Self-configuration of the DDNS option. Own Dynamic DNS

These days there are almost no free DDNS services left that allow you to spoof your dynamic IP address on the Internet at static domain name third level and thanks to this receive direct remote access to the router from the Internet. Therefore, many network equipment manufacturers introduce their own, like TP-Link ID, for their clients. I think this doesn’t mean anything to most, so we’ll figure out how to make a static IP address from a dynamic one and thereby set up remote access to the router.

Let's remember how your home router works with activated? You give it a range (pool) of local IP addresses.

When a computer connects to a router, the router selects for it one of the free IP addresses from this range, thereby identifying your computer on the local network. And this happens with every device, be it a computer, laptop or phone.


It is also possible to turn a dynamic IP address into a static IP address, that is, permanent, tied to only one device - in the router settings or on the computer itself, smartphone, TV, IP camera, etc.

This is convenient to do if you are setting up some kind of permanent relationship between devices within your local network, for example, to view a picture from, or to play a movie - so as not to change the settings in the program every time, we give each device its own permanent address.


Your provider works almost exactly the same way. Your neighborhood, which is connected to the provider’s equipment, is nothing more than a large local network. When you connect to the Internet, your host (computer or router) is part of one large local network with many routers. The provider’s equipment has a DHCP server, and every time your computer or router connects to the Internet, it receives its own IP address within this large network, which is automatically assigned to it by the network equipment. In this case, this address can be of three types:

  1. Static- when your apartment is assigned a white external IP that never changes. That is, it is always permanent and by accessing it directly from the Internet, you will be taken to your computer or router. Since such addresses are very rare, you need to pay separate money for them on top of the tariff.
  2. Dynamic— also a white IP address, but which changes periodically. For example, after rebooting the router or for a certain period of time. This is a more common case and this is exactly what the technology for replacing dynamic IP with static IP, called DDNS, will work with.
  3. Grey- this is the most common case when one external IP address is issued for an entire house or neighborhood, which belongs to the provider’s router, and it, in turn, distributes its internal addresses to users. As an example, I can give various modems and routers from mobile operators - they provide the Internet using exactly this technology, and with it, even with DDNS, we have nothing to catch at all - in order to access your router or the device connected to it from the Internet, you need to install VPN connection.

I already wrote more about IP addresses and how to determine whether yours is gray or white.

So that when you go online you always have the same IP address, you need to ask your provider about it, that is, when translating into Russian, pay him extra money every month. However, not everyone can afford it, so services have appeared that solve this problem.

What is DDNS and why is it needed in a router?

DDNS(or Dynamic DNS, DynDNS) is a technology that allows you to track changes in an external IP address and convert it into a static domain name. It will always be the same and accessible from the Internet at the same web address. Support for DDNS services in the router allows you to make a static IP address from a dynamic one and organize remote access to the router and resources within your local network from the Internet.

What is required to use DDNS?

I hope everything is clearer now. To summarize, to organize remote access to a video surveillance system, an FTP file server and other resources on your local network from the Internet, one of the possible things is required:

  • White static IP address on the Internet, which can be provided by your provider
  • Make a static IP address from a white dynamic one using the DDNS service
  • Use cloud services
  • Working using the TCP/IP v.6 addressing protocol is a matter of the near future, since almost none of the providers yet supports this standard, so there is no point in talking about it yet.

The main “trick” in using DDNS services is direct access to the router and resources that are created on its basis, for example, not only when connecting to it via wifi, but also from anywhere on the planet via the Internet. But it only works if you have an external WHITE IP address (dynamic or static)

How to make a static IP address from a dynamic one using the DDNS service No-IP.Com

The most accessible and free option is to use the NO-IP service. For clarity, I will describe the order of its operation.

