Messenger, global satellite communications system. OJSC "Messenger Satellite System" possibilities of using the "Messenger" satellite communication system in regions with limited radio coverage of cellular communication systems

Satellite communication system "Messenger" is intended for the global exchange of various types of information with rocket and space technology, as well as the organization of relay channels for various purposes.

During the period when Antares was applying for frequencies, the SCRF received three applications for the allocation of these frequencies for mobile satellite communications. They were submitted to the ISS to them. M.F. Reshetnev and the companies Transit-Telecom and Rusproject (the latter is allegedly affiliated with Antares).

At the beginning of 2016, SCRF planned to satisfy the requests of all three companies, but did not make a decision - in parallel, a project to create confidential mobile satellite communications appeared. The SCRF considered this issue behind closed doors at the end of 2015, and as of February 20, 2017, the commission’s decision is not known.

At the end of 2016, repeated applications for the allocation of frequencies were sent by one of the companies - Fitacom (successor to Transit-Telecom). SCRF refused to allocate frequencies to the company. The company submitted a second application, but the materials for the upcoming meeting say that Fitacom was again refused.

According to the established procedure, for SCRF to make a decision on the allocation of frequencies, the corresponding application must receive three positive approvals: from Roskomnadzor, the Ministry of Defense and the Federal Security Service (FSO). Information sheets for the SCRF meetings held in 2014-2015 state that all three departments were in favor of allocating frequencies to Transit-Telecom, while Roskomnadzor referred to the need to obtain the results of additional research.

Since 2016, Roskomnadzor began to object to the allocation of frequencies to Transit-Telecom/Fitakom. From the information sheet for the upcoming SCRF meeting, it follows that of the three main departments, only Roskomnadzor is still against the allocation of frequencies. The agency refers to the position of Roscosmos.

Deputy General Director of the Roscosmos State Corporation Mikhail Khailov, in his letter to the SCRF staff, pointed out the inappropriateness of allocating frequencies for Fitacom, since the conditions for electromagnetic compatibility with the confidential satellite communication system would not be met - the letter indicated that previously these frequencies were allocated to the confidential system by another decision of the SCRF satellite communications.

“The Gonets satellite system began applying for frequencies in the range of 1980 - 2010 MHz at the end of 2016. At a meeting of the SCRF in October 2016, the Gonets system received frequencies in various ranges (more than 10 GHz), but consideration of the application was postponed.

The materials for the SCRF meeting in March 2017 say: “Messenger” will receive these frequencies upon agreement to develop conditions for joint use with third-generation cellular networks of the UMTS (3G) standard and radio-electronic equipment for government purposes administered by the FSO.

Summarizing this, the publication reported: SCRF plans to refuse the Fitacom company to allocate frequencies in the 1980-2010 MHz range for mobile satellite communications, since these frequencies were previously allocated for a confidential satellite communications system. But the Gonets satellite system, the application for which was submitted several years later, will receive these frequencies subject to the sharing of frequencies with government communications networks.

The Gonets satellite system is being tested in the Far North

The Gonets satellite tracking and communication system is being tested in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The next stage of inspections took place on deer. A special collar was installed on the animals’ necks, which tracked their location. After all the tests, such collars will be used for remote grazing of animals, which will help avoid conflicts between reindeer herders.

Since the animals graze freely, sometimes they enter the territory of other people’s pastures, and then the “lost” deer became the subject of disputes between the owner and the owner of the land.

The Far North was chosen for testing because tracking systems based on the Messenger are in great demand here. For example, there is a need to determine the location of tourists, fishermen and hunters, especially when they make long journeys, and the distance to the nearest populated areas exceeds several tens of kilometers. Travelers can send a distress signal at any time.

The tracking function is also useful for owners of snowmobiles, because in winter, when moving along rivers, they are guided only by directions.

Representatives of the developers noted that only in this region are representatives of business and city administrations showing interest in implementing tracking system technologies based on “Messenger”.

2014

Integration of the ERA-GLONASS and Gonets systems will be completed in 2015

By the end of 2015, the integration of the state emergency response system “ERA-GLONASS” and the Russian satellite communication system “Gonets” will be completed.

