Suggest possible ones (other than market exchange). What data confirms the deepening social inequality in the world? Suggest possible (other than market exchange) What data confirms the deepening

Representative of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications Dmitry Zakharov explains that the resolution is necessary to fulfill the requirements that appeared after amendments were made to the law “On Communications” in 2016 (introduced by the so-called Yarovaya law. - Vedomosti). They state that the operator must “stop, upon receipt of an appropriate request from the body carrying out operational investigative activities, the provision of communication services in the event of failure to confirm within 15 days that the personal data of actual users corresponds to the information stated in the subscriber agreements.”

It follows from the draft resolution that the operator will be able to identify the subscriber in one of the following ways: by asking him for an original identification document, or by requesting data from him through the subscriber self-service system or through the state Unified Identification and Authentication System.

According to a person close to one of the operators, “most of the subscribers” fall into the risk zone. According to Telecomdaily CEO Denis Kuskov, out of a 270 million subscriber base, this is 12–15% of SIM cards. Among such subscribers are migrants, people who bought a SIM card at the station, and those who buy SIM cards using fake documents, says Kuskov.

Duty without responsibility

By law, operators are already required to identify subscribers, but now they are not responsible for the lack of such identification - the cellular dealer is fully responsible for this by law, Mikhail Bykovsky, deputy director of the department for regulation of radio frequencies and communication networks of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications, previously told Vedomosti.

Representatives of cellular operators do not undertake to predict what part of their subscriber base will be affected. A VimpelCom representative says the company will study the document.

The issue of identifying operator users in connection with terrorist attacks in St. Petersburg was recently addressed by the Federation Council. Its chairman Valentina Matvienko in April announced the need to develop a law to combat the illegal trade of SIM cards. To completely defeat traders who sell SIM cards in markets and in underground passages in violation of the law without requiring passport data from buyers, it is necessary to prohibit cellular operators from transferring SIM cards to intermediaries for sale, she said. We are talking about intermediaries who sell SIM cards without drawing up an agreement and transferring subscriber information to the operator. Matvienko instructed Senator Lyudmila Bokova to submit a corresponding bill to the State Duma, and asked Duma deputies to quickly adopt it. From preliminary discussions of the bill, it followed that operators should begin to provide services only after checking the passport details of subscribers and entering them into the appropriate database.

According to representative Bokova, the bill has already been developed, sent to the State Duma, and preparations are now underway for the first reading. It has been sent for approval to the government and the presidential administration, she clarified.

mechanisms for achieving social harmony between participants in socio-economic relations.

Please write in detail

There are a lot of different data, indicators and ratios confirming social inequality. And, for the most part, they are quite subjective. I mean analytical reports of various rating agencies, some indices, figures provided to us by “independent experts”. If necessary, you can select a number of such indicators and explain their bias.

Let's return to objective data.

First and foremost: the ratio of income and personal assets of an equal number of the richest and poorest people - both across countries and throughout the world.

The richest 5% of people in the world account for a third of all global income

In Russia:

10% of Russians share a third of their income. And 10% of the poor receive only 2% of all money.

The second factor is the strict and very narrow specialization of the employee. The modern volume of information is too large for one person to comprehend. And therefore there is a tendency in the world towards narrow specialization. A specialist in any field, as a rule, will no longer be able to retrain and be competitive in another. this creates almost insurmountable walls between professions. Narrow specialization leads to fierce competition and the risk of discrimination against an individual when the demand for his skills, abilities and knowledge falls. For example, a person is a specialist of the highest category in magnetic storage media... But they disappeared as a class, replaced by flash memory, CD, DVD... And that's it. man is not needed. He is one of the high-class homeless people... (of course, this is hyperbole, but the trend, although softer in real life, has the same direction).

As for possible (other than the market) mechanisms for achieving social harmony... I will name one. Basic. This is when there are two (three, more...) sides. And they need to make a common decision. As a rule, this decision, taken by the parties as a compromise, is not such. This decision is the result of “brainwashing”, the result of introducing the necessary (not to the parties, no! - to those who are implementing) impulse and decision into the heads using the NLP method, hidden manipulations through ... the media. Through speakers and the introduction of the need for consumption and stereotypical thinking...

