Presentation for a lesson in computer science and ICT on the topic: Presentation - Communication technologies. Information and communication technologies

“Local Area Networks” - Types of LAN topologies. Repeater. Star. Network hardware. Net. Speed characteristics. LAN topology. Network interface card. Methods of connecting computers. Twisted pair. A group of computers. Physical topology. Distributed star. Switch. Lots of users. Router.

“Wi-Fi” - The main purpose of Wi-Fi is to connect computers into a local network. Wi-Fi. What is Wi-Fi? Wi-Fi technology is one of the formats for transmitting digital data over radio channels. An access point is a kind of center around which a Wi-Fi network is formed. Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) - translated from English - “wireless loyalty”.

“Global and local networks” - Local and global networks. Information security problems in Russia are regulated by the Information Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation. First stage. Purposes of using local networks. Integrated applications. The built-in OperaShow function allows you to use HTML documents for presentations. A little bit of history...

“Corporate network” - Principles of corporate IS design. Access. The structure of the main goals (motives) of deliberate actions of personnel. Basic concepts of information security. Activities of law enforcement agencies. Russia's transition to market relations. Complete normalization of processes. Directions for improving information and communication systems.

“Wireless networks” - Speed reaches 20 Mbit/s. The main element of any wireless network is the access point. Based on the IEEE 802.16 standard, also called Wireless. The distance for data transmission does not exceed 10 meters. Theoretically, the coverage area is 60 kilometers; in practice, it is about 10 km. Briefly about wireless network security tools.

“Informatics local networks” - “Bus” topology. Advantages and disadvantages of bus topology networks: Advantages and disadvantages of ring topology networks. All computers are connected using cable segments to a central component - a hub. Star topology. Ring topology. This topology is the simplest and most common network implementation.

There are a total of 17 presentations in the topic

Slide 1

Information and communication technologies (ICT) - the use of a computer to search, transmit, store, structure and process information. The concept of “information processing” also includes the creation of new information based on (using) existing information

Slide 2

The subject teacher - Teacher-tutor - uses ICT as an auxiliary tool in his teaching activities, but his competence in the field of ICT does not allow him (for now) to be a mentor (tutor) for other teachers in this field. owns IR technologies not only to a greater extent than a subject teacher, but also uses them more flexibly and diversified.

Slide 3

ICT literacy - simple mastery of basic skills in the field of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) ICT competence - the ability to creatively apply skills in the field of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) The professional orientation of education and self-education of a subject teacher stimulates the development of his pedagogical competence and allows for practical activities to form a subject-oriented level of ICT competence, so necessary in the educational process

Slide 4

Information processes influence all components of the educational system: the content of education and upbringing, the activities of teaching and support personnel, the solution of financial and economic issues, and determine the system of guidelines and growth points for the educational system as a whole. This is due to the fact that the educational process, which is a pedagogically organized interaction of its participants, is also an information process associated with the production, storage, exchange and consumption of various information. Due to this circumstance, it is necessary to organize a unified information space of the educational institution, that is, the environment in which it will take place.

Slide 5

Information space of an educational institution, general principles of its construction

Slide 6

The unified information space of an educational institution is a system in which all participants in the educational process are involved and connected at the information level.

Slide 7

The goals of creating a unified information space: organizing the delivery of information received from external sources within the educational institution; integration of internal processes (educational, organizational) and information technologies.

Slide 8

EOIP (single educational and information space) of an educational institution is a system that: includes material, technical, information and human resources; ensures automation of management and pedagogical processes, coordinated processing and use of information, full-fledged information exchange; assumes the presence of a regulatory and organizational framework, technical and methodological support

Slide 9

Participants in the information space Administration Teachers Students Parents TOP LEVEL MANAGERS ADMINISTRATION STUDENTS TEACHERS PARENTS Diagram of information connections between participants in the educational process

Slide 10

The information infrastructure that combines various information resources of the institution's structural divisions and ensures their uniform use includes: general-purpose software (text and graphic editors, spreadsheets, etc.); software for automating the activities of various services (for accounting for students and parents, for personnel records, for scheduling, for analyzing academic performance, for library automation, etc.); software and methodological support for organizing the educational process (educational and developmental computer programs, electronic reference books, multimedia encyclopedias, etc.); information resources of an educational institution (unified database, educational and methodological data banks, multimedia educational developments, document storage, website).