“The integrated ERA-GLONASS and Gonets terminals are planned to be used on vehicles that are operated mainly in areas where there is no continuous mobile communications coverage, for example, in sparsely populated or hard-to-reach regions,” comments the chief analyst of the GLONASS Non-Profit Partnership. Ionin Andrey. - This also includes all transport involved in logging, oil or gas fields. Or when there are special - the highest possible - requirements for the reliability of emergency call delivery, for example, for vehicles transporting dangerous goods. Maybe such an integrated “ERA-GLONASS”/“Messenger” device will appeal to fishermen and tourists. Preliminary work on equipment integration has already been carried out, and in 2015 we plan to move on to full-scale system integration and the creation of consumer equipment.”

The state emergency response system for accidents "ERA-GLONASS" is designed to improve transport safety. It will reduce the time before assistance can be provided in case of accidents by up to 30%, which will allow saving more than 4 thousand people annually. The system will be put into commercial operation in 2015.

2013: Subscriber terminal "Messenger"

The multifunctional personal satellite communication system (MSPSS) “Gonets” is being developed within the framework of the Russian federal space program with the direct participation of the Russian Aerospace Agency.

Developers and manufacturers of the main elements of the MSPS “Gonets”:

NPO Applied Mechanics named after. Academician M. F. Reshetnev (Zheleznogorsk),
Research Institute of Precision Instruments (Moscow) and

The purpose of the Gonets system is to transmit digital information in batch mode and provide dispatch radiotelephone communications.

The subscriber terminal consists of a radio modem and a personal IBM-compatible computer. The Gonets system terminals are equipped with small-sized omnidirectional antennas, allowing them to be installed on vehicles and communicate while on the move.

Omnidirectional antenna, 2013

Modem R-AT4, 2013

Advantages

2 design options.
Ease of use.
Deployment time less than 10 minutes.
Communication with the satellite without operator participation.
Omnidirectional antenna.
Determination of coordinates (accuracy 100 m).
Wide operating temperature range (-25... +55°C).
Power supply 220 V or 12 V.
Small weight and dimensions.

User terminal of the low-orbit space communication system "Gonets-D1" AT-SO-4

The AT-SO-4 user terminal is a complete set of equipment for automatic information exchange with satellites of the Gonets low-orbit space communication system.

Compound

Small-sized radio modem R-AT4 with or without a location determination device (GPS).
Omnidirectional antenna providing search-free and tuning-free communication.
Power supply.

Using AT-CO-4, users are provided with a number of telecommunications services focused on the transmission of small-volume messages.

2010

Proposal to upgrade the system to 48 satellites

As Marker was told by the Gonets Satellite System company, six satellites of the system were operating in orbit in August 2010, and two more satellites were planned to be launched in September. The group's segments are not divided into civilian and military - the same devices are used for both civilian and commercial purposes. True, the service offered by “Messenger” is somewhat specific. It is possible to transmit single-packet messages of up to 256 characters with delivery to other parts of the world with a typical delay of several tens of minutes. It is possible to access the Internet - communication is carried out via the WAP protocol at a speed of 2.7 Kbps, the session will last as long as your terminal “sees” the satellite.

Upgrading such a system to the level of the Iridium satellite communications system means, in essence, building the communications system from scratch. This is exactly the scenario that was proposed in 2010 in the “Messenger” Satellite System.” Namely: to increase the satellite fleet to 48 satellites, eight in six planes, which will provide global coverage and functionality at the highest technological level possible at this time. We are talking about high-speed Internet access, telephone communications, a service for determining coordinates, monitoring remote objects, etc. The Gonets company did not specify the project estimate, saying that it has not yet been finalized.

In terms of its technical parameters, the system they proposed is close to the Iridium global network (in particular, the presence of communication channels between the satellites themselves, which is a unique design feature of Iridium).

