The first color TV. What was the name of the first Soviet color TV? The first color TV in the USSR: how it happened

On Thursday, February 14, 2019, Russia celebrates a wonderful holiday - Valentine's Day. State lotteries cannot stay away from such a bright event, and are holding a special event dedicated to Valentine's Day. holiday drawing number 1271.

In this regard, I would like to wish: lovers - love, lovers - keep them, those who bought a Russian Lotto ticket - win!

The day the program goes on air on the NTV channel is traditionally Sunday. Starting from October 17, the broadcast begins at 14:00 Moscow time.

The broadcast of the 1271st draw of the Russian Lotto on TV, dedicated to Valentine's Day, will also take place on Sunday February 17, 2019, starting at 14:00 Moscow time on the NTV channel .

What will be played on February 17, 2019:

In 1271 editions of the All-Russian State. lottery will draw many clothing and cash prizes, 100 romantic trips and a Jackpot of 500 million rubles.

What a ticket looks like:

Ticket edition 1271 has a pink border. A heart-shaped balloon flies against the background of a blue sky, to the left of it is the inscription “Happy Valentine’s Day!”, and below it is “Jackpot 500,000,000 rubles.” On the bottom left it says "1271 edition". At the bottom, on a white background, there is the inscription “100 Romantic Journeys.”

Let us remind you that the short day on Friday 02/22/2019 will be the only “gift” to the Russian defenders in terms of rest, because The day off from Saturday is moved not to the next Monday, but to Friday, May 10, 2019.

Growing good tomato seedlings in 2019 on a windowsill in an apartment is an art. Knowing the timing of timely planting of seeds, picking seedlings and following the rules of caring for them results in strong and healthy plants. Experienced gardeners also advise not to neglect the calendar of lunar phases, which, in their opinion, have a huge impact on the development of tomatoes. Below we talk about when to plant tomatoes in seedlings and in the ground in 2019, taking into account the lunar calendar.

Dates for sowing tomato seeds for seedlings in 2019:

In 2019, the best time for planting seeds for seedlings at home for central Russia is coming one day after the new moon on March 6, 2019. However, the most favorable days are from March 10 to 12, 2019, as well as March 15 and 16, 2019. Late dates for sowing tomato seedlings 2019 are approaching after the full moon March 21, 2019. On the waning moon, the optimal days will be March 23 and 24, 2019.

Let us remind you that before planting, seeds should be disinfected (for example, in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate) and then rinsed well. To increase the future yield, we recommend soaking the seeds for a day in a weak solution of boric acid (0.1 g per 0.5 l of water). Sow the dried seeds in small (7-8 cm) trays with soil to a depth of no more than 1-1.5 cm, water and cover with film. The seed germination temperature is +22-25 degrees, so they are kept away from the cold windowsill. As soon as the first shoots appear, the film is removed and the trays are placed on the windowsill. Water the seedlings only with warm (+20+-22 degrees) water.

Dates for picking tomato seedlings in 2019:

When the first true carved leaf appears between the cotyledon leaves, the seedlings can be planted in separate pots or boxes with soil 12-15 cm high. In any case, the distance between neighboring plants should be 10-12 cm. In this case, the sprouts are buried in the ground to the very top. cotyledons.

In March 2019 - from March 23 to 27; in April 2019 - April 2, 3, 7, 8, 11, 12, 16, 17. April 5, 2019 is a new moon, so a pick on the waxing moon from April 7 to April 17, 2019 most preferred.

Time frame for caring for tomato seedlings in 2019 (watering, fertilizing, hardening):

To prevent tomato seedlings from stretching, you need provide her with enough light and reduce the air temperature during the day from +18 to 24 degrees, and at night from +12 to 16 degrees.

It is also necessary fertilize. The first feeding is given 7-10 days after picking, when the plant forms new roots, and then every 8-12 days. To fertilize, mineral fertilizers or wood ash are dissolved in water for irrigation.

In April 2019, any days will be the best for feeding from 7 to 18, from 20 to 26, 29 and 30 April. In May 2019 you can feed from 1 to 4, from 7 to 18, 21-23, 26-31 May.

