The open command on the command line. How does the command line work in Windows XP, 7,8,10

Sometimes when working in Windows, you need to run the command line as an administrator. By default, Command Prompt runs in restricted mode, and some commands may require administrator rights to run. This is done to prevent accidental execution of commands that could make major changes to the operating system.

So, let's look at a few simple ways to run the command line as an administrator. Some of these methods only work on certain versions of Windows.

Method 1: Open the command line as administrator through the menu Start

This method will work in all versions of Windows except Windows 8, 8.1, because... these versions lack the classic button Start.

1. Click the button Start, select item All programs -> Standard

2. Find the item in the list Command line and right-click on it.

3. Follow the steps for the appropriate system

ForWindowsXP:

Select an item Running on behalf of...

As a result, a window will load in which you need to select the item The specified user account, select the Administrator user, enter the password and click OK.

For Windows Vista, 7:

Select an item Run as administrator.

If you have User Account Control enabled, a window will appear in which you need to allow the program to make changes on your computer.

Method 2: Open Command Prompt as Administrator using the search menu bar Start

This method will only work on Windows Vista and Windows 7.

1. Click the Start button and type cmd. The search results will display cmd.

2. Press and hold the keys Ctrl And Shift and then click Enter. As a result of these steps, Command Prompt should start as an administrator.

Method 3: Open the command line as an administrator using the “Win+X” menu in Windows 8, 8.1

In Windows 8, 8.1, there are several ways to run Command Prompt as an administrator. One of them is using the “Win+X” context menu, which can be obtained either using a keyboard shortcut Windows+X, or by right-clicking in the lower left corner of the screen.

As you can see in the figure, this menu has a separate item for running the command line as an administrator.

Method 4: Open the command line as administrator using the start screen of Windows 8, 8.1

In version 8 of Windows, a Start screen appeared, using which you can also launch the command line as an administrator. This method works in Windows 8 and Windows 8.1 almost identically. The only difference is in the design of the context menu.

1. Go to the home screen by pressing the key Windows in Windows 8, 8.1 or the Start button (if you can call it that) in Windows 8.1.

2. Type on the keyboard cmd. A shortcut should appear as a result of the search Command line.

3. Right-click on the found shortcut and select Run as administrator.

This is what the action looks like Windows 8:

and so on Windows 8.1:

Method 5: Open the command line as administrator using Windows Explorer 8, 8.1

In Windows 8, it became possible to launch the command line through the Explorer menu.

1. Open the drive or folder in Windows Explorer.

2. From the menu, select File, then Open command line And Open command prompt as administrator.

Method 6: Open the command line as an administrator using the task manager

This method only works on Windows 8, 8.1.

1. (key combination Ctrl+Shift+Esc)

2. In the dispatcher menu, select File, then Start a new task.

3. In the field Open enter cmd, check the box next to the item Create a task with administrator rights and click OK.

There is also an easier option to run the command line as an administrator using this method. To do this, before selecting the item Start a new task, press and hold the Ctrl key. As a result, the window will not open Create a task, and a command prompt with administrator rights will immediately open.

That's all. If you know any other way to run the command line as an administrator, I will be glad if you describe it in the comments.

Most personal computer users do not encounter the need to use any CMD command. Many people simply lack the functions provided by the visual shell of the operating system. However, there are situations when you have to manipulate the system directly, and that’s when the command line comes to the rescue.

What is the command line

This is software that is part of the standard programs of the system. CMD provides the user with the ability to work with the system and files directly. The application has a text interface, and the execution result is displayed on the screen. Simply put, the command line translates user requests into a form that the system can understand. Outwardly, of course, the program does not look very familiar to the average user, but at the same time it has a number of positive properties, and besides, it is faster than the visual component. built into every version of the Windows operating system.

Ways to launch the command line

The operating system developers have provided several options for launching CMD:

Go to the Start menu / Accessories / then select “Command Prompt” from the list.
Go to the Start menu, select "Run", in the window that appears, enter CMD.exe in the line. You can also open the Run window using the Win+R key combination.
Go to the system folder C:\Windows\system32 and select the CMD.exe program.

