Reforming the housing and communal services system. When management organizations and homeowners associations must install an online cash register Housing and communal services reform technical support
Housing and communal services reform in Russia is not a new concept and most Russians are already familiar with the process of its implementation. Do all citizens know what is behind the concept of “Housing and Communal Services Reform”, how long will it last and what is the final goal of the entire program? We will answer these and many other important questions within the framework of the topic “All about housing and communal services reform.”
The concept of housing and communal services
It is a complex of enterprises and services serving the population of cities, villages, etc.
Housing and communal services (Housing and communal services) are services provided to consumers living in housing stock in order to ensure comfortable living conditions.
The public utilities include:
- Electricity supply.
- Water supply (hot and cold).
- Drainage.
- Elevator facilities.
- Collection, removal and disposal of waste.
- Heat supply (heating).
- Gas supply.
- Cleaning common areas.
- House repairs (major and current).
- Repair of utilities.
- Maintenance, improvement and cleaning of surrounding areas.
The composition of utility services provided to the consumer depends on the degree of improvement of the home.
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Comprehensive program for modernization and reform of housing and communal services for 2010-2020
The main goals and directions of this program:
- By 2020, provide residents of apartment buildings with both high-quality and affordable utility services.
- To improve competitive relations in the field of management and maintenance of the housing stock, namely, to create partnerships of homeowners (HOA) and management organizations.
- Transfer subsidies and benefits for paying for housing and utilities into cash.
- Actively implement a resource and energy conservation system. Install metering devices.
Housing and communal services reform. general information
Housing and communal services reform is carried out by the government of the Russian Federation and implies the modernization of the entire housing and communal services of the country.
During the period of economic reforms, the physical deterioration of housing and communal services property has reached quite large proportions. The approximate numbers are:
- Public water supply networks - 65%.
- Boiler houses - 55%.
- Heating networks - 63%.
- Water pumping stations - 65%.
- Electrical networks - 58%.
- Sewerage - 56%.
- Water treatment facilities - 54%.
According to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation and Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 491 of August 13, 2006, an apartment building is the collective property of all owners of the premises. It turns out that apartment residents own the house as a whole, and not just their living space. And, therefore, they must be responsible for its condition and carry out major repairs in a timely manner.
The main problem here was that the houses were handed over to the owners in extremely poor condition. To carry out major repairs, huge sums were required, which the owners did not have. Also, the residents did not have management skills.
The main agent of the reform was the state corporation - the Fund for Assistance to Housing and Communal Sector Reform. It was created by decision of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 21, 2007. 2007. We will post more detailed information regarding the work of the Fund in the second half of the article.
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Directions for implementing the reform
The main directions for implementing the housing and communal services reform have been identified:
- Transferring the public utilities industry to the framework of market relations.
- Attracting private business.
- Ridding the industry from monopolies.
- Stimulating competition.
- Improving the quality of commercial services.
- Modernization of the housing and communal services complex.
- Formation of the institution of an effective owner.
- Relocation of residents from emergency housing.
- Carrying out major repairs of apartment buildings.
- Introduction of energy efficient technologies.
- Support for advantaged segments of the population, implementation of social protection.
Fund for Assistance to Reform of Housing and Communal Services
The State Corporation “Fund for Assistance to Housing and Communal Services Reform” is a non-profit organization dedicated to creating favorable and safe living conditions for citizens, as well as stimulating housing and communal services reform, forming effective mechanisms for managing the housing stock and introducing resource-saving technologies by providing financial support from the Fund.
The initial contribution to the fund's budget in December 2007 amounted to 240 billion rubles. It was carried out at the expense of additional state revenues. 15 billion rubles were also allocated in 2010.
In addition, the Fund for Assistance to Housing and Communal Services Reform uses income from the placement of temporarily available funds to finance regional programs for capital repairs and resettlement of citizens from dilapidated housing stock. More than 11 billion rubles have already been sent to the regions.
Initially, the Reform Assistance Fund was supposed to operate until January 1, 2013, after which it was threatened with liquidation. However, it was decided to extend its activities until 2015. On July 24, 2013, President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin signed a law extending the work of the Fund until January 1, 2018.
Functions of the Fund for Assistance to Housing and Public Utilities Reform:
- Consideration of applications submitted by constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the provision of financial support from the Fund,
- Making decisions on compliance with the requirements of applications and documents attached to them in accordance with Federal Law No. 185-FZ.
- Making decisions on providing financial support from the Fund based on applications.
- Implementation of methodological support for the preparation of applications and accompanying documents from the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
- Monitoring the implementation of regional targeted programs for capital repairs of apartment buildings.
- Monitoring the implementation of regional targeted programs for the relocation of citizens from emergency housing stock.
- Monitoring the fulfillment of the conditions for providing financial support from the Fund provided for by this Federal Law.
- Carrying out other functions provided for by the Federal Law of July 21, 2007 No. 185-FZ “On the Fund for Assistance to the Reform of Housing and Communal Services.”
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Providing financial support
The Housing and Communal Sector Reform Assistance Fund provides financial support for the implementation of regional targeted programs, namely it allocates funds:
- For major renovations of apartment buildings.
- To resettle citizens from dilapidated housing, taking into account the need to stimulate the development of the housing market (period: from December 1, 2008 to the end of 2009).
- To resettle citizens from emergency housing.
- To resettle citizens from dilapidated housing, taking into account the need to stimulate the development of low-rise construction (period: from March 10, 2010 in accordance with Federal Law 25-FZ).
- To provide financial support from the Fund for the implementation of measures to support single-industry municipalities considered by the Fund's board.
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Organization of a homeowners' association
A homeowners' association (HOA) is one of the forms of management of an apartment building. In essence, an HOA is an organization to ensure harmonious maintenance of a home. The partnership can include either one house or several blocks.
When joining an HOA, the owner undertakes obligations to participate in the life of his home. He must attend meetings.
To create a homeowners' association, you need 50% of the votes + at least one vote from above. Residents who do not join the HOA are automatically deprived of their voting rights. However, this fact does not relieve them of their obligations to implement decisions made at general meetings of the HOA.
To create an HOA you must:
- Create an initiative group. As a rule, it includes 5-6 people and a chairman.
- Contact the district administration with an application, which must include points about providing them with a list of apartments, indicating the area of each of them and information about the property, as well as about approving the candidacy of the City Representative in the future HOA to participate in the organizational meeting and further work of the partnership. The remaining points can reflect the wishes of the residents.
- Prepare for the meeting. Prepare and study the HOA charter and sample Minutes of the general meeting. Prepare voting sheets to determine the “Agenda”. The agenda should include no more than five issues.
- Inform all owners about the meeting.
- Hold a general meeting, during which you should choose a management method (on your own or with the involvement of professionals) and adopt the charter.
- Register the HOA. To do this, you must contact the Office of the Federal Registration Service and present an application for state registration, an original or a certified copy of the minutes of the general meeting, the charter of the partnership in two copies and a receipt for payment of the state fee for registration.
- Transfer the house to the management of the HOA. The house is transferred according to the acceptance certificate with the attachment of technical documentation for the building, in accordance with the standards of technical operation of the housing stock.
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