Program for working with java. Java security organization and updates. Best IDE for Learning: DrJava

Java is an object-oriented programming language and an application software platform created on its basis. Java is an environment for running websites, online stores, forums, remote banking, virtual navigation maps, educational programs, questionnaires and online games, as well as other specialized web applications. Often it is simply impossible to do without this software platform, but there is always the opportunity to download Java for free on a computer with Windows 10, 8.1, 8, 7, Vista, etc. The main difference between the Java project was that it made it possible to create software that does not require compiled for each processor architecture and operating system. Permanent link: website/ru/platform/java

A Brief History of Java Technology Development and Current Status

Java was developed by Sun Microsystems in 1991-1995, and the technology was subsequently acquired by Oracle. The release of the new version of Java was developed in collaboration between Oracle programmers and representatives of the World-Java eco-system, Open JDK and JavaCommunityProcess. Today you can download Java 64-bit or 32-bit for free for Windows 10, 8, 8.1 (for desktop PCs), 7 SP1, Vista SP2, Server 2008 R2 SP1 64-bit, Server 2012 and 2012 R2 64-bit to work with browsers Internet Explorer 9 and higher versions, as well as Mozilla Firefox. The Java software package consists of four software components: the JRE, which is responsible for executing applets, the Java virtual machine, which interprets the bytecode, base classes and auxiliary libraries. Today, the Java Runtime Environment can deploy server-side Java applications and establish a connection between the browser and the Java platform. It is also worth paying attention to free programs with similar functionality: Microsoft .NET Framework, Microsoft Silverlight plugin, Adobe Flash Player, Adobe Shockwave Player in the Platforms and Environments section.

Java compared to popular programming languages

The main advantage of Java is platform independence. The developers promise speed, durability, security and recommend downloading the latest version of Java for free without registration from the official website. However, according to reviews and comments from IT specialists, applications in Java take up more memory, have lower performance and responsiveness, as opposed to their counterparts in C or C++. But Java has a number of advantages in the field of security and reliability compared to languages ​​such as C, C++, Python, Fortran, Ruby, PHP, JavaScript and others.

Advantages of platform-independent Java implementation

The developers claim that any Java applet runs perfectly on various devices running various operating systems. On almost any smart device it is possible to download Java for free and install it successfully, regardless of what operating system the device is running. This option is called not just cross-platform, but platform-independent implementation. The advantage of this way of operating programs is the complete independence of the program code from the OS and hardware. This feature allows Java applets to run on any virtual machine-compatible device.

The advantages of Java include:

Reliable and secure applications and games,
- work in multi-threaded mode,
- ideal functionality for network computing,
- powerful tools for launching network programs,
- reliable protection and encryption of information,
- direct access to web services,
- working with Java applets on the Internet,
- productive interaction with OpenGL and DirectX via Swing,
- GifWriter for working with animated GIF files,
- full Unicode support.

Java Security Organization and Updates

Java's impenetrable security system is due to the fact that application execution is completely controlled by the JVM. Excess of authority, such as unauthorized use of data or sending of information, is immediately stopped. The JRE's high level of security is maintained by maintaining a blacklist of certificates and JAR files. By default, only verified applications with a digital signature can be launched. Users of previous versions are recommended to remove all outdated software, download Java for free for Windows 7, 8, 8.1, 10, as well as outdated Vista and server Windows 2008 and 2012, and install the latest version on the computer. Outdated Java may have vulnerabilities that are unsafe. To maintain a high level of security, you should install updates regularly. Minor changes do not change the indexing, but use the word Update (letter u), but they are no less important. It will not be surprising if you need to download the latest version of Java for Minecraft, Prince of Persia, Solitaire, Need for Speed, GTA, Zona programs, TequilaCat Book Reader, E-666 nutritional supplement database, remote banking or other latest software. Moreover, downloading Java for free for Minecraft and other Java games is simply necessary for high-quality video, the ability to access all settings and normal network gameplay.