Slide 11

General principles of forming an information space Before attempting to form an information space, it is necessary to solve the following problems: Determine the circle of participants in the information space from among the participants in the educational process, the degree of their interest and forms of interaction inside and outside the information field of the educational institution. Identify the most common flows of basic or basic information, which are the easiest to formalize and, as a result, are already formalized in any (or almost any) educational institution. Clearly describe the structure of the information space and all its information levels and sublevels.

Slide 12

The school must create its own model of informatization and the information and educational space of the school in the information space of the region, have a team that has an information culture and is proficient in information technology design

Slide 13

The model for constructing an information space can consist of several levels: The first level is the presence in an educational institution of one computer (or several that are not interconnected). The common base and applications are installed on this computer. The second level is Intranet (internal network), or the presence of several computers united into one network. The third level is the Internet, which provides for the creation and opening of access to all direct participants in the educational process and external visitors to the website of the educational institution

Slide 14

The website of an educational institution must provide the following features: interactive communication of participants in the educational process; posting information for public viewing; placement of service information, access to which is provided only after entering the appropriate code or password; placement of individual information fields of participants containing personalized information.

Slide 15

Model of the information space of an educational institution Teachers Students Educational process Director Educational institution administration Accountant, caretaker Administrative and financial support Public information Librarian, psychologist, etc. Ensuring the Educational Process Head Teacher Planning and Organization of the Educational Process

Slide 16

The means that make up the unified information space of an educational institution: means of organization and management; means of communication; means of education

Slide 17

Main groups of information flows, features of their formation Analysis of the main directions of work of an educational institution and the tasks it solves allows us to divide the main production processes of the institution into three large groups: Planning, organization and operational management of the educational process, as the basic production process of an educational institution. Administrative management of the functioning of an educational institution and the provision of the educational process in compliance with all necessary external and internal reporting forms. Organization and provision of content of the educational process.

Slide 18

Stages of formation of the information space of the educational institution Formation of basic information of the educational institution Processing and specification of basic information in the system of planning and management of the educational process Transfer of information from the planning system to the system for administering the activities of the educational institution and the system for ensuring the content of the educational process. Processing, archiving, storage Transfer and processing of information in additional software modules. Generation of reporting documentation

Slide 19

Internal information space of a school teacher Organization of a teacher’s information space on an interschool server or personal computer. But in addition to a computer, a subject teacher’s workplace should include a printer and scanner, as well as a multimedia projector.

Slide 20

Organizing a teacher’s personal information space One of the main competencies of a subject teacher in the field of ICT is the ability to organize his or her computerized workplace. To do this, you need to have an understanding of the basic elements of a computer, system and peripheral devices (printer, scanner, etc.).

Slide 21

Proper organization of your workplace means a file system that is convenient for you plus application software used in your professional activities. In order to be able to work with software, you need to learn how to work with a special environment for their work - the operating system.

Slide 22

All software products are divided into certain classes: Operating systems (coordinate the interaction of programs and devices). Application software products (applications): general-purpose applications (MS Word, MS Excel MS, Power Point, graphic, text and web editors): special-purpose applications, for example “1C: ChronoGraph School”.