(sorry, it’s a little complicated, probably a little off topic, but a serious problem)

And the general mechanisms... Let's figure it out then

1) referendum (there is also voting, voting and other “suvania” of something unknown, which everyone considers a “deep personal decision”, it is not clear where - all that is known is that it is “it is not clear where - terribly secret and mega honest! Honestly - that’s exactly what it’s considered!)

2) the “brute force” method - whoever is stronger takes it. Anyone can challenge this right. A very common option, by the way, even in modern history. The same Muammarchik Gaddafi - who didn’t please? It is unknown... But it is known that SSH#sensored#... we need a lot of cheap oil and we don’t need intractable guys in power in all sorts of Africa...

3) Method of contractual relations. It is considered mega-humane (there are so many Conventions on it, each country has riveted on the Civil Code - in general - it’s a good idea, not a method. One problem is that it almost always boils down to or stems from the methods written above)

Well, that's enough, I guess... Sorry for the offtopic...

When the first payment cards appeared in our country, they were a “trick” of the elite. It was impossible to pay with them almost anywhere, and there weren’t very many ATMs for withdrawing cash. Then the card was more of an element of prestige, an indicator of status. But time passed and the cards became widespread, especially when organizations began to transfer salaries to them. The amount of plastic has increased many times over, and now it is more difficult to find a store that does not accept it for payment than a store that does.

Against the backdrop of such a rapid growth in the popularity of this means of payment, various card fraud schemes began to appear like mushrooms after rain. Indeed, today it is not difficult to pay for anything using card details; it is enough to know them. And here bank employees dealing with cards are very often faced with irresponsibility, carelessness and a complete lack of understanding by holders of the fact that telling anyone all the details of their card is not the smartest idea.

Which card details can be shared with others and which cannot? What are the consequences of a careless attitude towards a small piece of plastic with a chip and a magnetic stripe?

In this article, we will call the card details the following information:

• card number;
• current (card) account number;
• Card PIN;
• CVC code;
• Full name of the holder.

Of course, calling all this details is not entirely correct, but within the framework of the article this term is quite suitable.

Is it possible to transfer the card number

The card number is the 16 digits (or 18 if you have a Cirrus Maestro card) printed on the front of the card. The following information is encrypted inside this 16-digit number: the name of the payment system, who the issuing bank is and the type of card.

What can you do with only these props? Overall, nothing bad. Knowing the card number does not allow you to make a payment or steal your money in any other way.

Bottom line: transferring only the card number is a safe procedure and does not threaten any trouble.

Current (card) account number.

The account number is a 20-digit number, usually starting with the numbers 40817. Only its owner (or the person for whom a notarized power of attorney is issued) is allowed to carry out transactions directly with the card account and not in all banks. All that someone who only has this information can do is put money into your account. And only if the account is in rubles.

The result: the account number does not provide any useful information to the attacker. Even complete with card number.

Card PIN code.

The card's PIN code is a four-digit number issued when receiving plastic in a sealed envelope. However, Lately, more and more banks have been inviting the holder to independently come up with a combination of numbers to access the account. Yes, these are the numbers that provide (if you have a card) the opportunity to withdraw cash or pay for goods. It’s not for nothing that every bank, when receiving plastic, pays attention to the fact that sharing your PIN code with third parties is STRICTLY PROHIBITED. Even if this third party is a close relative. Of course, the PIN itself is useless without the physical presence of the card. But who can guarantee that you won’t lose it? In my practice, there have been cases when money was withdrawn by the holder’s best friends, colleagues, and classmates. Once there was a case when this was done by the only daughter of the holder, who was never denied anything. When the man watched the video in which a dispassionate video camera recorded this fact, he immediately aged ten years. It was scary. What the person experienced at the same time, I’m even afraid to think.

Bottom line: The PIN is the key to the safe that contains your money. When communicating it to someone else, you need to be prepared to give everything you have to that person. At the same time, challenging an operation confirmed by a PIN code is extremely difficult, almost impossible.

