Results of electric shock. Electric shock: how to provide first aid to a victim

To the question: If a person is hit by 220V, what could be the consequences and will he die??? given by the author Anastasia the best answer is * Electric shock to a person as a result of an electric shock can vary in severity, since the degree of damage is influenced by a number of factors: the magnitude of the current, the duration of its passage through the body, frequency, the path traversed by the current in the human body, as well as the individual properties of the victim (state of health, age, etc.). The main factor influencing the outcome of the lesion is the magnitude of the current, which, according to Ohm's law, depends on the magnitude of the applied voltage and the resistance of the human body. The magnitude of the voltage plays an important role, since at voltages of about 100 V and above, a breakdown of the upper stratum corneum of the skin occurs, as a result of which the electrical resistance of a person sharply decreases, and the current increases.
* Usually a person begins to feel the irritating effect of alternating current of industrial frequency at a current value of 1-1.5 mA and a direct current of 5-7 mA. These currents are called threshold sensible currents. They do not pose a serious danger, and with such a current a person can independently free himself from the influence. With alternating currents of 5-10 mA, the irritating effect of the current becomes stronger, muscle pain appears, accompanied by convulsive contraction. With currents of 10-15 mA, the pain becomes difficult to bear, and muscle cramps in the arms or legs become so strong that the person is unable to independently free himself from the action of the current. Alternating currents of 10-15 mA and above and direct currents of 50-80 mA and above are called non-releasing currents, and their smallest value of 10-15 mA at an industrial frequency voltage of 50 Hz and 50-80 mA at a constant source voltage is called the threshold non-releasing current.
* Power frequency alternating current of 25 mA or higher affects not only the muscles of the arms and legs, but also the muscles of the chest, which can lead to respiratory paralysis and cause death. A current of 50 mA at a frequency of 50 Hz causes rapid disruption of the respiratory system, and a current of about 100 mA or more at 50 Hz and 300 mA at a constant voltage in a short time (1-2 s) affects the heart muscle and causes fibrillation. These currents are called fibrillation currents. When the heart fibrillates, its function as a pump to pump blood stops. Therefore, due to a lack of oxygen in the body, breathing stops, i.e., clinical (imaginary) death occurs. Currents of more than 5 A cause paralysis of the heart and breathing, bypassing the stage of cardiac fibrillation. The longer the current flows through the human body, the more severe its results and the greater the likelihood of death.
* The path of the current is of great importance in the outcome of the lesion. The damage will be more severe if the heart, chest, brain and spinal cord are in the path of the current. The path of the current also has the meaning that for different cases of touch, the value of the resistance of the human body will be different, and, consequently, the value of the current flowing through it. The most dangerous paths for the passage of current through a person are: “head-arm”, “arm-legs”, “arm-arm”.

Answer from Decline[guru]
It's not the voltage that kills... It's the current that kills! 0.1A is considered lethal.

Answer from strip[master]
It was funny when I screwed the starter into a fluorescent lamp. Hand-to-hand, it slammed hard and threw me back. Cool. Safe for health.

Answer from Neuropathologist[newbie]
I personally was hit by 660 volts 0.04 amp. (660 old industrial voltage) lasted for about 0.7 seconds and it was beating through both hands, the feeling was not pleasant, then trembled for another 15 minutes but alive and well 220 anyway, like a side effect of production!! Source personal experience. I work as an electrician)

Answer from Alexander Green[guru]
I don’t remember how many times it hit me, 220 or more, while I’m still alive

Answer from YOB[expert]
He will not die, he will receive a qualified response to his unlawful actions regarding electric current and will receive a charge of vigor until the next electric shock

Answer from Di[active]
Electric shock depends on the strength of the current, but not on the voltage. if we mean the current used for domestic needs, then it has a voltage of 220V, a current of 0.01A. This current is, in principle, safe for human life. The degree of damage depends on the electrical resistance of the human body. And it is different for different people.

Answer from Kazantsev Ilya[guru]
I tried it on myself, nothing happened except burnt fingers!
and it's not about volts but amperes! If you are shocked by 5 amperes, then you’re all done dancing!

Answer from Qe qe[guru]
It’s not voltage that kills, it’s current; tenths of an ampere are enough to kill a person....

Answer from Maxim Salamatov[newbie]
The safety rules regulate:
0.05A - dangerous CURRENT!
0.1A - lethal current!
According to Ohm's law we consider:
I=U/R
220/1000=0.22A = Death!
1000 Ohm in PTB is the average resistance value of a person.
The greatest danger from electric shock is the resonance of the frequency of the current with the heart muscle, which can lead to cardiac arrest. The closer the frequency of the current is to the frequency of the heart, the more dangerous the injury.
In everyday life (at home, in the office), as a rule, people receive a thermal burn from an electric arc when a phase is short-circuited to zero, but serious injury is also possible. So there is a risk and it is very high, because there is no certainty that resonance will not occur.

Answer from Art[guru]
If it's 220, then nothing will happen. The only complaints were about high-voltage wires and transformer boxes.

Answer from KATYA PANCHENKO[active]
try. a little brain boost.

Answer from Imur Khanov[guru]
Depends, as said, on the conditions and characteristics of the body.
1) for an ordinary person, the passage of current through the heart area is deadly. This can happen even for a short time when touching the contacts with different hands - cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, loss of consciousness...
...
n) when touched by the fingers of one hand, (if the legs and other parts of the body are isolated), a spasm usually occurs, which throws the hand away and opens the circuit. Very unpleasant, but not fatal.
In other cases, exposure to high voltage for any length of time can cause burns, damage to the nervous system and other tissues... even fractures.
BETTER NOT TRY!

One type of injury is electric shock. Unfortunately, despite the fact that everyone knows about the dangers of devices and wires, this still occurs quite often. The most common electrical injuries occur at work. This applies to those activities in which people work with various technical devices and wiring. In addition, you can get an electric shock at home. In most cases this concerns children. Therefore, everyone should know what to do if they get an electric shock? After all, the faster help is provided, the lower the risk of complications.

Electric shock is one of the most dangerous types of injuries. If the device has high voltage and prolonged contact with the source, it can be fatal. Injury can occur due to various reasons. The most common of these is contact with a bare wire. This can happen to anyone, especially people who work with electricity. A bare wire is a particularly dangerous source of current. Most often, electricians come into contact with it when repairing meters, sockets, etc. In addition, you can get electrical injury from ordinary appliances that are used every day: hair dryer, kettle, mobile phone charger, microwave oven. Normally, all household appliances are not dangerous, since the wires have a protective layer. If it breaks, its integrity is compromised. This may result in exposed wires. Therefore, broken appliances must be removed and kept away from children! After all, despite the small dose of electricity, they can be dangerous to the child’s health. Another source of current is sockets.

You can get an electrical injury not only indoors, but also outdoors. Lightning is a natural source of current. When exposed to the human body, it can lead not only to burns, but also cause death.