How to install Java on your computer correctly

To properly install Java on a PC, you first need to uninstall everything. To remove outdated software, use the standard option: Start - Control Panel - Uninstall a program. Next, you need to download Java for Windows for free from programmywindows.com, a 32- or 64-bit installation file, respectively, observing the bit capacity of the main browser, close all browsers and running programs. When everything is ready, you can start the installation, and when the installation is complete, restart your computer. If both 32-bit and 64-bit browsers are used on the computer, then both versions of Java (32-bit and 64-bit) must be installed for compatibility of Java modules with all browsers.

Having established 7 nominations, we will subjectively determine the best of the best:

Best Free IDE: NetBeans

NetBeans is a powerful open source development environment focused on the web, mobile and desktop applications. Works with Linux, Windows, MacOS and even Oracle Solaris.

Despite the fact that NetBeans allows you to work in several languages, in the developer environment it is considered Java-centric. It works well with JPA, JSP, Struts, Spring and the Hibernate library.

Best Commercial IDE: IntelliJ IDEA

In truth, IntelliJ IDEA comes in two versions, one of which is completely free - Free Community Edition. Moreover, for a novice developer this package is enough. In particular, the Android Studio IDE, which will be discussed a little later, is based on this version.

In the paid version, you get support for Spring frameworks (Spring MVC framework, Spring Security, Spring Boot, Spring Integration, etc.), Node.js, Angular React, Grails, the ability to use additional languages ​​(javascript, typescript, coffeescript) and interact with almost seven popular servers (Tomcat, TomEE, GlassFish, JBoss, WildFly, Weblogic, WebSphere, Geronimo, Virgo, etc.).

Most Popular IDE: Eclipse

It is almost impossible to give an exact figure, but almost any Java developer with more than 2 years of experience has encountered this IDE. Eclipse managed to become the winner in this category thanks to its large community, tons of useful information and countless plugins. As with previous iterations, Eclipse supports multiple languages, but is perceived as a Java stalwart.

The most versatile IDE: JDeveloper

Another product from Oracle with a lot of advantages, including support for version control and the Oracle cloud service, it is packed with SQL Developer, PL / SQL query processor, WebLogic Server, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, JSF, JSP, WSDL editors and a huge amount more all sorts of useful things.

Best for Android: Android Studio

It would be strange if some other IDE became the winner in this category. In addition to all the features that the original IntelliJ IDEA gives you, Android Studio includes many add-ons from Google, both purely visual (layouts, formats, GPU profiler) and functional (JUnit 4 and Firebase Test Lab for testing and debugging, system Gradle builds, Instant Run).

Best IDE for Learning: DrJava

This is exactly the conclusion reached by a team of developers called JavaPLT, representing Rice University. This is not surprising, given that DrJava is their brainchild. However, joking aside, it is worth admitting that DrJava is really perfect for beginners, because this IDE does not even aim to compete with the ones mentioned above. Its main advantage is extremely fast setup and transition to direct coding. As competitors, you can consider BlueJ, JGrasp and Greenfoot on similar terms.

The most promising IDE: MyEclipse

The welcome note on the download page reads “The best Java EE IDE enhanced for the full stack developer.” Well, this is very immodest, not at all supported by facts, but to be honest, it is not far from the truth. In essence, MyEclipse is Eclipse, where everything is initially “screwed on”, “finished” and expanded a little more. The developer offers several versions, two main ones - standard and professional. The standard one is just Eclipse in a new shell, and the Professional contains a mobile web simulator, an image editor, a UML editor, templates, add-ons - in general, everything that will make creating a product much easier.

What do you use?

Java is an object-oriented programming language designed specifically for continuous development. Java differs from other programming paradigms in functionality and logic programming, as developers can continue developing a program without starting from scratch. Objects keep code neatly organized and are easy to change when needed.