Questions arise mainly from the technical solutions proposed by the authors, while the idea of creating a near-Earth information space was generally supported by Roscosmos and the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications. However, experts from Roscosmos doubt that the state will undertake to finance the creation of a record satellite fleet for the country in the foreseeable future: after the completion of work on GLONASS, the next priority will be the creation of a multi-purpose satellite system “Arctic”, designed to support Russian ambitions for the development of the Arctic Ocean region.

“We are going to create a global information environment in ground, air and space,” Prime-TASS quoted deputy head of Roscosmos Anatoly Shilov as saying in 2010. “The project is to develop a new generation radio channel, as well as to create a new satellite system to carry space Internet to places where optical fiber will never reach.” The very idea of creating such a system is approved by the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications, but the technical solutions included in the project are called crude by the ministry, requiring further refinement and evaluation.

Be that as it may, the project entitled “Providing high-speed access to information networks using satellite communication systems” is included in the list of 24 economic modernization projects, the rationale for which was sent by the relevant departments in mid-July 2010 to the Ministry of Economic Development. The Gonets Satellite System company hopes that their project can be implemented by adopting a separate federal target program - exactly the same way as the GLONASS project was revived. At the same time, industry experts believed that the chances of receiving funding from Cosmonet in the foreseeable future were slim.

“Financing of GLONASS began when the economic prospects for Russia’s creation of a global navigation system became clear at the level of state leadership,” says an interlocutor at Roscosmos. - In the case of Messenger, such prospects are not obvious. It is unclear who will use this system and whether it is possible to talk about the prospects for its payback. Moreover, the project is extremely technically complex and probably very expensive. We are talking about a constellation of satellites twice as large as GLONASS, as well as the creation of ground-based systems. I don’t think that the Russian budget will bear such expenses, especially since a fundamental decision has been made to create a multi-purpose satellite system “Arctic” costing about 70 billion rubles.”

Messenger (satellite communication system)

"Messenger"- Russian multifunctional personal satellite communication system (MSPSS), built on the basis of low-orbit spacecraft. The purpose of the system is to provide communication services on a global scale. The system is being developed by order of the Russian Federal Space Agency. The lead developer, operator and operating organization is OJSC Gonets Satellite System.

System composition

Currently, the Gonets-D1M system is in the stage of trial operation. The space segment is a group of 5 low-orbit spacecraft (2 1st generation Gonets-D1 and 3 2nd generation Gonets-M). The ground infrastructure consists of a system control center and four regional stations in various regions of Russia (European part, Southern Siberia, Far North and Far East). In 2011-2015 It is planned to deploy the Gonets-D1M system, including up to 16 spacecraft and 7 regional stations. Increasing the number of spacecraft in the system will significantly improve its tactical and technical characteristics, such as communication session waiting time and information delivery time.

At the moment, it is planned to launch 8 Gonets-M devices in 3 launches. The first launch is scheduled for February 15, 2013 (3 Gonets-M devices No. 14, 16, 17). The following satellites are planned to be launched in the 1st quarter of 2014.

The Gonets-D1M system is being created within the framework of the Russian Federal Space Program for 2006-2015. At JSC "Information Satellite Systems" named after Academician M.F. Reshetnev" ordered 8 new Gonets-M satellites. The next generation of Gonets-M1 satellites will also be developed there.

Purpose of the system and services based on it

The main purpose of the Gonets system is both the transmission of packetized data between system subscribers and the provision of communication between subscribers and public networks. The equipment and software of spacecraft and user terminals are designed in such a way that the system does not require continuous presence of subscribers in the radio visibility zone of the spacecraft. In the absence of radio visibility, the message is buffered in the user terminal or in the spacecraft and transmitted at the first opportunity. Currently, the following services are implemented on the basis of the Gonets system:

global data transfer
determining the location of a mobile object and transmitting coordinate information
personal communication between system subscribers on a global scale
transmission of broadcast messages to groups of subscribers
collection and transmission of telematic information
construction of departmental communication subsystems

The system's subscriber terminals are available in stationary and mobile (for installation on a mobile site) versions. The main weight and size limitation of subscriber equipment is the size of the antenna, which in the mobile version has a round body surface with a diameter of 216 mm.

