Description of washing modes in an automatic washing machine. Washing machine functions and programs
Dimensions and loading type
The first thing you need to think about when choosing a washing machine is where you will place it. Depending on your spatial capabilities, choose: a standard, narrow or compact washing machine. It is also important to decide on the type of washing machine: front-loading or horizontal-loading.
On the Russian market, front-loading washing machines with a width and depth of 60 centimeters are considered traditional. But not every apartment will fit a machine with such dimensions, so now many washing machines are produced with a standard width and reduced depth. A number of manufacturers produce compact front-loading washing machines, such machines have reduced dimensions on all fronts and perfectly solve the problem of lack of space. Functionally, they may differ from their full-size “brothers” only in the smaller load of laundry.
Many people choose front-loading washing machines because they can visually monitor the progress of the wash. Machines of this type are convenient because their surface can be used as an additional shelf, for example, you can put laundry detergents on them. In the kitchen, a front-loading washing machine fits easily into the kitchen furniture. When choosing a place for the washing machine, pay attention to whether it will be convenient for you to load laundry and whether there is enough space to open the hatch door. It is worth paying attention to the diameter of the hatch; the larger it is, the easier it is to load laundry into the drum and remove it after washing.
If none of the front-loading options suits you, take a look at top-loading machines, which have a width of 40 (45) centimeters and a depth of 60. Laundry is loaded from the top, so there is no need to provide additional space to approach them. Most often, top-loading machines are placed in the bathroom, sometimes in the kitchen. The advantage of a top-loading machine is that you can put and remove laundry from it without bending over.
Load volume
Before purchasing, you also need to decide on the loading capacity of the washing machine. If for one person or a young couple a volume of 3-4 kg is enough, then for a family with a child or two children you already need a machine with a loading volume of 4.5 - 5 kg, but if a family of more than five people, then you need a machine with a capacity 6-8 kg.
How to determine how much laundry will weigh, for example, 5 kg? You can use the fact that 5 kg of cotton is approximately 3-4 sets of one-and-a-half-length bed linen. Choose the optimal drum loading volume, because if the volume is less than your washing needs, you will have to run the washing machine more often, wasting electricity and water. However, buying a machine with a larger load capacity than you need is also not worth it. You will have to collect clothes of the same color for a very long time in order to wash them. Machines with an increased load capacity are needed by those who often do a lot of laundry, including bulky items: pillows, bedspreads, blankets. They simply won’t fit in a washing machine with a 5 kg load.
Spin speed
If previously a washing machine was chosen based on the number of revolutions during the spin cycle (accordingly, the more, the better), but now this indicator has ceased to be decisive. In modern washing machines, it varies from 800 to 1200 rpm, which is enough to spin most things.
Spin RPM tells you how wet your laundry will be after you take it out of the washing machine. The residual moisture indicator is directly related to this indicator; the lower it is, the drier the laundry will be. Most often it is approximately 60% at a spin speed of 1000 rpm. Today there is a minimum residual moisture content (43%) and the highest spin speed (2000 rpm). It’s good if the washing machine is equipped with a function for smoothly adjusting the number of revolutions during the spin cycle, with its help you can reduce the number of revolutions, for example, if you are worried that the laundry will wrinkle too much. The spin switch function is also very useful.
Washing, spinning and energy consumption classes
The classification introduced by the European Union has been in operation for a long time, which, using special tests, evaluates the operating efficiency of washing machines. Devices are evaluated according to three parameters: energy consumption, washing quality, spin quality. For each of these parameters, washing machines are assigned a class: from A to G, class A corresponds to the highest quality indicators. For the energy consumption class, the highest class was introduced in 2002 - A+.
This classification was introduced in 1995 and applies to washing machines that are manufactured for sale in the European Union. The classes are awarded based on rigorous testing and can be trusted when choosing a device. But in stores you may also find washing machines that are not rated according to this classification. The absence of a sticker indicating the classes in no way indicates the low quality of these devices; most likely, they are simply not intended for sale in the EU.
The best energy consumption indicators in modern washing machines are achieved mainly by optimizing washing programs. For example, to wash heavily soiled laundry at a temperature of 90 degrees, a class C machine will need approximately 135-140 minutes, and a class A machine will take 20 minutes less. At the same time, you save not only time, but also energy.
Programs and features
There are four types of washing programs that are found in almost all washing machines. This includes washing cotton and linen items, washing synthetic items, washing items made from delicate fabrics and washing wool. Based on them, additional programs are created for optimal washing of any items. Each manufacturer has its own set of such programs - choose depending on your preferences. Some people need a program for washing children's underwear, while others need the “Jeans” or “Washing Sneakers” program. Or maybe you are not looking for a compromise and you need a machine with the maximum possible set of programs?
