The first light bulbs appeared. The electric incandescent lamp was invented in Russia
History has preserved for us the names of those who invented the incandescent lamp and worked on its initial models. The path to creating this most useful invention at the end of the 19th century is interesting and unusual. Today, artificial lighting in the house is commonplace. But many years have passed since the electric lamp acquired its familiar appearance and was put into production.
Timeline of invention
History of the incandescent lamp begins in the 19th century. There were still about 50 years left before a useful invention was introduced to the world. However, the English scientist Humphry Davy had already conducted experiments in his laboratory with the heating of conductors with electric current. Yet he was not the one who invented the light bulb, suitable for lighting. For two decades, a number of leading European and American physicists tried to improve Humphry Davy's experiment by heating metal and carbon conductors.
German watchmaker Heinrich Goebel was the first to invent a lamp with incandescent elements, using the method of making barometers. The invention was presented in 1854 at an exhibition in New York. The structure itself was made of cologne bottles and glass tubes, in which Hebel created a vacuum using mercury. Inside he placed a charred bamboo thread, which in a flask with pumped out air could burn for up to 200 hours.
Since 1872, Russian electrical engineers A.N. Lodygin and V.F. Didrikhson began work on an incandescent lamp in St. Petersburg. They placed a thin charcoal stick between the thick copper rods. For this invention A. N. Lodygin received the Lomonosov Prize. In 1875, V.F. Didrikhson replaced the charcoal stick with a wooden one. A year later, naval officer and talented inventor N.P. Bulygin improved the design invented by his compatriots. Outwardly, it remained almost unchanged, but by coating the carbon rods with a layer of copper, the current strength increased.
Many consider Thomas Edison to be the inventor of the first lamp. However, before the device fell into the hands of the American inventor, scientists in five European countries already had a patent for it. In what year Edison began his development of electric lighting is unknown.
In the 70s of the 19th century, Lodygin’s light bulb came to the USA. Thomas Edison did not bring anything new to the device of the Russian inventor, but he came up with a superstructure for the design: a cartridge and a screw base, switches and fuses, an energy meter. Industrial history begins with Edison's work invention history.
The first conversions of energy into light
Appearance first incandescent lamp preceded by the greatest event of the 18th century - the discovery of electric current. The first to study electrical phenomena and tackle the problem of generating current from various metals and chemicals was the Italian physicist Luigi Galvani.
In 1802, the Russian experimental physicist V.V. Petrov constructed a powerful battery and with its help created an electric arc that could produce light. However, the disadvantage of Petrov's discovery was the too rapid burnout of the charcoal that was used as an electrode.
The first arc lamp capable of burning for a long time was designed by the Englishman Humphry Davy in 1806. He conducted experiments with electricity and invented an electric light bulb with carbon rods. However, it shone so brightly and unnaturally that there was no use for it.
Incandescent lamp: prototypes
Invention of the incandescent lamp attributed to several scientists. Some of them worked at the same time, but in different countries. Scientists who worked at a later time made significant improvements to the inventions of their predecessors. Thus, creation of an incandescent lamp- the work of several people.
Direct development of designs with incandescent elements began in the 30s of the 19th century. The Belgian scientist Jobard introduced the world to the first carbon-core design. His coal lamp was not widely used only because it burned for no more than 30 minutes. However, this was progress at the time.
At the same time, the English physicist Warren de la Rue presented his lamp with a platinum element in the form of a spiral. The platinum shone brightly, and the vacuum inside the glass bulb made it possible to use it in any weather conditions. Warren de la Rue's invention became the prototype for other designs, although it itself did not receive further development due to its high cost.
Another English physicist, Frederic de Moleyn, slightly changed de la Rue’s brainchild, installing platinum threads instead of a spiral. However, they quickly burned out. A little later, physicists King and John Starr improved the design of their English colleagues. The Englishman King replaced platinum threads with carbon sticks, increasing the duration of their combustion. And the American John Starr came up with a design with a carbon burner and a vacuum sphere.
First results
The first light source appeared in the workshop of Heinrich Goebel. He was not a professional inventor, but he was the first in the world to discover a lamp with incandescent elements. Goebel installed lighting fixtures in his watch shop and equipped them with a stroller, where he invited everyone. However, due to lack of funds, Goebel was unable to obtain a patent for his invention. Only at the end of his life was the German watchmaker recognized as the inventor of the incandescent lamp.
