List of Russian operating systems. Why did I switch to the Russian operating system “Rosa”
There are facts:
- Russia does not produce operating systems whose role would be noticeable in the IT industry;
- Linux localizations were produced in Russia;
- Windows has a dominant position in the desktop OS market.
The idea of a national operating system revolves mainly around two options.
- Creating your own OS from scratch, perhaps not even compatible with any of the existing ones.
- Creating a good domestic Linux distribution, developing a sufficient number of applications for it so that users leave Windows smoothly.
In my opinion, of the two options, both are bad. According to Net Applications, Windows OS accounted for 89.37% of the market share in February 2009. Apple held 9.71% of the OS market. The shares of Linux and FreeBSD were 0.89% and 0.02%, respectively. The accuracy of these figures can be doubted. But the discrepancy with the truth is almost within the limits of statistical error. It is extremely difficult to change these figures and shake Microsoft's position. Not because Windows is so good, but because trillions of dollars have been invested in developing applications for this platform. Nobody wants to throw them away just like that. Perhaps Apple's position is not as strong as Microsoft's, but it is certainly no worse than that of the future national OS. It turns out that the national OS will not share the pie with Microsoft and Apple. No, it will bite off its share of the market with a capacity of 0.89% + 0.02% = 0.91%. She will not fight for a place in the sun, only for a small piece of it. And it doesn’t matter what it will be: developed from scratch, based on Linux. Why do we want to prepare such an unenviable fate for this unborn child? Isn’t it better to immediately fight for a tasty pie with a share of 89.37%?
Yes, you need to have an operating system that is fully compatible with Windows, and this is where you should focus your efforts. Moreover, such an OS already exists: it is ReactOS. It is still “not out of the swaddling clothes”: it has poor compatibility with existing software for Windows. It does not work on all hardware; not all drivers for Windows are suitable for ReactOS. There are many problems, because the task itself is great. But there are already successes: 32 MB of RAM is enough to run ReactOS 0.3.9! Modesty - at the Windows98 level (Win2K requires 128 MB, WinXP SP1 - 196 MB).
How many computers do we have in government agencies and companies in our country that have unlicensed Windows? One hundred thousand? Million? We multiply this number by the cost of the license and get an amount that can be invested in ReactOS and provide work for a lot of people. And if the government agrees on similar steps with other states, the amount could increase by an order of magnitude. It will be cheaper than writing an “axis” from scratch and then developing software for it. After all, the main idea of ReactOS is to preserve existing applications.
Of course, not everyone will embrace this idea with a bang. After all, writing a new OS is very interesting: you can put fantastic innovations into it. For example, the Hummingbird OS is extremely fast, but in the Phantom OS programs do not run, but “wake up” and “fall asleep” (like the OS itself). And then Windows... A long-known API that needs to be routinely and pedantically copied. There are no innovations, everything should be the same as in this nasty standard. No, this is not for artists, this is for craftsmen.
Anyone who is used to Windows programs is a potential ally of ReactOS. There are millions or even billions of such people. They are also opponents of the future OS if it is not compatible with Windows. Trillions of dollars invested in various software for Windows will vote for such an OS. Millions of netbooks with modest specifications are simply waiting for a compact OS. Such as ReactOS. Acer, Sony, Toshiba, Asus, Lenovo will be happy to pre-install it on their netbooks. 100% compatible with Windows.
However, this is a reasonable way to go. Indeed, in addition to the final result - a national OS, we will have national personnel with experience in developing such systems. But then these personnel can gradually change this OS and follow their line.
Let's remember the history of the rivalry between Intel and AMD. The failure of the Itanium processors clearly demonstrated that Intel had lost the right to abandon the x86 architecture. The AMD x86 processor with 64-bit architecture looked like a forced, deliberately losing response to Itanium. After all, these processors were really worse from a technical point of view. Nevertheless, AMD’s calculation turned out to be correct: it is not Intel that drives the market, but the market that drives Intel and AMD combined.
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In this regard, Microsoft does not have a competitor on its tail. But it would be nice if he were! Intel and AMD are constantly at war: price and technology. Microsoft, on the other hand, feels serene. But ReactOS could further influence Microsoft in the same way that AMD influenced Intel with its 64-bit processors. One can recall the struggle of processor giants to save energy in their brainchildren. And dream about an analogy: Windows Windows 7 “eats” a lot of memory? Here's ReactOS, very modest and frugal. Competition is a great force... If a clone of Winodws existed and was sold freely, the commercial prospects for the latest OS from Microsoft would be foggier... It would be nice to invite foreign ReactOS developers to Russia. Those. move from brain drain to brain gain.
Of course, there are pitfalls, the biggest of which are patents. Microsoft, for example, owns patents for double-clicking the mouse and popping up the context menu when pressing the right mouse button. Without this, Windows, one might say, is not Windows. From the point of view of an ordinary person, such patents are absurd. But they allow Microsoft to sue any competitor in the United States and many other countries. Russia does not recognize these types of patents. The position of the European Union has not yet been fully formed. There is hope that software patents will not be legalized in the EU. China will also oppose software patents in the coming decades. So ReactOS has a chance.