Hand wash programs for delicate fabrics
One of the most useful programs that washing machines are equipped with is the “hand” wash program, which allows you to wash items marked “hand wash only” in the machine. Some manufacturers have separate hand wash programs for wool and silk. When washing by hand, the washing machine provides a special drum movement rhythm and an optimal water heating temperature (maximum 40 degrees, average 30 degrees).
Short wash cycle
A short wash cycle (about 30 minutes) is one of the most popular programs and even the simplest models are equipped with it. The program can be called differently: “Quick wash”, “Mini program”, “Accelerated wash”, it is intended for washing lightly soiled laundry and allows you to save 20-30% of time.
Anti-crease
Most washing machines provide such a useful function as protection against wrinkles at the end of the wash (“Easy to iron”, “Anti-creases”, “Loosening the laundry after spinning”). It can be implemented in a machine in different ways. Loosening the laundry after spinning involves a special cycle of rotation of the drum after spinning, due to which fewer wrinkles form on cotton and synthetic laundry, which, in turn, makes it easier to iron. Also, the anti-crease function may consist of prescribing additional rinses or turning off the drain after rinsing.
Programs for washing heavily soiled laundry
There are a number of programs that are designed for washing heavily soiled laundry and removing stains. The “Soak” program allows you to leave laundry in water with detergent for several hours, while the laundry is periodically automatically stirred. There are also intensive wash programs designed to remove old stains using dry stain removers.
Bioprogram
A bioprogram (bio-phase) is available in almost all washing machines; it provides for washing at a temperature of 40°C using powders with bioadditives. The program allows you to activate the enzymes contained in the powders, since they die at temperatures of 60°C and above. With the help of powders with bioadditives, stains of organic origin (blood, ketchup, sauces, greasy stains) are washed off very well, and the laundry is prepared for the standard washing cycle. Despite the advantages of powders with bioadditives, they are dangerous for silk and wool, because these fabrics consist of protein substances. Since the enzymes contained in washing powders help break down proteins, they also successfully, albeit gradually, destroy the fibers of wool and silk fabric.
Washing different types of items
Among the preset programs in washing machines you can also see programs designed for washing various types of items. For example, this could be “Washing children’s underwear”, “Jeans”, “Pillows”, “Sportswear”, “Sneakers” - these programs provide the most optimal conditions for washing a certain type of clothing.
Electronic washing process control systems
Electronic control systems in washing machines can be called differently: Fuzzy Control, Logic Control, Fuzzy Logic, with their help the washing process is controlled. Using special sensors, the washing machine monitors the processes occurring during washing and reacts flexibly to them. This is a comprehensive washing process control system; it includes a variety of functions that can be implemented separately in the washing machine, for example, automatic water level control, spin imbalance adjustment function, foam control, etc. For the consumer, the presence of an electronic washing process control system in the machine is great plus. The machine itself adjusts the process depending on the type and quantity of laundry, regulates water consumption and rinsing time, and eliminates imbalance during spinning. At the same time, the best washing results and the least expenditure of resources are achieved without your effort.
Automatic water level adjustment
With the automatic water level adjustment feature, your washing machine will control the water volume according to the load load. How does the machine determine the amount of laundry? In most models of washing machines, the weight of the laundry is determined depending on the rate at which water is absorbed into it; pure auto-weighing is implemented only in premium models. This function allows you to optimize your water consumption (relevant for those who have water meters) and electricity when washing.
Imbalance control system
An imbalance control system is present in most washing machine models and adjusts the rotation of the drum so that the laundry does not bunch up. If an imbalance does occur, the control system will spin at a safe speed.
Foam control system
A foam control system is needed to prevent damage to the machine in the event of an overdose of detergents. In most cases, foam suppression occurs in a fairly simple way - the machine includes an additional rinse cycle.
Delayed start
The delay timer (delayed start, delayed start) is a frequently encountered function that allows you to postpone washing for a time convenient for you. This function is very relevant where two-tariff and three-tariff electricity meters operate (for example, in Moscow), and at night electricity is several times cheaper. You can schedule the washing time so that the machine finishes it when you wake up.
Storing programs into the machine's memory
The ability to enter personal program configurations into the washing machine’s memory is very convenient. This function saves your time and eliminates the need to re-enter washing parameters each time, and makes it possible to expand the list of automatic washing programs you need.
Control
It is also important how you interact with the washing machine. Washing machines with electronic-mechanical (hybrid) control are equipped with software, but control occurs using traditional rotary switches. Communication with electronically controlled machines occurs using buttons, displays, etc. Choose what is more convenient for you. Older people more often choose cars with rotary switches that they are familiar with, while young people like to control the car using the display.
There are also mechanically controlled washing machines, but they are already reaching their end of life; there are only a few of them on store shelves.
