical energy at a voltage level of 330 kV and above for the base year, referred to a voltage level of 220 kV and below in the i-th subject of the Russian Federation (thousand kWh), determined by the formula:
Where:
- total supply of electrical energy from the network of 330 kV and above to consumers of electric energy transmission services at a voltage level of 330 kV and above, including consumers of electric energy transmission services directly connected to the buses of substations 330 kV and above and 220 kV and below, according to the j-th MES for the base year, thousand kWh;
- total supply of electrical energy from the network 220 kV and below according to the j-th MES for the base year, thousand kWh.
6. The standard for losses of electrical energy during its transmission as a whole throughout the UNEG for the regulated period () is determined by the formula:
Where:
- total supply of electrical energy from the UNEG network for the base year (thousand kWh), determined by the formula:
Technological losses of electrical energy in the UNEG for the base year (thousand kWh), determined by the formula:
n - number of MES;
m is the number of subjects of the Russian Federation.
III. Determination of standards for losses of electrical energy during its transmission through electrical networks of territorial grid organizations
7. A comparative analysis of losses of electrical energy during its transmission through electrical networks of territorial network organizations (hereinafter referred to as comparative analysis) is carried out in relation to technological losses of electrical energy.
8. Technological losses of electrical energy are calculated for the base year in electrical grid facilities owned by territorial grid organizations on the right of ownership or on another legal basis, with the use of which such organizations provide services for the transmission of electrical energy, in accordance with the Instructions.
9. The standards for losses of electrical energy during its transmission through the electrical networks of territorial grid organizations, based on a comparative analysis, are determined by the following voltage levels:
high voltage (HV) - 110 kV and above, with the exception of electric grid facilities and (or) parts thereof leased by the UNEG management organization to territorial grid organizations;
average first voltage (CH1) - 35 kV;
average second voltage (CH2) - 20-1 kV;
low voltage (LV) - below 1 kV.
10. To conduct a comparative analysis, a sample is formed from territorial grid organizations whose volume of electrical energy losses in electrical networks is at least 90% of the total volume of electrical energy losses in territorial distribution networks for the base year.
The comparative analysis is carried out on the basis of information about territorial grid organizations for the base year at the corresponding voltage level, including:
by order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated August 31, 2016 N 875)
about the structure of the balance of electrical energy by voltage levels;
(Paragraph additionally included from October 9, 2016 by order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated August 31, 2016 N 875)
on the structure of technological losses of electrical energy;
(Paragraph additionally included from October 9, 2016 by order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated August 31, 2016 N 875)
on the length of overhead and cable power lines in single-circuit terms, with the use of which the territorial grid organization provides services for the transmission of electrical energy;
(Paragraph additionally included from October 9, 2016 by order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated August 31, 2016 N 875)
on the number and rated power of power transformers, using which the territorial grid organization provides services for the transmission of electrical energy.
(Paragraph additionally included from October 9, 2016 by order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated August 31, 2016 N 875)
11. The sample includes territorial network organizations for which, at the appropriate voltage level, technological losses of electrical energy as a percentage of the supply of electrical energy to the electrical network, including load and conditionally constant losses (hereinafter referred to as relative losses) do not exceed the maximum levels of electrical losses energy determined by the formula:
Where:
- index denoting technological, load, conditionally constant losses of electrical energy;
- maximum level of electrical energy losses, %;
- arithmetic average value of relative losses of electrical energy,%;
- standard deviation determined by the formula:
n- number of territorial network organizations at the corresponding voltage level, pcs.;
- relative losses of electrical energy of the territorial network organization, %.
by order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated August 31, 2016 N 875.
12. Based on voltage levels HV and CH1, territorial grid organizations included in the sample are divided into four groups depending on the ratio of the amount of electrical energy supplied to the electrical network and the total length of overhead and cable power lines in single-circuit terms, as well as depending on the ratio of the amount supply of electrical energy to the electrical network and the sum of the rated powers of power transformers (Appendix No. 2 to this Methodology).
According to the CH2 voltage level, the territorial network organizations included in the sample are divided into four groups depending on the share of the length of overhead power lines in single-circuit terms in the total length of overhead and cable power lines in single-circuit terms, as well as depending on the ratio of the amount of electrical energy supplied in electrical network and the sum of rated powers of power transformers (Appendix No. 2 to this Methodology).
Based on the LV voltage level, the territorial network organizations included in the sample are divided into two groups depending on the share of the length of overhead power lines in single-circuit terms in the total length of overhead and cable power lines in single-circuit terms (Appendix No. 2 to this Methodology).
(Clause as amended, put into effect on October 9, 2016 by order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated August 31, 2016 N 875.
13. The standard for losses of electrical energy during its transmission through the electrical networks of territorial grid organizations () is determined for each group of territorial grid organizations included in the sample using the following formula:
Where:
- arithmetic average value of the relative losses of electrical energy for each group of territorial grid organizations at the corresponding voltage level for the base year, %;
- standard deviation determined by formula (8) applied to the relative losses of electrical energy for each group of territorial grid organizations at the corresponding voltage level, %.