Most of the most important commands can be obtained using the Help command. After entering this query, Windows CMD commands will appear with information about how to use them. All of them can be divided into several fairly broad groups. Their division occurs according to the principle of application. For example, CMD commands to run the commands used. The most common of them will be presented below. They are also the most necessary CMD line commands.

Basic commands for working with system directories

This list of commands will be useful if you need to access folders located on the system:

Dir - provides the ability to view folders as a list. Using additional command line criteria, you can sort directories based on a number of options.
RD - provides the ability to delete an unnecessary directory. With additional parameters, you can set deletion criteria: for example, delete several folders at once.
MD - the command creates a new folder (directory). Various options allow you to create different types of directories.
CD - provides the ability to move from one directory to another, in some cases you will need to use quotes.
XCopy - used to copy folders without changing their structure. Unlike Copy, this command has more advanced capabilities. Via CMD, you can perform fairly flexible operations with this request.
Tree - provides the ability to display directories graphically. By default, the display is done using pseudographics.
Move - used to both move and change the directory name. The command makes it possible to move several folders at a time.

Basic commands for working with files

These CMD file commands can be useful to many personal computer users:

del - command used to delete. Can be used to delete one or several files. In addition, there is an option to delete read-only files;
edit - the command launches a text editor;
ren - allows you to rename a file. You can also use rename;
move - used to move and rename a file;
copy con - allows you to create a new file;
fc - allows you to compare what is in two files. The result of the work is the appearance of symbols that provide information about the status of the comparison;
type - applicable for text documents. The execution of the command is to display the contents of the file on the screen;
copy - allows you to copy and also merge files.

Commands for diagnosing the hard drive of the computer and system

In addition to all the above advantages, CMD commands allow you to check for errors in the operation of hard drives or change volume labels, as well as defragment.

Compact - the command allows you to display and configure compression in the NTFS file system. Using this command you can significantly save disk space.
Format - formats a disk or floppy disk. Please note that formatting will completely delete all data on the media.
Chkdisk - checks and displays information about the media. The team will help you find out about the occupied space, the amount of space on bad sectors, and so on.
Fsutil - provides information about the file system and allows you to make changes to it.
Chkntfs - allows you to show and configure during Windows startup.
Convert - allows you to convert a volume from one file system to another. It is not possible to change the type of the active volume or disk.
Recover - a command for recovering data from damaged media. This process occurs by reading one sector after another. Reading occurs only from those sectors from which it is possible to read. Data located in physically damaged sectors will not be recovered. Most often, text documents are recovered from damaged floppy disks in this way.
Diskpart - allows you to open disk data and make the required settings.
Vol - provides information about the serial number of the hard drive.
Label - used to view and edit volume labels. Please note that the volume name can contain no more than 11 characters, and NTFS 32 characters.

Information commands

This type of command will help you obtain information about versions, configurations, and installed drivers:

ver - provides information about the system version using the CMD command, Windows 7 also supports this request;
driverquery - allows you to view information about installed drivers; The display can be in the form of a list, table or CSV;
systeminfo - Provides information about system configurations. Configurations can be viewed both locally and in addition, the command provides properties about service packs.

processes and applications

Commands for managing and changing operating system settings:

shutdown - the command is used to shut down, restart or put the computer into sleep mode. If the user has the necessary rights, it is possible to carry out settings remotely;
time - used to display and change the current time;
date - used to display and change the current date;
tasklist - provides the user with a list of processes currently running on a local or remote personal computer;
schtasks - allows you to create, configure or delete scheduled tasks in the operating system. In the graphical interface, the command is represented by the Task Scheduler program;
taskkill - used to terminate processes using identifiers or names of executable files. The tool began to be used with Windows XP.

Commands to customize the command line

This group of commands relates directly to setting up the CMD. The commands will help you clear the screen, change its appearance, and so on:

Exit - allows you to close batch data or close the command line altogether.
Color - provides the ability to change the background or font color in the command line window. The color is specified as a hexadecimal digit. The most significant bit indicates brightness, and the subsequent bits indicate color. The default is white letters on a black background.
Title - allows you to change the name of the CMD.exe window.
CMD - allows you to open a new Windows command line interpreter window. Usually the need for this command occurs when you want to predefine the actual CMD settings.
Prompt - allows you to change the command line greeting. If you use the command without parameters, the prompt text will look like: current drive, directory and the greater-than symbol.