15-20 days before planting in the ground seedlings need to be hardened off. It is best to take it out onto the loggia or balcony and open the window.

During the last ten days before planting, tomato seedlings become very elongated, especially if the weather is warm. Stunt growth You can stop watering, and water only when the leaves wilt in the middle of the day.

Dates for planting tomato seedlings 2019 in the ground:

Tomato seedlings are planted in the ground at the age of 60-70 days from germination when the air temperature at night exceeds +12 degrees. One or two days before planting, the plants need to be well watered with water and fertilizer to ensure the preservation of the roots and nutrition of the plants after planting in the ground.

In May 2019 seedlings can be planted under arches with covering material as early as May 17-18 on the waxing moon. Let us remind you that May 19, 2019 is a full moon, and it is better to interrupt the work. The best days in May 2019 on the waning moon will be May 26-28 and 31. In June 2019 it is already possible to plant in open ground June 1st and 2nd, 5th and 6th. June 3, 2019 is a new moon and activity in the garden is undesirable.

Let us recall the optimal timing for planting and caring for tomato seedlings in 2019:
* sowing seeds - from 10 to 12, 15 and 16, 23 and 24 March 2019;
* picking seedlings - from March 23 to March 27; April 2, 3, 7, 8, 11, 12, 16, 17, 2019;
* feeding seedlings every 8-12 days - from 7 to 18, from 20 to 26, 29 and 30 April, from 1 to 4, from 7 to 18, 21-23, 26-31 May 2019;
* planting seedlings in the ground - May 17, 18, 26-28, 31, June 1, 2, 5, 6, 2019

We also read:
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The date of Passover is tied to the lunisolar Jewish calendar, and therefore, according to the Gregorian calendar, the date of the celebration changes annually. The Jewish Passover 2019 begins with the onset of twilight on the 14th day of the spring month of Nisan ( from the evening of April 19, 2019), and lasts 7 days in Israel - from 15 to 21 Nisan (from April 20, 2019 to April 26, 2019), and 8 days outside of it, including in Russia - 22 Nisan each (until April 27, 2019).

According to ancient tradition, every Jewish holiday begins the evening before, after sunset. Therefore, the celebration of Passover 2019 also begins on the evening of April 19, 2019 with the festive Sedar (night Passover meal). And the day of Nisan 14 is also called the Day of Preparation for the Holiday.

Thus, the date of Passover in 2019 will be as follows:
* Beginning - April 19, 2019 (in the evening, at dusk).
*First day - April 20, 2019
* Last day is April 26, 2019 in Israel (April 27, 2019 outside Israel).

We also read:

It is prohibited to work on the first and last day of Passover 2019, so Nisan 15 (April 20, 2019) and Nisan 21 (April 26, 2019) are declared non-working days in Israel. In addition, April 20 in 2019 falls on a Saturday - a non-working day with a five-day working week in a number of countries, including Russia.

One of the traditions of the Passover holiday is eating “flat unleavened bread” - matzo. This tradition is explained by the fact that when Pharaoh freed the Israelites from slavery, they left Egypt in a hurry, in which they could not wait for the bread dough to rise with yeast. Therefore, during the Jewish Passover they do not eat leavened bread.

You will be surprised, but the history of plasma TVs begins exactly half a century ago. The invention of a new television can be considered the merit of professors at the American University of Illinois, Donald Bitzer and Gene Slottow, who created the first prototype of a plasma television. This happened in July 1964. Later, Robert Wilson, a graduate student at the same university, joined the work of the two inventors. But plasma TVs did not begin to develop successfully immediately, but only after digital technologies had already appeared in the world.

Research on plasma properties is what the inventors of the new TV were working on at that time. An alternative replacement for cathode-ray television, the construction principle of which was based on a ray tube, was plasma television. The constantly flickering image conveyed video frames well, but much worse conveyed computer graphics.

It was Donald Bitzer who became the founder of the new project, and Robert Wilson and Gene Slottow helped him. As a result of their work, they managed to create the first ever model of a plasma TV with a single cell. Analogues of this invention in our time have millions of such cells. Television companies after 1964 decided to use plasma televisions as a possible replacement for cathode ray tube televisions.

