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Besides Android and iOS: six exotic operating systems for smartphones. Mobile operating systems for smartphones

Date of publication: 01/31/2012

Since the advent of touch phones and other mobile devices, a lot has already been written both in terms of criticism (not always constructive) and in terms of all kinds of praise. I am not writing this article to point out all the capabilities of operating systems for mobile platforms (OS). Therefore, if you want details, then read Wikipedia or official forums. In this article, I set myself the goal of explaining “what-is-what” in understandable language.

Apple iOS

This is the most popular and fashionable OS. But that doesn't mean she's the best...
This OS is installed on all Apple devices: iPhone, iPad, iPod touch. Most users liked this OS - it is simple, beautiful, and convenient. Steve Jobs' motto was “Simplify,” and therefore the simplicity and ergonomics of this OS are a good plus. Accordingly, the minimum of basic settings alerted experienced users. After all, an OS is not about a beautiful appearance, but about the functionality itself, the ability of the OS to work with the latest technologies, as well as the preservation of confidential information from intruders. We'll talk more about iOS and Apple products in one of the following articles, but for now let's summarize.

Pros:
- The most fashionable operating system (for some this is a minus);
- Clear and easy to use (for most users this is the main thing);
- A huge number of applications in the App Store;
- Ability to create your own applications and sell them (for developers);

Minuses:
- A minimum number of settings (which means that in order to run an unlicensed application on your device, you will have to do a lot of trickery);
- Works only on Apple devices (for some this is a plus);

Google Android

Honestly, in my opinion, this is the best OS at the moment. It, of course, has its drawbacks, but compared to other operating systems, Android surpasses them in functionality.

Let's start with the fact that Android is built on the Linux kernel. In addition, Google today offers us a large number of free functions and utilities that only Google has (voice technologies, smart translator, maps, etc.) In addition, unlike iOS, Android can be configured very finely and painstakingly, thereby changing your device beyond recognition. This means that every user can turn their smartphone into a powerful media station. At the same time, the abundance of settings does not complicate the use of Android. Android has its own alternative to the App Store - called Android Market. Those. you can install the same applications on your smartphone as in the App Store. After all, most application developers (especially popular ones) make their games and applications cross-platform. And some developers do this - they take and publish applications for free that you have to pay for on the App Store. For example, for your Android you can download the popular AngryBirds for free.

Pros:
- Advanced OS;
- A large number of free applications;
- The ability to create your own applications and sell them through the Android Market;
- Possibility of fine tuning;

Minuses:
- For some users, however, setting up their Android will be a problem.

WindowsPhone 7

Surprisingly, Microsoft came to its senses late in creating a mobile OS. When the touchscreen smartphone boom began in 2007, Microsoft had nothing good to offer. At that time, Microsoft only had Windows Mobile, but it was far behind its competitors. But in 2010, Microsoft released Windows Phone 7. At first, the market share was small, but Microsoft’s characteristic manner of promoting its products eventually brought Windows Phone 7 into the top three market leaders. Unlike its competitors, Microsoft designed its OS from the ground up. This OS also has its own application store - Marketplace. At first, the number of applications was modest, but now that Microsoft has agreements with Dell, HTC, LG, Samsung, etc., the number of applications has increased greatly.

But the main news was the deal between Microsoft and Nokia.

Now Nokia will install Microsoft OS on some of its smartphones and tablets. This means either that Microsoft has a lot of money, or (most likely) Nokia Corporation understands that their Symbian OS is gradually rotting.

Pros:
- User-friendly interface design;
- Simple and clear settings;
- Support for a large number of devices;
- themes for nokia - the ability to download and install any pictures and scenes on your phone as a screensaver.

Minuses:
- Not enough available applications;
- As with all Microsoft products, Windows Phone7 has its own shortcomings (actually, who doesn’t have them...).

Windows 8

But with this OS from Microsoft, which is still in beta version, there are many problems. Microsoft suddenly decided to create an OS that could work equally well on PCs and mobile devices. Those. The idea is good - one system for all devices, but so far the implementation is poor. Well, in the near future we'll see what they can do...

Symbian OS

Symbian is gradually losing its strength. At first, Symbian was among the leaders in the mobile market. But due to the incompatibility of applications between new and old versions of the OS, due to tactical errors of the Symbian Foundation, Symbian is now not listed on the mobile OS market. In a year or two Symbian will disappear altogether...