Unfortunately, despite parental control, children are still exposed to electrical injuries. Most often this happens when kids try to put their fingers or iron objects into a socket. It is not always possible to see exactly how a child injured himself. Therefore, it is necessary to know the symptoms that will bother the baby after contact with current. First of all, these are painful sensations. Regardless of the strength and duration of contact with the exposed device, the child will get scared and start screaming. If the baby has been electrocuted in the hand, it is necessary to examine the surface of the skin. If there is local damage, "electrical signs" will be observed. They are gray or yellow spots with clear boundaries. There is pain when touching them. General electrical trauma is manifested by convulsive muscle contractions, in severe cases accompanied by loss of consciousness.

What to do if you get an electric shock: first aid

If there are signs of electrical injury, the person must be given immediate assistance. First, remove the source of tension from the body. Avoiding contact with electricity is the main measure. What to do if an electric shock strikes and a person loses consciousness? In this case, there is no need to panic. First you need to call an ambulance. After this, it is necessary to assess the condition of the victim. To do this, the status of vital signs is checked: pulse, blood pressure and respiration. If there is no heartbeat, resuscitation measures must be carried out immediately. These include:

Providing oxygen flow. You need to open the window, free your neck from tight clothing, and clean your mouth (if necessary).
Tilt the victim's head back and push the lower jaw forward.
Perform a closed heart massage: press the xiphoid process with clenched palms 30 times.
Cover your nose with one hand and blow air into the victim’s mouth 2 times.

These measures must be repeated until spontaneous breathing and heartbeat appear.

You need to know that first aid for an electric shock comes down to eliminating its source. Under no circumstances should you touch the victim or the exposed wire with your hands. You can eliminate the source in the following ways:

Turn off the electricity.
Cut the wire with an axe. In this case, you need to hold it by the wooden handle.

If it is not possible to eliminate the source of electricity using these methods, you can wrap your hands in a cloth and move the victim behind his clothes.

After the basic measures have been carried out, the burn areas should be treated. Electric shock always leaves 2 marks on the body. They need to be found and washed with running water for several minutes. “Current marks” should not be treated with an antiseptic solution, as this may increase the depth of the lesion. After washing, the skin should be wrapped with a cloth soaked in cold water.

Providing specialized assistance in case of electric shock

When all the measures have been completed, the question arises: what to do if you get an electric shock and first aid does not bring results? Regardless of how the victim feels, after removing the source of electricity, you need to call an ambulance. This is especially true in cases where a person has lost consciousness. In case of severe injuries, the victim is hospitalized. The hospital provides detoxification and symptomatic therapy. For convulsive syndrome, the drug “Diazepam” is administered.

Source: fb.ru

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Electric shock in a household electrical network is a popular question. Let's start with the fact that you have to try very hard to get an electric shock from an outlet. For example, insert a knitting needle or a straightened paper clip. Probably only small children who do not realize that it is dangerous will do this on purpose.

And let’s also remember the device of the socket. The socket has two or three pins, in Russia there are usually two. The first is phase, the second is zero. The third one, if there is one, is earth. If you touch zero, nothing will happen. If it is in phase, it will give you an electric shock. An indicator screwdriver or a multimeter will help you find the phase and zero in the socket.

You can get an electric shock from a household electrical appliance if it malfunctions or if you attempt an illiterate repair when the wiring is not de-energized. I had a case where I unplugged the computer power supply and then grabbed the plug with my hands and got an electric shock. This suggests that the block itself has some problems. After all, if the plug is removed from the socket, it should not cause electric shock if it is in good condition. The next time, after unplugging the plug from the socket, I touch it with a screwdriver, holding its insulated handle with my hand. If there was a spark, the person would be electrocuted if he touched it. But when the spark has already passed after touching the screwdriver, in the future this plug becomes safe until the next time it is plugged into the outlet.

The consequences of an electric shock depend more on the current than on the voltage. It’s one thing to touch the plug of a power supply that previously worked with a small load and consumed small currents - then there will be no electrical injury, but only an unpleasant sensation in which the hand reflexively withdraws. It’s another matter to touch the bare wire of a running electrical appliance with a large power consumption - here you can get injured.

Since the current in household electrical networks is alternating, at high currents or voltages, if you grab a bare wire, a person may not even be able to pull his hand away, because. current and voltage are variable. And here the degree of injury depends on the time of contact with the wire. Therefore, it is important to remove the contact first. If you see that a person has touched the wire and cannot unstick it, you need to remove the wire with an insulating object, such as a wooden stick. Do not touch a person under any circumstances, because You can also get an electric shock yourself.

Electric shock at 220 volts is dangerous for humans. This is not fatal, but it can create health problems. Your condition after an electric shock will depend on your physical condition (internal resistance).

no consequences
burnt
tachycardia,
heart failure.

As a bonus. I knew a man who checked the presence of voltage in the wiring with his hands and was often in the closet.

Let's start with the fact that the network is not 220 volts, but somewhat more, so in private homes I advise installing stabilizers that will protect against voltage surges. And your question is not accurate: the current is not 220 Volts, and the current is not measured in Volts, but the voltage changes in Volts. You have so many questions, I’ll start answering them.

220 AND 320 Volts are dangerous in themselves! Why is it dangerous? Yes, because it can cause death to a person, but this is an exception to the rule based on individual characteristics. Of course, 320 Volts (if you come under voltage between two phases) are more dangerous than 220, but again, electricity has many characteristics and everything depends on this.

There are no burns at 220, or at least I haven’t seen them. But at 320, sometimes these burns are more difficult to treat than a thermal burn. After an electric shock, a person is in a state of shock, so you need plenty of hot drinks and complete rest!

If your heart hurts after an electric shock, then you need to urgently consult a doctor, but if your arm hurts, then there is no urgency and you can wait a day and the pain may go away. Well, if it doesn’t go away, then consult a doctor.

And now the worst thing is 10,000! I have not yet met people who would survive such a blow, but they exist. What happens if a person is hit by 10,000 Volts?! The person will burn and die. It’s harsh, of course, but that’s the truth of life.

I can answer your question with examples. Everything will depend on the surrounding circumstances.

Let me start with the fact that after chemistry I naturally got an electric shock after contacting artificial clothing (putting it on/taking it off) and touching conductive material (static electricity).

I know a case where a man was electrocuted by a 220 V wiring; he was repairing an electric titanium and did something wrong (I personally would have turned off the power first). So he spent half a year in hospitals and barely recovered. My son also received an electric shock when he was a child; he managed to stick a knitting needle into a socket and get caught in the phase.

37 years ago I worked as an electrician and, while setting up ice sensor equipment, inadvertently received an electric shock from a reduction power take-off device. As they later said, there is 1000 V, but the current is weak. This is what saved me.

There are people who can easily withstand contact with 220 V and even hold a magneto wire in their hand (high voltage to create a spark in the internal combustion engine).

It is not the voltage that is dangerous, but the current passing through the body, and it depends on a huge number of parameters. Alternating current of 30 milliamps is considered dangerous. What is definitely very dangerous when touching a live conductor is a wet floor, wet hands, anything that reduces the electrical resistance of the body.

