Standard wheel size. Parameters of car wheels. Center hole diameter
Good afternoon, dear readers. Today I want to immediately answer many questions related to wheel tire sizes. Many of my readers do not understand what they mean and why they are needed at all! Today I will try to explain in simple and understandable language what tire sizes on cars mean...
Wheel tire sizes contain a lot of useful information, you just need to be able to read it. Without this information, you will not be able to choose the right tires for your car; they simply will not fit in size. Although now the bodies of many brands have special plates with recommendations, you just read them and go to the store to buy the same ones. However, such signs are not always available and you need to determine the tire dimensions yourself! A small clarification, I will only talk about overall dimensions, there have already been many articles about other characteristics, the links will definitely be below.
I will tell you about my winter wheels, KAMA EURO 519, as an example; it should be noted that they are in no way inferior to their foreign counterparts. An informative read.
To begin with, the overall dimensions
My wheel size is R16 205/55 , these are the so-called overall dimensions. Rubber is considered low profile (more details).
The notorious letter R
Many people mistakenly think (to be honest, I thought so too) that the first English letter R means the abbreviation “RADIUS”! But that's not true! The letter R means radial tire, read the article -. This is a method of arranging rubber and metal cord during production. Of course, you can also see the letter D in front (diagonal), but such a designation is now really rare. In fact, this letter has nothing to do with size. Let's move on...
Disc diameter
The second number (in this case we have 16) indicates the diameter of the hole in the rubber, or which disc this rubber can be put on. We have 16, which means it’s 16 inches! Remember that this size is always indicated in inches (1 inch = 25.4 mm). If we calculate our size, it turns out - 16 X 25.4 mm = 406.4 mm. The disc cannot be larger or smaller than the diameter of the wheel; you simply won’t fit it. That is, if the tires are 16 (406.4 mm), then the disk should be 16 (406.4 mm).
Width
A large number almost always characterizes the width. In this case, this figure is 205. It is measured in millimeters, that is, the width of my wheel is 205 mm. The wider the rubber, the wider the track it has, which increases cross-country ability and traction.
Cord height
This is a smaller number that is applied through the fraction. In my case it is 55, measured as a percentage of the width (from the larger number). What does it mean? To find the height (in my case) you need to calculate 55% of 205 mm. Thus it turns out:
205 X 0.55 (55%) = 112.75 mm
This is the cord height of our rubber, also an important indicator, see the figure.
Overall wheel height
Let's calculate the total height of my wheel. What happens.
Rubber cord 112.75 X 2 (since the height is on both sides, top and bottom) = 225.5 mm
For a 16-inch drive = 406.4
Total - 406.4 + 225.5 = 631.9
Thus, my wheel is a little more than half a meter high, namely 0.631 meters
Let's look at the most common tires that are used by most cars, there are three of them - R13, R14 and R15
Tire sizesR13
The most common of all isR13175/70 are installed on many domestic VAZ models (although they are now being phased out).
What happens:
R13 – diameter 13 inches (multiply by 25.4) = 330.2 mm
Width 175
Height - 70% of 175 = 122.5
Total - (122.5 X 2) + 330.2 = 574.2 mm
Tire sizesR14
One of the most common ones isR14175/65 are also installed on domestic VAZ models of more recent years of production, such as Priora, Kalina, Granta, as well as on some inexpensive (popular) foreign cars - for example Renault Logan, Kia RIO, Hyundai Solaris, etc.
What happens:
R14 – diameter 14 inches (multiply by 25.4) = 355.6 mm
Width - 175
Height – 65% of 175 = 113.75
Overall dimensions – (113.75 X 2) + 355.6 mm = 583.1 mm
Tire sizesR15
The most common example is -R15 195/65, installed on many foreign cars of the (popular) class, but in high trim levels.
What happens:
R15 – diameter 15 inches (multiply by 25.4) = 381 mm
Width 195
Height – 65% of 195 = 126.75
Total – (126.75 X 2) + 381 = 634.5 mm
As you can see, it is not that difficult to calculate the tire size.
Of course, there is still other useful information on the wheel, I have already written articles about it below. I’ll list them point by point for you, it’s useful and interesting to read:
In general, read the section - there is much more information there. As you can see, all this information can be read from a tire, sometimes you can’t even believe it!