Pros:
- A large number of devices that support Symbian (however, over time, all companies except Nokia left the Symbian Foundation);
- Many additional programs;

Minuses:
- Confusing settings;
- Inconvenient touch interface;
- Lack of support;

BlackBerry

“Blackberry” is how the name of this OS is translated. A very good and high-quality OS, but it has not gained popularity among ordinary users, since it is aimed at a specific audience - business people solving business problems. The company RIM (Research in Motion) came up with Blackberry as a convenient system for businessmen. Therefore, the main applications that can be purchased or downloaded in the special App World store are aimed at solving business problems (exchange rates, ratings, statistics, etc.). In the USA, most corporations prefer phones with Blackberry. All BlackBerry phones have a comfortable QWERTY keyboard. In Russia, devices with BlackBerry are also sold...

Pros:
- A good tool for solving business problems;

Minuses:
- Few games and other entertainment applications (OS for serious people);
- It is not very widespread on the Russian market (you have to choose not from a number of models, but what is on sale);

Means "Ocean" in Korean. "Korean Ocean" was presented to the public in 2009. The bad is installed only on cheap phones and only from Samsung. At the same time, almost all Samsung smartphones and devices run Android. Why do they need a second OS?
Maybe the company needs Bada “just in case”... Or they will soon promote this OS, and a new leader will appear on the market... In general, time will tell. And while this “embryo” is in its infancy, there is no point in talking about its pros and cons. Although Samsung has already announced Bada 2.0.

And in short, then pros:
- Clear and convenient interface;
- Built-in application store;

Minuses:
- Few applications;
- And let’s be honest, have you at least once seen a phone with Bada OS on the shelves??? And I didn't see it either. Although I didn't really look closely...

Thank you for reading the article to the end.


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The smartphone market has been dominated by Google for several years with its Android operating system (83% of global shipments in the third quarter of 2014 of 310 million smartphones, Gartner estimate) and iOS (almost 13%). At first glance, the main competitor for these two main systems is Microsoft's Windows - Windows Phone accounted for 3% of shipments in the third quarter. However, the smartphone business, along with Nokia's loss-making mobile phone business acquired last year, has not yet generated any revenue for Microsoft. So far, the most serious threat to the leadership of Google and iOS comes from mobile developments based on Linux - including versions of Android from which Google services have been removed. The largest Asian Internet company Alibaba invested in one of them.

MIUI

Google services are prohibited in China - Internet search, email, satellite navigation and others - including the Google Play mobile application store for Android. The phones themselves with this operating system are sold in China, but they work with other application stores - most often from smartphone manufacturers. Some of them develop their own Android firmware - for example, Xiaomi: this company first released the MIUI firmware, its version of Android with the iOS system interface, and only then its own phone with this system. MIUI can still be downloaded and installed by any owner of an Android smartphone, and it is installed by default on Xiaomi phones. There are no Google services in it - to install them, you need to download a special software package. According to Gartner, in the third quarter of 2014, Xiaomi accounted for 5% of all smartphone sales in the world.

CyanogenMod

CyanogenMod is one of the first independent firmware based on Android, which anyone can install on their Android smartphone. As The Wall Street Journal reported in January, citing its sources, CyanogenMod is going to conduct a new round of investment of $70 million, in which Microsoft will participate. “We're going to take Android away from Google,” promised CianogenMod CEO Kirt McMaster.

Ubuntu Touch

Ubuntu is a family of operating systems for computers and mobile devices developed by the British company Canonical. It was founded by South African entrepreneur Michael Shuttleworth (pictured), the world's second space tourist. Canonical has been releasing operating systems since 2009, but it has so far released the Ubuntu Touch mobile OS only for three gadgets - the Nexus 4 smartphone and the Nexus 7 and Nexus 10 tablets. The company promises that bq.com will soon begin selling Aquaris E4.5 Ubuntu Edition smartphones in Europe at a price of $195. The main messenger in it will be Telegram, a secure messenger developed by one of the founders of the Russian social network VKontakte, Pavel Durov.

Firefox

The Firefox operating system was developed by the creator of the browser of the same name, the non-profit organization Mozilla. In 2013, Spanish Telefonica began selling the Chinese ZTE smartphone with this system. In the fall of 2014, MegaFon began selling Firefox smartphones in Russia. There are much fewer applications for this operating system than for Android (with various firmwares). “Skype is somehow no longer a trend,” writes one of the phone owners on the website 4pda.ru.