Slide 23

A personal computer is a universal technical system. Its configuration (equipment composition) can be flexibly changed as needed. However, there is a concept of a basic configuration that is considered typical. The computer usually comes with this kit. The concept of a basic configuration may vary. Currently, four devices are considered in the basic configuration: system unit, monitor, keyboard, mouse

Slide 24

The advantages of a PC are: low cost, within the reach of an individual buyer; autonomy of operation without special requirements for environmental conditions; flexibility of architecture, ensuring its adaptability to a variety of applications in the field of management, science, education, and everyday life; the “friendliness” of the operating system and other software, which makes it possible for the user to work with it without special professional training; high operational reliability

Slide 25

A special unit of measurement has been introduced to measure the amount of information. It is called a bit (from the English phrase binary digit). So the capacity of storage devices can be measured in bits. However, practice has shown that a bit is too small a value. Therefore, another value is used, which is called a byte. A byte is equal (as it was defined!) to 8 bits. 1 byte=8 bits

Slide 26

But a byte is not a large quantity. Therefore, just as we enter kilograms (that is, thousands of grams), we need to enter kilobytes (that is, thousands of bytes). 1 kilobyte = 1024 bytes

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System unit The following is installed in the system unit: a hard drive, which is connected to the motherboard with a special cable; a special power supply to supply electrical energy to all devices of the system unit; devices for working with external media. On the front panel of the system unit you can see the following buttons: turning on the unit (labeled Power), rebooting the computer (Reset), a hard disk access indicator (with a cylinder), and a power supply indicator.

Slide 29

Monitor The results of the computer are displayed on the monitor. Externally, the monitor resembles a TV. Monitors differ in many ways, in particular, screen size (like televisions). The most common monitors now have a screen diagonal of 17 inches (approximately 43 cm). In this case, the visible area of the monitor screen is approximately 40 cm. Currently, monitors with liquid crystal screens are becoming increasingly common.

Slide 30

Keyboard A keyboard is a keyboard control device for a personal computer. Serves to enter alphanumeric (character) data, as well as control commands. The monitor and keyboard combination provides the simplest user interface. The computer system is controlled using the keyboard, and feedback is received using the monitor. Inside the keyboard housing are key sensors, decoding circuits, and the keyboard microcontroller.

Slide 31

Mouse A mouse is a special kind of manipulator that allows you to optimize work with a large category of computer programs. Based on the method of movement, mice are divided into optical-mechanical and optical. Based on the method of transmitting data to the computer, mice are divided into wired and wireless.

Slide 32

The data that the processor will process must be taken from somewhere. Thus, we should move on to the concept of computer memory (memory), which we will talk about separately. Next, we need to provide communication channels between the processor and memory. These communication channels are called buses. Processor Processor - a device that processes information

Slide 33

Motherboard You need to somehow place the processor, memory, and buses “in space.” Therefore, a special motherboard is made, which provides places for mounting the processor and memory. At the same time, the board itself is made of PCB, and the buses are metal conductors deposited on this PCB.

Slide 34

Computer memory But now the problem arises of how to ensure high speed data transfer from memory to the processor and back. The point is that the processor can add and subtract (and multiply and divide) very quickly. I would like to give him information as quickly as he can process it. Consequently, the processes of reading from memory and writing to memory must also proceed very quickly. And here the question arises - how to ensure this technically? The creators of computers decided that the problem should be solved in two stages (in accordance with modern technical capabilities) and divided memory into two complexes - RAM and long-term memory. Let's look at them.

Slide 35

RAM RAM responds very quickly to all demands of the processor and supplies it with the requested data for processing. RAM communicates with both the processor and long-term memory. This memory is made on special chips that can very quickly exchange data with the processor.

Slide 36

Long-term memory. HDD. Externally, the hard drive is a closed box. It often happens that the hard drive at the bottom is also closed, and you will not see any chips at all. If we remove the bottom cover, we will see that there is actually a disk inside this box. This disk rotates at high speed (7200 rpm). Information is written (read) onto its surface using electromagnetic pulses. This is done by a read-write head mounted on a rod. In general, the device resembles a gramophone record player, which some still remember, but others know only from movies. Usually, when they talk about long-term memory, they mean the so-called hard drives (they are often called hard drives)

Slide 37

Why are two types of memory needed? Why can’t you get by with just one RAM, since it’s so fast and good? There are two reasons for this. RAM requires constant power supply. As they say, RAM is volatile. When you turn off your computer, everything will be erased from it. You can, of course, not turn it off. But if there is a power outage, the fate of your information will be tragic.