In Russia, the first inventor of designs with incandescent elements was A. N. Lodygin. Together with his colleague V.F. Didrikhson, he laid the foundation for electric lighting in St. Petersburg. The first coal lighting structures created by Russian inventors were installed in the St. Petersburg Admiralty. A year later, artificial light appeared in some shops in the capital and on the Alexander Bridge.
The fight for patents
Since work on creating electric light sources was carried out in many countries, several scientists received patents for similar inventions. However, in the United States, multiple discoveries led to a struggle to obtain a patent for an incandescent lamp.
Two venerable inventors – the Englishman Joseph Swan and the American Thomas Edison – competed for primacy in the ownership of the electric light bulb. Englishman patented a carbon lamp fiber, which began to be used in industrial production in the British Isles. Thomas Edison worked on improving Alexander Lodygin's filament lamp. He tried many metals as filaments and settled on carbon fiber, increasing the lamp's burning life to 40 hours.
Joseph Swan sued an American colleague for copyright infringement, so the lamp introduced by Edison was subsequently called the Edison-Swan lamp. When bamboo fibers were later brought from Japan, the burning time of which reached up to 600 hours, scientists again found themselves in court because they began to use this material in their inventions. The matter ended with Edison and Swan founding a joint company to produce light bulbs, which quickly became world leaders.
Metal filaments
Instead of candles, carbon incandescent lamps appeared. And then the structure was equipped with metal threads. At the end of the 19th century, German physicist Walter Nernst made a special alloy for the production of incandescent filaments. It included metals such as:
- yttrium;
- magnesium;
- thorium.
At the same time, A. N. Lodygin invents a fast-heating tungsten filament. However, then the Russian inventor sold his discovery to a company founded by Thomas Edison. Tungsten filaments marked the beginning of a new era of electric lighting.
Further inventions
Until the 20th century, interest in electric lighting among scientists was not so high. However, with the advent of the new millennium, everything changed. The twentieth century is characterized by a whole wave of inventions of various electric lamps. In 1901, American inventor Peter Hewitt introduced the mercury lamp to the world. And in 1911, the French chemist Georges Claudi created a neon lamp.
In the first half of the 20th century, designs such as xenon, fluorescent and sodium lamps appeared. In the 60s, the world saw LED lamps capable of illuminating large rooms. And in 1983, economical ones appeared that reduced energy consumption. However, the future lies with fluorescent designs that have appeared recently. They can not only save energy, but also purify the air.
The electric incandescent lamp has long become an object without which it is difficult to imagine our lives. In the evening, when entering a house or apartment, the first thing we do is flip the switch in the hallway and within a moment a bright light flashes, dispelling the darkness around us. And at the same time, we don’t think about where such an ordinary light bulb came to us from and who invented the light bulb. The electric lamp has long become commonplace for us, but once upon a time it was akin to a real miracle.
Before the invention of electricity, people lived in twilight. With the onset of darkness, the dwellings were plunged into darkness and their inhabitants, in order to somehow disperse the darkness that frightened them, lit a fire.
To illuminate houses in different countries, lamps of various designs, torches, candles, and torches were used, and fires were lit in the open air, for example, on the road or in military camps. People treasured these light sources; they invented legends and composed songs about them.
However, the inquisitive human mind already in ancient times was looking for an alternative to all these devices. After all, they all gave little light, smoked heavily, filling the room with smoke, and besides, they could go out at any minute. Archaeologists who discovered amazing paintings inside the ancient Egyptian pyramids could not help but wonder how the ancient artists made these drawings despite the fact that natural light did not penetrate into the pyramids, and no soot was found on the walls and ceiling from torches or lamps. It is likely that the answer to this question has already been found in the city of Dendera, in the temple of the goddess Hathor. It is there that there are bas-reliefs, which may depict an ancient electric lamp similar to a gas-discharge lamp.
In the 9th century AD. In the Middle East, an oil lamp was invented, which became the prototype of a kerosene lamp, but it did not become widespread and remained a rare curiosity.
Thus, until the middle of the 19th century, the most popular light sources remained oil and fat lamps, candles, lanterns and torches, and in camp conditions - the same fires as in ancient times.
The kerosene lamp, invented in the middle of the 19th century, supplanted all other sources of artificial lighting, although not for long: until the electric light bulb appeared - the most common for us, but absolutely amazing for the people of that time.