The values of the relative losses of electrical energy used to calculate the standards for losses of electrical energy by voltage levels HV, SN1 and SN2 cannot exceed the limit values of the values of conditionally constant losses of electrical energy during no-load operation of power transformers, with the use of which the territorial grid organization provides transmission services electrical energy at the corresponding voltage level () determined by the formula:
,(thousand kWh), (10)
Where:
- the calculated value of no-load power losses of power transformers corresponding to the arithmetic average value of power of power transformers of the group, with rated power k, determined in accordance with Appendix No. 3 to this Methodology, MB·A;
- number of power transformers in a group with rated power k.
The value of the relative losses of electrical energy used to calculate the standards for losses of electrical energy by LV voltage level cannot exceed 15% of the supply of electrical energy to the electrical network.
(Clause as amended, put into effect on October 9, 2016 by order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated August 31, 2016 N 875.
14. For territorial network organizations that do not use power lines to provide services for the transmission of electrical energy at voltage levels HV and MV1, the loss standards provided for voltage levels for groups of territorial network organizations with a large value of the ratio of the amount of electrical energy supplied to the electrical network are applied and the total length of overhead and cable power lines in single-circuit terms.
For territorial grid organizations that do not use power lines to provide services for the transmission of electrical energy at the CH2 voltage level, loss standards are applied, provided for voltage levels for groups of territorial grid organizations with a smaller share of the length of overhead power lines in single-circuit terms in the total length of overhead power lines. and cable power lines in single-circuit terms.
For territorial grid organizations that do not use transformers to provide services for the transmission of electrical energy at voltage levels HV, SN1 and SN2, in order to determine the amount of electrical energy losses, loss standards are applied, provided for by voltage levels for groups of territorial grid organizations with a large value ratio supply of electrical energy to the electrical network and the amount of rated power of power transformers.
(Clause as amended, put into effect on October 9, 2016 by order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated August 31, 2016 N 875.
Appendix 1. Standards for losses of electrical energy during its transmission through the UNEG for the organization managing the UNEG for the regulated period
Standards for losses of electrical energy during its transmission through the UNEG for the organization managing the UNEG for the regulated period ___________________
Name of the branch of the organization for managing the UNEG - trunk lines | Name of the subject of the Russian Federation in which | Total supply of electrical energy from the network, thousand kWh | Standard for losses of electrical energy during its transmission through the UNEG by level | Standard for losses of electrical energy during its transmission through the UNEG by level |
|
electrical networks | the UNEG management organization provides services for the transmission of electrical energy | 330 kV and above | 220 kV and below | voltage "330 kV and above", % of the total supply of electrical energy from the network "330 kV and above" | voltage "220 kV and below", % of the total supply of electrical energy from the network "220 kV and below" |
Overall for UNEG | |||||
Appendix No. 2. Ratios of the amounts of electrical energy supplied to the electrical network and the total length of overhead and cable power lines in single-circuit expression, ratios of the amounts of electrical energy supplied to the electrical network...
Appendix No. 2
electrical energy losses
when transmitted over electrical networks
(As amended as put into effect
from October 9, 2016
by order of the Russian Ministry of Energy
dated August 31, 2016 N 875. -
See previous edition)
The ratio of the amount of electrical energy supplied to the electrical network and the total length of overhead and cable power lines in single-circuit terms, the ratio of the amount of electrical energy supplied to the electrical network and the sum of the rated powers of power transformers, as well as the share of the length of overhead power lines in single-circuit terms in the total length of overhead and cable power lines in single-circuit terms
Supply of electrical energy in |
|
High voltage |
|
3500 or less | 2000 or less |
3500 or less | |
2000 or less |
|
Average first voltage |
|
700 or less | 2000 or less |
700 or less | |
2000 or less |
|
Share of overhead line length | The ratio of the amount of electrical supply |
Average second voltage |
|
2000 or less |
|
30 or less | 2000 or less |
30 or less | |
Share of the length of overhead power lines in single-circuit terms in the total length of overhead and cable power lines in single-circuit terms, % |
Low voltage |
30 or less |
________________
When determining the length of overhead and cable low-voltage power lines, only three-phase sections of the lines are taken into account.
Appendix No. 3 to the Methodology. Specific calculated values of no-load losses of power transformers
Appendix No. 3
to the Methodology for Determining Standards
electrical energy losses
when transmitted over electrical networks
(Extras included
from October 9, 2016
by order of the Russian Ministry of Energy
dated August 31, 2016 N 875)
Specific calculated values of no-load losses of power transformers
Arithmetic mean power value of power transformers, MB A | Limit design |
Average second voltage |
|
Average first voltage |
|
High voltage (110-150 kV) |
|
High voltage (220 kV) |
|
Revision of the document taking into account
changes and additions prepared
JSC "Kodeks"
Order of the Ministry of Industry dated January 1, 2001 No. 20 “Procedure for calculating and justifying standards for technological losses of electricity during its transmission through electrical networks”
(reg. No. 000 dated January 1, 2001) (SAZ 09-16)
The adoption of this Order was caused by the need to determine the procedure for developing standards for technological losses of electricity for its transmission through electric networks and standards for reducing electricity losses for the regulated period in order to reduce electricity losses in electric networks and justify tariffs for services for transmitting electricity through electric networks.
MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY
TRANSDNISTRIAN MOLDAVAN REPUBLIC
The procedure for calculating and justifying process loss standards
electricity during its transmission through electrical networks
Agreed:
Ministry of Economics
Registration No. 000
Based on Decree of the President of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic dated 01.01.01 No. 000 “On approval of the Regulations, structure and staffing levels of the Ministry of Industry of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic” (SAZ 07-10), with amendments and additions made by decrees of the President of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic dated 01.01 .01 No. 000 (SAZ 07-17), dated 01.01.01 No. 000 (SAZ 07-40), dated 01.01.01 No. 000 (SAZ 07-45), dated 01.01.01 No. 95 (SAZ 08 -6), dated 01/01/01 No. 000 (SAZ 08-24), dated 01/01/01 No. 000 (SAZ 08-25), dated September 8, 2008 No. 000 (SAZ 08-36), dated 01/01/01 Year No. 54 (SAZ 09-5), I order:
1. Approve the procedure for calculating and justifying standards for technological losses of electricity during its transmission through electrical networks (attached).
2.Send this Order for state registration to the Ministry of Justice of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic.
3. This Order comes into force on the date of official publication.
Minister P. Stepanov
Appendix to the Order
Ministry of Industry
Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
dated 01.01.01 No. 20
PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATION AND JUSTIFICATION OF STANDARDS FOR TECHNOLOGICAL LOSSES OF ELECTRICITY DURING ITS TRANSMISSION THROUGH ELECTRIC NETWORKS
1. General Provisions
1. This document defines the Procedure for developing standards for technological losses of electricity for its transmission through electric networks and standards for reducing electricity losses for the regulated period (hereinafter referred to as the Procedure).
2. This Procedure was developed with the aim of reducing electricity losses in electrical networks and justifying tariffs for services for transmitting electricity through electrical networks.
3. Standards for technological losses of electricity during its transmission through electric networks for a regulated period for an electric grid organization (hereinafter referred to as ESO) are taken into account when setting tariffs both in general for ESO and broken down by voltage range:
a) via Class I networks, at voltage - 35/110/330 kV;
b) via class II networks, at voltage - 0.4/6/10 kV;
4. For the purposes of this document, the following terms are used:
Actual (reported) electricity losses are the difference between the receipt (supply) of electrical energy into the electrical network and the release of electrical energy from the network.
Technological losses (consumption) of electricity during its transmission through electrical networks (hereinafter referred to as TPE) - losses in lines and equipment of electrical networks caused by physical processes occurring during the transmission of electricity in accordance with the technical characteristics and operating modes of lines and equipment, taking into account the consumption of electricity on own needs of substations and losses caused by errors in the electricity metering system. Determined by calculation.
Standards for technological losses (consumption) of electricity during its transmission through electric networks (hereinafter referred to as NTPE) are the calculated values of technological losses determined in accordance with this Procedure as a percentage of the amount of electricity supplied to the ESO network.
Loss standards (hereinafter - NPE) - calculated values of losses determined in accordance with this Procedure as the sum of standard technological losses of electricity and standards for reducing electricity losses for the regulated period. Determined as a percentage of electricity supplied to the ESO network.
5. The distribution of NPE for the regulated period by voltage class is carried out in absolute units within the obtained total absolute value of NPE in accordance with the Methodology for calculating standard technological losses of electricity during its transmission through electric networks in the base period (Appendix No. 1 to this Procedure).
2. Structure of technological losses of electricity during its transmission through electrical networks
6. Technological losses of electricity include technical losses taking into account the consumption of electricity for the own needs of substations and losses due to the error of the electricity metering system.
7. Technical losses of electricity consist of conditionally constant and load losses and are determined in accordance with the Methodology for calculating standard technological losses of electricity during its transmission through electric networks in the base period, which is Appendix No. 1 to this Procedure.
8. Conditionally constant losses - part of the technical losses in electrical networks that do not depend on the transmitted power.
9. Load (variable) losses - losses in lines, power transformers and current-limiting reactors, depending on the transferred load.
10. Losses caused by the error of the metering system are determined depending on the errors of current transformers (hereinafter - CT), voltage transformers (hereinafter - VT), meters and connecting wires.
11. Electricity consumption for the own needs of power plants and substations - electricity consumption by receivers that provide the necessary conditions for the functioning of power plants and substations in the technological process of generating, converting and distributing electrical energy.
3. General principles of standardization of technological losses of electricity during its transmission through electrical networks
12. Standards for technological losses of electricity during its transmission through electric networks must be calculated for the base (reporting year preceding the year of calculation) and for the regulated periods, respectively, according to the actual and forecast indicators of the electricity balance of the ESO.
13. Standards for technological losses of electricity during its transmission through electric networks for a regulated period are determined depending on the actual value of LTPE for the base period and the total indicators of the balance of electricity for the base and regulated periods in accordance with Appendix No. 2 to this Procedure.
14. Standards for technological losses of electricity during its transmission through electrical networks are calculated separately by components: conditionally constant, load and losses due to the error of the metering system.
15. Standards for conditionally constant losses of electricity are adopted based on the results of their calculations for the base period and are adjusted in accordance with changes in the composition of equipment and the length of lines for the regulated period (the method of their calculation is given in Appendix No. 1 to this Procedure).