Slide 38

Video card As a rule, modern video cards intended for games have their own specialized processor, as well as their own RAM. If the computer does not have a video card, then you cannot connect a monitor to it even just physically: the connector for connecting the monitor is located on the video card. Other cards can be installed in the computer, for example, a sound card (for playing sounds, music), a network card (for connecting to a local computer network), and so on. There are special connectors on the motherboard for connecting external devices. A monitor is used to “communicate” the computer with us. The monitor should also be connected to the motherboard. To interface them with each other, modern computers use a special bus. In addition, an additional device is used that relieves the processor of the need to remember and process information about the brightness and color of points on the monitor. This device is called a video card.

Slide 39

Cooler and other devices In addition to expansion cards, the computer uses many other devices. For example, a fan for cooling a processor, a cooler.

Slide 40

Documents and Programs You use your computer to view, edit, and create a variety of materials. All didactic and methodological notes, task cards, descriptions of laboratory work, etc., as well as reports, photographs, drawings, videos, sound recordings, tables, diagrams - they all constitute documents. All the tools with which you perform some actions on these documents are called programs.

Slide 41

To work with a document, you must use an appropriate program that can process documents of the appropriate type. It is clear that for drawing you need to use different programs than those used to write the text of the textbook. Therefore, there are many programs on your computer that can work with various types of documents.

Slide 42

Operating System In order for you to be able to work with these programs, you need another special program that will make sure that all other programs work correctly so that they do not interfere with each other. Roughly speaking, such a program must link together programs, documents, and must also correctly distribute access to various computer resources, such as the processor, memory, space in long-term memory, etc. and so on. We can say that this should be a kind of NAD program that brings everything together into a system and allows you to perform operations on the elements of this system. This program is called the operating system.

Slide 43

The operating system exists on any computer (it is installed on the computer before you are allowed to work on this computer). Without an operating system, it is impossible to communicate with a computer. It is also impossible to add (install) new programs to a computer if some operating system is not pre-installed on the computer. You will work with an operating system developed by Microsoff. This operating system is called Windows (windows). There are several modifications of this operating system. We will consider the Microsoft Windows XP Professional operating system.

Slide 44

About other programs that run on a computer, they say that they run in the Windows “environment”. These programs are not simply copied onto the computer, but installed (installed) in a certain simple but special way. Programs are integrated into the operating system. Therefore, programs are often called Windows applications. Since they are included as a kind of autonomous objects (they organize a kind of federal state), these programs can only be removed using a special procedure called uninstallation.

Slide 45

Programs are a set of specific instructions that describe how the computer should react to certain actions of a person using the computer. (This person is called the user). The instructions are coded in numbers. Therefore, the programs are said to be presented in digital form. Likewise, all documents are presented in digital form. Documents and programs are stored on the computer (digitally) as separate blocks. File - a volume of information that has a name and is recorded on a hard drive, called a file.

Slide 46

All documents and programs are stored as files. Programs can contain several files (several tens or even hundreds). Documents are typically stored in one file each, but there can be a more complex situation where a document consists of multiple files. The files are placed on the computer's hard drive in an order convenient to the operating system. In order for files to be found, each file has a specific name, which consists of two parts separated by a dot: the actual file name and the file name extension. For example: Mydrawing.bmp, My_drawing.bmp, Mydrawing.bmp The file name extension indicates the type of document (in fact, the method of converting it into digital form and the method of restoring it from this form and displaying it on a computer screen). Some extensions are uniquely linked to the program in which the document was created. For example: Instructions. doc – The document was created using Microsoft Word. Instructions. ppt – The document was created in Microsoft PowerPoint. Such documents are said to be of a certain type. Thus, files created in Word are generally represented as: *. doc And they talk about them as “Word” type files. The fact is that files created in one program can often be read not only in the parent program, but also in another program specially “trained” for this.