  1. Your local network resource, say a home IP camera, receives an IP address from your router
  2. The router is configured to allow access to IP cameras via router IP + port
  3. Your router receives a white IP from your provider and connects to the Internet with it. This address changes periodically, because... it's dynamic.
  4. The DDNS service monitors changes in your external IP and replaces it with the same level 3 domain you registered
  5. From another computer via the Internet, for example, from work, access this domain name, or the domain name + router port to which the camera is configured
  6. And you get to the camera interface to view the picture

To organize this scheme, go to the website no-ip.com and create an account. This is a DynDNS service that turns your external dynamic IP address into a level 2 or 3 domain. Click on the “Sign Up” button, enter all your data and confirm your email using the letter sent to your inbox.

Next, log into your account using the registered login and password, click the “Add Host” button and fill in the parameters underlined on the screen. More precisely, all of them will be by default, except for the Hostname, which you just need to come up with and select a domain.

Also note that in the “Host Type” setting “Port 80 Redirect” must be enabled and in the port number entry field the exact one on which the program or service on the local network is running that we want to access by this domain name must be specified.


Save the settings and go to the admin panel of the router. Here we find a section in which we configure a connection to dynamic DNS (DDNS).

Dynamic DDNS on a TP-Link router

TP-LINK routers have the ability to choose from several popular DDNS services in the menu section of the same name “ Dynamic DNS«.

Select “NO-IP” from the list and enter the domain we have created, as well as indicate the login and password for authorization on the site no-ip.com. Then check the “Enable DDNS” checkbox and apply the settings to reboot the router. That's all, now when we access the registered web address, we will be taken to exactly the service that uses the port we specified in the DDNS service account.

In new budget models, the section “ DDNS" hidden in " Additional settings»

For more expensive models, everything is even more interesting - most recently TP-Link introduced cloud technologies with which you can replace DDNS - now everything is set up even easier. Go to the “Advanced Settings” tab, “Network - DDNS” section. Here you can also use your existing account at no-ip.com

But it is much more convenient to check the “Service Provider” checkbox on “TP-LINK”. In order for everything to work, you need to log in using your .

If you have not registered in it yet, then do not waste time and do it now - it is absolutely free for users of TP-Link routers. But then, through cloud technologies, you will be able to remotely control the router from your account without any additional complex DDNS settings, static IP addresses and other gadgets that are not easy for an ordinary user to understand.

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http://www.dyndns.com/.

All the most necessary items that you need to go through (click or fill out) will be marked with a red frame and explanations are given.

So by going to dyndns.com we see the starting picture, then If you have already been here and in the future after registration, click on Sign In (Login). Now click on Get a FREE Domain Name

Choose the 1st free option and click Sign up

1. Enter name for your subdomain(here is an example of teamspeak3) and select domain from the list of possible whichever you prefer.

2. Enter current ip address of your PC or server, if you are doing this operation directly from it, then you can click on the link Your current location IP address is(Your current IP address) and the system itself will substitute it in the Ip Address field.

3. Click on Add to cart

Errors:

Please enter a valid IP address (Forgot to enter your IP)

This hostname already exists (This subdomain has already been occupied)

Once again we check the name for your domain and the cost is only $0 for this service, and then fill in the registration data directly.

1. Username (Come up with and remember a user name for this service)

2. Password (Create and remember a password)

3. Confirm password (Enter your password again)

4. Email (Enter your work email address, registration confirmation will be sent to it)

5. Confirm email (Enter your email address again)

6. Enter the number from the above image(Enter the numbers from the picture)

7. I agree (Be sure to check the box that you agree with the terms of service, you don’t have to check the other boxes)

Then click Create Account

Now click on My hosts (My domains), to view and activate our created subdomain.

Click on Checkout to Activate to activate the domain

The whole procedure costs 0 USD, just click Next(Further)

All that remains is to click Activate Services(Activate Services) to complete the activation of your domain.

Now we get successful activation message, there is little left: learn how to view the list of your domains and download program for PC(Server), which will automatically notify the server about a change in IP address.