But there is an extremely alarming point regarding the National Software Platform and the methods of its promotion. The PenWin Software company won a competition in September 2011 to create a prototype of a research and development software, the creation of which was given 16 days. A logical question: if new technologies require so little time for their development, then how many domestic products could be created! And here is an opinion on this matter, a quote from the website professionali.ru:
I had several meetings with my old colleagues. These are very knowledgeable and experienced IT people. They cooled my ardor somewhat. They have long been familiar with the PingWin team and the practices of the relevant government structures. Everything was explained to me in detail. This is a cover for another budget cut. Strangers don't come here... Please note that you can only contact them by e-mail, no forums! In short, the main thing is to stir things up, and so that there is no professional discussion, much less control. Well, aren't they great? Cool scammers...
Lest this Russian OS just become a reason for another “cut”...
What operating system does Russia need?
1.ROSA Linux
The ROSA Linux distribution is being developed by the Russian company STC IT ROSA or Scientific and Technical Center for Information Technologies "Russian Operating Systems", development began in 2007 and until today quite a lot of improvements have been developed.
The distribution was initially based on Mandriva, the desktop version and the server version were based on Red Hat. But after Mandriva was closed, the OpenMandriva project was based specifically on Rosa Linux.
It's easy to use and install, providing most of the software the average user needs out of the box.
All necessary media codecs are also supplied with the distribution. The system interface and window design are somewhat similar to the Windows style, and this will help new users get used to the system better.
KDE is used as the desktop shell. In addition, the Rosa developers make many improvements and fixes to most of the packages they ship.
2. Calculate Linux
Calculate Linux is developed by Alexander Tratsevsky from Russia. This distribution is based on Gentoo and includes all its benefits, as well as a large number of additional features and a graphical installer.
Development of the project began back in 2007. Calculate is especially good for business environments. It's optimized for quick deployment—you can set up a configuration on one computer and use it on all others.
The user under his account can use the system regardless of the computer. The latest version of Calculate is 12/15. This version added the ability to create LiveUSB, added support for the open source AMDGPU driver, and many other improvements.
3. ZorinOS
The ZorinOS operating system was developed by a native of Russia, Artem Zorin, who is currently located in Ireland.
This is another enterprise-class distribution that is very similar to Windows. ZorinOS is based on Ubuntu and uses the Gnome 3 desktop environment and its own Zorin DE shell for the user interface.
The latest stable release, ZorinOS 9, is based on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, and the most recent, ZorinOS 11, is based on Ubuntu 15.10. A special feature of ZorinOS is its own design themes, similar to both Windows XP and 7, as well as a theme management utility that allows you to customize the appearance of your desktop.
At the moment, ZorinOS comes in two main versions - stable 9, and the newest 11. Both versions have Core, Lite, Business and Ultimate editions. The first two editions are free, and the last two are available for 8.99 and 9.99 respectively.
4. Runtu
This distribution was probably the first Linux distribution for many Russians. It is based on Ubuntu and offers improved Russian localization. The development of the project began back in 2007.
Then Alexey Chernomorenko and Alexander Becher prepared a special build of Ubuntu for a report at a scientific conference on open source software: Ubuntu Full Power Linux.
Subsequently, this assembly gained popularity among users and in the field of education and was renamed Runtu.
The main goal of this distribution is to provide beginners with a perfectly localized and simple system with all the necessary software out of the box. In addition, there is also its own software, such as the Runtu Assistant utility, which will help new users better configure the system.
The last release of Runtu took place in March 2015. The software has been updated, 64-bit support has been added and some fixes have been made.
5. Astra Linux
The Astra Linux distribution is being developed by NPO RusBITech for military purposes, law enforcement agencies and the FSB.
The distribution focuses on data protection and is used in various government agencies.
The distribution kit is supplied in two editions: Special Edition and Common Edition.
The general edition is intended for enterprises, the special edition for special services. A lot of proprietary software comes with the system.
All applications developed by the distribution's authors have the fly prefix. These are fly-fm - file manager, Fly panel, fly-admin-wicd - network connection manager, fly-update-notifier - update widget, Fly terminal, fly-videocamera, fly-record - sound recording, fly-cddvdburner, fly- ocr - text recognition, etc. By the way, it is important to note that the fly file manager is very similar to Windows Explorer.
The latest release, at the time of writing, took place on March 17, 2016, and this is Astra Linux version 1.11.
6.ALT Linux
ALT Linux is developed by the Russian company of the same name: Alt Linux.
And again, the operating system is designed for the business sector.
By default, all the necessary software for office work, graphics, sound processing, video processing and programming is supplied.
During installation, you can select the distribution components that need to be installed, and thus configure the functionality of the distribution.
The default desktop environment is KDE 4.
Minimum system requirements are 768 megabytes of RAM, as well as a video card with support for 3D acceleration.
The newest version of Alt Linux at the moment is 7.0.5, which was released at the beginning of 2015.
7. Agilia Linux
Another distribution of Russian origin.
Formerly known as MOPS Linux.
Initially based on Slackware Linux. It combines beauty and speed.
Unlike MOPS, the installer has been completely redesigned and the number of applications supplied by default has been increased. The frequency of releases is once every three months.
Sent by SergeuS, for which thanks to him
First, a short introduction - information from the original site for raising funds for, of course, the new Russian super-operating system:
As you can see, before the start of the startup there is nothing left to collect: some 38,497,300 rubles.
So, let's follow the original text with pictures: 
"Patriot OS" - It's time to learn Russian.