At the dawn of discovery
The operation of the first incandescent lamps was based on the principle that conductors glow when electric current is passed through them. This very property of such materials was known long before the invention of the light bulb. The problem was that for a very long time the inventors could not find a suitable material for an incandescent filament that would provide long-lasting and effective, and also inexpensive lighting.
Background to the appearance of incandescent lamps:
Who first invented the light bulb
In the 1870s, serious work began on the invention of the electric light bulb. Many prominent scientists and inventors devoted years and decades of their lives to working on this project. Lodygin, Yablochkov and Edison - these three inventors worked in parallel on the design of incandescent lamps, so disputes still continue about which of them can be considered the world's first inventor of the incandescent electric lamp.
Lamp by A. N. Lodygin
He began his experiments on the invention of the incandescent lamp in 1870 after his retirement. At the same time, the inventor was simultaneously working on several projects: creating an electric plane, a diving apparatus and a light bulb.
In 1871-1874, he conducted experiments to find the most suitable material for an incandescent coil. Having initially tried to use iron wire and failed, the inventor began experimenting with a carbon rod placed in a glass container.
In 1874, Lodygin received a patent for the incandescent lamp he invented, not only Russian, but also international, patenting his invention in many European countries and even in India and Australia.
In 1884, for political reasons, the inventor left Russia. For the next 23 years he worked alternately in France and in the USA. Even in exile, he continued to develop new designs for incandescent lamps, patenting those that used refractory metals as the material for the spiral. In 1906, Lodygin sold these patents to the General Electric Company in the USA. During his research, the inventor came to the conclusion that the best materials for incandescent filaments are tungsten and molybdenum. And the first incandescent lamps produced in the USA were made according to his design and with tungsten filament.
Yablochkov's lamp P. N.
In 1875, finding himself in Paris, he began inventing an arc lamp without a regulator. Yablochkov had begun work on this project even earlier, while living in Moscow, but failed. The capital of France became the city where he was able to achieve outstanding results.
By the beginning of the spring of 1876, the inventor completed work on the design of an electric candle, and on March 23 of the same year he received a patent for it in France. This day became significant not only in the fate of P. N. Yablochkov himself, but also a turning point for the further development of electrical and lighting engineering.
Yablochkov's candle was simpler and cheaper to operate than Lodygin's coal lamp. In addition, it did not have any springs or any mechanisms. It looked like two rods clamped in two separate terminals of a candlestick, which were separated by a kaolin partition, isolating them from each other. An arc charge was ignited at the upper ends, after which the arc flame slowly burned the coal and vaporized the insulating material, at the same time emitting a bright glow.
Later, Yablochkov tried to change the color of the lighting, for which he added salts of various metals to the insulating material for the partition.
In April 1876, the inventor demonstrated his candle at an electrical exhibition in London. The large audience was delighted with the bright bluish-white electric light that flooded the room.
The success was incredible. The scientist and his invention were written about in the foreign press. And already at the end of the 1870s, streets, shops, theaters, hippodromes, palaces and mansions were illuminated with electric candles not only in Europe, but also in the USA, Brazil, Mexico, India, Burma and Cambodia. And in Russia, the first test of Yablochkov’s electric candles took place in the fall of 1878.
It was a real triumph for the Russian inventor. After all, before his candle, there was not a single invention in the field of electrical engineering that would so quickly become popular throughout the world.
Edison lamp T.A.
He conducted his experiments with incandescent lamps in the late 1870s, that is, he worked on this project simultaneously with Lodygin and Yablochkov.
In April 1879, Edison experimentally came to the conclusion that without a vacuum, none of the incandescent lamps would work, or if they did, it would be extremely short-lived. And already in October of the same year, an American researcher completed work on a project for a carbon incandescent lamp, which is considered one of the most important inventions of the 19th century.
In 1882, together with several prominent financiers, the inventor founded the company Edison General Electric c, where they began to manufacture various electrical appliances. To win the market, Edison even went so far as to set the selling price of the lamp at 40 cents, despite the fact that its production cost 110 cents. Subsequently, the inventor suffered losses for four years, although he tried to reduce the cost of incandescent lamps. And when the cost of their production dropped to 22 cents, and the output reached a million pieces, he was able to cover all previous costs within a year, so that further production brought him only profit.
