Domain - what it is and how the domain name system works. Protecting rights to a domain name

Current Russian legislation does not provide for the concepts of “domain name” and “domain”. A mention of the domain name can be found in the technical standard RD 45.134-2000 “Technical means of telematic services. General technical requirements". According to it, a domain is a hierarchically structured global address of a network host computer in the form of a string of characters. In a broad sense, this is a symbolic (alphanumeric) designation formed in accordance with the Internet addressing rules and corresponding to a specific network address.

In the legal literature, 3 approaches to determining the legal status of a domain name have been proposed:

technical: a domain name is just a verbal designation of a network resource that specifies the path to an information resource;
civil law: the function of a domain name is the individualization of an information resource;
mixed: a domain name is a unique symbolic name designed to identify resources on the Internet.

The Civil Code of the Russian Federation establishes an exhaustive list of intellectual property objects and equivalent means of individualization of legal entities, goods, works, services and enterprises that are provided with legal protection on the basis and in the manner prescribed by Part IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The domain name as a separate object of exclusive rights is not named in this list. This, according to the courts, indicates that it is not an independent object of exclusive rights. In addition, Russian legislation does not contain rules defining the legal status of a domain name and regulating relations arising in connection with the use of domain names.

Registration

The procedure for registering domain names is not regulated by law.

From the point of view of the courts, such rules may be determined by business customs.

According to the information provided in judicial acts, the Domain Name Registration Rules, approved by the decision of the Coordination Group of RosNIIROS dated December 29, 2001, were previously in force. They were applied to second-level domains in the .RU domain.

Currently, the Rules for Registration of Domain Names in Domain.RU and the Rules for Registration of Domain Names in Domain.RF have been adopted. They can be found on the official website of the Coordination Center for the National Internet Domain (http://www.cctld.ru/ru).

These rules define general terms, as well as the rights and obligations of the parties to register domain names in a particular Internet domain, the terms for which registration is carried out, and the obligations of the parties to maintain information about the domain name. By virtue of the provisions of these documents, 2 parties participate in legal relations:

registrar - a person providing domain registration services and accredited as a coordinator;
administrator (user) - a person who applies for a domain name registration service and subsequently administers (manages) the registered domain.

The registration period for a domain name in the .RU and .РФ domains is 1 year; in the future, it can be extended by the registrar based on an application from the administrator.

Important! The contract for the provision of domain name registration services is public, which, by virtue of Article 426 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, means that it must be concluded with each person who applies for the service.

The registrar in the .RU domain has the right to refuse registration on the following grounds:

availability of a domain name in the Register of Registered Domain Names;
availability of the domain name in the list of reserved domain names;
use as a domain name of words that are contrary to public interests, principles of humanity and morality (in particular, words of obscene content, calls of an inhumane nature, offending human dignity or religious feelings).

In the Registration Rules for the .RF domain, the list of grounds for refusal of registration has been supplemented with the following:

provision by the administrator of incomplete or false information about himself;
failure by the administrator to comply with the terms of the domain name registration agreement.

Right to use

When registering a domain name, the administrator must take into account that the domain name may overlap with objects of exclusive rights: a trademark, service mark, corporate name of a legal entity, other names and names, the use of which is regulated by law.

The current rules do not directly oblige the administrator to check the domain name for such matches; they only contain recommendations for administrators to carry out such a check when registering a name. At the same time, as follows from established judicial practice, domain administrators often violate, to one degree or another, the exclusive rights of owners of means of individualization.

Let us remind you. The objects of exclusive rights are the following means of individualization:

company name;
trademarks and service marks;
name of place of origin of the goods;
commercial designation

Articles 1484, 1519 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation directly provide for the exclusive right of the owner of a trademark and appellation of origin of goods to use them on the Internet, including in a domain name. This is also true for a brand name.

You cannot use means of individualization that are confusingly similar to means of individualization owned by third parties who previously acquired the corresponding exclusive right. If a domain name uses a means of individualization that legally belongs to a third party, then this person may go to court in accordance with Article 1252 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation if the right to the means of individualization arose earlier than the domain name and the means of individualization and the domain name are identical or similar before degree of confusion, and also has registration priority over the domain name. The opposite situation is also possible - when registering a domain name, the domain administrator began using this name before the priority date of the trademark. Here, the exclusive rights of third parties to means of individualization are not violated.