16. Load losses of electricity for the regulated period are determined by the formula:
(1)
load losses of electricity for the base and regulated periods;
supply of electricity to the network in the base and regulated periods.
17. Electricity losses caused by the permissible error of the electricity metering system are accepted based on the result of their calculation for the base period. The methodology for their calculation is given in Appendix No. 1 to this Procedure). The standards for technological losses in absolute value for the regulated period are determined:
conditionally permanent losses of electricity for a regulated period.
18. Standard technological losses of electricity in general for ESO for the regulated period are determined as a percentage in relation to the amount of predicted electricity supply to the network:
(3)
19. The distribution of standard technological losses of electricity for the regulated period by voltage class is carried out within the limits of their total value obtained under the following assumptions:
a) the relative increases in electricity supply to the network at each voltage class for the regulated period are assumed to be the same as the increase in electricity supply to the network as a whole according to the ESP;
b) the shares of electricity supplied to the network of each voltage class as a percentage of its total supply in the base and regulated periods are assumed to be the same.
20. The distribution of standard technological losses of electricity in networks by voltage class is carried out in the following order:
In the base period:
a) the total supply of electricity is determined at each network voltage class, taking into account its transformation from networks of higher voltage classes;
b) the total supply of electricity as a whole through the ESP is determined (taking into account transformation);
c) the amount of electricity supplied to the network of each voltage class is determined as a percentage in relation to the total amount received in the base period.
In the regulated period:
a) the total amount of electricity supplied to the network (taking into account transformation) for the regulated period is determined in accordance with the specified increase in the supply of electricity to the network (balanced);
b) the amount of electricity supplied to the network for the regulated period is determined by voltage classes in accordance with their share in the base period;
c) the amount of electricity supplied to the network for a regulated period is determined by voltage class;
d) the amount of load power losses is determined at each voltage class in accordance with formula 1;
e) the total technological losses of electricity at each voltage class are determined in absolute value using formula 2;
f) the standard losses of electricity are determined at each voltage class as a percentage in relation to the supply of electricity to the network of a given voltage class according to the formula:
(4)
the magnitude of technological losses of electricity at a given voltage class;
supply of electricity to the network of a given voltage class.
21. The values of the approved standards for electricity losses of the ESO for the regulated period are determined taking into account measures to reduce losses based on the ratio of actual and standard technological losses of electricity in the base period in accordance with the Method for calculating standard losses of electricity for the regulated period given in Appendix No. 3 to this Procedure .
22. In exceptional cases, it is possible to adjust the standards for electricity losses if there is a significant change in the components of the electricity balance. The procedure for changing loss standards is similar to the procedure for their initial approval in accordance with this Procedure.
4. Requirements for the design and composition of supporting documentation
23. The materials submitted by the ESO are bookleted in a separate book and include: an explanatory note justifying the values of the standards for electricity losses for the regulation period, the results of calculating the NTPE and the standards for reducing electricity losses for the regulated period.
24. The supporting materials include data on actual balances and losses of electricity, as well as other indicators of electrical networks, prepared according to the forms for presenting initial information (Appendix to this Procedure):
For the base period:
b) structure of the electricity balance by voltage class (Table 2);
c) structure of technical losses of electricity (Table 3);
d) structure of electricity flows (Table 4);
e) measures to reduce electricity losses in electrical networks (Table 5);
f) number and installed capacity of power transformers (Table 6);
g) number and power of reactive power compensation devices (Table 7);
h) length (along circuits) of overhead and cable power lines (Table 8);
i) structure of technological losses of electricity (Table 9).
For the regulated period:
a) electricity balance indicators (Table 1);
b) measures to reduce electricity losses in electrical networks (Table 5);
c) number and installed capacity of power transformers (Table 6);
d) number and power of reactive power compensation devices (Table 7);
e) length (along circuits) of overhead and cable power lines (Table 8);
f) calculation of standards for technological losses of electricity (Table 9);
g) balance of electrical energy in class I and II networks (Table 10);
h) the program for reducing electricity losses in ESO electrical networks to the level of standard technological losses of NTPE is determined in accordance with Appendix No. 2 to this Procedure.
25. The nomenclature of elements of electricity consumption for production and economic needs of electrical networks is given in Appendix No. 4 to this Procedure.
26. All results of NTPE calculations for the base and regulated periods must be presented on paper and in electronic form: an explanatory note - in Word word processor format, calculations and database - in Excel spreadsheet format.
27. Calculations of standards for electricity losses must be carried out according to programs for which there are expert opinions approved in the prescribed manner, etc.
Software systems for calculating and normalizing losses must be based on the methods for calculating losses established by this Procedure.
28. The explanatory note must contain information about the programs used for calculating standards for technological losses of electricity in ESO electrical networks (name of the program, name of the developer, year of development of the version used, copies of expert opinions, etc.).