Russian Operating system of the future generation “Patriot OS” is a unique operating system that will be developed by Russian programmers for domestic consumption and protection of citizens of the Russian Federation from the monopolies of Microsoft, Google, Apple and other similar ones (xsi: apparently the author is afraid of the word “anal” ", therefore, similar companies are written through "about"). "Patriot OS" is a revolution in the field of Information Technology.
The concept illustrations of the “Patriot OS” Operating System were taken as a model for a complete perception of the minimum capabilities of the system. The maximum capabilities of Patriot OS will be unlimited. We would like to note that these illustrations are not a prototype of the Operating System.
The significance of this system is difficult to assess, since the Russians never had a domestic system and were always dependent on the “West”, which is absurd, since our scientists were ahead of the rest in inventing cutting-edge technologies.
Since “Patriot OS” must remain secret, we will not be able to disclose all the innovations of this system, so as not to give our “Western” partners the hope of appropriating super technologies (xsi: that is, they did not die of laughter ahead of time).
The time has come to change trends and prove to the whole world that their technologies have reached their apogee and cannot develop as rapidly as it has been until now.
"Patriot OS" will be the only operating system that will allow you to achieve excellent results in the security of data transmission and their safety, which will eliminate the possibility of hacking and theft of information.
Having an exceptional architecture, Patriot OS will be able to provide unlimited access to computer resources, which will allow you to create intelligent operating systems for absolutely any device.
"Patriot OS" will have its own "Internet" - "Patrionet", which will be available only to users of the "Patriot OS" system. "Patrionet" is a future generation technology that will allow you to forget what "tedious" Internet pages are, and fully immerse yourself in ultra-fast dynamic technologies, where there is no place for “ancient” systems.
"Patriot OS" will have support for the Internet and other popular networks.
Having a unique integration feature, you will be able to install Patriot OS on top of Windows and Linux, which will allow you to quickly adapt to the new operating system.
The PatriotOS multi-platform will allow you to use the same operating system in all electronic devices, such as computers, mobile phones, tablets, smart watches, cars, airplanes, smart houses/apartments, and other modern inventions.
"Patriot OS" is a dynamic operating system where you will be able to create your own build of "Patriot OS" that you like best.
"Patriot OS" as a super-powerful system will be in demand in all organizations, from small enterprises to large businesses, banks, government agencies and structures. Having a centralized resource control system, Patriot OS will help create intellectual centers for these organizations and connect offices located in different parts of the world into a single system, as one whole “link”, with minimal effort. 
"Patriot OS" is a domestic product that will set new trends for developers and users around the world. Our plans include annual improvements to Patriot OS and further integration with the latest technologies.
"Patriot OS" will use Russian as the main language. Time to forget about the English language's monopoly on technology and software. The moment has come when we can offer the world community to learn Russian. We plan to translate Patriot OS into other languages as needed.
Having ultra-fast processing and data transfer, Patriot OS will open up new opportunities in the design of popular programs and applications.
Your help to this project is a significant contribution to the future of the country, children, history, education, security, technology and many other undeniable values. By helping us, you help all our compatriots.
So let's help each other!!!
Your Participation
Patriot OS needs serious financial support. Creating the Operating System of the future is not a cheap pleasure. We ask for financial assistance from all citizens of the Russian Federation and CIS countries. We hope to receive serious Government support and the support of all leading companies in the Russian Federation in financing this project.
Everything we do and will do is for the benefit of the development of our Russia and its citizens. We do not pursue any commercial interest and hope that the whole country will hear us. 
Rewards - Titles
The most prominent Sponsors of “Patriot OS” will be able to receive titles that will remain with them in the official version of “Patriot OS”. The rank system will be announced later when the beta version of the project is released, but now some of the privileges can be determined. We would like to note that the titles received are a special status in Patriot OS, with which users will be able to receive privileges without a limitation period. The list of privileges will expand every year and will include all possible bonuses and special statuses. We would like to note that obtaining any of the titles in “Patriot OS” after the official release will be a very complex and painstaking procedure, since users with titles will have significant insignia in “Patriot OS”.
Brief Implementation Plan
In 2015, the Patriot OS tree will be developed. We will go from the initial stage of project development to its beta version. This year, serious work will be done to find and expand professional personnel. We will also prepare complete documentation for the project, where all the topics that will concern our future users and fans will be included and explained.
In 2016, the whole world will be preparing for the release of the first official beta version of the project, our portals and forums will begin to actively work, several intriguing innovations will be announced, and of course, an official presentation will take place, in which all those heroes who believed in us will be able to participate. helped the project take place (we mean all those kind people who sponsor the project through boomstarter)
In 2017, Patriot OS will be preparing for a worldwide official release. Even more tasty information will appear, scientific departments will begin to work on the further development of the project. We will announce subsequent innovative projects that will be implemented in Patriot OS.
In 2018, Patriot OS will receive a new update and many different pleasant little things for our users. We will announce further plans for the development of the project. The result of this year will be the project's entry onto the world stage as the only new generation Operating System.
Afterword
"Patriot OS" will be a symbol of independence from foreign technologies. We will be able to build our own ultra-modern industry in the field of information innovation, which will have no equal in terms of development and scale. "Patriot OS" is a great start, which will be followed by even more significant projects.