If the sender and recipient of the message are within the coverage area of the same regional station, the data is transmitted directly between their terminals via the spacecraft. If the sender and recipient are located in different regions, the data is transmitted from the sender through the spacecraft to the nearest regional station, then through a ground communication channel to the recipient's regional station, and then from there through the spacecraft to the recipient's user terminal. It is also possible to transfer data to an Internet address.

The message delivery time currently ranges from one to two minutes, if the sender and recipient are within the visibility range of one spacecraft, to 6 hours. As the orbital constellation continues to be deployed, the maximum time for information delivery will decrease.

Applications and consumers

The use of the Gonets satellite system is typical for mobile satellite communication systems:

communication in remote regions
transport monitoring
monitoring of environmental and industrial facilities
communications in disaster zones
communication in the interests of various departments and ministries

The main users of the Gonets system are currently both government agencies (Border Troops of the FSB of Russia, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the Navy, etc.), as well as commercial organizations and industry enterprises (JSC Roshydromet, Federal State Unitary Enterprise SNPO Eleron , Scientific Research Institute of the Arctic and Antarctic, State Institute of Applied Ecology, LLC "Ecological Company of Sakhalin", etc.).

A typical application of the MSPSS “Gonets-D1M” is the collection and transmission of sensor information from stationary or mobile objects in hard-to-reach areas (for example, monitoring of drilling rigs, meteorological stations, transport), the transmission of confidential information between remote subscribers, as well as the collection and transmission of information about the location of mobile devices. objects (transport). Services based on the system are provided on a global scale.

Specifications

Technical characteristics of spacecraft

Composition of the orbital constellation

Launch date	Name	Device type	No. in group	Notes
19.02 .	Messenger D1 No. 1	1996-009A	23787
19.02 .	Messenger D1 No. 2	1996-009B	23788
19.02 .	Messenger D1 No. 3	1996-009C	23789
14.02 .	Messenger D1 No. 4	1997-006A	24725	Withdrawn from the system in 2000
14.02 .	Messenger D1 No. 5	1997-006B	24726	Logged out
14.02 .	Messenger D1 No. 6	1997-006C	24727	Withdrawn from the system in 2000
28.12 .	Messenger D1 No. 10	2001-058D	27058	Withdrawn from the system in January 2004
28.12 .	Messenger D1 No. 11	2001-058E	27059	Withdrawn from the system in December 2008
28.12 .	Messenger D1 No. 12	2001-058F	27060	Withdrawn from the system in May 2006
21.12 .	Messenger-M No. 1	2005-048A	28908	Was not put into operation due to repeater failure
08.09 .	Messenger-M No. 12	2010-043C	37154	In use
28.07 .	Messenger-M No. 13	2012-041B	38734
28.07 .	Messenger-M No. 15	2012-041D	38736	In operation (since November 20, 2012)

Orbits

Systems

Currently the constellation consists of 5 satellites. A fully deployed Gonets-D1M system should consist of 12 satellites. There should be 3 satellites in each of the 4 orbital planes. .

System	Messenger-D1	Messenger-D1M
Number of satellites, PC. general (planes * satellites on the plane)	6 (2 * 3)	12 (3 * 4)
Maximum/average waiting time for a communication session, hour	2.5/1.5	1.3/0.8
Information transfer rate, kbit/sec	2.4	up to 9.6 “up”; up to 64 "down"
Frequency range, MHz	259.5-265.2	300-400
Probability of error per character	10 −4	10 −5
Coding	Block	Convolutional (k=7, r=1/2)
Access protocol	TDMA	ALOHA
System throughput, Mbit/day	10 2	10 3
GPS/GLONASS/autonomous location accuracy, m	100/-/-	10/10/800

Story

Additional Information

The Gonets-D1 satellite is the civilian equivalent of the military Strela-3.

Links, sources

"JSC Information Satellite Systems named after Academician M. F. Reshetnev"
Shortening distances for a moment (review of low-orbit satellite communication systems)
Lisov I.“Gonets-M” and “Cosmos-2416” were launched (Russian) // «

Based on the closed joint stock company (CJSC) Satellite System Gonets, formed in 1998.