CVC code.

If you turn the card over and look at the signature strip, you will notice a three-digit number. This is your CVC code plastic. It is used to confirm that your card is with you when you pay for goods or services on the Internet. That is, carry out so-called Card Not Present (CNP) operations. Previously, only this three-digit number was needed to carry out such operations. Now, with the introduction of 3D Secure technology, the procedure has become more complicated, but nevertheless, on some sites this data is still enough to pay. It is clear that it is extremely undesirable to share this code with anyone unless you want to one day be surprised to find out that you have made a huge number of purchases on the Internet without knowing it yourself.

Full name of the holder

The holder's full name alone will prevent anyone from using your money. The situation is more complicated if the card number is also attached to it. Finding the name stamped on your card, knowing the holder’s full name and the simplest transliteration rules, will not be difficult. The validity period of the card can also be selected. Knowing these parts of the details, it is quite possible to register your card in the accounts of some online stores. And in the future, carry out transactions allegedly on your own behalf. However, now a 3D Secure system has appeared to guard your money. It makes life much more difficult for attackers. The main thing is that it is connected to your card.

Bottom line: in general, nothing fatal will most likely happen when the full name and number of the cardholder are revealed. However, it is still not worth sharing this data with complete strangers.

Last 4 digits of the card number.

The last 4 digits of the card number are... just four digits. They do not carry any useful information, and, having acquired only this “secret” information, no one will be able to use your money.

Bottom line: having only this information, it is impossible to use the money.

To summarize:
Under no circumstances should you tell anyone (including bank employees) the PIN code from your card, CVC code, or security codes sent to your phone. And under no circumstances post a photo of your card on the Internet.;

It is highly undesirable to provide the card number complete with the holder’s full name and expiration date;

Explanations are presented in any form, handwritten, dated and signed.

Confirmation of the accuracy of the specified information

I hereby assure and warrant that the information provided to PJSC Khanty-Mansiysk Bank Otkritie (Bank) is current and reliable. If the information provided changes, I undertake to notify the Bank and submit supporting documents immediately, no later than the deadline established by the agreement with the Bank.

11. I hereby provide to PJSC Khanty-Mansiysk Bank Otkritie (Bank), located at: 119021, Moscow, st. Timur Frunze, 11, p. 13 in order to comply with FATCA requirements, your consent to the processing of personal data, including information and information about last name, first name, patronymic, date and place of birth, citizenship, identity document, taxpayer identification number , address of residence (registration, stay), telephone number, as well as other information specified in this questionnaire, including collection, recording, systematization, accumulation, storage, clarification (updating, changing), extraction, use, depersonalization, blocking, deletion , destruction of personal data using automation tools or without the use of such means and transfer (distribution, provision, access) of this information to a foreign tax authority, including the IRS (US Tax Service) and or foreign tax agents, as well as your consent to transfer information to specified persons about operations, transactions, accounts, deposits.

12. I hereby confirm that I am familiar with the concept of “US Taxpayer 9”.

All fields are required. 2. If a third party (including the legal representative of a potential client) contacted the Bank, then this Questionnaire must be filled out for both the potential client and the person who applied. 3. FATCA(Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act) – US Law “On the Taxation of Foreign Accounts”. 4 . Form W-9- An IRS form that is used to identify the status of the payee. Form W-9 is used to disclose a U.S. tax resident's Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) (available at http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/fw9.pdf). 5. The US Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) is divided into the following types of identification numbers: Social Security Number (SSN); individual taxpayer identification number (ITIN); Taxpayer identification number for children being adopted in the United States (ATIN); 6. It is required to mark this field. 7. If there is a power of attorney(s) to manage an account opened with the Bank, each authorized representative must fill out this Questionnaire. 8. Certification of Loss of Citizenship (CLN) - a U.S. Department of State Bureau of Consular Affairs form issued by a United States consular officer certifying the renunciation of U.S. citizenship. This form is approved by the US Secretary of State under the US Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/81609.pdf. 9. Under the concept “ US Taxpayer" refers to an individual/individual who is a US citizen or US tax resident. If your US tax residency status is in doubt, we recommend consulting with a professional tax advisor. As a general rule, you can be considered a US tax resident if: - You were born in the US; OR - you are a US citizen or have a US Green Card; OR - You meet the substantial presence test. To meet this criterion, you must be physically present in the United States for at least: 31 days during the current year, or 183 days during a three-year period that includes the current year and the two immediately preceding years, including in the calculation that: All days in during which time you were in the United States during the current year; And 1/3 of the days you were in the US during the first year preceding the current year; And 1/6 of the days you were in the US during the second year before the current year.