Tizen

Samsung once had its own smartphone operating system, Bada, and three years ago it ran on every tenth smartphone sold in Russia. Samsung closed this project and instead released its Tizen Linux system. Sales of the first Tizen smartphones started in India in January 2015, the Samsung Z1 model costs $100. Samsung representatives told RBC that in Russia Tizen smartphones will be available only to corporate users.

Many people use smartphones every day and many have no idea what operating system they have installed. In order to better understand mobile devices and choose models with a more user-friendly interface, a modern user should always pay attention to the operating systems that are installed in gadgets. They significantly affect the operation of mobile devices, guarantee stability, comfort or inconvenience, and each has its own pros and cons. Let's look at the most popular operating systems that are installed on most handheld computers.

What operating systems are there for smartphones?

  • Android
  • Windows
  • WebOS
  • Blackberry OS
  • Maemo

Android is a popular platform for everyone

Android is the most popular OS in the world. 85% of users have phones with this software (based on Strategy Analytics). Works with almost any hardware configuration. The “stuffing” is used by powerful corporations and unknown companies that produce inexpensive gadgets. This trend is a disadvantage because the quality of the goods leaves much to be desired. With such rapid development, defects are inevitable, but they should not obscure the positive image of a “system for all,” as its creators call it.

The electronic shell is similar to a racing car engine. This forces specialists to create numerous applications for it. They have a chance to attract people to their developments. The complex is suitable for people who like to have full control over their phone. Here they can get administrator rights and enjoy exciting features without worrying about serious dangers. The best configuration options are ideal for hackers who plan and implement their ideas. Ninety-nine percent of worms are created for Google's OS.

Interconnected processes are threatened by various modifications being developed by companies that produce smartphones, as well as by developers of applications for them. They insert various functions and their own algorithms that slow down the platform, but by doing it in a timely manner, this can be avoided. It is also advisable to buy a device with a pure Android system.

iOS – an exclusive and expensive choice

Apple iOS is not the most common operating system. But it is considered the best on the market, or maybe this is a simple marketing trick of the Apple corporation. The iPhone came before products from Google and Microsoft. The brand has transformed and changed for the better. He gathered customers for whom price is not a decisive factor; such individuals are attracted by the quality of the products.

Engineers from California have a limited set of equipment specifications, which excludes significant defects. Everything here is well thought out and planned, so the platform functions smoothly even on older devices. However, all capabilities will be available when the iOS handset communicates with another Mac of the same brand. The Cupertino company has created a complete, user-friendly ecosystem covering all its products.

The OS operates quickly, without delays, it is robust, and always up to date. Utilities are safe for it because they are checked in one place. Reliable updates are supported for a long time. American products are beautifully crafted and have a minimalist look. They are too expensive and are reserved for a select group of people who can afford them.

Microsoft's mobile system is an attempt at compromise

Windows Phone is trying to reconcile the two giants, find common values ​​and develop its own unique concept. This product is the least popular, not fully formed. Runs very smoothly, better than many versions of Android. Unfortunately, the platform developers have stopped creating new applications for it.

The interface used in the shell is different from the OS described above. It consists of tiles, has fierce enemies and many followers. The programmers do not hide the fact that they created a complex for less sophisticated users who need a working, uncomplicated phone. Mobile Windows is a closed shell and does not allow its owners to obtain additional “usefulness”. Smartphones running this OS rarely break down due to limited utility permissions. In this situation, it will not be possible to create malicious bots.

The presented mobile operating systems deserve attention and calm analysis. In the material, experts tried to explain to interested people their features. The future will tell which ones will survive the commercial race. There are also some popular OSes, but still some users and developers choose them. There are several such operating systems: Blackberry OS, Open WebOS, Maemo.

Which is better: Android or Windows Phone? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each type of device? What are these operating systems generally intended for, what are they designed for? We will try to address these and other similar questions in the course of this article.

Introduction

Many users, when buying a new phone, cannot decide which model to buy. Moreover, we are also talking about the operating system on which the future smartphone will be based.

People have the following opinions: Android is an unfinished OS that has many shortcomings, as a result of which the device’s performance drops even with strong hardware. IOs, on the contrary, has a well-developed OS architecture, and even with hardware that is weaker than Android, it works much more stable and faster. But when the conversation turns to Windows Phone, then many users begin to talk about the “dark forest”, the incomprehensible tiled design, which is a mistake, as well as other, as it seems to them, problems.