Slide 49

Folders Your computer can give you a list of all the files that are on your hard drive so you can find the file you need and start working with it. However, if your computer contains thousands or even tens of thousands of files, it will be difficult to find the file you need. The situation will become even more complicated if you need to work with some group of files related to the topic you are currently working on. You not only need to find each file, but also remember which files you need and what they were called. Practice shows that this is a rather difficult task. To make it easier to work with files, you can collect them into groups called folders. Slide 51

The file system is the general structure that determines how the operating system names, stores, and places files. For Windows XP, the file system is called NTFS. When dealing with a file system, you are actually working with a kind of address table where file location data is entered. Moreover, if the full address of a person includes the region, district, city, street, house, apartment, last name and initials of the person, then the full address of the file includes the “path” to it through a set of folders. For example: Kursk region, Zolotukhinsky district, village of Second Vorobyovka, estate of A.A. Feta, director. The file location is indicated in the same way: C:\Documents and Settings\ivanovps\My Documents\Book\Chapter -1\Working with the Windows program.doc Here the names of the folders are listed through oblique dashes, which are called “slashes”. This indication is called the "full filename". A file system can be schematically represented in this form. Icons are graphic images that allow you to quickly find and launch the required program. The program is launched by double-clicking the corresponding icon. Below the icon is its name. If the title is too long, it is interrupted by an ellipsis; as soon as you left-click the icon once, the title will be displayed in full.

Slide 54

If there is an arrow in the lower left corner of the icon, then it is a shortcut. A shortcut is a link to the program. When you delete a shortcut, the program it points to is not deleted.

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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Questions What are databases? What types of databases are there? What is a record, field, field type, primary key? What is a DBMS? Give an example. What is sorting in databases? What is database searching? ?

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For multiple computers to work effectively and collaboratively, they need to exchange information. Computers can exchange information using channels of various natures: Cable Radio Fiber Optic Information exchange channel Information sender Information recipient

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A computer network is a collection of computers and various devices that provide information exchange between computers on the network without the use of any intermediate storage media. Networks provide users with the opportunity not only to quickly exchange information, but also to collaborate on printers and other peripheral devices, and even to process documents simultaneously.

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To connect computers to each other you need: network cards for each computer; connecting cables; network software. Purpose: transfer of information between computers; shared access to programs and data; sharing of equipment. - this is the connection of 3 or more computers with each other over a short distance using cables.

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Basic concepts: Server (service device) is a central computer on which network software is installed; this computer provides services to other computers on the network, which are called workstations or network subscribers. A peer-to-peer network is a network in which there is no specially dedicated server. An administrator is a person who is responsible for the operation of the network, its serviceability, and the user’s access rights. The network operating system is the basis of local network software. Its main task is to use shared network resources.

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Serial ring Each computer is connected to each other, the signal carrying information goes in a circle.

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Star connection Uses a separate cable for each computer, routed from the central device

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Tree connection There is one central server for the entire network and several file servers for different workgroups

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If a network exists within a certain region, then it is called regional. Networks serving some industry of the state (education, science, defense, etc.) are called industry (corporate) networks. Each regional or industry computer network usually has connections with other networks.

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Questions What is a computer network? Types of computer networks. What networks are called local? What is a server and network operating system? Methods of connecting computers on a network (name and diagram). What networks are called regional?

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A global computer network is an association of two or more networks. Currently, there are more than 200 global networks registered in the world, which are interconnected via the Internet. The Internet is a single information space, a network of networks.

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Global computer network Internet In 1969, the ARPAnet computer network was created in the USA, uniting computer centers of the Ministry of Defense and a number of academic organizations. This network was intended for a narrow purpose: mainly to study how to maintain communications in the event of a nuclear attack and to help researchers share information. As this network grew, many other networks were created and developed. Even before the advent of the personal computer era, the creators of ARPAnet began developing the Internetting Project program. The success of this project led to the following results. First, the largest Internet network in the United States (with a lowercase i) was created. Secondly, various options for interaction of this network with a number of other US networks were tested. This created the preconditions for the successful integration of many networks into a single global network. Such a “network of networks” is now called the Internet everywhere (the Russian spelling Internet is also widely used in domestic publications).