We ask all people who are interested in Patriot OS to contribute to its development and support our other projects. Having a wide audience, together we can achieve unprecedented success and open the way to the future.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
xsi: well, apparently he has fledged, pushed himself out of the nest and wants big lulz of money. Well, what if there are idiots who will shell out so much money and have to write an operating system from scratch... And this means developing our own drivers for all all devices, so that all available chipsets, processors and everything else are supported (including mobile platforms, judging by the promises )... Moreover, if video card manufacturers write firewood for Windows, because they know that there are several billion of these users, then write firewood for BolgenOs... uh... excuse me, PatriotOs for the sake of the number of users< 50 млн человек (с учетом что у нас каждый второй в приступе патриотизма бросится покупать это говно) никто не будет. Смысла просто нет.
And these are problems only with the iron level, of which there is a carriage and a small cart, and then there is also the software for which, in fact, this very hardware is used. But here everything is much worse, since serious companies make serious packages, like Office, AutoCAD, Photoshop, all sorts of programming languages and modeling tools, accounting, etc., etc. - and all this will either be miraculously supported by PatriotOS in an unknown way, or to someone -all this will have to be written from scratch.
By the way, Linux never replaced Windows for two main reasons - games were written mainly for Windows, and software builds on Linux 10 years ago were very, very poor, which did not allow us to completely abandon the use of Windows on a home desktop.
And here, as I understand it, at best, the ultra-modern PatriotOS will only have a browser for surfing the PatriotInternet. Those. show a blank white screen.
The need to accelerate the development of the domestic software market, ensure maximum independence from foreign developments in the field of high technology and preserve information sovereignty was first discussed at the highest level in 2014, when US and EU sanctions sharply increased the risks associated with the use of foreign software in business and government organizations . It was then that the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation became seriously concerned about solving this strategically significant, in the opinion of officials, issue, along with stimulating demand for national products and developing appropriate measures to support domestic developers. As a result, restrictions on the admission of foreign software in state and municipal procurement, as well as rules for the formation and maintenance of a unified register of Russian programs, were approved at the legislative level in the shortest possible time. All this has had a positive impact on the software market in Russia, which has recently been replenished with many interesting projects and developments. Including in the field of operating systems.
"Alt Linux SPT" is a unified Linux-based distribution for servers, workstations and thin clients with built-in information security software, which can be used to build automated systems up to class 1B inclusive and personal data information systems (PDIS) up to class 1K inclusive. The OS allows you to simultaneously store and process confidential data on one personal computer or server, provide multi-user work with restricted access to information, work with virtual machines, and also use centralized authorization tools. The certificate issued by FSTEC of Russia confirms the product’s compliance with the requirements of the following governing documents: “Computer equipment. Protection against unauthorized access to information. Indicators of security against unauthorized access to information" - according to security class 4; "Protection against unauthorized access to information. Part 1. Information security software. Classification according to the level of absence of undeclared capabilities” - according to the 3rd level of control and technical conditions. Technical support for Alt Linux SPT users is provided by the Free Software and Technologies company through its partner developer Basalt SPO.
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Developer: Basalt SPO company
The Viola platform is a set of enterprise-level Linux distributions that allow you to deploy corporate IT infrastructure of any scale. The platform includes three distributions. This is a universal “Viola Workstation”, which includes an operating system and a set of applications for full-fledged work. The second is the server distribution "Alt Server", which can act as an Active Directory domain controller and contains the most complete set of services and environments for creating a corporate infrastructure (DBMS, mail and web server, authentication tools, work group, virtual machine management and monitoring, and others tools). The third is “Alt Education 8”, focused on everyday use in planning, organizing and conducting the educational process in institutions of general, secondary and higher education. In addition, the Basalt SPO product series includes the above-mentioned certified Alt Linux SPT distribution kit and the Simply Linux operating system for home users.
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Developer: National Center for Informatization (part of the Rostec state corporation)
A Russian project to create an ecosystem of software products based on the Linux distribution, designed for complex automation of workplaces and IT infrastructure of organizations and enterprises, including in data centers, on servers and client workstations. The platform is presented in the “OS.Office” and “OS.Server” versions. They differ in the sets of application software included in the distribution kit. The office edition of the product contains the operating system itself, information security tools, a package of programs for working with documents, an email client and a browser. The server version includes an operating system, information security tools, monitoring and system management tools, an email server and a DBMS. Potential users of the platform include federal and regional authorities, local governments, companies with state participation and state corporations. It is expected that the OSi-based ecosystem will in the near future become a full-fledged alternative to Western analogues.
Development of the research and production association "RusBITech", presented in two versions: Astra Linux Common Edition (general purpose) and Astra Linux Special Edition (special purpose). Features of the latest version of the OS: developed means of ensuring information security of processed data, a mechanism for mandatory access control and control of the closedness of the software environment, built-in tools for marking documents, recording events, monitoring data integrity, as well as other components that ensure information protection. According to the developers, Astra Linux Special Edition is the only software platform that is simultaneously certified in the information security certification systems of the FSTEC of Russia, the FSB, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and allows the processing of restricted access information containing components of state information in automated means of all ministries, departments and other institutions of the Russian Federation secret information classified no higher than “top secret”.
⇡ ROSALinux
Developer: LLC "NTC IT ROSA"
The ROSA Linux operating system family includes an impressive set of solutions designed for home use (ROSA Fresh version) and use in a corporate environment (ROSA Enterprise Desktop), deployment of infrastructure IT services of an organization (ROSA Enterprise Linux Server), processing of confidential information and personal data ( ROSA "Cobalt"), as well as information constituting a state secret (ROSA "Chrome" and "Nickel"). The listed products are based on the developments of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Mandriva and CentOS with the inclusion of a large number of additional components - including original ones created by programmers of the scientific and technical center for information technologies "ROSA". In particular, OS distributions for the corporate market segment include virtualization tools, software for organizing backups, tools for building private clouds, as well as centralized management of network resources and data storage systems.