Sometimes you need to have access to your machine or a client's machine that has a dynamic IP address. There are a lot of services for these purposes, but there are fewer and fewer free ones. That's what this article is for. If you have a server at hand (VDS, VPS or Dedik) from which you can make a DNS server, then with the help of this article you can make such a service for yourself and use it as you wish and as much as you want. During the creation of the service, many pages on the Internet were searched, often contradicting each other. Therefore, links to sources will not be provided. This article is like a compilation of all the information found on the Internet.

Beginning of work

To start creating a service, it is assumed that you have BIND configured on your server and the package installed dnsutils and the Curl program. If you suddenly discover that you don’t have this, read what is written in this article. For simplicity, let’s immediately agree that we will operate with the domain dyndns.my and a subdomain with dynamic IP dhost. The full address will be dhost.dyndns.my. The domain must have an A ns record from your server's IP. Or not ns, as you like, but in this example this is the case. Well, for complete clarity, both the server and the client are computers with Ubuntu. The version is no longer of fundamental importance.

He said let's go!

Setting up the client side

This section comes before setting up the server because authorization keys must be generated on the client.

Let's create a separate directory in /etc.

sudo mkdir /etc/ddns/

Let's go into it.

cd /etc/ddns/

We generate a pair of keys for exchanging information between the client and server.

sudo dnssec-keygen -b 512 -a HMAC-MD5 -v 2 -n HOST dyndns.my

As a result of this operation, two files appear in the directory - Kdyndns.my.+157+48025.key And Kdyndns.my.+157+48025.private. From the first file we will only need the set of characters after “157”. It is after the space that the key body begins. We create a script for updating domain zones.

sudo nano ddns.sh

Paste the text there.

#!/bin/bash TTL =3600 SERVER =ns.dyndns.my HOSTNAME =dhost.dyndns.my ZONE =dyndns.my KEYFILE =Kdyndns.my.+157 +48025 .private new_ip_address =` curl http:// dyndns. my/ip.php` #We will create this file later on the server! cd / etc/ ddns nsupdate -v -k $KEYFILE << EOF server $SERVER zone $ZONE update delete $HOSTNAME A update add $HOSTNAME $TTL A $new_ip_address send EOF

Let's save. Then we give execution rights.

sudo chmod +x ddns.sh sudo ln -s / etc/ ddns/ ddns.sh / usr/ sbin/ ddns_update

Setting up the server part

Setting up a name server involves registering a domain and setting permission to update records A domain names with dynamic IPs. Go to the bind directory.

cd /etc/bind/sudo nano dnskeys.conf

We paste there the text and body of the key, which was mentioned in the previous section.

Key "dyndns.my" ( algorithm hmac-md5; secret "key body here" ; ) ;

Add to file /etc/bind/named.conf a line indicating the file where the key is defined.

Include "/etc/bind/dnskeys.conf" ;

The next step is to file /etc/bind/named.conf.local register the domain zone we operate with.

Zone "dyndns.my" ( type master; allow-update ( key dyndns.my;) ; file "/etc/bind/pri.dyndns.my" ; ) ;

You will also need to create a /etc/bind/pri.dyndns.my file with various entries for the domain. It is ordinary, with the minimum required set of records for the domain to function, so there is no need to consider it in this article. We restart the name server to complete and apply the settings.

sudo service bind9 restart

Now we place a very simple php script in the directory intended for web pages.

sudo nano /var/www/ip.php

Paste the code there.

If you access this file via the web, for example, http://dyndns.my/ip.php, you will not see anything except your IP address. Which is exactly what we needed. The client, using curl, receives it and updates the information on the server.

That's all the steps needed to configure the server part.

Final setup

We are finishing the client.

sudo nano /etc/crontab

Add a line.