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Basic concepts The Internet is a collection of nodes connected by communication channels. Each node (host) contains one or more powerful computers - servers running an operating system. The node is managed by its owner – an organization (provider). The Internet unites networks that operate using different protocols. A network protocol is a program containing a set of rules that establish the type of data used, standard communications, and error handling rules. When networks operating under different protocols are combined, there is a need to transfer data from the format accepted in one network to the format accepted in another. Computers and programs that perform this function are called gateways. If two networks using the same protocols are connected, then the equipment standing between them is called bridges.

Information transmission Channel capacity (information transmission rate) is the amount of information transmitted per unit of time. Units of measurement of channel capacity Bit / sKbit / sMbit / sGbit / s Byte / sKbyte / sMByte / sGByte / s Sender of information Receiver of information Information transmission channel

Local networks A local network unites computers (within one building) and allows users to share the resources of computers and peripheral devices connected to the network (printers, modems, etc.) Types of local networks: Peer-to-peer network - all connected computers have equal rights. A network using a server that stores the most important information. Access to this information is determined by the network administrator.

Global computer network Internet The Internet unites local, regional and corporate networks throughout the world. The Internet is a network of networks. The user's computer can connect to the Internet using Internet service providers. The provider provides access to the Internet via telephone channel to hundreds and thousands of users simultaneously. The provider is the owner of servers that have a permanent connection to the Internet.

Internet connection Telephone communication channels Radio channels (within line of sight) Satellite channels A modem is used to connect a computer to a telephone line. The modem provides modulation and demodulation of the signal as it is transmitted over telephone lines. Modulation - an analog signal typical of telephone lines is converted into a digital (computer) signal, demodulation - inverse conversion.

Internet Addressing Every computer connected to the Internet has its own unique 32-bit IP address. Using the formula N = 2 I, you can calculate the total number of different IP addresses. N = 2 32 = A 32-bit IP address connects more than 4 billion computers to the Internet.

Addressing on the Internet For ease of readability, the binary 32-bit IP address is divided into four parts of 8 bits and each part is represented in decimal form. A decimal IP address consists of four numbers in the range 0 to 255, separated by dots (for example,) IP address in binary and decimal form Binary Decimal

Domain Name System For the convenience of Internet users, a domain name system was introduced, which assigns a unique domain name to the numerical IP address of a computer. The domain name system has a hierarchical structure: top-level domains - second-level domains - third-level domains, etc. Top-level domains are of two types: Geographic (two-letter) Administrative (three-letter)

Some top-level domain names Administrative Type of organization Geographical Country com Commercial ru Russia edu Educational ua Ukraine gov Government us USA net Communications ca Canada org Non-profit de Germany Administrative domains are often registered as second-level domains. For example, the domain name of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation:

Routing Protocol (data routing) The Routing Protocol (IP) ensures the delivery of information from the sending computer to the receiving computer. Internet packets on the way to the recipient computer pass through numerous intermediate Internet servers on which the routing operation is performed. You can find out the route of information on the Internet using the Tracert.exe program, which is included in Windows.

Transport Protocol (data transport) To ensure reliability during transportation, large files are split into separate IP packets. The Transport Protocol (TCP) ensures that files are split into IP packets on the sending computer and files are assembled from the received packets on the receiving computer. Package delivery routes may vary

Information resources of the Internet World Wide Web (WWW) E-mail () File archives Communication on the Internet Reception of radio stations and television channels

World Wide Web The World Wide Web uses hypertext technology in which documents are linked together using hyperlinks. Hyperlinks allow you to navigate from one document to another. Documents containing hyperlinks are called Web pages, and the Internet servers that store them are called Web servers.

World Wide Web The World Wide Web is hundreds of millions of Internet Web servers containing hundreds of billions of Web pages that use hypertext technology. Topically related Web pages constitute a Web site. A website is an integral system of documents interconnected into a single whole using hyperlinks.