But what was Edison's innovation in inventing the incandescent lamp, other than the fact that he was the first to consider this subject as a means of making a profit? His merit lies not at all in the invention of lamps of this type, but in the fact that he was the first to create a practical and widespread system of electric lighting. And he came up with the modern, familiar shape of the lamp to all of us, as well as a screw base, socket and fuses.
Thomas Edison was distinguished by his high efficiency and always took a very responsible approach to business. So, in order to finally decide on the choice of material for the incandescent filament, he tried more than six thousand samples until he came to the conclusion that the most suitable material for this was carbonized bamboo.
Based on chronology, the inventor of the light bulb is Lodygin. It was he who invented the first lamp for lighting, and he was the first who guessed to pump out air from a glass bulb and use tungsten as an incandescent filament. Yablochkov’s “electric candle” is based on slightly different operating principles and does not require a vacuum, but for the first time, streets and premises began to be illuminated en masse with his candles. As for Edison, it was he who invented the lamp of modern forms, as well as the base, socket and fuses. Therefore, while giving the palm of invention to the first of these three inventors, the role of other researchers cannot be underestimated.
Svoboda Igor Nikolaevich
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Disputes about who was the true inventor of the incandescent lamp continue to this day. Basically, two names appear - Thomas Edison and Alexander Lodygin. In fact, the great discovery took place thanks to the hard work of many scientists.
Since ancient times, people have been looking for ways to illuminate at night. For example, analogues of the kerosene lamp were used in Ancient Egypt and the Mediterranean. To do this, a cotton wick was inserted into special clay vessels and olive oil was poured.
Residents of the Caspian Sea coast used a similar device, only instead of oil they poured oil into the vessel. In the Middle Ages, clay lamps were replaced by candles made of beeswax and lard.
But at all times, scientists and inventors have been looking for an opportunity to create a durable and safe lighting device.
After humanity learned about electricity, research reached a qualitatively new level.
For the invention of the first electric lamps suitable for commercial use, we have three scientists from different countries to thank. Independently of each other, they carried out their experiments and eventually achieved a result that turned the world upside down.
IMPORTANT! In the 70s of the 19th century, three patents were received for the latest devices - carbon incandescent lamps in vacuum flasks.
In 1874, the outstanding scientist Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin patented his incandescent lamp in Russia.
In 1878 Joseph Wilson Swan applied for a British patent.
In 1879, inventor Thomas Edison received an American patent.
It was Edison who created the first industrial company to produce incandescent lamps. The big credit is that he was able to achieve a long runtime of over 1,200 hours thanks to the use of carbonized bamboo fiber.
In the early 80s of the 19th century, Edison and Swan organized a joint company in Britain. It was called “Edison and Swan”. At that time it became the largest manufacturer of electric lamps.
In the 90s, Alexander Lodygin moved to America, where he proposed using a tungsten or molybdenum spiral. This was another technological breakthrough. Lodygin sold his patent to General Electric, which began producing electric lamps with tungsten filament.
And already in 1920, one of the company’s employees, William David Coolidge, told the world how tungsten filament could be produced on an industrial scale. That same year, another General Electric scientist named Irving Langmuir proposed filling a light bulb with an inert gas.
This is what significantly increased the operating period of the incandescent lamp, and also increased the light output.
Humanity still uses these devices to this day.
The history of the light bulb
Of course, the history of the creation of the lamp is inseparable from the development of such a science as electrical engineering. It dates back to the discovery of electric current in the 18th century. This discovery contributed to the fact that outstanding scientists from all over the world began to study and develop electrical engineering, which by that time had become an independent science.
ON A NOTE! A distinctive feature of the “Yablochkov candle” was that it did not require a vacuum. The filament, made of kaolin, did not burn out and did not lose its properties in the open air.
And, of course, speaking about the history of electrical engineering, one cannot help but recall the scientists who turned the world upside down - Alexander Lodygin and Thomas Edison. It was they who, conducting experiments independently of each other, created an electric lamp in the 70s of the 19th century.
Alexander Lodygin - inventor from Russia
In 1972, in St. Petersburg, Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin began experiments on electric lighting.
His first lamps were a thin stick of coal sandwiched between three-dimensional copper rods. All this was in a closed glass ball.
This was still an imperfect device, however, they began to be actively used to illuminate buildings and streets of St. Petersburg.