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Developer: Calculate company
Calculate Linux is available in Desktop, Directory Server, Scratch, and Scratch Server editions and is designed with home users and SMBs in mind who prefer to use open source software instead of proprietary solutions. Platform features: full-fledged operation in heterogeneous networks, a mechanism for roaming user profiles, tools for centralized software deployment, ease of administration, the ability to install on portable USB drives and support for binary repositories of Gentoo updates. It is important that the development team is accessible and open to any comments, suggestions and wishes of the user audience, as evidenced by the huge number of ways to get involved in the Calculate Linux community and platform development.
⇡ "Ulyanovsk.BSD »
Developer: Sergey Volkov
An operating system that is built on the freely distributed FreeBSD platform and contains the necessary set of application programs for home users and office tasks. According to the only OS developer Sergei Volkov, Ulyanovsk.BSD is fully adapted to the needs of Russian-speaking users. “Our assembly is as lightweight as possible and is ideal for use both on home computers and on workstations of employees of various organizations, as well as for use in educational institutions,” says the author of the project, without going into details of how exactly the product he compiled differs from the original. The credibility of the project is added not only by the presence of a commercially distributed distribution and paid technical support, but also by an entry in the Russian software registry. This means that the Ulyanovsk.BSD software platform can be legally used by government organizations as part of projects to introduce import-substituting technologies.
A certified and secure operating system that allows you to process information in accordance with Federal Law No. 152 “On Personal Data” and implement systems for processing restricted access information that is not related to state secrets. ICLinux includes remote administration tools, has a built-in firewall certified for compliance with the RD ME for security class 3, supports RDP, X-Windows System, SSH, Telnet, VNC, VPN, NX, ICA and other protocols. The platform’s assets also include compatibility with the authentication tools of the Aladdin R.D. company. and a modular architecture that allows you to flexibly customize the operating system to suit customer requirements.
⇡ "Alpha OS" (Alfa OS)
Developer: ALFA Vision company
Another Linux clone, equipped with a user interface a la macOS with a set of familiar office applications and filled with deep philosophical meaning. No joke, on the developer’s website in the “About the Company” section, it says: “ The operating system is a special phenomenon, a point at which technological, aesthetic and humanitarian concepts converge. A peak that is visible from all sides. For it to shine and become what it should be, a wide variety of meaningful experiences are needed. And we have it" There is so much expression in these words, what a presentation of information! Agree, not everyone can present their product to a wide audience so expressively. Currently, Alpha OS is presented as a desktop version for x86-compatible systems. In the future, ALFA Vision intends to roll out mobile and server editions of the OS to the market, as well as a distribution kit for devices based on ARM processors.
A software platform developed specifically for computing systems with SPARC and Elbrus architecture. A special feature of the system is the radically redesigned Linux kernel, which has implemented special mechanisms for managing processes, virtual memory, interrupts, signals, synchronization, and support for tagged calculations. " We have done fundamental work to transform the Linux OS into an operating system that supports real-time operation, for which relevant optimizations have been implemented in the kernel. During real-time work, you can set various modes for processing external interrupts, scheduling calculations, exchanges with disk drives, and some others", explains the MCST company. In addition, a set of tools for protecting information from unauthorized access is built into the core of the Elbrus software platform, which allows you to use the OS to build automated systems that meet the highest information security requirements. The system also includes archiving, task scheduling, software development and other tools.
⇡ "EdOS"
An operating system based on the Linux kernel, designed to ensure the security of processed data. "Red OS" complies with domestic information security requirements, has pre-configured configurations for each hardware architecture, uses GOST 34.11-2012 algorithms in the ssh and NX protocols, and also supports access control lists. In addition, the OS supports network authentication using plug-in authentication modules (PAM, Pluggable Authentication Modules) and includes a specialized distributed audit subsystem that allows you to monitor critical security events in the corporate network and provides the IT administrator with the necessary tools for prompt response to incidents IB.
⇡ GosLinux (“GosLinux”)
Developer: Red Soft company
GosLinux OS was created specifically for the needs of the Federal Bailiff Service of the Russian Federation (FSSP of Russia) and is suitable for use in all government bodies, state extra-budgetary funds and local governments. The platform is built on the CentOS 6.4 distribution, which includes developments from Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The system is presented in two editions - for servers and workstations, contains a simplified graphical interface and a set of pre-configured information security tools. The OS developer is the Red Soft company, which won the competition in March 2013 for the development, implementation and maintenance of automated information systems of the Federal Bailiff Service of Russia. In 2014, the system received a certificate of conformity from the FSTEC of Russia, confirming that GosLinux has an estimated trust level of OUD3 and complies with the requirements of the governing document of the State Technical Commission of the Russian Federation for the 4th level of control over the absence of undeclared capabilities. The GosLinux OS distribution for government agencies is located in the national fund of algorithms and programs at nfap.minsvyaz.ru. Currently, the GosLinux platform is being actively deployed in all territorial bodies and divisions of the Federal Bailiff Service of Russia. The OS was also handed over for trial operation to representatives of the authorities of the Nizhny Novgorod, Volgograd and Yaroslavl regions.