The control panels of modern washing machines can be equipped with classic rotary knobs, buttons, and displays. Feedback from the washing machine is mainly carried out through the display. The simplest machines have an LED display, on which the LED lights light up opposite the running programs. Also, washing machines often use liquid crystal displays, which display digital and text information. And finally, touch screens that not only reflect information, but also allow you to control the car through the display. There are models that can communicate with the user in dialogue mode, and text prompts appear on the control panel.
Additional benefits
Consider whether you need additional benefits of a washing machine, such as drying clothes, silver sterilization or steam treatment. The implementation of these functions in a washing machine involves the introduction of additional technologies, which has many advantages, but also increases the cost of the product. Moreover, you will have to choose one thing; drying, steam treatment and silver sterilization “in one bottle” do not happen.
Drying
Washing machines with dryers are a separate class of devices that, in addition to a heating element for heating water, also have a fan. A machine with a dryer is necessary if you have nowhere to dry your clothes in your apartment. Such cars are also relevant for families with small children. The simplest models of washing machines of this type dry clothes on a timer; after the end of washing, a certain time is allocated for drying. More advanced models can also dry clothes “by humidity”, and the machine itself determines how long it will take. When choosing a machine with a dryer, you should pay attention to what drying programs it provides. The traditional set of programs includes “iron”, “dry” and “closet”, and some machines can have up to 11 drying programs. Often in washing machines with dryers it is stipulated that the load on the drum of the washing machine during drying should be half as much as when washing. But there are exceptions: in washing machines and dryers manufactured by Indesit and Ariston, new technology has been introduced that allows you to dry slightly less laundry than you washed.
Steam function
LG was the first to use the steam treatment function in its washing machines. Steam washing technology significantly increases the functionality of the washing machine. Steam treatment eliminates harmful bacteria and improves the quality of washing, while the steam is gentle on clothes without leaving creases on them, as with regular washing. In a machine with a steam function, you can wash even delicate items such as lace or silk. This system also allows you to quickly refresh clothes: smooth out wrinkles and eliminate unpleasant odors.
Silver sterilization function
The silver sterilization function is implemented based on Silver Nano technology developed by Samsung. This technology, using positively charged silver ions, ensures the destruction of 99.9% of bacteria, and the disinfectant effect lasts up to 30 days. The advantage of this system is that it allows you to destroy all types of microorganisms without damaging tissues. In addition, “silver washing” prevents the appearance of unpleasant odors in clothes and the machine drum, since silver ions, which remain after washing, prevent the growth of odor-causing bacteria.
Safety
And finally, think about safety. First of all, pay attention to the presence of a leakage protection system. It can be complete or partial. A complete leakage protection system applies to both the body and the hose of the washing machine, while a partial one applies to just one thing. Leak-proof hoses can be purchased separately and used with almost any washing machine.
If protection against leaks in your washing machine is important to you, pay attention to the presence of the AquaStop, AquaAlarm, Watercontrol, AquaBlockSystem or Waterproof functions. Different companies have their own brand name for protection against leaks and involve different methods of dealing with leaks. Most often, protection is implemented as follows: water is supplied and drained through special double hoses with solenoid valves at the ends, which block the flow of water if the hose is damaged. There are also sensors or floats located on the sealed bottom of the washing machine; if liquid gets on them, the water supply is turned off.
When choosing a washing machine, it is important to pay attention not only to the energy consumption class, drum capacity, but also to the washing modes presented in this model. Modern models have developed a large number of modes and functions, the correct use of which guarantees the safety and cleanliness of the product for a long time.
Manufacturers of washing machines in the latest models present a wide range of modes and additional functions used to expand the capabilities of this unit and affect its cost. Before installing the program, you need to familiarize yourself with what it means and when it is recommended for activation.
In different models, programs of the same type may differ slightly in temperature, process duration, number of rinses, and spin speed.
Standard
All models have basic modes for different types of fabrics. By choosing one of them, you can adjust the temperature, number of rinses, and spin speed. At the same time, the electronic module controls the selected indicators, preventing them from being exceeded, so as not to reduce the quality or damage the laundry. The number of additional programs depends on the brand and price segment of the model.
- Cotton (linen). Used to care for non-dyed, non-fading colored cotton and linen items at temperatures of 30, 40, 60, 90–95 °C. Includes 4-time rinsing with spin at maximum speed. Duration - from 90 minutes to 2 hours depending on the temperature.
- Synthetics. Wash synthetic and mixed fabrics at 40–60 °C with high spin speed. Duration - 1 hour 30 minutes - 1 hour 50 minutes.
- Handwash. Used for delicate fabrics marked “Hand Wash Only”. The drum rotates slowly with long pauses. The program involves rinsing in large quantities of water at a temperature of 30–40 °C without spinning for 50–60 minutes.
- Wool. In gentle mode, the drum sways slightly in a small amount of water at a temperature of up to 40 °C, preventing the formation of pellets and shrinkage of the item. Spins at minimum speed. Cycle time - 1 hour. Woolen products are loaded at 2/3 of the permissible norm, since wet wool is heavy, and overloading the drum wears out the engine.