If a person is receiving an electric shock through his hand and there is nothing insulating at hand, you can push him hard with a running start or with a clenched fist so that your hand comes off the wire, then you will not get an electric shock. There is, of course, a risk of injuring a person, but this is less dangerous than prolonged exposure to tokayu

ATTENTION! If you see a fallen wire and a person is electrocuted although he is not holding on to anything, DO NOT approach him! This is the so-called step voltage that occurs when current leaks from a wire to ground. You can only jump on two legs brought together and try to push the person away with something insulated, such as dry clothes

In my life there have been two cases of electric shock of 220 volts.

The first time my tee did not fit into the socket, I decided to squeeze the plug of the tee so that it could fit through with my bare hands.

I grabbed the metal contacts of the tee and inserted it into the socket, the next thing I remember was how I was thrown back onto the sofa with the tee in my hand.

The next time I was helping a friend change the chandelier and he didn’t turn off the light. I was also thrown aside. The general feeling was incomprehensible and it was difficult to breathe.

I did not see a doctor and did not notice any particular health consequences.

But still, I think you need to look at the circumstances, and especially if something worries you after an electric shock, then be sure to consult a doctor.

A 220 V electric shock is fairly well tolerated by humans, although it is an unpleasant and painful sensation, but it can be fatal for sick or weakened people, and is also dangerous for small children.

Additionally, we can add that much depends on external circumstances. such as moisture (hands or floor), insulation (mittens, rubber soles) and even what exactly you touched the exposed wire with (arm, leg, side)

The way the current flows through your body also has a great influence and causes great harm; its movement from one hand to the other is considered the most dangerous, since the path passes through the heart.

You should be very careful with electrical devices and current.

First of all, the shock is not a 220 V current, but a current that will pass through your body if it (the body) falls under a voltage difference of 220 V. Actually, strictly speaking, the voltage in the outlet is not 220 V, but a sinusoidal alternating voltage with a frequency 50 Hz and an amplitude of about 311 V, relative to the neutral wire (or ground).

“Electric shock” only if one point of your body touches the phase wire, and the other touches the neutral wire, i.e. if you put a nail in both sockets of the socket and touch both nails. If you touch both nails. those. “close the circuit”, the result will largely depend on which points of the body you close the circuit with.

So if you close the circuit with one finger, you will most likely get a small burn on your finger, if you close it with two different fingers, you will get a fairly strong blow and burn both fingers. If you hold these nails with different hands, then a current from one hand to the other will pass through your body. Well, if only on the skin and shallow tissues, then you will get off with a good blow. What if the current passes through the heart? Then cardiac arrest and death are possible.

In our electrical networks, the neutral wire is “grounded”, i.e. has electrical contact with ground. The earth, too (especially damp, wet) is a good conductor, so if you touch the phase wire with one point of your body, and have contact with the ground with the other, then everything that is described above will happen about simultaneous contact with the phase and neutral wires.

But if you are standing on a wooden floor (parquet, linoleum), then you do not have direct contact with the ground, then touching the phase wire is not dangerous. In principle, if you are reliably isolated from the ground, then touching a phase wire that is even under a voltage greater than 311 V is completely safe. You may have seen electricians standing on car towers working on wires without protective equipment. This is because these towers (sites) are reliably isolated from the ground).

Well, and finally, one more point. Any physical body, including the human body, has some kind of capacity. And alternating current passes through the capacitance. Therefore, when a person, even isolated from the ground, comes into contact with a phase wire, due to this capacitance, a small current passes through the person’s body. This can be felt, for example, when screwing a light bulb into the socket, if the light bulb circuit is not disconnected from the network, and if earlier, during installation, the electricians connected the socket incorrectly, and a phase wire was connected to the base, then if you accidentally touch the base of the light bulb, you will be “jerked” . In principle, this is not dangerous, but you will feel the very fact of contact. To avoid such an unpleasant situation, even when replacing a “burnt out” light bulb, you must first turn it off with the switch.

Source: www.bolshoyvopros.ru

Electric shock: first aid, consequences after electric shock

Electrical injury refers to damage to organs and systems due to electric shock. The main causes of death from electric shock are respiratory arrest and cardiac arrest. After a strong electric shock, if a person survives, complications may develop from the cardiovascular, central nervous system, visual impairment, hearing impairment, etc.

Most often, accidents occur when:

ignorance or non-compliance with safety rules when using electrical appliances
faulty household appliances in everyday life, electrical equipment in enterprises
broken wires of high-voltage lines

The degree of damage to the human body depends on the way the current passes through the body, the strength and voltage of the current, the time of exposure, health status, age, as well as the timeliness of providing first aid to the victim.

electric shock (shock) - affects the entire body, it does not cause burns, but leads to respiratory and/or cardiac paralysis
electrical trauma - damage to external parts of the body: electrical signs, burns, metallization of the skin.

The effects of electric currents on the body

Thermal - due to the resistance of body tissues, electrical energy turns into thermal energy, causing electrical burns at characteristic points of entry and exit of current, which are called current signs. As thermal energy passes through tissue, it changes and destroys it.
Electrochemical - leads to thickening and gluing of blood cells, the movement of ions and a change in the charge of protein molecules, the formation of vapors and gases. The affected tissues take on a cellular appearance.
Biological - the functioning of the skeletal muscles of the heart, nervous and other systems is disrupted.

Symptoms of Electric Shock

An unexpected fall of a person on the street or an unnatural throwing away from a power source by an invisible force
Loss of consciousness, convulsions
Pronounced involuntary muscle contractions
Loss of neurological functions - memory loss, impaired understanding of speech and vision, impaired spatial orientation, changes in skin sensitivity, pupil reaction to light.
Ventricular fibrillation and respiratory arrest - irregular pulse and irregular breathing
Burns on the body with sharply defined boundaries/

These are areas of necrosis of external tissues at the points of entry and exit of electric current due to the transition of energy from electrical to thermal. Electrical burns are rarely limited to just marks on the skin; more often deeper tissues are damaged: muscles, tendons, bones. There are options when the lesion is localized under externally intact skin.

loss of consciousness of varying degrees and duration;
memory loss (retrograde amnesia);
convulsions;
weakness and weakness;
dizziness and headache;
violation of thermoregulation;
flickering in the eyes, blurred vision.

When nerves are damaged, sensitivity and motor activity in the limbs change, trophism is disrupted, and pathological reflexes arise. The passage of current through the brain leads to convulsions and loss of consciousness; in some cases, damage to the respiratory center leads to respiratory arrest.

High voltage current leads to profound disturbances in the activity of the central nervous system, inhibition of the respiratory center and regulation of cardiac activity, which leads to electrical lethargy, imaginary death, when it seems that breathing and heartbeat are absent, but in fact the activity of vital systems is reduced to a minimum. Timely initiation of resuscitation measures leads to successful restoration of systems operation.

In most cases, disruptions in cardiac activity of a functional nature are observed:

Electrical shock to the heart muscle can lead to disruption of contractile function, leading to fibrillation, when the myocardial fibers begin to contract in an irregular rhythm, and the heart cannot pump blood, which is equivalent in severity to cardiac arrest. Damage to blood vessels leads to bleeding.