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Developer: Almi LLC
Product website:
Another Linux build on our list that definitely doesn't suffer from a lack of praise from developers. " Unique, ideal, simple, combining the convenience of the Windows operating system, the stability of macOS and the security of Linux“- such phrases raising AlterOS to the skies are stitched up and down the official website of the product. What exactly is the uniqueness of the domestic platform is not stated on the site, but information is provided about three editions of the OS: AlterOS “Volga” for the public sector, AlterOS “Amur” for the corporate segment and AlterOS “Don” for servers. The system is reported to be compatible with many software solutions in demand in the business environment, including 1C and Consultant Plus, as well as domestic cryptographic protection tools (for example, CryptoPro). Special emphasis is placed on the absence in the version of the platform for government organizations of software that interacts with foreign servers - everything is done according to the canons of maximum import substitution, the developers say.
⇡ Mobile Armed Forces System (MSMS)
Developer: All-Russian Research Institute of Control Automation in the Non-Industrial Sphere named after. V.V. Solomatina (VNIINS)
A secure general-purpose operating system designed for building stationary and mobile secure automated systems in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Accepted for supply to the RF Armed Forces in 2002. WSWS is based on the Linux kernel and components, supplemented by discretionary, mandatory and role-based models for restricting access to information. The system operates on hardware platforms Intel (x86 and x86_64), SPARC (Elbrus-90micro), MIPS, PowerPC64, SPARC64 and is certified according to the information security requirements of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The security measures implemented in WSWS make it possible to create automated systems based on the platform that process information that constitutes a state secret and has a secrecy level of “SS” (top secret).
⇡ "Zarya"
Developer: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Central Research Institute of Economics, Informatics and Control Systems" ("TsNII EISU", part of the "United Instrument-Making Corporation")
A family of software platforms based on the Linux kernel, which represent an alternative to foreign operating systems currently used in law enforcement agencies, the public sector and defense enterprises. The Zarya desktop operating system is compatible with most traditional office applications and programs. The Zarya-DPC server platform allows you to organize an application server or database server. To build data centers, it offers a standard set of server software, virtualization tools, as well as the ability to work on so-called “big hardware,” including mainframes. For embedded systems operating without human intervention, which must process information in real time, a special OS “Zarya RV” has been developed. The system corresponds to the third class of protection against unauthorized access and the second level of control over the absence of undeclared capabilities. The platform was developed by order of the Russian Ministry of Defense and is expected to be in demand by law enforcement agencies, the defense complex, as well as commercial structures working with state secrets and personal data.
Operating system for terminal stations. It is based on Linux and contains only the necessary set of tools for organizing workspaces using thin clients. All features beyond this scope are excluded from the distribution. Kraftway Terminal Linux supports many application-level network protocols (RDP, VNC, SSH, NX, XWindow, VMWare View PCoIP, etc.), allows you to configure access rights for forwarding USB media, provides the ability to use network and local printers, and contains configuration recovery tools OS during reboot, as well as tools for remote group management of terminal stations and administration of workstations. A special feature of the system is its high security. Kraftway Terminal Linux also supports user authentication hardware: eToken PRO and eToken PRO Java USB keys from Aladdin R.D. CJSC, as well as RuToken S and RuToken EDS from Active-Soft CJSC. The OS can be updated by the administrator via a local network or from a USB drive. It is possible to configure auto-update both from the customer’s local server and from the Kraftway server.
⇡ WTware
Developer: Andrey Kovalev
Another software platform for deploying workplaces in the IT infrastructure of an enterprise using inexpensive terminal solutions. The WTware distribution includes services for downloading over the network, tools for working with printers, barcode scanners and other peripheral equipment. COM and USB port redirection is supported, as well as smart card authentication. To connect to the terminal server, the RDP protocol is used, and to quickly resolve issues that arise when setting up the operating system, detailed documentation is included in the distribution kit. WTware is distributed under commercial terms and licensed by the number of workstations. The developer offers a free version of the OS for the Raspberry Pi minicomputer.
⇡ KasperskyOS
Developer: Kaspersky Lab
A secure operating system designed for use in critical infrastructures and devices. The Kaspersky Lab platform can be used in automated process control systems (APCS), telecommunications equipment, medical devices, cars and other gadgets from the world of the Internet of Things. The OS was created from scratch and, due to its architecture, guarantees a high level of information security. The basic operating principle of KasperskyOS comes down to the rule “everything that is not permitted is prohibited.” This eliminates the possibility of exploiting both already known vulnerabilities and those that will be discovered in the future. At the same time, all security policies, including prohibitions on performing certain processes and actions, are configured in accordance with the needs of the organization. The platform will be supplied as pre-installed software on various types of equipment used in industrial and corporate networks. Currently, Kaspersky Lab's secure OS is embedded in an L3 routing switch developed by Kraftway.