It is sometimes not easy for many novice car enthusiasts to choose their own iron friend. This is because their labeling reflects a large number of parameters and characteristics. This article will discuss the method of deciphering the size of the disk and choosing it for the car.
Reading characteristics
The entire string of parameters printed on the disk can be divided into several components. It might look something like this: 7jx16 H2 5x130 ET20 d74.1. To decipher the disk sizes, you need to consider each element in order.
It is worth noting that sometimes the location of parameters in a line may be swapped and slightly different in symbols. But the general algorithm for deciphering disk sizes on a car is always the same.
Width
The width of the rim is indicated in inches and comes first in the characteristics line. In fact, this is one of the determining parameters when choosing. Based on this value, the tire width will be selected in the future. Marking examples: 8.5 12, 9.5.
Experienced drivers claim that greater width significantly affects the handling and dynamics of the car.
Side edge design marker
Immediately after the number with the width of the disk there is a letter value. As a rule, it carries little information for the car enthusiast and is used mainly by service specialists. In most cases it is marked with the letter J. But it can also be JJ, K, JK, B, P, D.
Disc diameter
In deciphering disk dimensions, the symbol for the design of the side flanges is followed by a numerical value of the diameter in inches. It is also one of the main parameters. Changing the diameter of the rim upward can also change the size of the tire used. And this, in turn, will affect handling on the highway. For example, on low-profile tires, all road irregularities will be clearly felt, and the entire load will fall on the shoulders of the suspension.
Humps
Next in order comes the designation of humps. These are protrusions along the edges that allow the tire to be mounted more securely. Can take values H, H2, X. Here H is a regular hump, X is a truncated one. The coefficient after it is the number of sides on which the hump is located.
PCD
The next parameter in order is sometimes called PCD. It is marked something like this: 5x130. The first number in the entry shows the number of disk mounting bolts, and the second is the diameter at which they are located in millimeters. This is one of the most important parameters when deciphering disk sizes.
The values can vary over very small ranges, down to tenths of a millimeter. Therefore, if the specification is not selected accurately, there is a possibility that the bolts will not be able to fit into place. As a result, the fastener will not be tight. This means that you will then have to carry out frequent balancing and repairs.
Departure
This parameter consists of numbers and letters. Maybe this is ET20. In short, it means the distance between the plane of the disk and can be negative or positive. The first option will visually make the disk more convex relative to the car. The second one is in-depth.
A significant change in disc offset affects the displacement of the steering axle, increases bearing wear and, in some cases, worsens handling. Car manufacturers strictly regulate the size of the permissible overhang, and grossly violating it means affecting some of the car’s parameters, which may worsen.
Center hole diameter
It is measured in millimeters and designated by letters and numbers. For example, like this - d85. When decoding disk sizes, you should pay special attention.
Extra options
When deciphering disk sizes, other characteristics can be used. For example, maximum disk load. Passenger cars use discs with a safety margin that should be sufficient for its needs. But if it turns out that it will be moved to another type of equipment, for example, an SUV, then the nearest small hole may damage the disc.
Typically the load is specified in pounds. To get kilograms from them, you need to divide the existing value by 2.2.
When deciphering the sizes of alloy wheels and subsequent installation, it may not fit the car. This condition is called X-factor. And it is connected with the fact that alloy wheels can be of the most varied shapes, while fully complying with the declared and required dimensions. Therefore, to avoid buying an unsuitable model, you should first install it on the car, at least with a couple of bolts and turn it slightly. If nothing interferes or rests, then the disc is ideal for the car.
How to choose the right disk?
In addition to technical characteristics, the choice can also be influenced by aesthetic properties, as well as the manufacturing method.
Appearance is chosen based on personal preference. Some people like more spokes, others like fewer petals.
It is also worth knowing that wheels are divided into two large categories: steel and alloy.
Steel or stamped are made from a sheet of metal, which is subsequently joined by welding. This approach makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost of production. In addition, steel wheels are easier to repair and restore. Although this is required quite rarely, since they have good strength. On the other hand, the stamped approach creates inaccuracy in production, which promises problems with subsequent balancing. Also, the significant weight of steel increases the overall weight.
Alloy wheels are lightweight. Their production process allows them to create a wide variety of shapes and designs. They cost a little more, but as a result, aesthetics and practicality take such discs far ahead.