The invention of 1999 is a plasma TV, which had a 60-inch diagonal screen. Designed for Panasonic and Matsushita. It combined the resolution and size required for HDTV, making TVs thinner. “Plasma” did not gain its popularity immediately; quite a lot of time was spent on their implementation. Today, plasma TVs account for no more than 7% of the market. The advent of liquid crystal monitors gave a new direction for the creation of televisions, which for “plasma” excluded any subsequent commercial development.

Televisions seem to have been around forever. When the first color TV devices appeared, advanced signal transmission standards and color broadcasting - you will learn about everything from our article.

Long way: how old is color TV?

The history of the development of television began in the 19th century and it is too early to put an end to it.

IN 1884 Paul Nipkow patented the “Electric Telescope”, one of the first in the world. Color film has been known since 1896 of the year.

IN 1938 Werner Flechsig patented the principle of operation of the color picture tube, and the method of transmitting a color image was developed by Guillermo Gonzalez Camarena in 1940 year.

In European cinemas, color films appeared in 1941 , the first of which were “Women Are Still the Best Diplomats” and Hans Albert’s film “Munchausen”.

IN 1953 In 2009, the NTSC standard for black-and-white television broadcasting was expanded in the USA - it gained the ability to transmit color, namely, “color” was added to “brightness”.

August 30 1953 In 2008, NBC tested the color program “Kukla, Fran and Ollie” via NTSC standard for the first time in its history. The first full-fledged color broadcast was the opera Carmen, shown on October 31 1953 of the year.

Only in 1962 year, the European PAL standard was patented, which began to be used with 1967 of the year. It uses the YUV color transmission model, where Y is brightness, which can also be reproduced by black and white, and UV is color signals.

IN 1956 year, the development of the French SECAM standard began, which debuted at the beginning 1960 -s.

The development of many standards was not the result of a lack of scientific ties between states, but became part of politics: France wanted to protect itself from imports in all areas and develop its own cultural landscape. And in the Soviet Union, an alternative SECAM system was introduced, only conditionally compatible with the French one, in order to minimize political and technical influence from the West.

When did color TVs appear in our homes?

Model "Rubin-401"

In the USSR, color televisions went into mass production in 1967 year – these were the legendary “Rubin-401” and “Rubin-714”. November 7 1967 years, the first color program was shown on Soviet television - p Arad on Red Square in Moscow. Color models became widespread only towards the end of the 1990s.

Color TV sales in Europe peaked during the Olympic Games 1972 year and the World Cup 1974 of the year. By this time, about 90% of all television broadcasts were in color, and approximately fifty percent of European households had a color television in their home.

The introduction of color television was subsidized by the GEZ (Central Service for the Collection of Fees for the Use of Television and Radio Channels).

The history of the development of color television is not over at all, because there are more colors in nature than a modern TV can show. Some devices and formats expand what is displayed. The most current development trends in the television equipment market: transmission of images with higher resolution (4K and 8K) and sound with the effect of full presence (Auro-3D, Dolby Atmos, Higher-Order Ambisonics, or NHK 22.2).

Other areas of development: “smart” television with applications Smart TV, IPTV, interactive television (iTV), Pay-per-View (Pay TV broadcast system) and Video on Demand (Video on demand). However, TV device manufacturers are not going to stop, and that's great.

At the end of the last century, the UN finally proclaimed World Television Day. Now every year on November 21, media workers, journalists and everyone who has anything to do with this field of activity celebrate their professional holiday. Television Day is a holiday not only for journalists, but also for ordinary television viewers.

2016 was the twentieth Television Day. It was widely celebrated all over the world, because today it is almost impossible to find any state that does not have television broadcasting on its territory. It has already become one of the most effective means of influencing a person in modern society. Today there are more than one generation of people living in the world who simply cannot imagine their life without TV.

Who invented television

More and more often, TV viewers are wondering who and when invented the first television. The question of what year this happened is also of interest, because the invention of the television completely changed the habitual way of life of millions of people around the world.

It is definitely not so easy to answer this question, because many people made invaluable contributions to the invention of TV. Without their achievements, other scientists would not have been able to obtain patents for their inventions.