In this article we will talk about what is better: “Android” or Windows Phone, we will try to compare these two operating systems according to some parameters.

First parameter: device availability

Currently, the most affordable option is, of course, a device running the Android operating system. The most expensive devices on the smartphone market today, of course, are distributed by Apple. Nokia, whose main product is Windows Phone smartphones, is already working on this problem. And, it is worth noting that some seemingly ardent Android defenders are switching to Nokia's side, once they have tried what it is. They don’t want to return to Android anymore, which means there are some technical aspects for this. We will try to deal with them later.

Second parameter: user interface and design

In general, the design of Android and Windows Phone is not much different from each other. Device manufacturers are trying to make their smartphones as thin as possible on both sides. That is why you can often notice similarities in the design of certain models. But what cannot be taken away from Android as a user interface is its numerous widgets, as well as skins. They are created by third-party developers, but it should be noted that the face, so to speak, of the system can be very much changed using one or another shell, as well as a certain set of widgets. Programs for Android are generally distributed better than for any other operating system, and this is a noticeable plus for this particular OS.

There is one more nuance. When the Android L OS first came out, it had a certain concept, which was the so-called “material design”. In fact, the platform may become more holistically developed in the future. Through optimization, it may be possible to improve its stability and eliminate some shortcomings, settling scores not only with Windows Phone, but also with Apple. And there the hardware will become a factor that does not balance the scales, but definitely tips it in favor of the Android OS.

As mentioned earlier, the base of Windows Phone 8 is the tile system. Its size can be perfectly adjusted to a specific user. If anyone has experience working with Windows 8 on a laptop or computer, then they will immediately understand what we are talking about, since there are no significant changes in terms of design, and are not expected. Windows Phone 8 is far more stable than Android. However, in comparison with him, she looks quite “clumsy”.

Third parameter: applications

Here the situation between iOS and Android is stalemate. Both platforms have approximately the same number of applications (more than a million). But the Window Phone cannot boast of this. Today, only about a quarter of a million apps are available in stores. All three platforms have their own stores, in which applications are distributed on a paid and free basis. If in the case of Android smartphones this is the Play Market, then programs for Windows Phone can be downloaded from the corresponding resource. In terms of applications, the Android operating system clearly wins.

Fourth option: app stores

It is worth noting that programs for Android, as well as for other mobile operating systems, are distributed not only in official application stores, but also on amateur sites. This is the so-called “piracy”, since in the same Play Market sometimes an application can be downloaded only by purchasing it. It is clear that this is not convenient for everyone, not for everyone.

It’s hard to call the app store of the Android or Windows Phone operating system convenient with one hundred percent probability. Sometimes you can spend quite a lot of time searching for the necessary program. Clicking on links, recommendations, etc., etc. - all this greatly interferes with productive search. But even so, it should be noted that it is still much more convenient to search for programs for Android in the application store. Another plus for the Android operating system, and the Window Phone suffers another micro-defeat.

Fifth parameter: batteries

Battery life is often the factor that users pay attention to first. And this is not at all surprising, because what is the point of super-performance of a device if it runs out of charge after just a couple of hours?

In fact, battery life is a problem that not only smartphone users, but also manufacturers themselves have been facing for a long time.

It's a tie between Android and Windows Phone here. Both types of devices are equipped with fairly capacious batteries, but due to unfinished operating systems, they also consume a proportional amount of energy. It is worth noting that there are third-party (and somewhere built into the OS architecture) applications that allow you to view reports on battery usage. The devices also have energy saving modes. They allow you to disable unused modules and close unnecessary applications. This saves battery.

Sixth parameter: system updates

Updates appear regularly for both Android and Windows Phone. These include local patches and major updates that correct a fairly large number of system errors. But control over software at Microsoft is much tighter than at Google. For Window Phone, updates, as for other operating systems, come out almost every 2-3 months. If Windows Phone is superior to Android in the area of ​​software updates, it is not by much.

Seventh parameter: “rootization” of the device

Many users wonder what is better - Android or Windows Phone, without even thinking about the issue of “rooting” these devices. First, let’s understand what “routization” is. This is the process of obtaining superuser rights. That is, a rooted device (from the word Root) provides the user with more functions and capabilities. Hacking in general is quite a labor-intensive task, but the easiest way to do it is on devices that are based on the Android operating system.