The alloy type is also in turn divided into two categories: cast and forged. The first type has a granular structure, which makes the product fragile. This is a known problem with alloy wheels. When used for a long time on uneven roads, they tend to split.
A forged disc has a fibrous structure, which provides special plasticity and does not allow the disc to form chips and cracks. It is very difficult to deform or destroy it.
A small example of decryption
It is worth making out the markings on a single product. For example, decrypt disk sizes in Valdai. There is this designation - 17x6 6x222.25 Et115 Dia160. Here the first value is the diameter of the disk in inches. This is followed by the width for which the tires are selected.
This is followed by the number of bolts and the diameter at which they are placed. These are 6 and 222.25 respectively. Et115 is a disk offset. In this case, it means that it is 115 mm inward from the mounting plane. That is, the disk is convex.
Dia160 is the diameter of the central hole in millimeters.
Finally
Careful decoding when choosing them will allow you to accurately select the necessary parameters and not become a victim of an unreasonable purchase. Knowing about their characteristics will be useful not only for novice car enthusiasts, but also for more experienced ones.
Stamped or cast wheels: what to prefer and what parameters to choose?
Any car enthusiast sooner or later faces the problem of choosing and purchasing tires. At the same time, many people want to purchase rims along with tires. This is right. Because by assembling the wheels once, you will subsequently save your money and time by not having to stand in huge queues at the tire shop twice a year. All you need to do is balance the wheels (and this can be done in advance, without waiting for the tire change season) and change them at any car service center or even yourself. In addition, by installing on a car, for example,castyou can significantly improve the appearance of your car.
But here the question arises - how to choose the right wheels for your car?
Let's start with what kind of wheels you want: alloy wheels or stamped ones? Both have their pros and cons. The positive aspects of stamped disks are their simplicity and reliability - even if the disk is damaged (dented), its shape can be restored by rolling it on a special machine, or in the field even just with a hammer. Also, in most cases, stamping is cheaper than its cast counterpart. Among the disadvantages, we can note the “banal” appearance, as a rule, greater weight and the fact that such a disk is extremely inconvenient to wash from the inside, and in winter this is especially important. With alloy wheels the opposite is true. Pros: a huge selection of designs and even colors, lighter weight (15-30%) and ease of maintenance. Cons: alloy wheels are more expensive and cannot be repaired if damaged. A damaged disk must be replaced with a new one, although many workshops now offer to repair alloy wheels. We do not recommend doing this due to the peculiarities of the production technology of alloy wheels, but this is a topic for another article.
Now, let’s say you’ve decided on the type of disk. But the next question arises: how to choose a wheel that is suitable for your car? And what parameters do you need to know to make the right choice? Let’s say right away that most car manufacturers do not provide full wheel sizes in the car’s operating instructions, limiting themselves to only indicating the mounting diameter and width of the disk, and in rare cases, indicating the offset of the disk. You will have to find out the missing parameters from the dealership specialists or salespeople.
Dimensions of stamped and cast wheels
The complete disk marking looks, for example, as follows:
6.5Jx16 H2 5/112 ET50 dia-57.1. Now let's decipher:
6.5 – the width of the rim of the disk (measured in inches) – the width of the part on which the tire is put on;
J– shape of the side edge. There are other designations, but a simple car enthusiast does not need to know this;
x– the rim is non-separable (the vast majority of passenger car wheels are now produced this way);
16 – nominal bore diameter (measured in inches). This diameter must be strictly equal to the tire diameter. It is unacceptable, for example, to install a tire with a diameter of 16 on a 16.5-inch wheel.
H2– Hump – a small annular protrusion running along the rim of the disk closer to its edges. It is necessary for reliable fixation of the tubeless tire on the rim. The number 2 in this case indicates the presence of 2 humps, i.e. one near each of the edges;
5 – number of holes for attaching the disc to the car;
112 – PCD(Pitch Circle Diameter) – the diameter of the circle passing through the centers of the mounting holes (measured in mm);
ET(OFFSET can also be written) – disc offset (measured in mm) – the distance from the mating plane to an imaginary plane passing through the middle of the disc rim (in our case 50mm);
Dia(writing D, Centerbore is also possible) – central hole (measured in mm).
Now let’s figure out which sizes can be changed and within what limits, and which should remain “untouched”.