A real-time operating system (RTOS), written by AstroSoft programmers from scratch, without borrowing anyone else's code, and designed primarily for the Internet of Things and embedded devices. In addition, it is suitable for robotics, medical equipment, smart home and smart city systems, consumer electronics, etc. For the first time, the MAX real-time OS (the abbreviation stands for “multi-agent coherent system”) was demonstrated to a wide audience in January 2017. The platform not only implements all the classic functionality of products of this type, but also has a number of unique capabilities for organizing the interaction of many devices, making it possible to simplify the creation of mechanisms necessary in embedded systems: redundancy, hot-swappable equipment, etc. One of the features of MAX is support for shared memory at the device level. This mechanism ensures automatic synchronization of information between nodes of a distributed system, resistant to failures of individual components. RTOS "MAX" is included in the register of domestic software. In addition, the product is registered with the Federal Service for Intellectual Property (Rospatent) and is currently undergoing certification by the Federal Service for Technical and Export Control (FSTEC of Russia) for the fourth level of control of undeclared capabilities (NDV).
⇡ As a conclusion
There are two approaches to creating Russian software. The first is to write the source code of products from scratch, entirely by domestic specialists. The second option involves the creation of national software based on the modification of borrowed source codes. This is precisely what Russian software companies working in the field of software import substitution adhere to. Our top 20 operating systems with the “Made in Russia” label are a clear confirmation of this. Whether this is good or bad is a big question, a subject for a separate discussion.
Good day, Soldiers! This is an article about my small experiment regarding working in another operating system like Rosa. Although the step is risky, it is really long overdue, like a callus, which can easily be understood as Windows OS.
To put it in one word, I was practically disappointed in her and I think everyone can guess why this is so. Everyone knows how much maintenance trouble Windows OS causes. These include various glitches, freezes, and incomprehensible errors such as “The instructions have reached the address...”
And if the system understands that you are in a hurry, then, as if alive, it immediately begins to glitch, freeze and become stupid)))
I don’t understand the policy of this company... Why not focus on polishing and optimizing the program code, developing a friendly control panel, an intuitive interface and other things that will eventually merge into a superOS? After all, the result would be stability, reliability, convenience and speed of work! But instead, the “line of versions” is only lengthening: ... XP, 7, 8. I especially liked “Eight”, having launched which I really couldn’t get into “Documents” for about forty minutes! I remember that my eyes were bloodshot with anger - there was a lot of work, and here I was figuring out “where and what”)
What made this phenomenon a little easier was the fact that I was not the only one who had the same problems. They say that old Bill Gates himself swore terribly when, rubbing his hands in anticipation, he launched the Eight for the first time.))))
As we all know, things don't get better over time. Remember the seven and how well it worked. Literally flew! Now, having gorged itself on various updates like a pig of slop, this version is incredibly consuming resources and has become clumsy like a hippopotamus. Then 8, a year later 8.1. I heard that there will be 10. But the problems remain. I’m not saying that the “Eight” was created exclusively for touch monitors, which didn’t exist at that time! I’m surprised how the company didn’t close at all after such tricks, due to a drop in the level of general trust, and therefore lost profits.
It's more than obvious that the company's regular users are simply sneeze-worthy. And where should we go - after all, Windows is installed on almost all computers and a great many games, programs and applications are “written” for it.
The situation reminds me of large companies in the computer games market, which also do not want to look for any new ideas, approaches, etc., but simply rework an existing game, creating some kind of remake, and convince the end user that “... This game is definitely a game for everyone a game! This is what you all dream about and see in your dreams.”
And as soon as the game goes on sale, it immediately becomes clear that this whole thing is just another piece of crap.
Well, you must agree that it is stupid to create a certain “product” and not take into account the interests of those who will shell out cash for it. Capitalists must understand this: the pursuit of profit and the like. But since the company has been returning the “Start” button for almost two years, then... it’s a long time for us to wait for the ideal Windows. Well, or at least fast and stable)
Apple has the correct policy in this regard. They created their own OS and now with some kind of perverted pleasure they are polishing its code. I heard that the latest version (or update? What do they have there?) has lost as much as one and a half gigs! This is real work! And hence, the stability of the system as a whole, and it requires reinstallation so rarely that such a thing almost turns into an event of world significance”))).
Of course, Windows has plenty of advantages, for example, simplicity, but currently I work in Rosa most of the time.
ROSA Desktop Fresh. Probably the only truly high-quality domestic multi-variant Operating System, which is united by an elegant design and a carefully selected set of application software. Here's a great demo video.
This is a freely distributed Russian operating system developed by the Rosa company, based on Linux and aimed at users of various levels who can appreciate the speed, stability, ease of use and ease of learning the OS. In addition, it is worth noting a wide range of compatible equipment...
1. The very first and very important thing, that is, “everything is included.” That is, the system is absolutely ready to work and there is no need to look for drivers. Install it and use it.
To be honest, I didn’t even understand it at first. And only a few hours later, I noticed that the Internet was there, music was playing, the ports were working, the peripherals were functioning! That's it, yes! The driver problem is gone!
2. Guest mode. A convenient thing, especially for those who are afraid to immediately demolish the familiar system and switch to a new one. That is, we first create an installation flash drive and boot through it. The system is not installed, but functions as if from a flash drive in an evaluation version as many times as desired.
3. Convenience . Everyone understands that working with a program in which the devil breaks his leg is not only inconvenient, but simply “infuriatingly terrible”! Read, for example, reviews of the iTunes program, which every iPhone user is very familiar with. The number of swear words per square centimeter of comment is simply amazing, and there are several hundred of them! And I understand these authors perfectly. A terrible and wildly inconvenient program that you can really figure out! I remember the last comment at that time, something like: “Guys, can you imagine? I bought “Android” and just took and dragged the file from the “Desktop” to the phone!” And everyone was like, “Uh-oh, lucky guy!”