For example, a car dealership has several cars. Each of the cars is an item, but each has different characteristics, called classes, which are different for different models: engine, paint colors and so on. The client selects a red pickup but wants to add a stereo system. The new pickup truck inherits all the characteristics from the "pickup truck" object, and the programmer simply needs to change the "STEREO" class, as opposed to building a completely new car. This is what makes Java the ideal platform for cell phones, forum sites, game consoles and anything else that requires constant updating and modification. Programs created in Java are portable because they are compiled in bytecode. It can be executed on any server with Java Virtual Machine (JVM) installed. Unlike C++, objects created in Java do not need references to external data. This means the Java application will continue to run even if your operating system or some other programs fail.

Don't confuse Java with JavaScript. The latter is an interpreted language, like Microsoft's Visual Basic. It is mainly used for short programs, like those that cause pop-ups in a web browser. JavaScript does not have the portability of Java, and is often used as part of HTML code. Java is the second most used programming language in the world, just behind C, and ahead of C++ and Objective C. Plus, it's free to download and update. Java requires Windows XP or higher, Mac OS X 10.7.3 or higher, and works with a wide range of Linux-based systems.

Do you need Java on your computer?

Sun Microsystems created Java in 1995 as a universal platform that can run an application on any machine, regardless of operating system. Java is currently installed on 3 billion devices worldwide. To run Java, you need to download and install the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) on your computer. The JRE contains the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), and all the classes for creating objects. Java is especially useful for programmers, but it is also important for end users working with applications with a Java applet. Russian antivirus company Kaspersky Lab said that half of all cyber attacks in 2012 were directly caused by Java. Most large websites, including Facebook and Twitter, use HTML 5 instead of Java to avoid security risks. Java was once considered the future of the Internet and was absolutely necessary to run almost everything. Now, most cybersecurity experts recommend regularly keeping Java updated if you have it on your computer.

Is Java free?

Sun Microsystems made most of the core code in Java available to the public as free and open source software back in 2007, under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Today, Oracle claims that Java Development Kit (JDK) is free to download. Oracle accused Google of copyright infringement by using Java code in the Android operating system without paying for a license. Google claims that the code used is in the public domain, so the company is not required to pay licensing fees. Google was eventually cleared of most of the claims, but the case is currently being appealed. The simple answer to this question for regular computer users is: "Java is free"! Programmers and companies using it for commercial purposes are required to pay licensing fees.

Where can I download Java?

Java Runtime Environment(JRE, for general users) can be downloaded from our website. Our website is one of the most trusted websites and receives positive reviews from users. Don't trust any other websites that claim to offer free Java downloads as you risk getting a bunch of malware and trojans.

Why do you need to update Java?

Java and all future versions of the application will notify users when updates are available because there are security risks. It is recommended to install updates and patches necessary for Java to function properly. Beware of fake updates such as "Java Update 11" for Windows. The file will look like "javaupdate11.jar." Once installed, it creates a backdoor for hackers to harm your system. Keeping Java up to date is important for security and performance. Java Auto Update automatically checks for necessary updates and fixes. You can install it to search for updates or check for updates manually at any time. Oracle recommends leaving it enabled Java Auto Update. Which, by default, will notify users once a month when there are necessary updates.

Key Point: A Java program is executed from the main method in the class.

Let's start with a simple Java program that displays the message " Welcome to Java!" (The word "console" is an old computer term that refers to a device for inputting and displaying text on a computer. Console input means receiving input from the keyboard, and console output means displaying output on the monitor. In NetBeans, the output is shown in a special window:

Outside the IDE, console programs (i.e. without a graphical interface) are launched on the command line. About the command line in the next section "".

Program source code

Public class Welcome ( public static void main(String args) ( // Show the Welcome to Java message in the console! System.out.println("Welcome to Java!"); ) )

Line 1 defines the class. Every Java program must have at least one class. Each class has a name. It is customary for class names to begin with a capital letter. In this example the class is named Welcome.

Line 2 defines the method main. The program starts execution with the method main. Method main is the entry point where the program begins execution.