*/ 15 * * * * root / usr/ sbin/ ddns_update

This means that the script will run once every 15 minutes. This completes the configuration of the client part. You can wait 15 minutes and make sure that our host is pinging from a third-party server. Or you can execute the command.

sudo ddns_update

That’s why, in fact, we made a symlink in /usr/sbin. If you do not receive a response with the word REFUSED, it means you did everything right and you can be happy.

conclusions

As a result, we got a completely working dynamic name service. There is, of course, a significant drawback. The key used is suitable for changing any of the registered subdomains. That is, it is one for everyone. This opens up space for hooliganism if someone holds the key. Since the service was made for itself, this will not cause any special problems. Because you have to be not completely mentally healthy to be a hooligan in your own life. Perhaps there is a solution that allows each subdomain to be authorized using its own key, but this was not the purpose of this article, so Google was not tormented much.

We kindly ask that when reprinting this article, indicate the source, in particular, this resource.

Dynamic DNS is a technology that is used to assign a permanent domain name to a computer with a changeable IP address. Other machines on the Internet may be connecting to this machine using the domain name and not even know that the IP address has changed.

About the server and service

The service will always be provided free of charge
Traffic is free for Domolink network users!

Basic principles

Typically, servers have static IP addresses. To determine this IP address by name, a request is made to the DNS server. In this case, a request is usually made to the nearest DNS server, usually the server of your Internet provider. This DNS server does all the rest of the work of resolving the name to the address.

If it already has information about that name in its local cache, it makes no further requests, simply returning the IP address (and other data) from the cache. This may be the case if someone before you has already requested this information from this DNS server. The server remembers the data for some time, which is called lifetime(TTL, time to live) recordings, and then “forgets”.

If there is no up-to-date information (the server is not authorized for this zone, and the last request for this name was made more than TTL ago, and the server has already “forgot” what the answer was), our nearest DNS server looks for one authorized for the requested zone, and asks him for his address.

In typical cases, a large TTL value is indicated for records - 4 hours, 24 hours and even a week, because this information almost never changes. In this way, the load on authorized servers is reduced, since calls to them occur less frequently. In return, if we change the address, we will have to wait: the whole world will start asking for the address only after 4 hours, 24 hours, a week, respectively - or whatever we indicate there.

For dynamic hosts this is unacceptable - if your address has just changed, everyone needs to get the latest information immediately, so small TTL values ​​are used. Our system uses a value of 10 minutes, and this means that after changing the address in the zone, no more than 10 minutes will pass before the whole world will be using the new address.

Catalog

How to get into the catalog

To add your resource to this directory, you need to go to the Dynamic DNS settings next to the field Description check the box and fill out the description.

Settings

Control panel interface

Using the radio button, you can select the base type of record you are adding: A or NS.

Type A records

This is a regular entry that shows your IP address. It changes during dynamic updating.

At the same time, you can additionally create an MX record for your host, which indicates the domain name of the server that serves mail for your domain. This adds the name..exchanger.host.name entry to the zone. If you don't add an MX record, the mail server is assumed to be at the same address as the A record.

You can also add a Wildcard entry to the zone. This may be required so that not only the name..name..name..other.subdomain.name.. will work. In this case, the *.name.site record is added to the zone. CNAME name.site. , the so-called Wildcard entry.

Records of type NS

Such records are intended for advanced users who are able to configure their own DNS server, and for whom A, MX and Wildcard CNAME records are not enough. By selecting the NS type, you configure the redirection of all requests for the name.. zone.

If you are not sure that you can configure a DNS server correctly, do not choose this type! If you do choose, be aware that two records of the form name..name..name.site A are added to the parent zone<ваш-ip-адрес>, and this A-record changes during dynamic updating.

On your DNS server you should:

    create a name.site zone,

    in the SOA record, indicate ns.name.site as the responsible server,

    add NS record name.site. NS ns.name.site. (no other NS entries need to be made),

    add A-record ns.name.site. 600 A your-external-ip-address, which should also be dynamically updated when your external address changes (600 is the TTL of the record, equal to 10 minutes = 600 seconds).