Application
to the Procedure for calculation and justification
technological loss standards
electricity during its transmission
via electrical networks,
approved by the Order
Ministry of Industry
Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
dated 01.01.01 No. 20
METHOD FOR CALCULATING STANDARD TECHNOLOGICAL LOSSES OF ELECTRIC ENERGY DURING ITS TRANSMISSION THROUGH ELECTRIC NETWORKS IN THE BASE PERIOD
1. Methods for calculating conditionally constant losses (independent of load).
1. Conditionally permanent losses include:
a) no-load losses of power transformers (autotransformers);
c) losses in compensating devices (hereinafter - CU) (synchronous compensators, banks of static capacitors, static thyristor compensators), shunt reactors (hereinafter - ShR), connecting wires and busbars of substation switchgears (hereinafter - SPPS);
d) losses in the electricity metering system (CT, VT, meters and connecting wires);
3. Electricity losses in the ShR are determined by formula (1) based on the power losses given in the passport data. It is allowed to determine losses in SR based on the data in Table 1.
Table 1
Electricity losses in shunt reactors (SR) and connecting wires and busbars of substation switchgears (SDPS)
Type of equipment
Specific electricity losses at voltage, kV
ShR, thousand kW. h/MV. A
in year
SPPS, thousand kW. h on PS
in year
Note. The loss values given in the table correspond to a year with 365 days. When calculating standard losses in a leap year, the coefficient = 366/365 is used.
4. Electricity losses in a synchronous compensator (hereinafter referred to as SC) or a generator switched to SC mode are determined by the formula:
maximum load coefficient of the insurance company in the billing period;
power losses in the nominal loading mode of the SC in accordance with the passport data.
It is allowed to determine losses in the insurance system based on the data in Table 2.
table 2
Electricity losses in synchronous compensators.
View
equipment
Electricity losses, thousand kW. h per year, at nominal
power SK, MV. A
Note - At SC power different from that given in the table,
Electricity losses are determined using linear interpolation.
5. Electricity losses in static compensating devices - static capacitor banks (hereinafter - BSK) and static thyristor compensators (hereinafter - STC) - are determined by the formula:
, (3)
specific power losses in accordance with the passport data of the CU;
power of the heater (for STC it is taken based on the capacitive component).
In the absence of passport data, the value is taken equal to: for BSK - 0.003 kW/kvar, for STK - 0.006 kW/kvar.
6. Electricity losses in valve arresters, surge suppressors, HF communication connection devices, measuring voltage transformers, electric meters of 0.22 - 0.66 kV are accepted in accordance with the data of equipment manufacturers. In the absence of manufacturer's data, calculated losses are accepted in accordance with Table 3.
Table 3
Electricity losses in valve arresters (VR), surge arresters (OSL), current and voltage transformers (CT) and HF communication connection devices (HFDC).
Voltage class, kV
Electricity losses, thousand kW. h per year by type of equipment
Notes
1. Electricity losses in the UPHF are given for one phase, for the rest of the equipment - for three phases.
2. Electricity losses in a CT with a voltage of 0.4 kV are assumed to be equal to 0.05 thousand kW. h/year.
Electricity losses in electric meters of 0.22 - 0.66 kV are taken in accordance with the following data, kW. h per year per meter:
a) single-phase, induction - 18.4;
b) three-phase, induction - 92.0;
c) single-phase, electronic - 21.9;
d) three-phase, electronic - 73.6.
7. Corona power losses are determined based on data on specific power losses given in Table 4 and on the duration of weather types during the calculation period. At the same time, periods of good weather (for the purpose of calculating corona losses) include weather with humidity less than 100% and ice; to periods of wet weather - rain, sleet, fog.
Table 4
Specific power losses to the crown.
Overhead line voltage, type of support, number and cross-section of wires in phase
Total cross-section of wires in phase, mm2
Corona power loss, kW/km, in weather
dry snow
frost
Note
1. Option 500-8x300 corresponds to a 500 kV overhead line built with dimensions of 1150 kV, option 220-3x500 corresponds to a 220 kV overhead line built with dimensions of 500 kV.
2. Options 220/2-1x300, 154/2-1x185 and 110/2-1x120 correspond to double-circuit overhead lines. Losses in all cases are given per circuit.
In the absence of data on the durations of weather types during the calculation period, electricity losses due to the corona are determined according to Table 5.
Table 5
Specific annual losses of electricity to the crown.
Overhead line voltage, kV, number and cross-section of wires in phase
Specific losses of electricity to the crown, thousand kW. h/km per year.
Note
1. The loss observations given in Tables 2 and 4 correspond to a year with 365 days. When calculating standard losses in a leap year, the coefficient = 366/365 is applied.
When calculating the electricity per corona on lines with cross-sections different from those given in Tables 4 and 5, the values in Tables 4 and 5 are multiplied by the ratio , where is the total cross-section of the phase wires given in Tables 4 and 5, is the actual cross-section of the line wires.
The effect of line operating voltage on corona losses is taken into account by multiplying the data given in Tables 4 and 5 by a coefficient determined by the formula:
the ratio of the operating voltage of the line to its nominal value.
8. Electricity losses from leakage currents along overhead line insulators are determined based on data on specific power losses given in Table 6 and on the duration of weather types during the calculation period.
Based on their effect on leakage currents, weather types should be combined into 3 groups: group 1 - good weather with humidity less than 90%, dry snow, frost, ice; Group 2 - rain, sleet, dew, good weather with humidity 90% or more; Group 3 - fog.
Table 6
Specific power losses from leakage currents along overhead line insulators.