In 1875, in partnership with Cohn, an improved electric lamp was produced. In it, the coals were replaced automatically, in addition, they were located in a vacuum. This development belongs to electrical engineer Vasily Fedorovich Ditrikhson.
In 1876, another researcher, Bulygin, also made adjustments. In its development, the ember moved forward as it burned.
At the end of the 70s, the incandescent lamp created by Lodygin and patented in Russia, France, Great Britain, Austria and Belgium finally came to the USA. Lieutenant Khotinsky went to the coast of America to receive ships built for the Russian fleet. It was Khotinsky who visited the laboratory and showed the “Lodygin lamp” and the “Yablochkov candle” to the American researcher Thomas Edison.
It is not known for certain how this influenced Edison’s train of thought, who himself was working on the creation of artificial lighting at that time. Be that as it may, it was Edison who brought the design of the incandescent lamp to a qualitatively new level, and also popularized it by organizing mass production. This helped significantly reduce the cost, making it possible for even the poor to buy a lamp.
Alexander Lodygin also did not stop in his zeal to improve the incandescent lamp. After moving to the USA, in 1890, Lodygin received another patent - for a lamp with a metal filament made of refractory metals - octium, iridium, rhodium, molybdenum and tungsten. This was a real breakthrough in the field of electrical engineering. The invention was a resounding success, and in 1906 the patent for it was purchased by General Electric. By the way, this company belonged to Thomas Edison.
Edison's creation of the light bulb
It is generally accepted throughout the world that the electric light bulb was invented by the scientist Thomas Alva Edison.
Over the years, Edison experimented in the field of electrical engineering. For almost two years he searched for the perfect filament.
The researcher conducted experiments with more than six thousand carbon-containing materials. Methodically sorting and examining various substances, Edison came to the conclusion that the best option was Japanese bamboo, from which the fan case was created.
In 1879, the first newspaper article appeared announcing the invention of an incandescent lamp with a carbon rod by Thomas Edison. It was called “Edisonian Light”. Such a lamp could burn continuously for forty hours. That same year, Edison patented his invention.
It cannot be said that Edison made significant changes to the incandescent lamp created by Lodygin.
What did Edison's lamp look like?
It was also a glass flask from which the air had been completely pumped out. A thin coal rod was also burning in it. But it was Edison who created the conditions for the most comfortable operation of incandescent lamps. He invented things like the screw base, socket, energy meters, and switches and fuses.
Moreover, having organized his own production, he put on stream the production of light bulbs and electrical system mechanisms. Despite the fact that the incandescent lamp was created long before the American scientist received a patent, it was thanks to Edison that electric lighting became so widespread.
The question of who first developed the idea of the light bulb again and again gives rise to various theories.
There are so many options that every nation strives to attribute this merit to its compatriots.
The idea of a constant light source dates back to the early 19th century. During this period, scientists all over the world created various projects.
So in 1820, the French scientist Delacru created the first copy of an electric light bulb with a platinum wire. When an electric current was passed through it, the thread glowed and gave off light.
Unfortunately, this expensive metal (platinum) was not available for mass production and remained a sample of an experimental laboratory.
Heinrich Goebel
In the second half of the 19th century, the German scientist Heinrich Goebel first proposed pumping out air from a lamp.
This allowed it to burn much longer. His project still required additional work and was not continued.
Yablochkov
At the same time, the invention of the Russian experimental mechanic Yablochkov was gaining momentum on the streets of France.
His candles in the lanterns illuminated the city streets. Automatic replacement of lamps made it possible to increase the burning time to one and a half hours.
A. N. Lodygin
In 1872, the tests of the scientist A. N. Lodygin were crowned with success. His newest invention was radically different from all previous ones. The cost of producing the light bulb was minimal.
The carbon filament rod allowed the lamp to burn for about half an hour. Lodygin received a patent for his invention, and soon his lamps began to illuminate the streets of St. Petersburg.
Subsequently, interest in his work subsides. The scientist made every effort, but never achieved worldwide fame.
Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison became Lodygin's competitor in the 1870s. It was he, in collaboration with other famous scientists and an American energy company, who improved the well-known model and thus obtained a new invention.
The incandescent lamp has become an integral part of everyday life in every home. The device we are familiar with was obtained through the efforts of many scientists.
The continuity of their inventions gave rise to discussions about the right of primacy that continue to this day.
But we will not belittle the merits of any of the scientists, since everyone is worthy of glory.