By virtue of the provisions of Articles 1474 and 1539 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the transfer of the exclusive right to use a company name is prohibited, and the exclusive right to a commercial designation can be transferred to another person only as part of the enterprise for the individualization of which it is used.

An analysis of these norms shows that only the copyright holder who has an exclusive right to the company name can use a business name in a domain name. A commercial designation can be used to register a domain name only if the exclusive right to such designation is transferred to the domain administrator under an agreement as part of the enterprise that it individualizes, or under a commercial concession agreement. It follows from this that the right to use a domain name is lost by the administrator if it violates the exclusive rights of the owners of means of individualization.

Protection of rights

Due to the fact that a domain name is not the object of exclusive rights, when it is registered, the owner does not acquire exclusive rights. However, he is undoubtedly endowed with a certain amount of rights. In particular, the administrator:

determines the procedure for using the domain name and administering the information resource itself;
provides organizational and technical support for the functioning of the domain;
bears responsibility for possible violation of rights to means of individualization, as well as for conflict situations arising when using the domain.

As already noted, registration of a domain name is possible only if it is not in the Register of Registered Domain Names and in the list of reserved domain names. These are the basic conditions under which a domain name is registered. This means that the Rules for Registration of Domain Names in Domain.RU and the Rules for Registration of Domain Names in Domain.RF already contain a mechanism that prevents the illegal use of someone else’s domain name.

In accordance with the above, the right to a domain name can be defined as a set of rights of the domain owner to administer and establish the procedure for using the domain by other Internet users.

Since a domain name is not the object of exclusive rights and does not relate to things or other property, the legislation does not provide for the possibility of filing a claim for recognition or protection of the right to it; the conditions and subjects of legal relations are not defined.

Vitaly Borodkin , senior lawyer

Legal company "PRIORITET"

Approved Ministry of Communications of Russia 06/26/2000

Azarov M.S. Domain names in the structure of civil and information law // Information law. 2010. No. 2

Art. 1225 Civil Code of the Russian Federation; clause 23 of the resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and the Plenum of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated March 26, 2009 No. 5/29

Decision of the Arbitration Court of the Irkutsk Region dated 09.09.2009 No. A19-10074/08-10-4; Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Moscow District dated September 27, 2010 No. KG-A40/10685-10

Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Moscow District dated July 29, 2003 No. KG-A40/4894-03

Resolution of the First Arbitration Court of Appeal dated October 22, 2009 No. A38-2321/2009

Approved by decision of the Coordination Center for the National Internet Domain dated June 17, 2009 No. 2009-08/53

Approved decision of the Coordination Center of the national Internet domain No. 2010-15/97

Clause 3.1 of the Rules for registration of domain names in domain.RU, approved. decision of the Coordination Center for the national Internet domain dated June 17, 2009 No. 2009-08/53; clause 1.4 of the Rules for registration of domain names in domain.RF, approved. decision of the Coordination Center of the national Internet domain No. 2010-15/97

Clause 3.6 of the Rules for registering domain names in the domain.RF

Art. 1225 Civil Code of the Russian Federation

I. Zet. 1474, p. Zet. 1484, p. Zet. 1519, paragraph 2 of Art. 1539 Civil Code of the Russian Federation

Resolutions of the FAS Moscow District dated December 10, 2010 No. KG-A40/14119-10, East Siberian District dated March 16, 2010 No. A19-10074/08, Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated December 8, 2009 No. 9833/09; decision of the Moscow Arbitration Court dated October 22, 2003 No. A40-32697/03-83-300

Vitaly Borodkin
senior lawyer

Domain name concept

Current Russian legislation does not provide for the concepts of “domain name” and “domain”. A mention of the domain name can be found in the technical standard RD 45.134-2000 “Technical means of telematic services. General technical requirements. According to it, a domain is a hierarchically structured global address of a network host computer in the form of a string of characters. In a broad sense, this is a symbolic (alphanumeric) designation formed in accordance with the Internet addressing rules and corresponding to a specific network address.