The width of the rim depends on the width of the tire mounted on it. For example, a 205/55R16 tire can be installed on a wheel with a width of 6 to 7.5 inches, with a recommended width of 6.5 inches. Therefore, the size of the disc rim can be chosen within these limits. The tire and wheel correspondence table will help you choose the right tires for your rim.
Bore diameter – there is even more choice here. The minimum diameter is always indicated in the car's instructions and can increase almost indefinitely. But keep in mind that the larger the disk diameter, the lower the tire profile will be, and this in turn negatively affects ride comfort, but improves the car's handling at high speeds.
Number of mounting holes – this parameter remains unchanged.
PCD, in most cases, cannot be changed either. Although some manufacturers of alloy wheels (OZ Racing, AEZ, DOTZ) provide special bolts with eccentrics that allow you to screw, for example, wheels with PCD 100mm onto cars with PCD 98mm. On cars with alloy wheels secured with nuts, this is not possible.
Overhang – a change in offset is possible in the direction of decreasing it. But it is desirable that such a reduction be within the limits of 1 cm. As a rule, changes in the direction of increasing the number of departures are impossible, because The LOWER the offset number, the MORE the disk “protrudes” outside the car relative to the wheel with the “native” offset, and vice versa. Thus, as the overhang number increases, the disc will be recessed into the car more, and the likelihood that it will rest against suspension or brake parts increases significantly.
The central hole in the stamped wheel must be equal to the diameter of the car hub in order for it to be properly centered on the hub. With alloy wheels the situation is somewhat different. Currently, most companies producing alloy wheels, both domestic and foreign, make wheels with a universal central hole. And for alignment, a special centering ring is used, the outer diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the hole in the disk, and the inner diameter is equal to the diameter of the car hub. Let me give you an example. The disk size 6.5x16 5/114.3 et45 dia-72.6 can be installed on Mitsubishi cars with a hub diameter of 67.1mm and on Toyota cars with a hub diameter of 60.1mm. So, in order not to make two different cast disks, the manufacturer produces one disk with a larger central hole, in our case 72.6 mm, and two centering rings - the first 72.6/67.1 and the second 72.6/60.1. When installing a wheel on a car, the ring is inserted into the disc, after which the disc is installed on the car, centered on the hub, and tightened with bolts or nuts. After this, the centering ring does not bear any load and does not in any way affect the driving characteristics of the car. Centering rings can come complete with discs or be supplied for an additional fee. I repeat, stamped discs cannot have such rings.
Alloy wheels. Underwater rocks.
Disks also have a very important parameter that is not indicated in the labeling - maximum load. Therefore, even if the disk fits your car in all sizes, it is better to check the load. For domestic wheels you can see it in the disk passport, for foreign ones you will have to look for it on their websites on the Internet.
And the last thing you need to keep in mind when buying disks is the so-called X-factor - this is when all the disk sizes coincide with the required ones, but the disk still does not fit on the car, rests against suspension parts or brake mechanisms. This is due to the very form of stamping or casting spokes. Therefore, we always recommend to our clients, before beading a tire onto a wheel, to first try it on the car on the front and rear axles, tightening it with a couple of bolts and carefully turning it.
Currently, the vast majority of disk manufacturers have catalogs of guaranteed disk applicability on their Internet sites. If your car is in such a catalog and there is a disc you like for it, then you can safely buy it, which means it is fully suitable in all respects.
Now the choice has become much easier than it might seem at first glance. Good luck with your purchase.
Based on materials from the site http://kolesaonline.ru
Marking of car wheels
Labeling discs seems very complicated. But this is until you get acquainted with the decoding of this abbreviation.
Let's look at the example of a standard UAZ disk for Spicer-type axles: 6½JxR16 PSD 5x139.7 H2 ET40 c.o.108
Basic disk dimensions
6½ JxR16 PSD 5x139.7 H2 ET40 c.o.108
First digit 6½(Rim Width) - rim width in inches. Not the entire disk, but the rim i.e. where the tire will be located. In the picture it is size "B". Width is often indicated in decimal fractions 6,5""
(one English inch, if converted to the metric system, is equal to 25.4 mm)
In this case, the rim width is 6.5*25.4=165.1 mm. Note that this parameter is directly related to the tire width. For each tire there is a fork (from and to) of the permissible width of the rim on which this tire can be installed. The best option is for the rim width to be somewhere near the middle of the acceptable range for a given tire. You can find out the permissible rim width for a specific tire using tire calculator. You must understand that if the width of the rim does not match the width of the tire, this will create a problem with beading the tire onto the rim, and will also noticeably worsen the performance characteristics of the tire, therefore You need to pay attention to this parameter.