True, after Windows in “Rosa” it’s a little unusual to work with “rooms” and “tables”, but you get used to it quite quickly)
4. Friendly interface. Very convenient and thoughtful, by the way. It is very important. Everything is where it should be and is easy to find without any digging in additional instructions. And by the way, there is also a “Start” button, although it’s a little different, when you click on it you get into some kind of desktop, reminiscent of the menus of “Androids” and “iPhones”.
5. Virus resistant. The risk of infecting your computer with some kind of Internet infection is minimal, which means you can view any website without significant fear. And who would even think of writing “malware” to infect one computer out of ten thousand? Although, please note, I still installed an antivirus - I developed the habit of security)
6. Completely free . A very wise move on the part of the developers. Apple, too, now doesn’t charge anything for its operating system. And rightly so, since freebies help spread the word. Of course, you can do it another way, just impose it, as Windows did. Remember: about seven years ago, any computer was not initially equipped with an OS, and the user could stop any version. Now everything is exactly the opposite, and this is a clever marketing ploy by Microsoft, which, having collected statistics, found out that the percentage of Russian users installing alternative operating systems is growing all the time. Now Russian computers have begun to be “replenished,” but you won’t find a normal working seven during the day. The same installation disks with 7 that users have are valued by the users themselves almost worth their weight in gold, since the Vista modification turned out to be a very successful one. It would be better to optimize it, otherwise it would be five million lines of program code!
7. And finally, “ROSA” is RUSSIAN! Which is good news) I admit, the fact that Russia is lagging behind IT technologies bothers me somewhat. But back in the early 60s of the last century, we created computers based on TRINITY CODE! can you imagine this?
No, to create an appropriate institute similar to Stalin’s “sharashka”, to recruit specialists, isolate them from the outside world and develop an operating system with a package of necessary programs. In China, as far as I know, they are very concerned about such a project and spend hundreds of millions on this matter every year.
Yes, as a matter of fact, there was no need to even develop the program, since I am sure that companies like Adobe and the like would immediately release modifications of their products for the new System. And it’s impossible to do otherwise - the Russian market is large and transfers a lot of money to companies for purchasing software. So, we would strain ourselves and modify it. Wouldn't go anywhere, hehe)))
Okay, now some cons.
“Rosa” is based on some abandoned version of Linux, the rights to polish which were transferred to our company. I foresee that many will immediately “take a stand” and begin to ask: “... If this is so, then what kind of Rosa is it, Russian?” But we won’t listen to such “trolls in sailor suits.” They just want to lick their tongues, but those who want to try “Dew” in action after this article should understand one point well.
It is different and you should not look for a complete analogue of Windows in it. Each system is good in its own way and has its own advantages and disadvantages. There is no ideal system yet and one will not be created anytime soon.
Well, if we talk about the shortcomings, then, of course, the system is still somewhat damp, but no more than Windows, which releases modification after modification, but “things are still there.”
So, first: the installer is rather weak. Second: the KDE desktop is quite power-hungry. Next: It seems impossible to install it in parallel with another, as is sometimes done.
Well, the main disadvantage. Recently, the development of Rosa has slowed down significantly, which means that new functions have stopped appearing, and the enterprise itself clearly has a shortage of human resources. True, I heard that they are now working for the defense industry,” since the work there is paid, and this version of the Rosa Desktop system exists exclusively on a charitable basis.
Users are usually interested in two things: “Is it possible to run Photoshop on Rosa?” and “Is it possible to launch the World of Tanks client.” Regarding “World of Tanks”, I’ll say right away: in the demo video posted at the beginning of the article, at the fifteenth second, the label of this client is visible. So, installation is possible, but I don’t know how, since I haven’t played for a long time. Next, regarding the question about Photoshop, since there are a couple of ways to launch it.
First way. By installing Win, and then using the winetricks script, configure Wine to launch Photoshop .
Second way. Use PlayOnLinux, which allows you to run applications under Windows. In theory, so does the aforementioned client.
Google for more details.
Articles a short summary:
The Russian operating system “Rosa Desktop Fresh” is an excellent option both for a basic user and for demonstrating to friends and acquaintances. Of course, there are several other very good developments, for example, based on Elbrus or ReactOS, created almost from scratch by a loner in his apartment, but consider this the first, suitable for you and me, because:
The Rosa operating system is efficient, stable, fast and does not glitch. When I tested it, I installed it on a virtual machine and ran it there. Interesting observation. The laptop itself (I have an HP processor with an intel(R) Core™ i7-3630 2.4 GHz RAM 8 GB) starts to work quieter, although in theory it should scream like a steam locomotive, because the main system is running, plus VirtualBox, and there is another OS in it spinning. But it's the other way around. The matter is unclear, but good).
It is well suited for the average user for ordinary purposes. Surf the Internet, type letters, read books and texts, sit on Odnoklassniki, watch movies, and in high quality. That is, for a user for whom the basic package already includes a set of necessary programs such as a torrent client or “online radio,” this will be more than enough.
For serious, highly specialized work, it is not suitable, but not because “Rosa” is defective, but because of the lack of software necessary for a specialist, for example, “Photoshop” or a full-fledged 3D editor. For example, I myself sometimes like to model something futuristic in the 3D editor Cinema 4D - - and not Blender, which, although you can run it on Rosa, is inconvenient for me! This means that sometimes you will have to use Windows.