- Silk or Delicate wash. Used for delicate cleaning of viscose, silk and lace products. The drum rotates slowly, with long pauses. Water temperature - 30–40 °C. Rinse in plenty of water without spinning. At the end of the 1-hour cycle, press at minimum speed.
- Express wash (fast). Used for lightly soiled items. Washing at a temperature of 30–40 °C with a spin at maximum speed lasts 15–30 minutes.
- Daily wash. Use for lightly soiled clothes. Water temperature - 30–40 °C, spins at high speed. Cycle time - 40–60 minutes.
- Pre-wash (soak). Dirty laundry is kept for up to 2 hours in water at a temperature of 30 °C before the main wash. In this case, the detergent is placed in the main and pre-wash compartments.
- Intensive wash. Used for cleaning particularly dirty non-fading items made of cotton, linen, and synthetics. The cycle lasts 2-4 hours, depending on the model, and is divided into several stages: pre-soaking - 15-25 minutes; slow wash at 60 °C - 20–30 min; intensive at 95 °C - 30 min; slow at 60 °C - 30 min; intensive rinsing; spins at maximum speed. In this mode, the machine operates at maximum loads with high consumption of water and electricity, so it is recommended to run this program in exceptional cases.
- Biophase. Detergents with enzymes effectively remove biological stains at temperatures of 30–40 °C. There are several types of enzymes that eliminate certain stains, so choose bio-products based on the type of stain.
- Eco-wash. The program gently and thoroughly removes old stains. Suitable for all types of fabrics. Relevant for washing children's clothes.
It is carried out in 2 stages:
- biophase;
- main wash.
At the second stage, the intensity of the drum rotation increases, the temperature rises to 60 °C, the enzymes are destroyed, and the clothes are treated with other components of the detergent. Spins at high speeds. Cycle time - 2 hours.
Additional functions
The use of these programs increases the safety, comfort, and cost-effectiveness of the process.
- Delayed wash mode. Allows you to delay the start of the cycle by 1–24 hours. Powder is poured into the powder receptacle, laundry is loaded into the drum, a delay time is set, after which the machine automatically turns on.
- Night mode. The program turns off the spin and sound signal at the end of the cycle.
- Half (partial) load. This function is useful when you need to wash a small amount of laundry. When activated, the cycle time is reduced and less water is consumed.
- Water level control. The program automatically determines the amount of water required for effective washing.
- Spin balancing. To reduce vibration during spinning, the drum rotates slowly until the laundry is evenly distributed over it. Then the spin cycle is activated at high speeds.
- Water clarity control. If necessary, increase the number of rinses until the remaining detergent is washed out.
- Spin. Function of separate spin activation with the ability to independently adjust the speed.
- Drain. Water is removed from the drum without rinsing or spinning.
- Rinse and drain. The laundry is rinsed several times and then spun at the set speed.
- Disabling spin. The program ends the cycle without the intended spin.
- Extra rinse. Additionally, rinses things one more time.
- Easy ironing. Disables the intermediate spin during rinsing and reduces the speed at the end of the cycle. The laundry remains slightly damp and less wrinkled, which makes subsequent ironing easier.
- Foam control. Excess foam is automatically removed during the entire cycle.
- Troubleshooting. If there are interruptions in the operation of the unit, the electronic module conducts self-diagnosis and a fault code is displayed on the display.
How to choose temperature and mode
The required program is selected depending on the material of the product and the degree of its contamination. To help you choose the right washing mode to maintain the quality of the product, the manufacturer indicates care instructions on the labels.
To wash clothes with an independent change in cycle temperature, spin speeds are guided by their maximum permissible values:
- light cotton, linen - 60–95 °C at 1400 rpm;
- colored cotton, linen - 40 °C at 1400 rpm;
- synthetics - 40 °C at 600 rpm;
- delicate fabrics, silk - 40 °C at 400 rpm;
- wool - 40 °C at 800 rpm.
Rules for washing in a washing machine
To prevent things from spoiling and to ensure high quality of cleaning, follow the basic rules:
- dirty laundry is pre-sorted by fabric type, color and soiling;
- pockets are emptied of contents;
- remove belts, loose accessories, metal objects;
- fasten zippers, buttons, buttons;
- terry products, trousers, skirts, knitwear, socks are turned inside out;
- Pillowcases and duvet covers are turned out, the fuzz accumulated in the corners is removed;
- to improve the quality of washing, laundry of different sizes is loaded into the drum;
- detergents, softeners, and bleaching agents are placed in special compartments of the powder receptacle;
- use washing powders and gels intended for automatic machines;
- Detergents have been developed for different types of fabrics;
- do not exceed the dosage of the products used;
- comply with the permissible load of laundry;
- They set the mode, temperature and spin speed depending on the loaded laundry.