The company is engaged in the development, production, management, operation and provision of communication services of satellite systems, including the sale of terrestrial telecommunications equipment, the implementation of scientific and technical achievements in the field of communications,

OJSC "Satellite System "Gonets" is the operator and operating organization of the multifunctional personal satellite communication system (MSPSS) "Gonets-D1M".

The ground infrastructure of the system consists of a system control center, a communications complex control center, central and regional stations, a flight control center, and a ballistic center. Ground stations of the MSPSS "Gonets-D1M" are located in Moscow, Zheleznogorsk (Krasnoyarsk Territory), Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and on the Tiksi Peninsula.

The diameter of the radio visibility zone of each regional station of the system is about five thousand kilometers, which allows for 100% coverage of the territory of Russia, as well as most of the territory of Europe and Asia.

Work on the program for a personal satellite communication system based on low-orbit spacecraft of the Gonets type began in 1991. In July 1992, two spacecraft of the Gonets-D demonstration project were launched and a network of ground-based subscriber stations was deployed. This made it possible for the first time in the world to demonstrate a working prototype of a communication system on low-flying spacecraft.

In 1998, on the initiative of Rosaviakosmos, the parent organization for the creation of the NSPSS "Gonets" was established - CJSC Satellite System "Gonets". The company was entrusted with the functions of the lead developer of the space system and operator for the operation and provision of personal satellite communication services based on the NSPSS "Gonets" The deployment of the system was carried out in order to demonstrate the capabilities of transmitting various types of information in the interests of government consumers using low-orbit satellites.

After the successful launch of three spacecraft (SC) in December 2001, nine Gonets-D1 spacecraft are operating in orbit.

Management of the orbital constellation of spacecraft and the functioning of the communications complex is provided by the divisions of JSC Satellite System Gonets and its branches in Moscow, Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Since 1998, cooperation with enterprises of Kazakhstan began - a project to create the Kazakhstan segment of the NSPSS Gonets, within the framework of which a regional station of the “Messenger” system was deployed near Almaty.

To complete the formation of the constellation, it remains to launch three satellites into orbit, the launch of which

By the decision of the Federal Space Agency dated December 30, 2011 on the organization of work on the control of spacecraft of the Multifunctional Space Relay System (SC MCSR) "Luch", OJSC "Satellite System "Gonets" was involved as a co-executor for work with the SC MCSR "Luch". Together with OJSC "Information satellite systems named after academician M.F. Reshetnev" company performs the functions of a system operator and develops and provides services based on the system.

Structurally, the Gonets-M1 spacecraft consists of the following main elements:

service systems module (platform) - developed by JSC ISS;
payload module (LP) - developed by THALES.

The design of the spacecraft body - a non-hermetic design - is made in the form of a rectangular prism. The power base of the spacecraft body is four longitudinal struts and honeycomb panels. The panels located along the +OZ and -OX axes are the spacecraft payload panels; instruments and equipment of the repeater and the antenna module are installed on them, respectively. The remaining panels house the spacecraft service systems equipment. Since the orientation of the spacecraft is organized in such a way that the plane XOY of the spacecraft is aligned with the Sun-object-Earth plane, and the spacecraft axis (OX) coincides with the radius vector, then the planes of the spacecraft body located along the +OZ, -OZ axes are constantly in shadows, which creates the most favorable conditions for using them as radiation surfaces for discharging heat from on-board equipment located on them. On the panels located along the +OZ and -OZ axes, service system equipment and repeater equipment with high heat generation are installed.

The spacecraft has the following antenna composition:

1 antenna D1;
6 D2 antennas;
1 antenna D3;
2 C-band antennas;
4 CIS antennas;
4 NAP antennas.