Weather group
Power losses from leakage currents along insulators, kW/km, on overhead lines with voltage, kV
In the absence of data on the duration of various weather conditions, annual electricity losses from leakage currents through overhead line insulators are taken according to the data in Table 7.
Table 7
Specific annual electricity losses from leakage currents in overhead line insulators.
Electricity losses from leakage currents through overhead line insulators,
thousand kW h/km per year, at voltage, kV
9. Electricity losses in the insulation of power cables are assumed in accordance with the data of equipment manufacturers. In the absence of manufacturer's data, calculated losses are accepted in accordance with Table 8.
Table 8
Electricity losses in cable insulation.
Section,
mm2
Electricity losses in cable insulation, thousand kW. h/km
per year, at rated voltage, kV
10. Calculation of norms for electricity consumption for auxiliary needs (hereinafter - SN) of substations is determined in accordance with Appendix No. 5 to this Procedure.
2. Methods for calculating load power losses.
11. Load losses of electricity for a period of T hours (D days) can be calculated by one of the following five methods, depending on the amount of available information about network circuits and loads (methods are arranged in order of decreasing calculation accuracy):
1) operational settlements;
2) settlement day;
3) medium loads;
4) the number of hours of greatest power loss;
5) loss estimates based on generalized information about network patterns and loads.
Power losses in the network, when using methods 1-4 to calculate electricity losses, are calculated based on a given network diagram and the loads of its elements, determined through measurements or by calculating the loads of the electrical network elements in accordance with the laws of electrical engineering.
Electricity losses using methods 2-4 can be calculated for each month of the billing period, taking into account the network diagram corresponding to that month. It is allowed to calculate losses over design intervals that include several months, the network diagrams in which can be considered unchanged. Electricity losses for the billing period are determined as the sum of losses calculated for the months included in the billing period (calculation intervals).
12. The method of operational calculations consists of calculating electricity losses using the formula:
, (5)
number of network elements;
Dtij
the time interval during which the current load Iij i-th network element with resistance Ri accepted unchanged;
number of time intervals.
Current loads of network elements are determined on the basis of data from dispatch reports, operational measuring systems (hereinafter - OIC) and automated electricity metering and control systems (hereinafter - AMR).
13. The calculation day method consists of calculating electricity losses using the formula:
Δ Wdays
losses of electricity per day of the billing month with the average daily supply of electricity to the network WWed days and the configuration of load graphs in nodes corresponding to control measurements;
kl
a coefficient that takes into account the influence of losses in overhead line fittings and is taken equal to 1.02 for lines with a voltage of 110 kV and above and equal to 1.0 for lines of lower voltages;
kf. m2
coefficient of the form of the schedule of daily electricity supply to the network (graph with the number of values equal to the number of days in the month of control measurements);
Dekvj
equivalent number of days in j- m design interval, determined by the formula:
, (7)
supply of electricity to the network in i-month with number of days Dmi ;
the same, in the billing month;
Nj
number of months in j-th calculation interval.
When calculating electricity losses per month Dekvj = Dmi .
Electricity losses per estimated day Δ Wdays are defined as the sum of power losses calculated for each hourly interval of the calculated day.
Electricity losses in the billing period are determined as the sum of losses in all billing intervals of the year. It is allowed to determine annual electricity losses based on calculation Δ Wdays for a winter day of control measurements, taking in formula (7) Nj= 12. Coefficient k2 f. m determined by the formula:
, (8)
i-th day of the month;
number of days in a month.
In the absence of data on the supply of electricity to the network for each day of the month, the coefficient k2 f. m determined by the formula:
, (9)
D R, Day R
number of working and non-working days in a month ( Dm = Dr + D n. R);
ratio of energy consumed on average non-working and average working days kw = Wn. R / WR.
14.The average load method consists of calculating electricity losses using the formula:
, (10)
Δ PWed
Power losses in the network at average node loads over the design interval;
k2 f
coefficient of the form of the graph of the total network load for the design interval;
coefficient that takes into account the difference in the configurations of the active and reactive load graphs of various network branches;
Tj
duration j th calculation interval, h.
The coefficient of the shape of the graph of the total network load for the design interval is determined by the formula:
, (11)
load value on i th stage of the schedule duration ∆ ti, hour;
number of graph steps on the calculated interval;
Coefficient kk in formula (10) is taken equal to 0.99. For networks 6-10 kV and radial lines 35 kV instead of values Pi And P cf in formula (11) the current values of the head section can be used II And I Wed In this case, the coefficient kk taken equal to 1.02.
It is allowed to determine the graph shape coefficient for the calculated interval using the formula:
, (12)
k2 f. With
coefficient of the shape of the daily schedule of the day of control measurements, calculated by formula (11);
k2 f.N
coefficient of the form of the schedule of monthly electricity supply to the network (graph with the number of values equal to the number of months in the calculation interval), calculated by the formula:
, (13)
supply of electricity to the network for i th month of the calculation interval;
Wav. months
average monthly supply of electricity to the network for the months of the design interval.
When calculating losses per month k2 f.N kf2 determined by the formula:
Filling factor of the total network load graph kz determined by the formula:
, (15)
WO
supply of electricity to the network over time T;
Tmax
number of hours of use of the highest network load.