6½J xR16 PSD 5x139.7 H2 ET40 c.o.108
J(Rim Flange) – this letter encodes technical information about the edges of the disc rim (design, shape, height). There may also be letters (JJ, JK, K,B, P, D...). The most common types of disks today are J (mainly for single-wheel drive vehicles), and JJ (usually for all-wheel drive). Disc rim flanges and affect the installation of rubber, compensating weights, as well as the resistance to tire displacement on the rim in extreme conditions. The differences between the types of edges designated by different letters may be insignificant, but they cannot be neglected.
The area where the tire fits onto the rim is very critical; small changes in the tire bead profile lead to difficulty and even impossibility of installation, as well as the inability to maintain the required pressure inside the wheel.
The A and D rim outline designations fall under the category "Cycles, Motorcycles, and Scooters" and are also possible under the category "Industrial Vehicles and Lift Trucks". Naturally, the contours have completely different geometries for the same notation in two different categories.
Rims with the designations S, T, V and W are classified under the category “Commercial Vehicles, Flat Base Rims”, and the designations E, F G H are classified under the category “Trucks, Flat Base Rims” ( Commercial Vehicles, Semi-Drop Center Rims). It is obvious that despite the external interchangeability, It’s better to choose the parameter recommended by the car manufacturer.
6½Jx R16 PSD 5x139.7 H2 ET40 c.o.108
“x” means that the rim is one-piece, i.e. consists of one element, and the sign “-“ means detachable, consists of several elements. The one-piece disk rim is more rigid and lighter than the detachable disk rim and consists of one element. Such rims can be mounted on tires with elastic sides, so they are used for wheels of cars and small trucks. A split rim consists of several elements and is used in the construction of bus and truck wheels. The tire beads of such vehicles are so rigid that mounting through the rim flange is not possible.
6½JxR16 PSD 5x139.7 H2 ET40 c.o.108
R16(rim diameter) – the diameter of the wheel rim (in the figure this is size “A”), measured in inches. This value is determined without taking into account the height of the rim edges.
6½JxR16 PSD 5x139.7 H2 ET40 c.o.108
PSD- an abbreviation indicating that the disk mounting parameters are standardized. This parameter is often omitted, or written instead (PCD)
6½JxR16 PSD 5x139.7 H2 ET40 c.o.108
5x139.7– directly the parameters for attaching the disk to the hub.
First number 5
indicates the number of mounting holes on the disk. Often, especially on alloy wheels, number of holes designated separately by letters LZ
Second number 139,7
is the diameter of the circle in millimeters PCD(Pitch Circle Diameter), on which these holes are located (or rather, their centers).
When replacing disks with analogues, it is very important not to make a mistake, since there are many different standards for this parameter, and the difference between neighboring ones is sometimes only a few millimeters. Therefore, for example, a disc from a car with PCD=120.65 visually fits perfectly on a hub with PCD=120, but this does not mean that it can be used on this car.
A – width between the centers of two adjacent holes, mm.
B – diameter of the conditional circle along which the centers of the mounting holes are located (PCD), mm
The main thing you need to understand here is that despite the noticeable difference in the diameter of the disk mounting holes and bolts (studs), the car manufacturer very accurately calculates the fit of the wheel on the hub. This is due to the fact that any smallest deviation of the center of the hub from the center of the disk will cause not just wheel runout (usually accompanied by vibration on the steering wheel), but will also jeopardize the reliability of the wheel fastening, because if the diameter of the mounting holes does not correspond to the parameters of the hub, then fully tighten All mounting bolts (nuts) with a tapered base (which should ensure the centering of the disk on the hub) is impossible. And this is already a threat to life.
Regarding fasteners, you need to know a few more subtleties: when replacing a stamped steel wheel with a light alloy one, you will have to use bolts (or studs) of a longer length than the standard ones. This is due to the fact that an alloy wheel is thicker than a steel wheel.