A method is a construct that contains instructions. Method main this program contains instructions System.out.println. The instruction displays the line “ Welcome to Java!». String is a programming term meaning a sequence of characters. The string must be enclosed in double quotes. Every statement in Java ends with a semicolon ( ; ), which serves instruction separator.

Reserved words, or whatever they are called keywords, have a specific meaning to the compiler, and they cannot be used for other purposes in the program. For example, when the compiler sees the word class, he understands that the word comes after class is the name of the class. Other reserved words in this program are public, static And void.

Line 3 is a comment, which documents the actions of the program and its structure. Comments help programmers communicate and understand the program. They are not program instructions and are thus ignored by the compiler. In Java, comments are preceded by two slashes on the line ( // ), which is called - comment line. Comments may appear between /* And */ on one or more lines, these lines are called comment block or paragraph of comments. When the compiler sees // , then on this line it ignores all text after // . When he sees /* , it scans the next one */ and ignores any text between /* And */ .

Some example comments:

// This program shows Welcome to Java! /* This program shows Welcome to Java! */ /* This program shows Welcome to Java! */

A pair of curly braces in a program forms block, which groups program components. In Java, every block begins with an opening curly brace ( {) and ends with a closing curly brace. ( } ). Each class has class block, which groups the data and methods of a class. Similarly, each method has method block, which groups instructions in a method. Blocks can be nested, this means that one block can be placed inside another, as shown in the following code:

Clue: Any opening curly brace must be matched by a closing one. Every time you type an opening brace, type the closing one immediately to prevent errors caused by missing braces. Most Java IDEs automatically insert a closing brace for each opening brace.

Attention: Java program source code is case sensitive. It would be wrong, for example, to replace in the program main on Main.

You have become familiar with several special characters in the program (for example, { } , // , ; ). They are used in almost every program. The table summarizes their use:

The most common mistakes you'll make while learning to program are syntax errors. Like any programming language, Java has its own syntax and you need to write code that follows the rules of the syntax. If your program violates a rule—for example, if there is a missing semicolon, a missing curly brace, a missing quotation mark, or a misspelled word—the Java compiler will report syntax errors.

Note: You might be wondering why the method main This is how it is defined and why it is used to display a message in the console System.out.println(…). For now, just take it for granted. All your questions will be answered in the following chapters.

The program displays one message at the beginning. Now that you've got the hang of the program, it's easy to distribute it to display more messages. For example, you could rewrite the program to display three messages:

Public class WelcomeWithThreeMessages ( public static void main(String args) ( System.out.println("Coding is fun!"); System.out.println("Basics First"); System.out.println("Problem Driven"); ) )

Java is a powerful programming language that supports many platforms. Each has its own development environment - let's see which ones.

Once owned by Sun Microsystems and now by Oracle, NetBeans is one of the best IDEs of the last decade. NetBeans is a modular development environment, and all of the IDE's features come in packages called modules. It offers easy integration with version control software. NetBeans was created as open source, so everyone can contribute to its development. It is free and works on most operating systems and platforms.

• Developer: Oracle.
• Price: Free.
• Size: 186 MB for Java EE version.

2 - IntelliJ IDEA

IntelliJ is a closed source Java IDE and one of the premier IDEs for Java (the other two being Eclipse and NetBeans). IntelliJ IDEA has a great, modern interface. It was chosen as the base IDE for Android Studio, a new software for creating Android applications developed by Google.

WITH There are two versions of IntelliJ - Community Edition, which is free, and Ultimate Edition, which is fully recognized and requires the use of paid licenses.

• Developer: JetBrains.
  
• Platforms: Windows, Mac and Linux.
  
• Price: Paid ($199 individual user license). Free for students, there is also an open source version - also free.
  
• Size: 180 MB for Community Edition, 290 MB for Ultimate Edition.

3 - Eclipse

Eclipse is one of the most popular IDEs, not only for Java but also for C++ with PHP. Eclipse is an open source tool with a great developer community. It also has a huge library of plugins created by the users themselves. This IDE has many versions, the most popular is Eclipse Oxygen . Eclipse was also the base IDE for the old Android SDK (Software Development Kit).