-th node is determined by the formula:energy consumed (generated) in i-th node in time T.
15.The method of the number of hours of greatest power losses consists of calculating electricity losses using the formula:
Δ Pmax
power losses under the highest network load;
the relative number of hours of greatest power losses, determined from the graph of the total network load for the design interval.
The relative number of hours of greatest power loss is determined by the formula:
, (18)
Pmax
greatest value of m values Pi in the calculated interval.
Coefficient kk in formula (17) is taken equal to 1.03. For networks 6-20 kV and radial lines 35 kV instead of values Pi And P max in formula (18) the current values of the head section can be used II And Imax. In this case the coefficient kk is taken equal to 1.0. It is allowed to determine the relative number of hours of greatest power loss during the design interval using the formula:
, (19)
the relative number of hours of greatest power losses, calculated by formula (18) for the daily schedule of the day of control measurements.
τ values m and τ N calculated using the formulas:
, (21)
supply of electricity to the network in the billing month.
When calculating losses per month τ N= 1. In the absence of a load graph, the value then determined by the formula:
16. The method for estimating losses based on generalized information about network diagrams and loads is used to calculate electricity losses in electrical networks with a voltage of 0.4 kV.
Load losses of electricity in a 0.4 kV network are calculated using the following methods:
a) assessment of electricity losses based on the dependence of losses on generalized information about network patterns and loads;
b) calculation of electricity losses in 0.38 kV lines depending on the magnitude of the voltage drop;
c) element-by-element calculation of power and electricity losses using the electrical network diagram and its operating parameters.
Electricity losses in 0.38 kV lines with an average cross-section of the head sections Fr, mm2, supply of electrical energy in line W0.38, thousand kW. h, for a period of D, days, are calculated in accordance with the method of assessing electricity losses based on the dependence of losses on generalized information about network patterns and loads using the formula:
, (23)
equivalent total length of lines, km;
average reactive power factor;
coefficient that takes into account the nature of the distribution of loads along the length of the line and the unevenness of phase loads.
The equivalent line length is determined by the formula:
total length of the highway;
total length of two-phase and three-phase branches;
total length of single-phase branches.
Note. The main line is understood as the greatest distance from the 0.4 kV buses of the 6-20/0.4 kV distribution transformer to the most distant consumer connected to a three-phase or two-phase line.
Intra-house networks of multi-storey buildings, if they are the property of the ESO (before electricity meters), include branches of the corresponding phase in the length.
If there are steel or copper wires in the main line or branches, the line lengths determined by the formula are substituted into formula (24):
(25)
e) operational circuits and control circuits (at substations with alternating operational current);
f) heating of cells of a complete outdoor switchgear (KRUN) (with relay protection (RP) and automation equipment, meters or switches) and outdoor relay cabinets;
g) heating of drives and tanks of oil switches;
h) heating of drives of separators and short circuiters;
i) heating of drives and oil tanks of switching devices for voltage regulation under load (OLTC);
j) heating of electric motor drives of disconnectors;
k) heating of electric meters in unheated rooms;
m) heating of unit cabinets and control cabinets of air circuit breakers;
m) electric motors of compressors;
o) heating of air collectors;
n) power supply for communication and telemechanics equipment;
p) small-scale repair work performed during operation;
c) other: drainage pumps, on-load tap-changers, distillers, small machines and devices, etc.
The substations' own needs also include electrical receivers, the presence of which is determined by the specific operation of the substation equipment: air conditioning of the control panel room.
The power receivers for substations' own needs should not include consumers related to the economic needs of power systems.
2. The procedure for calculating the norms of electricity consumption for the auxiliary needs of substations
Calculation of the annual rate of electricity consumption for the substation's own needs is carried out by summing up the annual rate of electricity consumption by individual pantographs.
Electricity consumption rates for individual pantographs are presented in Tables 1-6 of this Appendix.
The standards presented in this instruction are given for a moderately warm climatic region, which includes the territory of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic.
For monthly and quarterly rationing, Table 7 gives the approximate distribution of electricity consumption for own needs as a percentage of the annual one.
The consumption rate for each item is determined by the expression:
W = w0 Kunitst
Where, w0 - rate of electricity consumption per unit (group) of equipment or for the substation as a whole (Table 1-6 of this Appendix)
Kunits- number of equipment units.
Table 1
Norms of electricity consumption by auxiliary current collectors per unit of substation equipment, thousand kWh/year
Name
Name
Substation voltage, kV
MV electrical receivers
pieces of equipment
Blowing and cooling of transformers and autotransformers
Transformer, autotransformer type D, DC, C
table 2
Heating of control panel
Substation
Table 3
Ventilation and lighting of control room
Heating the premises of duty personnel
Heating of closed switchgear
Outdoor Lighting
Chargers
Battery ventilation
Operating and control circuits (at substations with alternating operating current)
Heating of drives of separators (SD) and short circuiters (SC)
Heating of KRUN cells and relay cabinets for outdoor installation, heating of electric meters in unheated rooms
KRUN cell, cabinet, el. counter
Table 4
Switch heating
Table 5
Compressor motors
Table 6
Compressor room heating
Substation
≤ 3 compressors - 12.0
≥ 4 compressors - 15.0
Compressor room ventilation
≤ 3 compressors - 3.0
≥ 4 compressors - 3.5
Heating of air collectors
Substation
Heating of electric motor drives of disconnectors
RVD 330-500 kV
Fire extinguishing pump station heating
Substation
Communication and telemechanics equipment
Substation
Other (small repairs, on-load tap-changers, distillers, indoor switchgear ventilation, heating and lighting of the passage)
table 2
Electricity consumption standards for blowing and cooling transformers and autotransformers of types D, Ts, DC, thousand kWh/year
Transformer type and power
TDTN-16000/110/66
TRDCN-63000
ATDTsTN-200000
Notes:
1. The standards are given for an average load of transformers equal to 70% of the nominal load. When loading differs from the specified one, a proportional recalculation is performed.