To extend the life of your washing machine, follow these rules:
- Overloading of laundry significantly reduces the quality of washing and leads to breakdown of the unit.
- Do not leave washed clothes in the drum for a long time.
- Use high-quality detergents according to their intended purpose.
- Do not exceed the dosage of washing powders.
- Periodically carry out preventative cleaning of the machine.
A modern automatic machine is equipped with a large number of programs and functions for caring for products made of any materials. Choosing them correctly preserves the integrity of the product, increases efficiency, saves resources, and extends the life of the washing machine.
New generation washing machine models have only 3 - 4 main programs for different types of laundry and several additional ones, different in all models. By selecting one of the programs on the control panel, you set the temperature, number of revolutions and rinses. At the same time, the electronic brain of the machine ensures that your settings correspond to the type of fabric you have chosen, and in case of an error makes the necessary adjustments. Basic ease of use is provided by 4 programs:
1. Washing cotton and linen products at a temperature of about 95 C;
2. Washing synthetic and colored items at a temperature of about 60 C;
3. Washing delicate items made from fine fabrics at a temperature of about 40 C;
4. Washing wool at 40 C.
Additional modes and functions allow you to select the optimal washing mode for any type of laundry with varying degrees of soiling, prevent wrinkles, and minimize detergent residues. But every additional feature increases the price of the car.
Owners of the most advanced models have the easiest time choosing programs. For example, Whirlpool washing machines are equipped with a “6th sense” control system. The owner just needs to set the selector to the type of fabric he is going to wash. On the display, he will read the washing temperature set by the machine for this type of fabric, the spin speed of the drum and the estimated washing time. However, most cars in the mid-range and budget price range still require some basic knowledge from you.
Below are the most common additional modes and functions found in various washing machines.
Modes:
Functions:
If you have any questions, you can ask them in the section
Useful functions and modes of washing machines: what's what
Of course, when choosing a washing machine, the first thing you should pay attention to is its main characteristics. We have already described in detail what this is in the corresponding article. There, in a separate section, the standard noise level for modern devices was mentioned.
The second thing you should pay attention to is, of course, the programs and functions that it has. How often do we buy a device with 24 modes, most of which turn out to be useless in practice. But now you will know which programs will be useful and which will simply put an extra burden on your wallet (after all, don’t forget, every extra function is an addition of several hundred rubles to the price of the device).
Main programs
By selecting one of the programs on the electronic control panel of the washing machine, you can set the number of revolutions per minute, the number of rinses and the required washing temperature. At the same time, the device ensures that the settings are optimal for the type of fabric that you have chosen, and in the event of a significant error (which can lead to insufficient washing quality or mechanical damage to the laundry), it makes the required adjustments.
Modern washing machines are equipped with only three or four basic programs, the same for all models and designed for specific types of fabric, as well as several optional, additional modes that differ depending on the manufacturer, price and dimensions of the product. The four main programs may have different names, but the principle is the same:
- washing woolen products at water temperatures up to 40 °C;
- washing clothes made of delicate, thin fabrics at temperatures up to 40 ° C;
- washing colored and synthetic products, temperature - up to 60 ° C;
- washing items made of cotton and linen, recommended temperature - up to 95 ° C.
Owners of expensive, advanced models with a choice of modes, as a rule, don’t have to bother at all. For example, washing machines have intelligent “6th sense” technology and are equipped with sensors that record the weight of the loaded laundry. The owner of such a device just needs to select the type of fabric, and the display will show information about the washing temperature set in the machine for these conditions, the drum speed and the estimated time that the laundry cleaning process will require.
Electronic control panel of the washing machine (pay attention to temperature conditions and rpm values)
But to achieve effective, high-quality and economical washing of clothes in most devices from the budget and mid-price range, you still need some knowledge. We talked about numerous subtleties in the article, but you can read about which modes are intended for what right now.
Additional programs
They allow the user to choose the optimal type of washing for his conditions, to thoroughly clean laundry made from a special fabric or fabric with special care requirements, to prevent creases, to wash extremely soiled items, or, on the contrary, to simply refresh fairly clean clothes. It is the additional modes that allow thrifty housewives to minimize the cost of detergents. However, each new function, of course, also increases the price of the washing machine, so, as always, it is a double-edged sword and you need to choose a device based only on the presence of the most necessary programs in it, without paying attention to their total number.
What programs tend to be useful? Well, it's simple.
"Prewash"- needed for especially dirty laundry. Before the actual washing process, your items will be kept in the washing solution for about two hours at a temperature of 30 °C. This will help the dirt come off more easily, and then there will be no need to exert a strong mechanical force on the fabric, which can damage it.