Conclusion

So, what did we find out during this article? The question of which is better, Android or Windows Phone, requires an integrated approach and analysis of a number of factors. As you can easily see, the design of these devices is quite similar. But the user interface is a completely different matter, and here the scales tip in favor of Android. In terms of price, the most affordable segment is also devices running the Android operating system. In general, these devices have a large number of bells and whistles that can be downloaded from digital stores. This, by the way, is another plus for Android.

So, the advantages of the Android operating system: strong hardware, attractive user interface, affordable price, many applications, utilities, games. Cons: weak batteries (in most cases), unfinished operating system (at the moment).

Pros of the Windows Phone operating system: strict business design and user interface, stable system operation, rare crashes, stronger battery. Cons: hardware not suitable for modern games, lack of a large number of applications.

People who value the ability to play on their device at any time more, and who need a phone for entertainment, should certainly make their choice in favor of a device running Android. And those who need functionality and need a phone for work should pay attention to Windows Phone. Thus, the question of which is better - Android or Windows Phone is closed.

What does the Russian market offer to those disappointed in iOS, Android and Windows Phone.

This graph shows the percentage distribution of mobile operating systems among smartphones sold. In the past five years the situation has changed a lot.

At the moment, BlackBerry OS (RIM) has a relatively high share of sales. But the time of this operating system is passing. New smartphones under the BlackBerry brand are released with Android. It is clearly visible that phones running alternative operating systems are practically not sold.

But they exist! The list of mobile operating systems on Wikipedia includes several dozen names. If we delete from it closed projects such as Symbian and Bada, and numerous firmware for Android, the list will significantly decrease. We will select from it systems, devices with which you can buy in Russia and tell you more about them.

Ubuntu Touch

The operating system for smartphones and tablets, Ubuntu Touch, was announced in early 2013. The project is being developed by Canonical LTD. Sometimes the system is called Ubuntu Phone OS.

When working on the interface, the creators of Ubuntu Touch tried to do something different from others. The OS has multiple screens that can be swiped in the same way as on Android. The first screen displays incoming calls, sms, mail and social network applications. The second displays the weather, nearby photos from Flickr and the latest articles from Wikipedia. And only on the third one can you get to the list of installed applications. And on the fourth screen the news suddenly appears. And on the fifth there is a music player. The transition between screens is carried out only sequentially. And there are enough similar strange bells and whistles in the system.

On desktop Ubuntu, icons for open programs are available in a vertical bar on the left side of the screen. There is a similar element in Ubuntu Touch. It's quite convenient.

The system comes pre-installed with 25 applications. If you are missing them, you can download others from the Ubuntu Store. OS developers strongly recommend using the Telegram messenger, since its philosophy largely coincides with the philosophy of Ubuntu Touch.

Most applications from the store are a link to the site, designed as an icon on the desktop. For example, the Instagram app is just a web page and does not have access to the camera.

You don't need to buy a separate smartphone to use Ubuntu Touch. It can be installed on some Android devices, for example, on Google Nexus tablets.

Yandex.Market found three gadgets on which this OS is available out of the box.

About a month ago, official sales began in Russia BQ Aquaris E5. A few retailers are asking about 15 thousand rubles for it. Here are its brief technical characteristics:

  • Number of SIM cards 2;
  • Weight 134 g;
  • Screen diagonal 5 inches;
  • Camera 13 million pixels;
  • Processor 1300 MHz;

Started selling earlier this year BQ Aquaris E4.5 for 13 thousand rubles:

  • Number of SIM cards 2;
  • Weight 123 g;
  • Screen diagonal 4.5 inches;
  • Camera 8 million pixels;
  • Wi-Fi 802.11n, Bluetooth 4.0, USB;
  • Processor 1300 MHz;
  • Built-in memory 8 GB;
  • RAM capacity 1 GB.

The Spanish company BQ entered the Russian market this fall. It produces smartphones, 3D printers and toy robots. The products are aimed at creative people who like to modify their gadgets. Most of the technology from BQ is open source.

The flagship product of a large Chinese smartphone manufacturer, Meizu X5, is widely known. This gadget in a metal case runs Android. But there is also Ubuntu Touch Edition, which costs almost 30 thousand rubles:

  • Number of SIM cards 1;
  • Weight 147 g;
  • Diagonal 5.36 inches;
  • Camera 20.70 million pixels;
  • Wi-Fi 802.11ac, Bluetooth 4.0, USB;
  • Octa-core MediaTek MT6595 processor;
  • Built-in memory 16 GB;
  • RAM capacity 2 GB;
  • Gravity sensor;
  • Infrared distance sensor.