• Developer: Eclipse Foundation.
  
• Price: Free.
  
• Size: The Eclipse Oxygen download package for Java EE is 180 MB.

4 - JDeveloper

JDeveloper is a completely free development environment released by Oracle. JDeveloper offers several features such as: refactoring; Git version control; audit and metrics; debugging and profiling code; Ant and Maven support. It comes in two versions:Studio Edition, which has a fully loaded set of tools for creating Java programs, and Java Edition, which lacks J2EE, ADF, UML, and database features, but this version takes up less space and is faster. Java Edition has all the basic features needed for Java and should satisfy most beginning Java programmers.

• Developer: Oracle.
  
• Platforms: Windows, Mac and Linux.
  
• Price: Free.
  
• Size: Java Edition -181 MB, Studio Edition -1.8 GB.

5 -Dr. Java

Dr. Java is a lightweight Java IDE that is supported by the SourceForge project. It is intended primarily for beginner programmers and students, but also has advanced features for professional programmers. This is a free and open source project. Dr. Java is maintained by the JavaPLT group at Rice University. Its interface was developed using the Swing toolkit developed by Sun Microsystems.

• Developer: JavaPLT.
• Platforms: Windows, Mac and Linux.
  
• Price: Free.
  
• Size: 13 MB

6 - BlueJ

BlueJ is an open source Java IDE created for educational purposes. It is also suitable for developing small software projects. BlueJ's interface is quite simple, so beginners can use it with ease. It shows classes and objects in a clean, visual way. The main goal of BlueJ is to teach object-oriented programming, so the project is suitable for beginners.

• Developer: King's College London, University of Kent.
  
• Platforms: Windows, Mac and Linux.
  
• Price: free.
  
• Size: 160-170 MB (including JDK).

7 - jCreator

jCreator is a fast and efficient Java IDE written in C++ (which supposedly makes it faster than other IDEs written in Java). It has an interface similar to earlier versions of Visual Studio and allows you to customize it to your liking. jCreator is a paid IDE, but a free version is available without features such as code completion. jCreator only offers Windows support, but can be run on Linux using Vine.

• Developer: Xinox Software.
• Platforms: Windows.
• Price: from $30 to $1600, trial version available.
• Size: 7.2 MB for trial version.

8 - jGrasp

jGrasp is another very lightweight Java IDE that focuses on software visualization. It has features such as UML class diagrams that help improve code readability. jGrasp automatically generates visualizations, and also has data structure identification mechanisms, dynamic object viewers, and several other features that present Java code in a nice, easy-to-read format.

• Developer: Auburn University.
  
• Platforms: Windows, Mac and Linux.
  
• Price: Free.
  
• Size: 5 MB.

9 - Greenfoot

Greenfoot is an educational Java IDE. It relies heavily on visualizing data structures and is optimized for creating simple programs and 2D Java games. Greenfoot has an online sharing feature that is configured directly within the environment. Users can share their programs online for others to view and receive help and feedback. Collaborative projects can be edited online. Overall, Greenfoot is great for beginners.

• Developer: King's College London, Oracle.
• Platforms: Windows, Mac and Linux.
  
• Price: Free.
• Size: 162 MB for Windows (including JDK).

10 - Codenvy

Codenvy is a purely cloud-based IDE, meaning it does not require installation. Codenvy has all the features of a full-featured standalone IDE, including build/run/debug environments. The ability to collaborate in real time is one of the desirable features of Codenvy. Codenvy has a great interface and multiple workspace options. It is available after paying a monthly subscription fee. The Community edition of Codenvy is free to use.

• Developer: Codenvy Inc.
  
• Platforms: Browser-based.
  
• Price: free for Community edition Subscription to the premium version from $1/month.

Conclusion

Because Java is a cross-platform programming language, almost all development environments are also cross-platform. However, again, the choice of IDE also depends on personal preferences, purposes of use, and skill level. Good luck!