History of the invention of television

Previously, one could only dream of transmitting images over long distances. There have been many attempts to create something similar to TV in the past, but only the German physicist Heinrich Hertz managed to make a truly valuable contribution to the creation of television. Then the Russian scientist Stoletov substantiated the possibility of obtaining an image through a cathode ray tube. This tube, in turn, was developed by another scientist. We are talking about the physicist from Germany K. Braun.

So who invented television? The very first television system was the invention of Paul Nipkow. This German engineer managed to develop such an unusual device back in 1884. It was his invention that laid the foundation for the creation of the device that today is called a television. Nipkov managed to create a disk that made it possible to convert images into electrical impulses. Disputes about who invented television and when are related to the complex technical design of televisions. In addition, many elements of modern television were invented by different people.

Chronology of events

Already in 1895, Nipkow’s compatriot named Karl Brown invented the very first kinescope. Then Brown's student managed to obtain a patent for a special tube, after which he used his mentor's invention to transmit images. Brown's student's name was Max Dickman. It was he who first introduced a television receiver with a small screen to the general public. Then British scientist John Brad managed to invent a television receiver that operated without sound. This was enough to declare the beginning of a new scientific and technological revolution.

Somewhat later, Russian engineer Vladimir Zvorykin, who emigrated to the United States after the October Revolution, patented his unique invention, which was called television. Zvorykin’s development was based on the work of many other scientists, physicists and engineers, but it was he who managed to connect all the inventions together.

The first TV models were specific and had a lot of shortcomings, but over time, scientists and engineers managed to solve a lot of problems and make these devices more advanced.

Principles of television operation in the 20th century

In the Soviet Union, full-fledged TV appeared already in 1939. The very first television receiver in the USSR worked on a Nipkov disk. It boasted a screen with a diagonal of 3 by 4 cm. The television receiver was produced in Leningrad and looked like an ordinary set-top box. In order to use the device, it was necessary to connect this set-top box to a radio channel.

Moreover, the then famous Soviet magazine about technology and science “Radifront” published a unique instruction that allowed anyone to make a TV on their own. Getting components for a new TV was not so easy, but many were ready to do anything to become the proud owner of a TV.

Who invented color television

There were many attempts to convey a color image, but only Hovhannes Adamyan achieved success. Several decades of persistent research were not in vain. In 1908, he managed to obtain a patent for his invention.

Despite this, John Brad became the recognized creator of color television. He was also the inventor of the mechanical receiver. In 1928, he managed to assemble a device that could transmit images in red, blue and green.

The biggest breakthrough in the development of TV occurred after the end of World War II in the United States. It was during these years that television production appeared throughout the country. After American industry switched from civilian to military production, it made invaluable contributions to the development of the television industry. Already in 1940, a system called Triniscope was introduced.

History of television in Russia

In the Soviet Union, a lot of time and attention was devoted to the development of television, because TV was one of the key mouthpieces of propaganda for the Communist Party. Color television appeared in the USSR somewhat later than in the USA. In the USSR, a similar device was created only in 1951, so it was only in 1952 that Soviet viewers saw the very first test color television broadcast.

The history of domestic TV goes back many decades. From the very beginning of its appearance, it gained truly popular popularity. Whole families gathered behind the screen of the miracle device.

In 1951, the Central Television Studio was organized. After this, the first thematic programs began to appear:

• Musical.
• Children's.
• Literary and dramatic.

During these years, the programs were broadcast only live. Then a new broadcast format appeared. Films, socio-political programs, reports, and concerts began to appear on television more and more often. Then young and talented journalists and announcers came to the Central Studio, whose names are inscribed in the history of national television in golden letters: Nina Kondratova, Igor Kirillov, Nonna Bodrova, Yuri Fokin, Damir Belov.

Announcers have made television a full-fledged means of communication. Many viewers even responded to their greetings before the news broadcast. In 1968, the “Time” program appeared, which is still the main information program of the country. Soon television became color.

New technologies of Soviet television

Television continued its rapid development and already in 1959 satellite television appeared in the country. The picture quality has constantly improved. In recent years, many countries have switched to digital broadcasting. It allows you to watch TV shows in the highest quality possible.