World Wide Web You can find a Web page on the Internet using the universal resource locator (Web page address). The universal resource locator (URL) includes the document access protocol, the domain name or IP address of the server on which the document is located, as well as the path to the file and the file name itself: Protocol:// domain name / file path / file name

World Wide Web The hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) is used to access Web pages. When writing a protocol, its name is followed by a colon and two forward slashes: Example of the address of one of the pages of a computer science website Access protocol Server domain name File path and file name of the Web page

World Wide Web Viewing Web pages is carried out using special programs - browsers. The most common browser is Internet Explorer. Other browsers: Opera, Mozilla. To view a Web page, you must enter its URL into the address bar of your browser.

Electronic mail () Electronic mail is historically the first computer networking service. Advantages over regular mail: Speed of message forwarding. The letter may contain attached files (documents, graphics, sound, etc.). Allows you to send messages to several subscribers at once.

Email address The email address consists of two parts, separated by Name _ server name _ The user name is set by the user himself when registering a mailbox. Server name – domain name of the mail server on which the mailbox is registered. Email address of the newspaper "Svetly Put" File archives File archive servers: freeware.ru Access to files on file archive servers is possible both via the HTTP protocol and via a special FTP file transfer protocol. The FTP protocol allows you not only to download files to your computer, but also to transfer files from your computer to the server.

Chatting on the Internet Exchange messages typed on the keyboard. Real-time communication servers (chat). Chat is a virtual room where people gather and chat in real time. Communication using the ICQ system. ICQ is a program that allows you to exchange instant messages Internet - telephony - voice messages via the Internet. Skype is a program that provides voice communication over the Internet.

A presentation on the topic Information and Communication Technologies can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Presentation subject: Computer science. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the contents of the presentation, use the player, or if you want to download the presentation, click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 54 slides.

Presentation slides

Subject teacher -

Teacher-tutor -

uses ICT as an auxiliary tool in his teaching activities, but his competence in the field of ICT does not allow him (yet) to be a mentor (tutor) for other teachers in this field.

owns IR technologies not only to a greater extent than a subject teacher, but also uses them more flexibly and diversified.

ICT literacy – simple acquisition of basic skills in the field of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)

ICT competence - the ability to creatively apply skills in the field of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)

The professional orientation of education and self-education of a subject teacher stimulates the development of his pedagogical competence and allows in practical activities to form a subject-oriented level of ICT competence, which is so necessary in the educational process

Information space of an educational institution, general principles of its construction

The unified information space of an educational institution is a system in which all participants in the educational process are involved and connected at the information level.

Participants in the information space

Administration Teachers Students Parents

SENIOR LEVEL MANAGERS

ADMINISTRATION STUDENTS TEACHERS PARENTS

Scheme of information connections between participants in the educational process

General principles of information space formation

Before attempting to form an information space, it is necessary to solve the following problems: Determine the circle of participants in the information space from among the participants in the educational process, the degree of their interest and forms of interaction inside and outside the information field of the educational institution. Identify the most common flows of basic or basic information, which are the easiest to formalize and, as a result, are already formalized in any (or almost any) educational institution. Clearly describe the structure of the information space and all its information levels and sublevels.

Model of the information space of an educational institution

Teachers Students Educational process

Director of Educational Institution Administration

Accountant, caretaker Administrative and financial support

Public Information

Librarian, psychologist, etc. Ensuring the Educational Process

Head teacher Planning and Organization of the educational process

The means that make up the unified information space of an educational institution: means of organization and management; means of communication; means of education

Main groups of information flows, features of their formation

Analysis of the main directions of work of an educational institution and the tasks it solves allows us to divide the main production processes of the institution into three large groups: Planning, organization and operational management of the educational process, as the basic production process of an educational institution. Administrative management of the functioning of an educational institution and the provision of the educational process in compliance with all necessary external and internal reporting forms. Organization and provision of content of the educational process.