D2 antennas are placed on folding structures made of honeycomb panels, which transfer them from the starting position to the working position. The transmitting antenna D1 and two C-band antennas are installed permanently on the top plate of the PN. The D3 antenna is installed permanently on the central tower (PN design element). The KIS antennas are located in pairs on the upper panel of the PN and the lower panel of the instrument compartment. The NP antennas are located on the lower panel of the instrument compartment. The solar battery consists of two wings, each of which is mounted on a rotating device, which ensures that the solar battery is oriented towards the Sun during the operation of the spacecraft in orbit, its rotation around an axis parallel to the OZ axis of the spacecraft. The propulsion system of the correction system is installed in the software along the -ОY axis, the line of thrust action passes through the center of mass of the spacecraft. The thrust vector is directed along the -OY axis of the spacecraft, which, when issuing a correction pulse, is oriented in the plane of the spacecraft's orbit. The optical instruments of the attitude control system are placed in such a way as to ensure the required location of their fields of view: POS - to the Earth, POS - along the -ОY and +OX spacecraft axis, DMDS along the (-OY spacecraft) axis. The magnetometer is mounted on a tilting rod.

Spacecraft equipment matrix

Name	Designation	Quantity, pcs.	Manufacturer	Continuity	Note
SC "Messenger-M1"			JSC "ISS"
Repeater			JSC "THALES"
AFU PN (antenna module)			JSC "THALES"
Antenna D1			JSC "THALES"
Antenna D2			JSC "THALES"
Antenna D3			JSC "THALES"
C-band antenna			JSC "THALES"
		set	JSC "THALES"
Filtering devices		set	JSC "THALES"
Brackets, fastening elements		set	JSC "THALES"
AFU BA KIS			JSC "THALES"
Receiving antenna			JSC "THALES"
Transmitting antenna			JSC "THALES"
		set	JSC "THALES"
Filtering devices		set	JSC "THALES"
Onboard control complex
			JSC "ISS"
	YuFKV.466535.037		CJSC Scientific and Technical Center "Module"
			JSC "THALES"
	TA932MD-121RM		OJSC "IRZ"
NP (with antennas)			FSUE NPP "Radiosvyaz"
Attitude and stabilization system
Magnetometer			JSC "ISS"	17M23 (KA 14F31)
Angular velocity measurement unit			CJSC NPP "Medicon"
Solar orientation device			NPP "Geophysics-Cosmos"
Earth orientation device			NPP "Geophysics-Cosmos"
Electromechanical actuator	UDM DM-1-10		SPC "Polyus"
Electromagnetic device			JSC "ISS"
Static type sun sensor			OJSC "NPP KVANT"
UPBS			JSC "ISS"
	732.3210-0 732.3210-0-01		JSC "ISS"
			JSC "ISS"
Thermal control system
Heat pipes		set	JSC "ISS"	SC "Glonass-K", "Luch-5A", "Amos-5"
Electric heaters		set	JSC "ISS"	KA 17F13, 14F132
EO of SK pipelines		set	JSC "ISS"	KA "Gals", "Express-A", "Express-AM"
		set	JSC "ISS"	SC “SESAT”, “Express-AM”, "Amos-5"
		set	JSC "ISS"	SC “SESAT”, “Express-AM”, “Amos-5”
Correction system
Correction block	262U.278.400.00		FSUE OKB Fakel	SC "Luch-5A", "Luch-5B"
			KB "Khimmash"
Test neck	262U.198.400.00		FSUE OKB Fakel	SC "Yamal-300", "Amos-5" "Express-AM"
Interblock pipelines SK		set	JSC "ISS"
Power supply system
			OJSC "Saturn"
			OJSC "Saturn"
			SPC "Polyus"
Radiation monitoring system

Mechanical systems
			JSC "ISS"
Separation device		set	JSC "ISS"
Spacecraft design
Housing (with general assembly elements)			JSC "ISS"	Qualification as part of ICM, SI
Refueling
Fuel (hydrazine)					"OSCh" or GKhCh-3

Cable network		set	JSC "ISS"
Balancing weights		set	JSC "ISS"		Qualify as part of the ICM spacecraft

Specifications

Weight (payload (including AFU PN)), kg Weight (dry), kg Spacecraft mass (maximum), kg Spacecraft mass (at the design stage), kg Platform PDS power (for payload (over the entire orbit)), W PDS power (KA), W Design