Inhibition or cessation of respiratory activity occurs due to damage to the respiratory center in the brain. The passage of current through the lung tissue leads to contusion and rupture of the lungs.

Electrical injuries happen quite often at home and at work, because people are surrounded by a large number of devices. To avoid electric shock, you need to know as much as possible what electrical injury is, why it occurs, and what safety rules exist when working with various devices.

Electrical injury concept

Electrical injury is damage to organs and body systems caused by electric current. The first death from electric shock was recorded in Lyon, France, where a carpenter died after being struck by an alternating current generator. According to statistics, in modern Russia more than 30 thousand people die annually from such injuries. No one is immune from this danger, because electricity surrounds people everywhere. Most often, young men suffer from electric shock.

The human body is the best conductor of electrical energy. A person receives an electric shock when interacting with live parts of faulty equipment or as a result of failure to follow safety precautions. An electric shock of more than 1 mA is felt as painful.

You can get hurt without touching live elements, for example, due to a current leak or breakdown of the air gap when an electric arc is formed.

The severity of the injuries received depends on the nature of the current, the power of the discharge, the time of exposure, the place of contact, and the individual characteristics of the victim (health, age, body humidity).

Electric shock is one of the most dangerous injuries, as it can often result in death. Electrical injury occurs in many situations:

Types of electric shock

The classification of electric shock is based on the nature and degree of its impact on the human body. Depending on this they distinguish:

Main symptoms

If a person was electrocuted in front of loved ones or colleagues, then there can be no doubt about the diagnosis. The victim must be immediately sent to a medical facility. If the accident occurred when the wounded person was alone, then determine whether there was an electric shock, possible based on the following criteria:

Particular attention should be paid to affected children. Signs of an electric shock include heavy breathing, convulsions, extreme paleness, lethargy, or hyperactivity.

Help for the victim

Witnesses to the incident must first move the victim to a safe distance from the energy source. If a person grabs a bare wire and his hands cramp, then it is necessary to break the electrical circuit. First of all, you need to take care of the safety of those who came to help. Be sure to wear rubber gloves and boots, and also turn off the switch. The wire can be pulled to the side using a wooden stick. If the victim's clothes are wet, do not touch them with bare hands.

Having dragged a person to a safe place, you need to understand what condition he is in: whether the pulse is palpable, whether the heart is working.

If the victim is conscious, he is asked for his name, age and other data to understand that he has not lost his memory. A patient who has received an electrical injury must be taken to the hospital as soon as possible. The duration of recovery after an accident depends on the severity of the injury and on how correctly and quickly resuscitation measures were carried out.

Consequences of injury

In case of severe electric shock, death cannot be ruled out. Survivors of such trauma are usually in a coma. The victim is diagnosed with unstable functioning of the heart and respiratory system, convulsions, mechanical damage, hypovolemic shock, and renal failure.

The consequences of electric shock can affect the functioning of almost any organ in the human body. Electrical trauma provokes malfunctions of the heart and blood vessels, aggravates chronic diseases (for example, stomach and duodenal ulcers), causes pulmonary edema, loss of vision and hearing. When the heart muscle contracts, a heart attack cannot be ruled out.

No one can prevent malfunctions in the operation of electrical appliances. But to avoid serious injury, you should follow safety rules. In this case, the risk is significantly reduced.

Electrical injury– damage to organs and body systems under the influence of electric current.

The first mention of death from electric current was registered in 1879 in France, Lyon, a carpenter died from an alternating current generator.
In developed countries, the incidence of electric shock is on average about 2-3 cases per hundred thousand population.
Most often, young people of working age suffer from electric shock.
The mortality rate for men from electrical injuries is 4 times higher than for women.

The effect of electric current on the human body

Electric current has thermal, electrochemical and biological effects on humans.

Thermal impact: Electrical energy, encountering resistance from body tissues, turns into thermal energy and causes electrical burns. Mostly, burns occur at the point of entry and exit of current, that is, in places of greatest resistance. As a result, the so-called current marks or signs. Thermal energy, converted from electrical energy, destroys and changes tissue along its path.
Electrochemical effect:“gluing”, thickening of blood cells (platelets and leukocytes), movement of ions, change in protein charges, formation of steam and gas, giving tissues a cellular appearance, etc.
Biological action: disruption of the nervous system, disruption of cardiac conduction, contraction of the skeletal muscles of the heart, etc.

What determines the severity and nature of electrical injury?

Factors of electric shock:

Type, strength and voltage

Alternating current is more dangerous than direct current. At the same time, low-frequency currents (about 50-60 Hz) are more dangerous than high-frequency ones. The frequency of the current used in everyday life is 60 Hz. As the frequency increases, the current flows across the surface of the skin, causing burns, but not death.
The most significant is the strength and voltage of the electric current.

The body's response to the passage of alternating current
Current strength	How does the victim feel?
0.9-1.2 mA	The current is barely noticeable
1.2-1.6 mA	Feeling of "goosebumps" or tingling
1.6-2.8 mA	Feeling of heaviness in the wrist
2.8-4.5 mA	Stiffness in the forearm
4.5-5.0 mA	Convulsive contraction of the forearm
5.0-7.0 mA	Convulsive contraction of the shoulder muscles
15.0-20 mA	It's impossible to take your hand off the wire
20-40 mA	Very painful muscle cramps
50-100 mA	Heart failure
More than 200 mA	Very deep burns

High voltage current (over 1000 volts) causes more severe damage. High voltage electric shock can occur even when one step away from the current source (“voltaic arc”). As a rule, deaths occur as a result of high-voltage injuries. Low-voltage electric shocks are mostly common in households, and fortunately, the percentage of deaths from low-voltage electric shocks is lower than from high-voltage injuries.

The path of current through the body

The path that current takes through the body is called a current loop. The most dangerous is a full loop (2 arms - 2 legs), in which the current passes through the heart, causing disruptions in its functioning until it stops completely. The following loops are also considered dangerous: hand-head, hand-hand.

Current duration

The longer the contact with the current source, the more pronounced the damage and the higher the likelihood of death. When exposed to high voltage current, due to a sharp muscle contraction, the victim can be immediately thrown away from the current source. At lower voltages, muscle spasm may cause prolonged hand gripping of the conductor. As the time of exposure to current increases, the resistance of the skin decreases, so the victim’s contact with the current source should be stopped as soon as possible.

Environmental factors

The risk of electric shock increases in damp and damp rooms (bathrooms, bathhouses, dugouts, etc.).

The outcome of electrical trauma also largely depends on age and body condition at the moment of defeat

The severity of the lesion increases: childhood and old age, fatigue, exhaustion, chronic diseases, alcohol intoxication.