Stages of formation of the OS information space

Formation of basic information of the educational institution Processing and specification of basic information in the system of planning and management of the educational process Transfer of information from the planning system to the system of administration of the educational process and the system for ensuring the content of the educational process. Processing, archiving, storage Transfer and processing of information in additional software modules. Generation of reporting documentation

Internal information space of a school teacher

Organization of the teacher’s information space on an interschool server or personal computer. But in addition to a computer, a subject teacher’s workplace should include a printer and scanner, as well as a multimedia projector.

But a byte is not a large quantity. Therefore, just as we enter kilograms (that is, thousands of grams), we need to enter kilobytes (that is, thousands of bytes). 1 kilobyte = 1024 bytes

Computer devices

System unit

The following are installed in the system unit: a hard drive, which is connected to the motherboard with a special cable; a special power supply to supply electrical energy to all devices of the system unit; devices for working with external media.

On the front panel of the system unit you can see the following buttons: turning on the unit (labeled Power), rebooting the computer (Reset), a hard disk access indicator (with a cylinder), and a power supply indicator.

Monitor

The results of the computer are displayed on the monitor. Externally, the monitor resembles a TV. Monitors differ in many ways, in particular, screen size (like televisions). The most common monitors now have a screen diagonal of 17 inches (approximately 43 cm). In this case, the visible area of the monitor screen is approximately 40 cm. Currently, monitors with liquid crystal screens are becoming increasingly common.

Keyboard

Keyboard is a keyboard control device for a personal computer. Serves to enter alphanumeric (character) data, as well as control commands.

The monitor and keyboard combination provides the simplest user interface. The computer system is controlled using the keyboard, and feedback is received using the monitor. Inside the keyboard housing are key sensors, decoding circuits, and the keyboard microcontroller.

A mouse is a special kind of manipulator that allows you to optimize work with a large category of computer programs. Based on the method of movement, mice are divided into optical-mechanical and optical. Based on the method of transmitting data to the computer, mice are divided into wired and wireless.

CPU

Processor - a device that processes information

Motherboard

We need to somehow place the processor, memory, and buses “in space.” Therefore, a special motherboard is made, which provides places for mounting the processor and memory. At the same time, the board itself is made of PCB, and the buses are metal conductors deposited on this PCB.

Computer memory

But now the problem arises of how to ensure high speed data transfer from memory to the processor and back. The point is that the processor can add and subtract (and multiply and divide) very quickly. I would like to give him information as quickly as he can process it. Consequently, the processes of reading from memory and writing to memory must also proceed very quickly. And here the question arises - how to ensure this technically? The creators of computers decided that the problem should be solved in two stages (in accordance with modern technical capabilities) and divided memory into two complexes - RAM and long-term memory. Let's look at them.

RAM

RAM responds very quickly to all processor demands and supplies it with the requested data for processing. RAM communicates with both the processor and long-term memory.

This memory is made on special chips that can very quickly exchange data with the processor.

Long-term memory. HDD.

Externally, the hard drive is a closed box. It often happens that the hard drive at the bottom is also closed, and you will not see any chips at all. If we remove the bottom cover, we will see that there is actually a disk inside this box. This disk rotates at high speed (7200 rpm). Information is written (read) onto its surface using electromagnetic pulses. This is done by a read-write head mounted on a rod. In general, the device resembles a gramophone record player, which some still remember, but others know only from movies.

Usually, when they talk about long-term memory, they mean the so-called hard drives (they are often called hard drives)

Video card

As a rule, modern video cards intended for games have their own specialized processor, as well as their own RAM. If the computer does not have a video card, then you cannot connect a monitor to it even just physically: the connector for connecting the monitor is located on the video card. Other cards can be installed in the computer, for example, a sound card (for playing sounds, music), a network card (for connecting to a local computer network), and so on. There are special connectors on the motherboard for connecting external devices.

A monitor is used to “communicate” the computer with us. The monitor should also be connected to the motherboard. To interface them with each other, modern computers use a special bus. In addition, an additional device is used that relieves the processor of the need to remember and process information about the brightness and color of points on the monitor. This device is called a video card.

Cooler and other devices

In addition to expansion cards, a computer uses many other devices. For example, a fan for cooling a processor, a cooler.