2. For transformers and autotransformers not included in the table, the rate of electricity consumption is determined based on the power of cooling devices and their operating time, taken equal to 4380 hours for transformers with blowing and the operating time of transformers with DC and Ds cooling systems.
Table 3
Norms of electricity consumption for heating, ventilation and lighting of the premises of the control center, thousand kWh/year
GPU type (size)
Electricity consumption
Ventilation
Lighting
I (12m x 42m)
II (12m x 36m)
III (12m x 24m)
IV (12m x 18m)
VI (12m x 48m)
Note. For control centers other than those indicated in the table, the electricity consumption for heating should be recalculated taking into account the area of the actual control center, taking control center I as a basis.
Table 4
Electricity consumption standards for heating KRUN cells, outdoor relay cabinets, electric meters, thousand kWh/year
Climatic
K-34, K-30, K-36
K-37, K-6U and others
Cell with relay protection and automation equipment, meters, switch
Cell with relay protection and automation equipment
Cell with counters*
Cell with switch
Moderately warm (for PMR)
Table 5
Electricity consumption standards for heating oil switch drive mechanisms, oil switch tanks and air switch cabinets (3 poles), thousand kWh/year
Voltage,
Switch type
VT-35, VTD-35
U-110-8, MKP-110 Si
Table 6
Electricity consumption standards for electric motors of compressors per air circuit breaker, thousand kWh/year
Voltage, kV
Switch type
Note. Electricity consumption for compressor electric motors per substation is at least 20 thousand kWh/year, regardless of the number of air circuit breakers.
Table 7
Monthly distribution of annual norms of electricity consumption by pantographs for substations’ own needs, %
Name
electrical receivers
Equipment heating
(drives of switches, disconnectors, on-load tap-changers, switchgear switchgear cells, air collectors
Space heating
Indoor and outdoor
lighting
* The same standards are used to calculate the heating of electric meters in unheated rooms.
For other electrical receivers, the rate of electricity consumption throughout the year is distributed evenly.
Order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation dated August 7, 2014 N 506
"On approval of the Methodology for determining standards for losses of electrical energy during its transmission through electrical networks"
With changes and additions from:
9. The standards for losses of electrical energy during its transmission through the electrical networks of territorial grid organizations, based on a comparative analysis, are determined by the following voltage levels:
high voltage (HV) - 110 kV and above, with the exception of electric grid facilities and (or) parts thereof leased by the UNEG management organization to territorial grid organizations;
average first voltage (CH1) - 35 kV:
average second voltage (CH2) - 20-1 kV;
low voltage (LV) - below 1 kV.
Information about changes:
Low voltage
30 or less
_____________________________
* When determining the length of overhead and cable low-voltage power lines, only three-phase sections of lines are taken into account.
Information about changes:
By order Ministry of Energy of Russia dated August 31, 2016 N 875 The methodology is supplemented by Appendix N 3
Appendix No. 3
To Methodology definition of standards
electrical energy losses
when transmitted over electrical networks
Specific calculated values of no-load losses of power transformers
|
Arithmetic average value of power transformers, |
Maximum calculated value of no-load losses, |
|
|
Average second voltage |
||
|
Average first voltage |
||
|
High voltage (110-150 kV) |
||
|
High voltage (220 kV) |
||
Technological losses of electricity during its transmission through electrical networks
"...3. Technological losses of electricity (hereinafter - TPE) during its transmission through the electrical networks of TSO, FGC and MSC include technical losses in the lines and equipment of electrical networks caused by physical processes occurring during the transmission of electricity in accordance with technical characteristics and operating modes of lines and equipment, taking into account the consumption of electricity for the own needs of substations and losses caused by permissible errors in the electricity metering system. The volume () of technological losses of electricity in order to determine the standard for technological losses of electricity during its transmission through electrical networks is calculated in accordance with the Calculation Methodology. technological losses of electricity during its transmission through electrical networks in the base period (Appendix 1 to this Instruction)..."
Source:
Order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation dated December 30, 2008 N 326 (as amended on February 1, 2010) “On the organization in the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation of work to approve standards for technological losses of electricity during its transmission through electric networks” (together with the “Instructions for organizing in the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation Federation of work on the calculation and justification of standards for technological losses of electricity during its transmission through electrical networks") (Registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on February 12, 2009 N 13314)
Official terminology.
Akademik.ru.
2012. See what “Technological losses of electricity during its transmission through electrical networks” are in other dictionaries:
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