Network CMD commands

Most users rarely need these queries, but professionals believe that these codes are very helpful when working with a computer:

getmac - the command provides information about the hardware addresses of network adapters. In this case, you can find out both local and remote addresses;
netsh.exe - the command opens another line. Using it, you can configure the network if necessary. Many experienced users find this program indispensable. To get help about commands, you must write it with a question mark;
ipconfig - allows you to obtain information about protocol settings. Sometimes the command allows you to update data automatically. Older operating systems may not support this CMD command;
nbtstat - the main purpose of the command is to display NetBt information. in addition, names and contents are displayed;
netstat.exe - This command displays information about connections. The output data allows you to see all the information related to

It is worth remembering that, in addition to these network commands, there are some more that will help simplify the work of users. It should be remembered that these commands should only be used when you are confident in the action being performed. Improper use of CMD commands can lead to serious problems in the operation of your personal computer.

List of useful commands

In addition to the above commands, there are a huge number of others:

break - the command allows you to enable processing of the CTRL+C keys;
debug - launches a tool for debugging and other changes to software products;
devcon - the command launches a tool alternative to the task manager;
exe2bin - the command converts exe format applications to binary format;
hostname - provides the ability to obtain the computer name;
logoff - the command shuts down the Windows system.

All of the CMD commands given will make it easier to work with some software. The main thing is not to try to use requests for purposes other than their intended purpose, in order to avoid loss of important information and other undesirable consequences.

So, the new Windows 10 operating system gives its users. What about old, proven interfaces that make working on a computer much easier? For example, you can do a lot of operations through the command line that are difficult to implement through windows. Naturally, a lot of work has been done to fix bugs in Windows 10. The nomadic chaos from previous versions of systems, such as a pile of slabs in the Start menu, has been stopped. Therefore, it was decided to leave the command line.

Of course, such an interface itself is unusual for the typical user. However, it is very convenient to work through the command line once you remember the primitive commands. No need to click the mouse, everything is done by hand. And you can do everything faster with your hands if you develop the skill. Now we’ll tell you how to find the command line in the latest Windows 10 and start working through it.

Instant launch

For advanced computer users, hotkeys have long existed. These simple combinations open any application that you don’t need to search through windows for several minutes. In this case, the command line opens by pressing Win + X. You can also easily right-click on the Start menu in Windows 10. A context menu will appear in which you should select a special item.

Search by search

To make work easier in Windows 10, there is a special search. Yes, the developers have implemented such a function through the image of a magnifying glass on the taskbar. The hand just wants to click on the attractive icon. Let's do it. A search bar will open in which you need to type: cmd. If you need to run as administrator, which is almost always necessary, then just right-click on the search results and select the appropriate launch.

Familiar windows

In Windows 10, there is no escape from the familiar windowed interface. Actually, the system is based on this principle. Therefore, there is an easy way to launch the command line through standard Explorer. Any folder has a File menu, which opens with a mouse click. Naturally, an item with the desired name will appear, where you can open the command line even as an administrator with one click.

In such simple ways, you can open the command line so that you can easily work through it later. How to do this? It is enough to type typical commands online. Of course, you won’t be able to remember everything right away. But if you practice regularly, then after a while your hands will write the necessary commands themselves. After all, the graphical interface not only consumes a huge amount of computer resources, but also loads the human brain with additional information, which is often unnecessary.

Command line (cmd) is a powerful software tool that allows you to manage the operating system, as well as all applications installed in it, by entering various text commands. The process of managing the OS using cmd is much faster, because the serious productivity of the computer is not used, since the Windows graphical shell is not used.

There are several ways to find and call the command line (also called the console).

Launch the command line from the Start menu

Go to the menu and then go through the following sections one by one: "All programs"/"Back" --> "Standard" --> "Command line". Next, just click on it with the mouse and the console will immediately open.

Launch Command Prompt through the search box in the Start menu

Also, go to the menu and in the search bar below enter the phrase: " Command line". The console shortcut should be highlighted in the search results that appear at the top. Click on it and thereby launch cmd.