"Intensive wash"- on the contrary, it allows you to remove old stains (for example, from fruit or wine) quite quickly, without wasting extra time. To do this, the laundry is washed at a higher temperature and a higher drum rotation speed. It is possible to use bleaching or stain removing agents. Of course, things don't like this treatment very much.
"Quick wash"- despite the similar name to the previous program, it is responsible for washing clothes that are not particularly dirty. It is used mainly to refresh and rinse clothes. Saves up to 40% of time - and this is the only thing for which this mode may be required. There are no other advantages, and energy consumption, in terms of washing quality, turns out to be quite significant.
"Handwash"- used for careful and gentle cleansing of fabric. The machine washes even more carefully than you can do by hand: the drum only rocks slightly and takes long pauses between revolutions, exerting minimal mechanical impact on your laundry. This same mode is sometimes called the “Delicates program”.
Pictograms on the washing machine: anti-crease, extra rinse and quick wash
"Daily wash"- designed to refresh clothes after a long day of work. The drum is loaded approximately halfway, and items are washed in no more than 40 minutes at 30 °C. The mode is very similar to “quick wash”, often it is the same button on the device.
"Economy wash"- performed at low temperature and low drum rotation speed. Due to this, washing time increases, but electricity, water and detergents are saved.
"Extra rinse"- a program that includes a second rinse cycle, which allows you to refresh your laundry and remove any remaining detergent from it.
"Multiple rinses"- 3-, 4- or 5-fold rinsing mode, after which not even minimal traces of washing powder remain on clean laundry.
"More water"- a program designed primarily for heavily soiled and delicate laundry. It also allows you to remove powder residue and rinse things thoroughly. In the “advanced” version it is called “Wash in a large amount of water” (of course, on the machine itself the mode can be named differently or left without a name at all; it can be indicated by a simple icon with the image of splashing liquid).
"Eco-wash" or "Bioenzyme phase"- designed for laundry with a significant level of contamination. In this case, modern biological detergents are used, containing enzymes (protein molecules, bioenzymes - see). Microorganisms “eat” dirt, due to which your clothes are well cleaned even at washing temperatures of 35-50 ° C. The fabric does not deteriorate either from the enormous heat inside the tank or from too active rotation of the drum. However, such detergents can be used in a regular washing machine that does not have a “bioenzyme phase” - you just need not set the temperature above 50 ° C (if it is hotter inside the tank, the enzymes will simply die). So the usefulness of the “eco-wash” mode in the device is in great doubt and special attention cannot be paid to its presence (or absence).
But, if you want to use washing powders with these bioadditives, you should know about the types of enzymes. This can be useful for effectively washing clothes with organic soils: sweat, grease, vegetable stains, coffee stains, sauce or blood stains. In order to choose the right detergent, you should understand that:
- breaks down protein contaminants protease;
- breaks down carbohydrate contaminants amylase;
- breaks down fats lipase;
- prevents the formation of pellets cellulase.
Not all powders contain all these types of enzymes, so carefully read the information on the packaging before purchasing such a product.
Mode switch on the washing machine
"Washing wool" or "Soft wool"- a program that allows you to wash wool products with the highest quality and efficiency without damaging the delicate structure of the fabric. The drum rotates smoothly at low speed (36-80 rpm), and the optimal temperature and amount of water for wool is set. If this program is present in the washing machine, then you don’t have to worry about wool items shrinking or fading.
"Wrinkle protection" or "Easy ironing"- this is a spin mode in which the drum rotates at a very low speed - only about 30 rpm, with long pauses between revolutions. This ensures there are no creases in your laundry and makes it easier for you to iron things after washing.
Additional functions
"Bubble Wash". It is found only in special washing machines that are equipped with an air bubble generator. These bubbles easily pass through layers of fabric and gradually remove dirt. In this case, the drum does not rotate, so the laundry practically does not wear out during the washing process. However, there are also disadvantages. Firstly, the quality of such washing is not very high, and particularly complex stains cannot be cleaned in this way. Secondly, machines with a bubble washing function, as a rule, need to be connected to both cold and hot water at the same time, because they are not capable of heating the water themselves. Thirdly, returning to the topic that was already touched upon in, for such devices it is imperative to purchase a filter that softens the water - after all, hard water foams quite weakly and fewer bubbles will be generated than necessary.
"Imbalance control system" or "Balancing control system" determines the uniformity of the weight distribution of the laundry in the drum and, if a discrepancy is detected, tries to eliminate this imbalance: the motor begins reverse rotation. If the optimal state of things inside the device cannot be achieved, the engine starts working again as usual, but at a reduced speed. This system is also one of the mandatory ones in the latest generation devices. If the user is not accustomed to loading laundry into the drum correctly, then thanks to it it is possible to reduce the level of vibration and noise of the washing machine, and achieve less wear on bearings, drive belts and other internal components of the device.