Degrees of electric shock

Electric Shock Hazard or consequences of electric shock

System	Consequences
Nervous system	Possible: loss of consciousness of varying duration and degree, loss of memory about the events that occurred (retrograde amnesia), convulsions. In mild cases, the following are possible: weakness, flickering in the eyes, weakness, dizziness, headache. Sometimes nerve damage occurs, which leads to impaired motor activity in the limbs, impaired sensitivity and tissue nutrition. There may be a violation of thermoregulation, the disappearance of physiological and the appearance of pathological reflexes. The passage of electric current through the brain leads to loss of consciousness and seizures. In some cases, the passage of current through the brain can cause breathing to stop, which often causes death due to electric shock. When exposed to high voltage current, the body can develop a deep disorder of the central nervous system with inhibition of the centers responsible for breathing and cardiovascular activity, leading to “imaginary death”, the so-called “electrical lethargy”. This is manifested by invisible respiratory and cardiac activity. If resuscitation efforts in such cases are started on time, in most cases they are successful.
The cardiovascular system	Cardiac dysfunction in most cases is functional in nature. Disturbances manifest themselves in the form of various heart rhythm disturbances (sinus arrhythmia, an increase in the number of heart contractions - tachycardia, a decrease in the number of heart contractions - bradycardia, heart blockades, extraordinary heart contractions - extrasystole;). The passage of current through the heart can disrupt its ability to contract as a single unit, causing the phenomenon of fibrillation, in which the cardiac muscle fibers contract separately and the heart loses its ability to pump blood, which amounts to cardiac arrest. In some cases, the electric current can damage the wall of blood vessels, leading to bleeding.
Respiratory system	The passage of an electric current through the respiratory center located in the central nervous system can cause inhibition or complete cessation of respiratory activity. If injured by high voltage current, bruises and ruptures of the lungs are possible.
Sense organs	Tinnitus, hearing loss, tactile disorder. Possible ruptures of the eardrums, injuries to the middle ear with subsequent deafness (if exposed to high voltage current). When exposed to bright light, damage to the visual apparatus may occur in the form of keratitis, choroiditis, and cataracts.
Striated and smooth muscles	The passage of current through muscle fibers causes them to spam, which can manifest as cramps. Significant contraction of skeletal muscles by electric current can lead to fractures of the spine and long bones. Spasm of the muscular layer of blood vessels can lead to increased blood pressure or the development of myocardial infarction due to spasm of the coronary vessels of the heart.
Causes of death: The main causes of death in electrical accidents are cardiac arrest and respiratory arrest as a result of damage to the respiratory center.
Long-term complications: The effect of electric current can cause long-term complications. Such complications include: damage to the central and peripheral nervous system (inflammation of the nerves - neuritis, trophic ulcers, encephalopathy), the cardiovascular system (disturbances in heart rhythm and conduction of nerve impulses, pathological changes in the heart muscle), the appearance of cataracts, hearing impairment, etc. Electrical burns can heal with the development of deformities and contractures of the musculoskeletal system. Repeated exposure to electric current can lead to early arteriosclerosis, obliterating endarteritis and persistent autonomic changes.

Electric shock sign or electrotag

Electric tag– areas of tissue necrosis at the points of entry and exit of electric current. They arise due to the transition of electrical energy into thermal energy.
Form	Color	Characteristic signs	Photo
Round or oval, but can also be linear. Often there is a ridge-like elevation along the edges of the damaged skin, while the middle of the mark appears slightly sunken. Sometimes the top layer of skin may peel away in the form of blisters, but without fluid inside, unlike thermal burns.	Usually lighter than surrounding tissue - pale yellow or grayish white.	The marks are completely painless due to damage to the nerve endings. Deposition of conductor metal particles on the skin (copper - blue-green, iron-brown, etc.). When exposed to a low voltage current, metal particles are located on the surface of the skin, and when exposed to a high voltage current, they spread deep into the skin. The hair in the area of the marks is twisted into a spiral, maintaining its structure.
Electrical burns are not always limited to marks on the skin. Quite often, damage to deeper tissues occurs: muscles, tendons, bones. Sometimes the lesions are located under apparently healthy skin.

Help with electric shock

The consequences of electric shock largely depend on the provision of timely assistance.

Should you call an ambulance?

There are cases of sudden death a few hours after an electric shock. Based on this, any victim of an electric shock must be taken to a specialized hospital, where, if necessary, emergency assistance can be provided.

Steps to help with electric shock

Stop the impact of the current on the victim, following the established rules. Open the electrical circuit using a circuit breaker or switch, or unplug the plug from the outlet. Remove the current source from the victim using insulating objects (wooden stick, chair, clothing, rope, rubber gloves, dry towel, etc.). You should approach the victim wearing rubber or leather shoes on a dry surface or placing a rubber mat or dry boards under your feet.

In the case of a current source above 1000 volts, special safety measures must be taken to save the victim. To do this, you need to work in rubber shoes, rubber gloves, and use insulating pliers for the appropriate voltage.
If necessary, drag the victim away from the zone of action of the “step voltage” (at a distance of up to 10 m), holding him by a belt or dry clothing, without touching open parts of the body.

Determine the presence of consciousness

Take them by the shoulders, shake them (do not do this if you suspect a spinal injury), and ask loudly: What’s wrong with you? Do you need help?

Assess the state of cardiac and respiratory activity. And if necessary, carry out resuscitation measures according to the ABC algorithm (closed cardiac massage, artificial ventilation (mouth-to-mouth breathing)).

ABC algorithm	What to do?	How to do?
A	Clear the airways	It is necessary to perform a number of techniques to move the root of the tongue away from the back wall and thus remove the obstacle to the air flow. The palm of one hand is placed on the forehead, with 2 fingers of the other hand the chin is raised, pushing the lower jaw forward and upward, while throwing the head back. (if a spinal injury is suspected, do not tilt the head back)
IN	Check if there is breathing	Lean towards the victim’s chest and determine whether there is breathing movement in the chest. If it is visually difficult to determine whether there is breathing or not. You can bring a mirror to your mouth or nose, which will fog up if there is breathing, or you can bring a thin thread, which will deflect if there is breathing.
WITH	Determine if pulse	The pulse is determined on the carotid artery, with the fingers bent at the phalanges.
At the modern stage of medicine, it is recommended to begin resuscitation actions from point C - indirect cardiac massage, then A - release of the airways and B - artificial respiration.
If breathing and pulse are not detected, you need to start resuscitation measures: Indirect cardiac massage, 100 compressions per minute on the chest (with an amplitude for adults of 5-6 cm and with full expansion of the chest after each compression). To carry out manipulations, the patient must lie on a flat, hard surface. The point of placement of the hands during the massage should be located on the chest between the nipples, the shoulders should be directly above the palms, and the elbows should be fully straightened. Breathing mouth to mouth 2 breaths every 30 chest compressions. If it is impossible to perform mouth-to-mouth breathing, only indirect cardiac massage can be performed. Resuscitation efforts should continue until the ambulance arrives. The optimal time to start resuscitation is 2-3 minutes after cardiac arrest. The practical limit of resuscitation is 30 minutes, with the exception of victims in cold temperatures. The effectiveness of resuscitation actions is assessed by the color of the victim’s skin (pinkness of the face, disappearance of cyanosis).
Drug treatment. If measures are unsuccessful within 2-3 minutes, 1 ml of 0.1% adrenaline is administered (intravenously, intramuscularly or intracardially), a solution of calcium chloride 10% - 10 ml, a solution of strophanthin 0.05% - 1 ml diluted in 20 ml of a 40% solution glucose.
If there is breathing, the victim must be placed in a stable lateral position and wait for the ambulance to arrive.