Editing

In host editing mode, you see a link to update only this host, as well as a form completely similar to the second form on the main page of the panel. Here you can change the MX address, add or remove a Wildcard, and set an IP address different from the one you are accessing from.

Adding an entry

To add an entry, you need to:

    In field Entry name enter the desired name.

    Use the switch to set record type- A or NS. You will most likely need a Type A entry with Wildcard enabled.

    If you need to add an entry with a specific IP address, then check the box Specify a different IP address, in which you can enter any valid address in the form of dotted quad notation (four numbers separated by dots). If you do not select this, your current IP address (from which you are accessing the system) will be shown.

    4. Press the button Add. The entry will be added and appear in the list.

Examination

To check that an entry has been added to the zone, you need to perform the following steps:

    Go to “Start” ⇒ “Programs” ⇒ “Accessories” ⇒ “Command Line”

    In the window that opens (this is the Windows console), enter the command nslookup your_name.site.

    You will see a program report. The top two lines tell us about the DNS server - if you are a Domolink user, it will most likely be ns.vsi.ru, 80.82.32.9. Next comes information about your entry: after the word Name the name will be indicated, and after the word Address the IP address will be indicated.

Updater - Automatic DNS update

Installation

    Need to run the file updater.exe

    In the windows that appear, you need to press the buttons one by one Next - Install - Close

    The program will be installed in the folder C:\Program Files\updater\

    On the menu Start a shortcut will appear Dynamic DNS to start the program.

    In Linux, the launch shortcut goes straight to the menu Internet.

Use and Setup

    Right-click on the program tray icon and select Tune

    Depending on how you want to authenticate, select By login with password or By key, then fill in the appropriate fields.

    Optionally, if you want to update only a single record, you can specify the full domain name of this record in the line Separate host, after checking the box opposite this field.

    When the settings are complete, click the button in the lower right corner of the window.

    The settings window will close and the program will reread these settings.

    Now click on the program icon with the right mouse button and select the item in the context menu Enable auto update.

After this, the program will automatically perform updates at intervals of 20 minutes. If this option does not suit you, you can turn off auto-update or even not turn it on at all. And perform this operation only when you need it, using the context menu item Update manually.

Updating DNS using standard OS tools

In order to indicate a new IP address for your entry (for example, after a connection is broken), just go to the special link. Of course, you can do this manually each time, but you can also set it to update automatically.

For Windows users

In order for your record to be automatically updated, you need to do the following:

    We go to this folder and create a ddns.bat file there with the following content: wget "update_link" del update*

    Open “Start” ⇒ “Programs” ⇒ “Accessories” ⇒ “System” ⇒ “Scheduled Tasks”

    Click on the inscription Add task, Then Further.

    Click Review and select the file C:\ddns\ddns.bat

    In the window that appears, enter Job title(any of your choice) and set the switch to position daily.

    In the next window we indicate the time at which the update will be performed.

  1. (the entire link must be enclosed in double quotes!)

Compiling a DDNS update link

The update occurs by sending the corresponding HTTP GET request to the DDNS server. The request consists of the path to the script and the script parameters.

Script parameters related to the DDNS update system:

    To identify yourself when updating, you must use either a name-password combination or the owner-user key.

    You can specify the host that is being updated. If a host is not specified, all hosts for the given user will be updated.

    You can specify the IP address that will be assigned to the corresponding A records ($host for an A record, or ns.$host for an NS record). If the address is not specified, the IP address from which the update request came will be used.

Example requests:

    Update the elve.site host with the current address, provided that this host belongs to a user with the appropriate key

    Specify elve..168.168.2 for the host if this host belongs to the user elve

Please note that such a link is generated automatically in the Dynamic DNS control panel. At the same time, the link for updating all hosts is on the main page of the panel, and the link for updating a specific host is on the page for editing this host.