"Drying". A special function responsible for drying clothes after washing. The internal heating element of the machine generates heat, and the built-in fan creates a flow of warm air that “penetrates” the fabric and removes moisture particles from it. Each type of laundry has its own drying level.
"Start Timer" or "On delay". Present in all washing machines, except the oldest or the cheapest. A convenient function thanks to which you can set the device to wash at night or while you are away. The maximum delay time ranges from 3 to 24 hours, depending on the specific model.
"Drainage" is a system for removing cleaning solution from the device without the need to rotate the drum. Saves machine resource.
"Self-cleaning pump"- a function that is also present in almost all modern washing machines. If it is available, it means that the user is no longer required to check every few months whether the filter is clogged. And taking into account the fact that many Russians do not bother themselves with such activities at all, this function also allows you to increase the lifespan of the device.
"Foam control system". It is necessary for the machine to be able to rinse clothes effectively, using as little water, electricity and detergent as possible. This can be achieved by rinsing out as much laundry detergent as possible from the spaces between the fabric. As with hand washing, this requires the laundry to be spun between rinses. However, during the spin process, foam is formed, which envelops the fabric and worsens the rinsing result. So, in devices with a foam control function there is a special sensor that controls the amount of foam formed. If it exceeds the permissible norm, the machine's pump pumps out excess foam from the drum, thereby increasing the quality of rinsing - however, consuming a certain amount of electricity for this.
It is impossible to imagine a modern city home without an automatic washing machine. There are many models on sale, varying in price and technical characteristics. After choosing several options, you should consider the washing, energy consumption and spin classes of suitable machines, since these parameters are much more important than most buyers think.
What is a washing class
The washing efficiency class is usually called a value characterizing the cleanliness of washed laundry. The classes are designated in Latin letters from A to G. The highest class is supplemented with the designations A+, A++ and A+++, since new washing machines are more advanced.
To determine the wash class of a particular model, a piece of cotton fabric is soiled in a certain way and washed at 60°C for an hour using one of the basic programs. The washed fabric is then compared to a reference sample. Comparison of cleanliness indicators (whiteness and other properties) is carried out using special optical devices that produce the result (washing efficiency coefficient) in digital form.
Table 1 shows the correspondence between the obtained coefficient and the washing class of the machine:
In fact, this indicator can hardly be called objective, since it is almost impossible to create identical testing conditions, and the cost of a washing machine directly depends on the value of this coefficient.
It is almost impossible to detect the difference in the quality of washing classes A+++ and A (sometimes B) with the naked eye. It is enough to take a good quality detergent, and the difference will become completely unnoticeable; it makes no sense to overpay for a prestigious badge in the product passport. However, when buying, it is better to choose a car of a higher class, all other characteristics being equal.
Energy consumption and energy efficiency classes
The energy consumption class of an automatic washing machine depends on the amount of electricity that the device consumes in the basic mode to wash 1 kg of cotton laundry for 1 hour at a temperature of 60°C. The lower this indicator, the higher the energy consumption class of the washing machine.
Until 2010, the following gradation of energy consumption classes for automatic washing machines was adopted (Table 2):
After 2010, instead of the energy consumption class, a new characteristic was introduced - the energy efficiency class. This indicator depends on the energy efficiency index (EEI - Energy Efficiency Index). To assign a value to a new model, average annual electricity consumption figures are used. Take into account washing modes at different temperatures and partial loads. When calculating, it is assumed that the machine goes through 220 full cycles per year. The standard consumption (100%) of electricity for a full cycle (with a load of 6 kg of dry cotton fiber laundry) is considered to be 1.52 kWh, that is, 334 kWh per year.
The energy efficiency index is the percentage ratio of the actual energy consumption of a particular model to the standard one. The higher the class of the unit, the lower the index value. In order to find out how much electricity a particular washing machine consumes per year, it is enough to multiply the reference consumption (334 kWh) by the index corresponding to the class of the energy consumption model and divide by 100.
Energy efficiency index values for different classes of washing machines (Table 3):
What does the term “spin class” mean?
The spin class of a washing machine depends on the amount of moisture in the laundry that has gone through a full spin cycle. The lower this indicator, the higher the class. To calculate this coefficient, the mass of dry laundry is subtracted from the mass of wet laundry after spinning, then the resulting result is divided by the mass of dry laundry and multiplied by 100%.
Values of laundry humidity after washing (in%) and drum rotation speed (rpm), corresponding to spin classes (Table 4):
Spin efficiency is related to energy consumption: the higher the spin speed of the drum, the greater the energy consumption. A high-speed spin mode (class A) is needed mainly when washing items made of thick fabrics, for example, denim (denim). Significant mechanical impact on the fabric negatively affects the service life of things and their appearance: creases appear that are difficult to straighten even with an iron or ironing press. It is not necessary to choose a machine with spin class A; B or C is sufficient.