It is necessary to select such that the length of the thread that is screwed into the hub (or into the nut) when attaching the wheel is at least 6-7 full turns.
If the disk is secured with nuts (as on a UAZ), then most likely when replacing it with an alloy wheel, in addition to the studs, you will need extended nuts 
Also on Patriots the wheel nuts and spare wheel nuts are different 
Left: UAZ-Patriot wheel nut (M14x1.5); Right: spare wheel nut (M12x1.75)
In addition, the old fasteners will not work if the new disk has holes, say, for tightening to a sphere, and the bolts you have (standard) are tightened to a cone. 
A - bolt and nut without support. The edges of the hexagon extend onto the cone;
B, C - bolt and nut with a head.
6½JxR16 PSD 5x139.7 H2 ET40 c.o.108 H2
options: (H, H2, FH, AH, CH...) – these letters encrypt information about the design features of the disk rim flanges and the protrusions (hamps) on them. Hampami
(from the English hump, “elevation, hillock”) are the annular protrusions along the edges of a wheel rim intended for a tubeless tire. The main purpose of humps is to reliably fix the tire bead in turns to prevent depressurization of the wheel.
In the designations of discs that have one hump along the outer side, there is one letter H.
| But many disc models are equipped with a hump along the inner edge of the disc, as indicated by the H2 index. |
Two humps increase the reliability of fixing the tire on the wheel, but create problems during its installation. |
Therefore, on some disks the second hump is made to be truncated in height. Such humps are called flat humps; in the wheel markings they are designated by the letter X.;
Regular Hump – H
Truncated Hump – X The following designations are also possible: FH – (Flat Hump) a flat-shaped hump, AH – (Asymmetric Hump) has an asymmetric shape, CH – (Combi Hump) a combined shape. A complete absence of humps is possible; in this case, a special shelf SL (Special Ledge) is made on the disk, the design of which is designed in such a way that the tire only holds on to the edges of the rim and does not jump off when driving. 6½JxR16 PSD 5x139.7 H2 ET40 c.o.108 ET40 (Einpress Tief, German); –.
disc offset (mm). The distance between the plane of application of the disk to the hub and the central axis of the disk. This parameter must meet the requirements of the car manufacturer, since the key parameters of the car’s suspension and steering mechanism are calculated based on it. Disc offset does not depend on the diameter of the disc, the width of the tire, or any of its other parameters. For one hub, the offset is the same for all sizes of tires and wheels. Designation options (depending on country of production): OFFSET, DEPORT People often talk about positive offset and negative offset. Everything is simple here: if the landing plane is shifted to the inner side of the disk - offset negative
An option is possible when the mating plane is located in the center of symmetry of the disk. Then the offset is zero and is designated as ET0.
It is allowed to use discs with a spread of +- 5 mm from the standard for this car model.
(It is precisely because of the difference in offset that wheels from UAZ-Patriot with Spicer axles with ET40 do not fit UAZ-Hunter with Timken axles, where the offset is ET22) 
6½JxR16 PSD 5x139.7 H2 ET40 c.o.108
c.o.108; d108 (DIA) – Diameter of the centering hole on the disk. Must exactly match the diameter of the landing cylinder on the hub. You need to understand that in addition to the centering function, the landing cylinder has another, no less important one - it partially takes on the load that falls on the mounting bolts (studs). Therefore, if the centering hole of the disk you like is larger than the hub mounting cylinder, you will have to use special adapter rings, which can be bought at tire centers, or ordered from Kulibins. But at the same time, the external and internal dimensions of the centering ring must exactly (!) correspond, respectively, to the diameters of the hub cylinder and the centering hole of the disk. There cannot be any gaps of 1 or a couple of millimeters here - otherwise the point of installing these rings will be lost.
A few more words about spacers (adapter rings) for discs.
It must be said right away that their use highly undesirable since this design greatly reduces the reliability of wheel fastening and it is not uncommon for a wheel installed on such a delivery to come off along with it. But if you still decide to use them, then it is better to avoid purchasing supplies with through bolts.