How old is television?

So how old is television? To answer the question of how old television is, you need to study history. The first transmission of a moving image was made in 1923. This was done in the USA. It is from this time that the history of television can be counted. It turns out that today television is already 95 years old.

Television Workers Day is celebrated on November 21st both in Russia and in other countries of the world. November 21st is considered International Television Day.

Interesting Facts

The creation of television was accompanied by a lot of interesting events. This applies not only to the history of world television, but also to domestic television. For example, the project for the famous Ostankino TV tower was invented just overnight.

• The very first 24-hour broadcast channel is the American CNN. The company broadcasts not only in English, but also in other languages ​​(German, Spanish and Turkish).
• The tallest television tower is located in Japan. Its height is 634 meters.
• Today, television advertising has become commonplace, but in the past it was something completely unique. Paid advertising appeared back in 1941. In those years, a ten-second video cost the customer $9. It was an advertisement for a watch manufacturing company.
• The most famous TV commercial is about the Macintosh computer. The author of the video is famous Hollywood director Ridley Scott. The customer for the video was Apple. This video cost $900,000, which was a record at the time.
• When television was black and white, presenters wore green lipstick. The fact is that it stood out more during the transition of the image through various camera filters. The red lipstick looked too faded on TV viewers' screens.

First public displays

On May 9, 1907, the first television broadcast was shown. At the St. Petersburg Technological Institute, one of the scientists (Boris Rozgin) managed to display an image of four lines on a black screen white.

Already in the 30s, television became electronic. In 1938, the very first television center appeared in the country. Then there was a break in the history of domestic TV. The Great Patriotic War is to blame. The first television program was released only on the eve of Germany's surrender. This significant event took place on May 7, 1945. Already on December 15th, the television center began regular broadcasting. This was a great achievement for post-war Europe. The USSR was even ahead of France and Great Britain.

Modern models have become an excellent addition to the interior; they embody the most advanced technical ideas - only by the method of obtaining an image are several types of TVs distinguished: CRT (with a cathode ray tube), liquid crystal display (LCD), plasma and projection. The transition to high definition television is just around the corner. We are moving further and further away from the “pre-television” era. When did the era of television begin, and what were the first televisions like? In order to answer these questions, we will need to go back a whole century.

On May 22, 1911, professor of the St. Petersburg Technological University Boris Lvovich Rosing in his laboratory received an image of a geometric figure on the screen of a picture tube he designed. This was the world's first television transmission, although a new "method of electrical transmission of images" was patented by Rosenberg back in 1907. By 1911, Russian scientists received patents for television devices in England, Germany and the USA. But it took years for television to leave the walls of laboratories. Only on July 3, 1928, the world's first mechanically scanned television was sold in the United States, invented by B. L. Rosing's student Vladimir Kuzmich Zvorykin, who left Russia for the United States. The quality of the picture left much to be desired - only silhouettes and the play of shadows, but, nevertheless, it was possible to discern what exactly was being shown.

At the end of 1936, the first electronic television was demonstrated in the United States. And only in 1937 (26 years after Rosing’s experiment!) in the UK (in the USA - in 1939), the production of televisions with a cathode ray tube - kinescope - finally began.

In the USSR, the first experimental television broadcast was held on April 29, 1931, and on November 15, 1934, the first television broadcast with sound took place. The industrial production of television receivers began in 1932 at the Leningrad Komintern plant. A “TV for an individual user”, developed by Leningrad engineer A. Ya. Breitbart, was put into production. It was not even a TV, but a small-sized TV set-top box for a radio. In 1933-1936, more than 3 thousand optical-mechanical TVs of the B-2 brand with a screen size of 3x4 cm were produced. In the 30s, several more TV models were produced in small batches, but they did not find widespread use.

Many Soviet radio amateurs themselves assembled mechanical models of televisions. Finally, in 1938, the production of electronic televisions “ATP-1” began at the Aleksandrovsky Radio Plant (the name stood for “subscriber television receiver No. 1”). It used only 9 lamps, but the image quality was superior to imported analogues! Already in 1940, mass production of ATP-2 television receivers was planned, but the war began, and