Washing modes in a washing machine
Manufacturers create automatic washing machines with different sets of basic and additional modes. They use both generally accepted names and designations, as well as original ones unique to this brand. Therefore, it is better to study the meaning of pictograms and inscriptions using the passport for a specific model.
There is a set of basic modes that (with minimal differences) all automatic cars have.
Basic operating modes of an automatic washing machine:
- washing items made from natural materials: linen or cotton (from +90 to +95°C), - full cycle, which is used for heavily soiled white laundry, spin at maximum speed;
- washing items made of synthetic materials - gentle mode (+60°C), spin at maximum speed;
- washing wool and silk (+40°C) – gentle mode, in which the drum does not rotate, but only rocks from side to side, without spinning, the processing cycle ends by draining the water;
- delicate washing of items made from thin and delicate fabrics: underwear, lace and embroidered items that require careful handling. Gentle mode, no spin (+30°C).
All modes can be adjusted using the buttons on the control panel, adding or disabling individual functions.
Additional washing modes
In addition to the main ones, automatic washing machines have additional washing modes, which differ in the amount and temperature of water, the length of time of some washing phases, and the spin speed of the drum.
On electronically controlled machines, modes are switched using rotary knobs, and functions can be selected by pressing buttons. If the control is touch-sensitive, then there can be either recessed buttons or those activated by a light touch of the fingers; data on the operation of the machine is displayed on the display.
For mechanically controlled machines, program selection is carried out using a rotary knob and buttons on the control panel. Such a machine, unlike a similar one with electronic control, can be stopped at any point in the cycle and switched to another program.
Mechanical models are more likely to fail due to the large number of moving parts, while electronic ones are damaged as a result of voltage surges.
Common additional washing modes:
- “pre-wash” (soak) – the program is suitable for very dirty items, which are first kept in a cold detergent solution for several hours, then the main wash begins. In this mode, you need to pour two portions into the powder container, using both compartments;
- “Intensive wash” – used when stains need to be removed. The water is gradually heated to +60ºC, and after the initial treatment of the stains, the temperature reaches +90°C;
- “quick wash” - this program is used for everyday care of things. The cycle is completed after 15–30 minutes at a water temperature of 30–40°C. Washing parameters depend on the brand of machine. If you need to quickly wash things without heavy contamination, this mode is the best;
- “Economy mode” – ensures washing of cotton and linen at low temperatures, with low consumption of water and electricity. Due to the increase in processing time, the quality of washing does not suffer;
- “half load” - this mode is very convenient in cases where things need to be washed urgently, but there are not enough items for a full load. The washing time will be reduced, therefore the consumption of water, electricity and detergent will be reduced;
- “Easy ironing” - when washing in this mode, the laundry is constantly straightened out and does not wrinkle due to the slow rotation of the drum with the intermediate spin function disabled. The final spin occurs at a reduced speed. Items after such treatment are easy to iron.
Automatic washing machines are equipped with a set of useful functions that make the washing process even more convenient:
- “Delayed start” – allows you to program the start of washing in the selected mode within 24 hours, which is convenient for busy people;
- “extra rinse” is a very useful option if you need to thoroughly remove detergent residue from baby, underwear and bed linen;
- “lots of water” – when washing and rinsing in an increased amount of water, it is easier to completely get rid of the smell and residues of washing powder;
- “rinse delay” - if it is not possible to immediately remove the laundry at the end of the wash cycle, it is better to leave it in the water so that creases and unnecessary folds do not appear. At a convenient time, the drain and spin functions are started, after which clean items are taken out of the drum;
- “night wash” - this function makes the process almost silent, as it completely eliminates spinning. In the morning, you can complete the wash by sequentially turning on the “drain” and “spin” modes.
Security Modes
When designing modern automatic machines, manufacturers pay great attention to safety. Different models may have the following locks:
- protection against leaks. Thanks to this function, the water supply automatically stops if there is a danger of leakage, sometimes the device completely turns off, it depends on the model;
- foam suppression system. Excess foam may cause leakage. Using a special sensor that determines the amount of foam during draining and spinning, the suction is turned on, excess foam is removed and the cycle continues;
- balancing control. If there is a significant imbalance, the machine begins to vibrate strongly, the sensor turns on a special shaking mode, in which the laundry is evenly distributed throughout the drum due to slow reverse rotation (alternately, clockwise and in the opposite direction). This function protects the machine from mechanical damage;
- protection from children. Reliable door locking so that the baby cannot open the hatch in any way, either during operation or in standby mode.
P.S. It often happens that the happy owner of a car with a maximum range of different interesting modes does not find time to understand them and uses only a few. So is it worth buying an expensive model, because the more washing modes, the higher the price and the risk of damaging complex equipment? It is better to take a closer look at reliable and high-quality units that have a high energy efficiency class, without overly complex programs that may not be needed.