4. Dry gauze or contour bandages should be applied to the burned surfaces. The application of ointment dressings is contraindicated.

5. If the victim is conscious, before the ambulance arrives, if necessary, you can give painkillers (analgin, ibuprofen, etc.) and/or a sedative (tincture of valerian, persen, ankylosing spondylitis, etc.).

6. The victim should be transported only in a lying position and covered warmly.

Treatment in hospital

All victims with symptoms of shock are hospitalized in the intensive care unit.
Victims without signs of electrical or burn shock with limited electrical burns are hospitalized in surgical wards. According to indications, burn wounds are cleaned, bandaged, and medicated (cardiac and antiarrhythmic drugs, vitamins, etc.). If necessary, complex surgical interventions are performed to restore the integrity and functional capacity of damaged tissues and organs.
Victims without local lesions, even in satisfactory condition, require hospitalization in the therapeutic department for further observation and examination. Since there are known cases of delayed complications, both from the cardiovascular system (cardiac arrest, cardiac arrhythmia, etc.), and from other systems (nervous, respiratory, etc.).
People who have suffered an electrical injury often require long-term rehabilitation. Since the effect of electric current can cause long-term complications. Such complications include: damage to the central and peripheral nervous system (inflammation of the nerves - neuritis, trophic ulcers, encephalopathy), the cardiovascular system (disturbances in heart rhythm and conduction of nerve impulses, pathological changes in the heart muscle), the appearance of cataracts, hearing impairment, as well as functions of other organs and systems.

Protection against electric shock

The best protection against electric shock is to keep your head on your shoulders. It is necessary to clearly know all the requirements and safety rules when working with electric current, use the necessary personal protective equipment and be extremely careful when performing any work with electrical installations.

Means of protection:

Insulating pads and supports;
Dielectric carpets, gloves, galoshes, caps;
Portable grounding;
Tools with insulated handles;
Use of screens, partitions, chambers for protection against electric current;
Use of special protective clothing (type Ep1-4);
Reduce the time spent in the danger zone;
Safety posters and signs.

Safety requirements

You should only approach live parts at a distance equal to the length of the insulating part of the electrical protective equipment.
It is mandatory to use an individual shielding set of clothing when working in open switchgear with voltages of 330 kV and above.
In electrical installations with voltages above 1000V, using a voltage indicator requires the use of dielectric gloves when working in electrical devices above 1000V.
When a thunderstorm is approaching, all work on switchgear must be stopped.

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The main factor determining the outcome of an electric shock to a person is the amount of current flowing through him. The effect of electric current on the human body up to 0.5 mA is not felt. A person begins to feel the impact of a current passing through him of 0.6-1.5 mA at an industrial frequency of 50 Hz and 5-7 mA direct current. Such currents are usually called threshold perceptible.

The threshold perceptible current does not cause damage to a person. However, its action can become an indirect cause of an accident, since a person, having felt the impact of the current, loses confidence in his safety (especially when working at height).

The exact safe current values have not been established, but in practice it is limited to 50 μA at 50 Hz alternating current and 100 μA at direct current.

An increase in current above the threshold of tangible currents causes muscle cramps and painful sensations in a person, which intensify with increasing current.

With an alternating current of 10-15 mA at 50 Hz, a person cannot take his hands off the electrodes and cannot independently break the circuit of the current that strikes him. This current is called threshold non-releasing current. At constant current, the threshold non-releasing current is 50-80 mA.

A current is considered to be releasing, the value of which is less than the threshold of non-releasing currents.

Electrocution and injury from electric current are possible at voltages of different magnitudes. Most accidents occur at the most common voltages of 380 and 220 V. There are known cases of injury at a voltage of 65 V (during electric welding). The literature on electrical safety describes cases of damage at lower voltages.

In industry, voltages considered safe for powering portable lighting and tools are 12 and 42 (36) V, and for electric welding - 65 V. Electric shock at these voltages (subject to safety precautions) is possible only under a combination of particularly unfavorable conditions and circumstances, the probability which are small.

The outcome of electric shock largely depends on the physical and mental state of the person. The electrical resistance of the body of a person who is intoxicated or nervous, as well as with skin defects, is significantly reduced.

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Pre-medical first aid measures for electric shock

Before you begin directly providing assistance, you should assess the situation. The victim may still be exposed to the electrical current and may not be safe to touch.

It is advisable to immediately turn off the electrical source that caused the injury. If this is not possible, the source (usually a high-voltage wire) should be moved away from the victim using a dry, low-conductivity object. This could be a sheet of cardboard, a dry tree branch, or a plastic stick. Only after this can assistance activities begin.

The algorithm of actions of a rescuer providing first aid in case of electric shock is as follows:

It is necessary to ensure the presence of breathing and cardiac activity. If there is no pulse in the carotid artery and the person is not breathing, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be started immediately (mouth-to-mouth breathing, mouth-to-nose breathing, chest compressions);
If the victim is breathing, he should be positioned so that his head is lower than his legs (legs should be slightly elevated). This is a necessary anti-shock measure;
Areas of the body damaged by a burn or secondary injury from a fall should be covered with a clean cloth to prevent infection. A sterile bandage or gauze is best suited for this purpose; if they are not available, a clean linen towel, sheet, or shirt. Do not use fluffy fabrics such as cotton wool, terry towels or wool blankets;
Further measures include maintaining the victim’s life until the ambulance arrives. In the cold season, it is necessary to ensure that frostbite does not occur, and in the hot season - overheating.

If the victim is conscious, it must be borne in mind that electrical trauma can cause damage to the nervous system, including the brain, and also that not all symptoms of damage necessarily appear immediately.

Can't do without medical help

The peculiarity of damage from electric shock is its depth and impact on almost all tissues and organs located along the electrical loop. That’s why, even if at first glance it seems that everything went well, you should under no circumstances refuse hospitalization and a medical examination. Even if the victim himself believes that first aid for an electric shock was sufficient, rescuers must insist on an immediate visit to a doctor. Otherwise, it is possible that organs and tissues that have been subjected to electrical trauma will work with gradually increasing disturbances, which can lead to the death of a person who has received a seemingly non-fatal electric shock several days after the injury.

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Statistics show that out of 140 thousand accidents associated with electric shock, only one is fatal. The rest of the victims were saved by timely assistance. For first aid in case of electric shock to give a positive result, it must be provided correctly.

Consequences of exposure to current on the human body

The human body is designed in such a way that it can conduct electric current. A person standing on the ground, touching an electrical wire, becomes a conductor between him and the ground. If you grasp the wire with both hands, the current will enter through one palm, pass through the entire body and exit from the palm of the other hand.

The result of current passing through the body is damage to soft tissues. Visible damage to the body is expressed by burns, and not only in the place where the current entered, but also where it came out. That is, the palms of both hands will receive burns.