 Option 1. The thickness of the spacers is 3-6 mm. These spacers are made without a wheel hub, since their small thickness allows the disk to be centered on the car's standard hub. |
 Option 2. The thickness of the spacers is 12-25 mm. The design of these spacers includes a hub for centering the wheel rim, which eliminates imbalance when the vehicle is moving. |
 Option 3. The thickness of the spacers is 25-50 mm. A special feature of this option is the presence of pressed-in wheel studs in the spacer design. When installing, the spacer is first attached to the standard studs with special nuts included in the kit, and then the wheel rim is attached to the spacer using standard wheel nuts. Optimal for 4x4 SUVs. |
 Option 4. The thickness of the spacers is 25-50 mm. Spacers of this type are equipped with special bolts, with which they are attached to the car hub, after which the wheel rim is attached to the spacer using its standard bolts. |
X-factor – (X-factor, Caliper Clearance, Brake Clearance): This is the distance between the mating plane and the back of the disc. The concept is quite arbitrary. The design of the rim is regulated by standards, since it is necessary to ensure a fit on the rim of a pneumatic tire, but the design of the disk is quite loose. At the same time, it must provide compatibility with the brake elements, the necessary wheel strength and an attractive appearance. Simply put, if the x-factor is large, then the wheel will “stand” on the car where the caliper protrudes strongly beyond the mounting plane. If the x-factor is close to zero, then the wheel is intended for cars where the brake elements do not protrude beyond the mating plane, for example, like on a UAZ with drum brakes. For many jeeps, including the Niva 2121, the design of disc brakes is such that the caliper practically does not extend beyond the mating plane, and accordingly, the wheels for these cars can have a small x-factor. Let us emphasize once again that the x-factor is a slang rather than an engineering concept. Even on a wheel with a large x-factor, the disc may touch the caliper at the disc-to-rim transition or at the disc-to-hub transition.
So,
The disk MUST also indicate:
- trademark or manufacturer's name
- date of manufacture. Usually - a year and a week. For example, 0512 means the disc was released in the 5th week of 2012
- standard size wheel rim, rim offset
- stamp of the controlling authority: SAE(Society of Automotive Engineers) VIA(Independent Japanese Traffic Inspectorate Association), ISO, J.W.L.(Japanese National Mandatory Standard for Alloy Wheels), TUV(German Automotive Inspectorate). This, speaking in Russian, is OTK. Many companies brand their products not with dry alphanumeric indices, but with graphic pictograms.
On alloy wheels, in addition to the OTK stamp, they also put X-ray inspection stamp, which indicates that the disc has no internal defects - casting cavities to disk ( MAX LOAD) in kilograms or pounds. For example, maximum load MAX LOAD 2000LB 2000 lbs (908kg)
Alloy wheels are marked in accordance with GOST R 50511-93, which specifies the mandatory parameters that must be present on the disk.
The disk MAY SAY:
- PCD 139.7/5– connecting dimensions;
- MAX PSI 50 GOLD– means that the tire pressure should not exceed 50 pounds per square inch (3.5 kgf/sq.cm), word COLD(cold) reminds you that the tire pressure should be measured when the tire is cold. (MAX PSI is indicated only by Americans)
- mode of production, for example, if the disk is forged, - FORGED (“Forged”);
- this inscription is not provided for by any standards; it is stamped on the disc exclusively for the public, since forged wheels are considered very prestigious. Beadlock
- (Beadlock) - a disk with a beadlock - a device for fixing the tire on the disk. The use of such discs on public roads is unacceptable. Beadlock Simulator
- – Imitation of bedlock. The design of the disc imitates the presence of a beadlock on it. This is a decorative element, and in terms of performance characteristics such disks should not differ from ordinary disks of the same series. CONE 15
- – diameter and shape of mounting holes KR
– diameter of the decorative cover. Since the roads in our country are very different from European ones, it is better to buy wheels that have passed Russian certification. Imported wheels, if not imported from third world countries, look good, but many of them are designed for normal 
roads and therefore do not meet Russian requirements for
Where:
1 – Abbreviated name of the manufacturer (Kremenchug Wheel Plant)
2 – Country of manufacture (Ukraine)
3 – Date of production (March 2011)
4 – Size (16-inch one-piece disk with a width of 6.5 inches, with a J-type disk edge and two H-type humps)
5 – Disc overhang (positive overhang of 40mm)
UAZ 3151*
225/75R16 8,40-15 Accordingly, the dimensions of the tubes for tube tires are: 225-16
6.00LxR15 PSD 5x139.7 ET 22 c.o.108 Can be installed 16"":