Launch the command line through the system command “Run”

Press the "quick" keyboard shortcut Win+R. In the window that opens, enter the phrase: “cmd” (code name of the console) and click "OK" so that she appears immediately.

Launch the command line through the system folder on the HDD

Open this folder by sequentially going through the following directories: C:\Windows\system32. Search it well and you will definitely find a file there called " cmd.exe", by clicking on which you can launch the command line.

Launch the command line through the extended context menu of any folder on the HDD

Move the mouse cursor over some folder on your disk, press and hold (i.e., do not release!) the keyboard. Shift. Then, right-click on the selected folder. mouse to bring up the expanded options menu. Click on the function "Open command window", which will launch the console.

Launch the command line from them. administrator

Using system services with administrative rights significantly expands the user's powers and gives him access to additional features when working in Windows.

To open console with admin rights, click on its shortcut or the file itself (depending on which method you used to search for it) rights. keyboard mouse and click on the function "Run as administrator". The console will start with extended user rights. This is the last thing that may be useful to you when working with cmd. That's all!

Windows for communicating with the computer in a language it understands. However, programs are still launched using the regular command line (console). It is the founder of the interface and a means of communication between the user and the PC. The essence of the work is that commands are entered into a line using the keyboard. This management method is often used by system administrators. Regular users should also know basic commands.

Console - what is it?

Windows programs are launched using the console - the command line. This is one of the types of text interface that has become available to many MS DOS users. Commands are entered into the command line manually. Many people consider the console to be an outdated management method, the need for which often arises among users and system specialists. The command line is a black window with a green location label and a blinking cursor. The corresponding command for the computer is entered into the specified location.

The Command Prompt is an incredibly convenient window for solving many problems. However, to interact with the console you will need knowledge of writing commands. The advantage is that they reduce the time required to complete complex actions. To do this, just enter the desired task in the line.

Why are teams needed?

Command line commands are necessary to establish user interaction with the operating system and computer. Working with the command line is an urgent need for specialists who are involved in system administration. The console is a small part of what you can use as a tool to work with Windows. The command line is convenient, fast, and can be used to easily solve many issues. To work with it, you will need knowledge of commands and skills that will lead to a positive result.

CMD - there are a huge number of commands. Practice will help you remember the main ones. Using commands, you can change, edit files, create, restore partitions, configure, run, restart the computer, delete folders, copy and much more. Experts advise making a list of important commands in alphabetical order in a notepad. It's convenient and helps you quickly find your way around.

How to start?

Windows command line commands run without much difficulty. Despite the graphical interface, the console has always been and is the main element of computer control. The basics of working with the console will be useful to the average user. To launch the command line, open the menu: “Start” - “Run”. Enter the word “Cmd” in the window that appears, press “Enter”. If the version of the operating system does not have the “Run” item, then the combination “Win + R”.

In Windows 7, right-click on “Start”, go to “Properties” - “Customize”, check the box next to “Run”. If you need to open the console as an administrator, enter the command “Cmd” in the “Start” search bar, right-click on the “Cmd” program, select “Run as administrator.” It is convenient to create a shortcut on the desktop that will open the console. The appearance of the line window can be changed according to the user's wishes (color, font, location).

Sometimes you may have problems copying and pasting text into the command line. In the case of the console, the clipboard buttons do not work. If you need to make a copy, right-click on the window, select "Mark", select the text with the left mouse button, and then right-click. To insert text or text, right-click the Paste command line window. In addition, you can work with the console using hot keys on the keyboard and the up/down arrows.

Basic

The main commands for the command line help the user to solve tasks of paramount importance in a short time.

Additional

The list of commands, which is auxiliary, is often used by system specialists to work with information located on the hard drive.

The “Format” command deletes data from the hard drive and prepares it for copying. As an example of a formatting command: “FORMAT disk:/FS:FAT (file system).”
The "FC" command compares files with each other.
“IPCONFIG” - shows complete information about the Network settings, and also reports the type of network connection “IPCONFIG/ALL”.
The PING command will check the site's availability. Example: “PING fb.ru”. The presence of numbers in the response indicates that everything is in order and the site is available for visiting.