Firefox OS

At the time of writing this article, it appeared that Mozilla would stop producing smartphones running Firefox OS. The operating system will be developed for other electronics. The phones are still sold in Russia. Their prices are significantly lower than for devices with other alternative mobile OS.

The system began to be developed by Mozilla in 2011 and was announced in the winter of 2013 at Mobile World Congress. The system interface is made in HTML5. Applications for Firefox OS are created exclusively using web technologies.

The logic of smartphone screens is similar to the Android operating system. Many programs are links to websites designed as application icons. If there is no Internet connection, then the smartphone is practically dead.

Briefly about phones running Firefox OS, we can say this: “Dialers with good browsers.” Numerous reviews of the system show that budget devices with Firefox OS are incapable of anything big.

Alcatel OneTouch FIRE E 6015X was announced back in 2013. You can buy it for 5 thousand rubles.

  • Number of SIM cards 1;
  • Weight 103 g;
  • Diagonal 4.5 inches;
  • Camera 5 million pixels;
  • Wi-Fi 802.11n, Bluetooth 3.0, USB;
  • FM radio;
  • Processor 1200 MHz, 2 cores;
  • Built-in memory 4 GB;
  • RAM capacity 512 MB;
  • There is a slot for memory cards.

ZTE Open with Firefox OS costs about 3 thousand rubles:

  • Number of SIM cards 1;
  • Diagonal 3.5 inches;
  • Camera 3.20 million pixels;
  • Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 2.1, USB;
  • Processor 1000 MHz;
  • Built-in memory capacity 512 MB;
  • RAM capacity 256 MB;
  • There is a slot for memory cards.

ZTE is one of the largest Chinese smartphone manufacturers. Many Russian mobile operators trust it to produce budget gadgets under their own brands. The cost of this company's products is extremely low. I assume that they sell smartphones not by piece, but by weight :-)

Sailfish OS

The operating system is being developed by the Finnish company Jolla. Sailfish OS was first presented at World Mobile Congress 2013. The core of the project team is made up of former Nokia employees who were previously working on the MeeGo project.

You can install regular Android applications on the operating system from Yandex.Store, which is in Jolla instead of Google Play. Also, by default, the phone has Nokia Here Maps and Jolla Store.

To speed up working with files, you can enable terminal mode on Sailfish OS. If some application you need is not in Yandex.Store, you can download it from the Internet or transfer the apk file from your computer to your phone via USB and start the installation.

At the moment, only one device running this OS is sold in Russia. Buy a smartphone Jolla JP-1301 possible for 18 thousand rubles. It has rather modest technical characteristics:

  • Number of SIM cards 1;
  • Weight 141 g;
  • Diagonal 4.5 inches;
  • Camera 8 million pixels;
  • Front camera 2 million pixels;
  • Wi-Fi 802.11n, Bluetooth 4.0, USB, NFC;
  • Processor 1400 MHz;
  • Built-in memory 16 GB;
  • RAM capacity 1 GB.

It is unlikely that anyone will have the desire to buy such a toy. But the system code is open and you can try to install Sailfish OS on some extra smartphone running Android.

Tizen

The development of the project is supervised by Intel and Samsung. The Tizen Association also includes LG U+, Panasonic and a dozen other major electronics manufacturers.

Tizen is installed on Samsung Gear 2 watches and Intel ultrabooks. There are rumors that sooner or later Tizen IVI will appear in KAMAZ dump trucks. At the moment, this operating system is being actively implemented in LandRover and Jaguar cars. There is also active development of a version of the system for wearable electronics - Tizen Wearable.

Applications for Tizen are developed using JavaScript, HTML5, CSS. But unlike Firefox OS, web technologies can be combined with the Tizen Native API and using them to create native applications that have access to the device's hardware.

Tizen Association does a lot to support budding application developers. The SDK is constantly updated, a lot of documentation and tutorials are written, and development competitions are regularly held. Tizen hackathons are held in major cities around the world. There were several such events in Moscow.

I assume that only this operating system, of all those described in the article, has a chance to capture at least 1% of the smartphone market in the next few years. Samsung specialists have enormous resources to develop a quality product and promote it. Canonical and Jolla are not strong enough to compete. Sooner or later they will go out of business just like Mozilla did recently.