Human muscles become the object of invisible damage. If a person briefly touches an electrical wire and manages to throw it, a sensation of short-term pain similar to a blow will appear in the muscles. Prolonged contact with a live object will lead to convulsive muscle contractions and paralysis. This will prevent a person from independently freeing himself from the source of the lesion, since cramped palms cannot be unclenched in order to throw, for example, a bare wire.

Prolonged exposure to current leads to loss of consciousness. The result of not providing timely assistance will be hypoxia, expressed by a complete stop of the heartbeat.

Assistance in case of short-term electric shock

Short-term exposure to electric current can pass without consequences, even without leaving traces of a burn. But the absence of visible lesions does not mean that the human body itself is functioning without failure. Such a victim needs to be observed for some time. If the result of observation shows the following symptoms, you should immediately seek help from a doctor:

frustration or short-term loss of consciousness;
disruption of normal sensory function, such as difficulty swallowing or breathing.

Sometimes the result of the lesion can be only visible burns of the body. This situation also requires immediate contact with a medical center.

Providing emergency assistance in case of electric shock

A person who has received a shock from prolonged exposure to current needs more serious help. But before it is provided, the person must be freed from tension.

Release from a live object

Convulsive contraction of muscles often occurs from low-voltage electric shock. Taking the bare wire in your hands, your palms squeeze it tightly, as if they were sticking. It is not always possible to free yourself, so first aid begins with de-energizing the energized object:

When you see a person under voltage, the first thing you need to do is quickly look around to identify the presence of switches or other disconnecting devices and turn off the power to the electrical line. If the victim is at a height, it is necessary to prevent him from falling. After de-energizing the line, the person is immediately lowered to the ground, where first aid will be provided;
An outsider cannot know the location of switches on the site. If a quick search does not produce results, you can release the victim from the voltage by breaking the electrical network. You need to find the current supply wire and cut it with an ax taken from the fire shield. If several wires are identified, they must be cut separately at some distance from each other so that a short circuit does not form. When using an ax, you need to pay attention to its handle. It should only be made of wood, otherwise the person saving the victim will also be electrocuted;
You can release the victim from tension by pulling him to the side. You can't take it by the body. You can pull it away by grabbing it with one hand by dry clothes. If upon inspection the clothing appears wet, it is necessary to find any dielectric object and adapt it to free the victim. This can be a dry wooden board, rubber hose, rope or other suitable object. Finally, you can try to push the wires away from the victim with a dry long stick;
Current can pass through the human body into the ground, especially if the soil is damp. A dry wooden object placed under the feet will help isolate the victim.

First aid must be provided quickly, since even 220 volts can be fatal to the victim. The person providing assistance must protect themselves from electric shock. You can protect yourself with rubber shoes and gloves. As a last resort, throw rubber mats on the ground under your feet.

First aid

After releasing the victim, check his pulse and breathing. The presence of breathing in an unconscious state indicates that the person should be laid on his side and an ambulance should be called. The absence of a pulse, breathing and greatly dilated pupils indicate the onset of clinical death. While the medical service arrives, emergency assistance must be provided no later than 5 minutes after death occurs. During this time, the central nervous system does not yet die, but continues to function. Emergency care consists of cardiac massage and artificial respiration.

Perform artificial respiration in this order:

The victim is placed on his back, freed from tight clothing and placed under the shoulder blades.
The oral cavity is cleaned of foreign objects and vomit.
The person providing assistance puts one hand under the victim’s neck and presses the forehead with the other. This helps lift your chin and open your mouth.
Leaning against the victim's mouth, the rescuer with a sharp exhalation fills his chest with air. During exhalation, the victim’s nose should be covered with the fingers of the hand holding the forehead.
When the chest rises from the pumped air, the victim’s head is turned to the side so that exhalation occurs.

In one minute, make up to twelve blows every five seconds. If the jaw is severely compressed by an electric shock, artificial respiration is performed from the mouth to the nose. The return of consciousness and the natural color of the skin indicates the positive results of the assistance provided.

In case of electric shock, assistance in the form of closed cardiac massage will be needed to restore blood circulation.

Rescue actions are carried out in the following order:

During artificial respiration, the victim is given two sharp blows of air into the mouth.
The person providing assistance places crossed palms on the lower part of the victim’s chest and, with sharp pressure, moves the chest about 4 cm.
One chest compression should last no more than 0.5 seconds. A similar time is maintained between each press, while the hands are not removed from the victim’s chest.
The blowing-massage ratio depends on the number of people providing assistance. One person makes two blows and fifteen compressions. It is common for two rescuers to make five presses per injection.
Stop the massage after the heart has recovered, as indicated by a well-palpable pulse. Artificial respiration is continued until breathing returns to normal.

Timely first aid in the event of an electric shock will save the life of the victim. Before the ambulance arrives, the person must be given a painkiller and rest.

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One of the key elements of first aid for electric shock is its timeliness. The sooner help is provided, the better the outcome. That is why such assistance is obliged to be provided by the one who is near the victim at that moment. The main criteria for success are: composure, intelligence, quick reaction, knowledge and skills of the person providing assistance.

The process of providing it consists of two steps:

Termination of exposure to electricity and release of the victim.
Providing first aid in case of electric shock before the arrival of a specialist.

How to free a victim from the effects of current?

Touching current conductors in most cases generates a reflexive convulsive contraction of the muscles. Because of this, the victim cannot call for help, as the vocal cords spasm. It is especially unsafe to pass current through the heart muscle and brain, because it can cause cardiac and respiratory arrest.

When a person grabs the wire with his hands, as often happens when exposed to low voltage current, his limbs cramp so severely that release is not possible. The victim seems to be “chained” to live parts. Therefore, the first step of the rescuer is to turn off the electrical appliance that the electrocuted person touches. De-energization is carried out using switches and other disconnecting devices. If everything happened at a height, then de-energizing the device may cause the victim to fall.

What to do if you get an electric shock in this case? It is necessary to take measures to prevent a fall, begin resuscitation efforts and lower the person to the ground for effective resuscitation.

Sometimes it is not immediately possible to turn off a device that is energized, then other actions must be taken to free it. For example, you can break the electrical circuit passing through the victim by cutting the wires. To do this, you need to use an ax with a handle made of wood or other tools with insulated handles. Each wire is cut separately at a certain distance from each other.

The person providing first aid can pull the victim by the dry clothes using one hand. If your clothes are wet, you must use a rope, baton, hose, or any object that does not conduct electricity to rescue you. When current passes through the body into the ground, you need to place a dry board under the victim’s feet as an insulating material. This must be done quickly, as the consequences of an electric shock of 220 volts or higher can be serious. To protect yourself, you need to protect your hands with gloves, put galoshes or boots on your feet, and throw something rubber over the victim.

First aid for electric shock

Of course, medicine has many good means for qualified assistance to people who have suffered from various accidents and injuries. But medical assistance sometimes cannot urgently arrive at the scene of a tragedy. Therefore, every person should know what to do in case of electric shock. After pulling the victim away from the voltage source, you need to carry out a careful inspection. In case of severe general phenomena, which are accompanied by the development of a state of imaginary death or “electric lethargy,” first aid should be immediately provided for electric shock.