It is difficult to imagine modern life without electrification and, in particular, without an electric lamp. Many are sure that the inventor of the light bulb is Thomas Edison, but in fact, the history of the creation of this device is quite long and not as simple as it seems. A large number of scientists worked on an invention without which it is now impossible to imagine life.
History of invention
People have been lighting their homes since they learned to make fire. As humanity developed, a variety of substances were used as sources of artificial lighting:
- vegetable oils;
- animal fat;
- oil;
- torch;
- natural gas.
The very first method of lighting was invented by the ancient Egyptians, who used special vessels into which they poured oil and lowered cotton wicks. Since people began to extract oil, the era of kerosene lamps has come, replacing torches and candles. The latest stage of development in this area was the invention of electric lamps.
Stages of development
The question of who invented the incandescent lamp is difficult to answer unambiguously, since a large number of scientists participated in the creation of this necessary device. At different times and at different stages, their knowledge, Many scientific minds contributed their efforts and skills:
Gerard Delarue and Heinrich Goebel
A French scientist first tried to create an analogue of the modern light bulb back in 1820. Platinum wire was used as a filament, capable of heating well and shining brightly.
The “great-grandmother” of modern lamps forever remained a prototype, and the author of the invention never returned to it.
German explorer Heinrich Goebel presented his own invention in 1854. The creation of the electric light bulb was based on bamboo and a vessel with evacuated air. A bamboo thread was placed in the vessel, serving as an incandescent lamp.
It was Goebel who is considered the first person to invent the light bulb. used for lighting. The scientist was the first to guess that vacuum space would allow an incandescent lamp to burn longer. Thanks to the use of vacuum, the operating time of the device was extended by several hours. It took the scientist years to create a completely airless space.
Russian scientist Alexander Lodynin
Despite previous experiences , Russian scientist Alexander Lodynin is considered the first inventor of the light bulb. It was he who realized humanity’s dream of a constant source of lighting. The Russian engineer first presented his invention in 1872, and a year later Lodynin’s first light bulbs were lit on the streets of St. Petersburg.
This light source could work for up to half an hour, and for that time it was progress. If the air was pumped out, the lamp continued to work. That is, it was the first lighting source operating in constant mode.
Lodynin was awarded a patent for the lamp with carbon filament. Subsequently, the scientist conducted experiments on the use of various refractory materials for the rod. He was the first to propose using tungsten for these purposes, as well as pumping air out of the light bulb, filling it with inert gas.
Inventor Pavel Yablochkov
Another Russian inventor, Pavel Yablochkov, managed to extend the operation of electric lamps to one and a half hours. Pavel Nikolaevich, who devoted his entire life to electrical engineering, managed to create not only the first light bulb, but also became the “father” of the electric candle. Thanks to this, it became possible to illuminate cities at night.
Yablochkov's electrical invention had a low cost and could illuminate a space for an hour and a half. After combustion, the lamp was replaced with a new one. This responsibility lay with the wipers. Later, lanterns with automatic candle replacement appeared.
It was Yablochkov’s invention that paved the way for the mass introduction of electricity for street lighting.
The novelty of Yablochkov’s invention lay in the fact that his lamps contained a kaolin filament, which did not require a vacuum for prolonged combustion. At the same time, the device of the Russian electrical engineer required preliminary heating of the conductor, for example, using a match.
American Thomas Edison
When people talk about the inventor who created the incandescent lamp, they always mention Thomas Edison. But few people know that the American only improved the device invented before him, filed a patent for it in time and launched mass production. Therefore, Edison is more of a businessman than a scientist, and the Russian Alexander Lodynin was the first to invent the light bulb.
In America, Lodynin’s invention became known thanks to the naval officer Khotinsky. Having visited Edison's laboratory, he gave him the inventions of Lodynin and Yablochkin.
The American modified the new product by using beech thread instead of a carbon rod. To come up with how to improve lamp performance, he had to make about 6,000 attempts, but the goal was achieved - his light bulb could burn for almost a hundred hours. Edison patented the invention as his own, which caused a protest from Yablochkov.
The American scientist also contributed to the device, which has become necessary for all mankind. He created a base and socket for the lamp, as well as a rotary switch, without which the electric candle would not work.
From the history of creation it is clear that many advanced scientists of that time were involved in the invention of the light bulb. No matter who the discoverer was, without this amazing invention the world would be completely different.