1. Follow the main trends in the country's economic development, current problems of modern economic and social policy of the Russian government. This will help you competently defend your economic and social rights and interests.
2. Use knowledge of the interests, needs of various social and professional groups and the possibilities for their implementation in modern economic conditions. This will give you the opportunity for informed professional self-determination.

1. Determine your position in relation to the economic policy of the state in order to choose the form of influence on this policy (participation in elections, in the work of parties or associations).
2. Try not just to analyze the positive or negative consequences of economic transformations in the country, but to look for ways of civilized forms of your participation in economic life.

Document

From the work of modern Russian economists “Market and social harmony.”

By universal human historical standards, the market mechanism cannot be considered as a completely ideal form. Increasingly, researchers note in this context the so-called “market imperfection”, associated with the very problematic capabilities of the market in achieving equitable distribution and use of resources on Earth, ensuring environmental sustainability, and eliminating unjustified social inequality. According to the UN, the absolute size of poverty in the world is increasing: It is estimated that the poorest 20% of the world's population accounted for only 4% of the world's wealth in the mid-1980s, while the richest 20% accounted for 50% of the world's wealth. Apparently, the future of the world economy must be associated with a more complex economic (socio-economic) mechanism than the market mechanism itself. In this mechanism, an increasing role will belong, along with market exchange relations, to various more subtle mechanisms that involve the achievement of social agreement between sets of subjects of socio-economic relations.

Questions and tasks for the document

1. Why do the authors of the document characterize the market mechanism for regulating the economy as imperfect?
2. What data confirms the deepening social inequality in the world?
3. Using the content of the paragraph, suggest possible (except for market exchange) mechanisms for achieving social agreement between participants in socio-economic relations.

Self-test questions

1. What is the place and role of economics in the life of society?
2. What determines the wealth and prosperity of a country?
3. What economic mechanisms contribute to the movement of society towards a higher level of well-being?
4. How to ensure social peace in the context of increasing social differentiation of society?
5. Does a market economy need democracy?
6. Does government policy influence the operating conditions of a market economy?
7. What are the policy priorities of the Russian state in the economy?

Tasks

1. Aristotle, discussing the role of the state in economic affairs, noted that “the purpose of the state is the joint promotion of a high quality of life.” Do you share this point of view? Justify your answer.
2. According to data for 1995, about 5.7 billion people lived on the globe, which was almost twice as many as in 1970. According to scientists, over the next 35 years the world population will grow by another 2.5 billion people ., and 90% of them will be born in developing countries. The share of the population of developed countries in the total population of the planet will decrease over this period from 16 to 12%.

   Explain the connection between the demographic situation in the world and the economic life of society. How will rapid population growth in poor countries and population decline in developed countries affect their economic development as a whole, the state of such indicators as living standards, incomes, labor productivity, etc.?

3. There are about 350 thousand public associations in Russia. Based on media materials, select examples of their participation in solving certain economic problems of society.
4. The growth of income differentiation is inevitable under the conditions of economic reform, one of the tasks of which is to establish a stricter interdependence between labor productivity and income, according to the ideologists of Russian economic reforms. Is it possible to agree with them? How does the process of differentiation of population incomes in market conditions affect the attitude of workers to work? Name the positive and negative results of socio-economic differentiation during the reforms in Russia.

Thoughts of the wise

“Economics is the art of satisfying unlimited needs with limited resources.”

L. Peter (1926-1989), American writer