Very often, when receiving an electrical injury, death is clinical. Taking into account that it is not so easy to immediately decide what kind of death it is - clinical or imaginary, it is advisable to take resuscitation actions. When first aiding an electric shock, it is recommended to begin within the first 5 minutes after the incident, when the central nervous system is still functioning. Absence of pulse, breathing, consciousness, cyanosis of the skin and dilated pupils are signs indicating clinical death. In this case, closed cardiac massage and artificial respiration continue until vital activity is resumed or until obvious symptoms of death occur.

First aid for electric shock consists of a specific algorithm of actions:

In order to begin performing artificial respiration, the victim must be placed with his back on a flat surface and freed from restrictive clothing, using a cushion under the shoulder blades.
Remove dentures and vomit from the oral cavity to free the upper respiratory tract.
The person providing first aid is positioned near the victim’s head, puts one hand under his cervical spine, and places the palm of the other limb on his forehead. During these actions, the chin rises and the mouth opens.
The person carrying out the rescue operation leans towards the face of the person affected by the current, inhales deeply with an open mouth, clasps the victim’s lips with his mouth and exhales vigorously. At the same time, you should cover his nose with your cheek or the fingers of the hand that is on the forehead.
You must also not lose sight of how the chest moves. When it rises, the air injection must be stopped and the victim’s head turned to the side. At this point, the electrocuted person is expected to exhale passively.

With a functioning heart, such actions quickly improve the condition, the skin returns to its natural color, pulsation appears, and it becomes possible to determine blood pressure. Thus, 10-12 injections should be carried out in one minute every 5-6 seconds. It happens that when receiving an electric shock, the jaw is strongly compressed, then first aid is carried out using the “mouth to nose” method until full, deep and rhythmic breathing is achieved.

First aid for an electric shock is provided not only when breathing stops, but also when there is a circulatory disorder, when the heart does not ensure the movement of blood through the vessels. Blood will come out of the heart cavity almost the same as during natural contraction when indirect cardiac massage is applied. Using this technique when receiving an electric shock, you need to know what to do, that is, how to carry out the procedure correctly.

Indoor cardiac massage as first aid for electric shock also has a specific algorithm:

If the rescue operation is carried out by one person, he should stand next to the victim and, bending over, make 2 quick intense blows of air into the lungs.
While remaining near the victim, you should place your palms on the lower third of the chest so that the palm of one hand is on top and across the palm of the other hand. The fingers do not touch the victim’s body.
Keeping his arms straight at the elbows, the person conducting the rescue operation, slightly tilting his body, must quickly and intensely press on the sternum to shift it by 3-4 cm. The duration of the pressure should not exceed 0.5 seconds. The same is the time interval between individual pressures.
Hands are not removed from the chest during pauses.
The massage is stopped as soon as cardiac activity resumes and the pulse begins to be clearly felt, while artificial respiration is continued. In the case when first aid for an electric shock is carried out by one person, the blowing-massage ratio is 2:15, if two people are involved, then 1:5. Artificial respiration is stopped when the ability to breathe is restored.

What should you not do if you receive an electric shock? It is strictly forbidden to bury the victim with soil. Such philistine help makes no sense and is even harmful. Instillation delays the time for providing effective assistance, and also causes additional unfavorable conditions. As a result, breathing may become worse and blood circulation may become difficult.

After the arrival of the ambulance team, which must determine the order of the next resuscitation measures, the victim is transported to the hospital.

Consequences of electric shock 220 volts

If first aid for an electric shock at the pre-medical stage was provided correctly, then the prognosis for survivors of the acute period of electrical injury is in many cases good. But all episodes of general electrical damage must be hospitalized, which is associated with the risk of delayed arrhythmia. Mild electrical injuries may cause headache and weakness. Memory lapses are possible.

The consequences of a 220-volt electric shock include ventricular fibrillation and respiratory arrest, which can cause delayed sudden death. Persistent paresis or paralysis of the nerves with motor and sensory impairments are not uncommon. In some people, neurological symptoms may not become apparent until several years after the electrical injury. Persons with damp skin, cardiovascular insufficiency, overwork or intoxication suffer it more severely. The list of consequences from a 220 volt electric shock also includes:

Brain swelling;
Kidney damage;
Impaired consciousness;
Metabolism;
Encephalopathy;
Mental oppression;
Asthenia of the body.

These disorders tend to persist for a long time and lead to loss of ability to work.

Compared to other injuries, electrical trauma has a high mortality rate and severity of injury. Therefore, first aid in case of electric shock must be correct and quickly organized.

Electric shock causes electrical injury - a special type of injury that is different from all others. Most often, electricians are exposed to electric shock, due to their professional activities, and children, due to their curiosity and lack of attention from adults.

The greatest danger from electric shock is its effect on the heart muscle. It is known that contraction of the heart muscle occurs under the influence of low-power electricity generated by the body itself. A powerful charge from the outside causes a malfunction of the heart, which can result in arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation and atrial paralysis, followed by death.

In addition, electrical trauma causes a burn, the severity of which may not be immediately correctly assessed, since electrical burns are specific - they do not spread superficially, as in the case of fire, but to a considerable depth, affecting subcutaneous fatty tissue, muscles, blood vessels, nerve endings and even bones . At the same time, the external manifestations of electrical burns are very small.

Another traumatic factor is that when struck by a significant electric current, a person is thrown back, i.e. Electrical trauma is often accompanied by mechanical trauma – limb fractures, bruises, sprains and ruptures of soft tissue.

Taking into account all the listed factors, it becomes clear that electrical trauma is a very serious type of damage to the body; it is very difficult for a non-specialist to assess the extent of damage, and there is an immediate threat to the life of the victim. Therefore, as part of providing first aid in case of electric shock, you should call a doctor or emergency team to the scene of the incident as soon as possible. The severity of the electrical injury is assessed and treated in a hospital setting.

Pre-medical first aid measures for electric shock

Before you begin directly providing assistance, you should assess the situation. The victim may still be exposed to the electrical current and may not be safe to touch.

The algorithm of actions of a rescuer providing first aid in case of electric shock is as follows:

It is necessary to ensure the presence of breathing and cardiac activity. If there is no pulse in the carotid artery and the person is not breathing, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be started immediately (mouth-to-mouth breathing, mouth-to-nose breathing, chest compressions);
If the victim is breathing, he should be positioned so that his head is lower than his legs (legs should be slightly elevated). This is a necessary anti-shock measure;
Areas of the body damaged by a burn or secondary injury from a fall should be covered with a clean cloth to prevent infection. A sterile bandage or gauze is best suited for this purpose; if they are not available, a clean linen towel, sheet, or shirt. Do not use fluffy fabrics such as cotton wool, terry towels or wool blankets;
Further measures include maintaining the victim’s life until the ambulance arrives. In the cold season, it is necessary to ensure that frostbite does not occur, and in the hot season - overheating.