Commands for the Network

Web command line commands allow you to surf the Internet efficiently, fix errors, and configure settings. If you need to find out your IP address, enter the “Ipconfig” command in the console. In different variations of Internet connection, you can find out complete information about the Network. After entering, the user will receive a list of network connections that are used by the computer. If the user's computer is connected to the Internet via Wi-Fi, the main gateway will be selected to communicate with the router. The user can access its settings through a command entered into the console. If the computer is connected to a local network, you can find out about the IP address through the command line with the appropriate request.

Using the “Ping” and “Tracert” commands, the user can quickly find and fix problems with the Internet and browser. The "Netstat-an" command displays network connections and ports. This is a very useful program because it displays various network statistics. The "-an" switch opens a list of available network connections, ports and IP addresses. The “Telnet” command connects to servers of the same name. If you need to get information about network settings, use the “Ipconfig” command. Without additional parameters, the command displays information about the IP address. If you need specific information, add the “All” command. Entering “Ipconfig/flushdns” into the line clears the cache in Windows.

Filters

Filters are command line commands that are used with the pipe redirection symbol. They are needed to sort, view and select information from other teams. Filters organize, divide, and highlight part of the information that passes through them. Among these commands are the following:

“More” - displays the contents of the file;
“Find” - searches for specified characters;
“Sort” - sorts files alphabetically.

In order to send data from a file, the “L” symbol is used, and the “I” channel is used to send data to the output.

Shutdown

In addition to the built-in CMD, the console is used to launch ordinary programs. In order to enter it, just type the desired combination of letters in the “Run” window. If you need to view the results, it is better to use a string. “SHUTDOWN” is a command that shuts down Windows if for some reason the Start button does not work. It will come in handy when the computer is performing a task that cannot be interrupted (and the user needs to leave and not leave the computer on for a long time). The device will turn off correctly upon completion of work on its own. It's better than setting a timer.

Type the following command “Shutdown-s-t-1300”, press “Enter”. The numbers are the time in seconds after which the device will turn off. The command to restart the computer from the command line is as follows: "Shutdown -r". Click "Confirm" to activate. “At” command - starts the PC at the time specified by the user. This utility reads and groups jobs in the Windows operating system.

Formatting

The list of commands for the console is huge. Many of them are harmless and simple, but there are special ones among them that require caution on the part of the user. Be careful! Sometimes it is necessary to completely format a disk or flash drive. The command to delete all data looks like this: “Format C”, auxiliary parameters “/fs” - determine the location of the file system of the formatting disk, “/v” - sets the volume label, “/a” - the cluster size. Do not execute the formatting command if you are not sure of your actions and do not know why it is needed. The command deletes all information from the PC!

Examination

Some command line commands are designed to check disks for system errors. The “CHKDSK” command without additional parameters displays information about the status of the hard drive. If errors are found, enter an additional “/f” to correct them. Before checking the drive, lock it. If the console is full of commands, enter “c/s” into the line to clear the screen.

The system files will be checked by the “Sfc” command. With its help you can recover damaged files. The command is supplemented with the parameters “/scannow”, “/scanonce”, “/scanboot”, which check and correct system errors in files.

Other

It is impossible to know all the commands on the line, but some of them will be useful to the user. For example, the "Assoc" command changes the association between extension and file type. If the user wants to find out detailed information about the operating system and the state of the computer, he should type “Systeminfo”. Using the system registry editor "Regent" you can change hidden OS settings. However, if you don’t know what’s what, it’s not recommended to do this due to the risk of breaking Windows. It is easy to call the system configuration - a special service by entering "Msconfic" into the command line. If you want to learn more about the commands, write “Help” in the console line, taking into account that the operating system is the seventh or eighth version of Windows.

Experts include network, system and filters as useful commands for the user. The "At" command consists of a whole set of commands that are used to install, reinstall, and configure the modem. It is also considered a team planner. With its help, you can change, cancel, configure tasks for a remote or local computer. In the Windows operating system, it is better to use the "SCHTASKS" utility instead of the "At" command. Its capabilities are much wider.