In the legal literature, 3 approaches to determining the legal status of a domain name have been proposed:

technical: a domain name is just a verbal designation of a network resource that specifies the path to an information resource;
civil law: the function of a domain name is the individualization of an information resource;
mixed: a domain name is a unique symbolic name designed to identify resources on the Internet.

Registration

The procedure for registering domain names is not regulated by law.

From the point of view of the courts, such rules may be determined by business customs.

registrar - a person providing domain registration services and accredited by the coordinator;
administrator (user) - a person who applies for a domain name registration service and subsequently administers (manages) the registered domain.

The registration period for a domain name in the .RU and .РФ domains is 1 year; in the future, it can be extended by the registrar based on an application from the administrator.

The registrar in the .RU domain has the right to refuse registration on the following grounds:

availability of a domain name in the Register of Registered Domain Names;
availability of the domain name in the list of reserved domain names;
use as a domain name of words that are contrary to public interests, principles of humanity and morality (in particular, words of obscene content, calls of an inhumane nature, offending human dignity or religious feelings).

In the Registration Rules for the .RF domain, the list of grounds for refusal of registration has been supplemented with the following:

provision by the administrator of incomplete or false information about himself;
failure by the administrator to comply with the terms of the domain name registration agreement.

Right to use

Let us remind you. The objects of exclusive rights are the following means of individualization:

company name;
trademarks and service marks;
name of place of origin of the goods;
commercial designation

Protection of rights

determines the procedure for using the domain name and administering the information resource itself;
provides organizational and technical support for the functioning of the domain;
bears responsibility for possible violation of rights to means of individualization, as well as for conflict situations arising when using the domain.

In accordance with the above, the right to a domain name can be defined as a set of rights of the domain owner to administer and establish the procedure for using the domain by other Internet users.

Since a domain name is not the object of exclusive rights and does not relate to things or other property, the legislation does not provide for the possibility of filing a claim for recognition or protection of the right to it, the conditions and subjects of legal relations are not defined.

Approved Ministry of Communications of Russia 06/26/2000

Azarov M.S. Domain names in the structure of civil and information law // Information law. 2010. No. 2

Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Moscow District dated July 29, 2003 No. KG-A40/4894-03

Hello, dear readers of the blog site. This blog has detailed information. After or while reading this publication, I advise you to read that article so that a complete picture emerges. I also advise you to read my publications on the topic of what and means.

Today we have a question on our agenda - what is domain or domain name(essentially, these are synonyms). Well, it's actually simple. This is the name for the site, which is assigned to it instead of the difficult-to-remember IP address of the server on which this site is hosted (see). Enter this name in the address bar of your browser and the site will open.

But the difficulties arise precisely in the details. What are they, how does it all work, what domain zones are, how to understand what level domain and which of them can be registered, where this can be done and which zone to choose. There are a lot of questions and I will try to answer them all in this “small note”.

What is a domain?

As I mentioned above, domain is the name for the site..162.192.0. And besides, imagine the situation. You have placed your website on a hosting server (see what this is above) and received an IP address. But, moving to another hosting, the IP will change, which will cause a disaster. But in the case of domain names, this will not happen. Why?

The fact is that there are thousands of DNS (domain name system) servers on the Internet, which will state that the domain site is accessible at the IP address 108.162.192.0. If I move to another hosting, I’ll go to the domain name registrar panel (where I bought it), change something, and it will be written in all DNS servers on the Internet that the site needs to be searched at a different IP address. Convenient right?

Convenient, but probably not yet clear. The main thing you need to understand is the name for the site is a very important thing and it is for life (as a rule, although you can transfer the site to another domain if you wish, this is not easy). Whatever you name the boat, that’s how it will float. True, not only the name is important, but also the level of the domain, as well as the zone to which it belongs. Is it unclear again? Well, let's take things in order.

How a domain name works

Let's start with the basics. The domain record (site name) must include all levels of nesting of the domain (all zones in which it belongs) so that it is unique and does not cause confusion.

There are two main domain name registration rules:

The zones that a given domain belongs to are listed from right to left.
Dots are used as separators.

It might look like this, for example:

Net.blog.site

We get a fourth-level domain net, which is part of the third-level domain zone “blog”, which is part of the second-level zone “ktonanovenkogo” belonging to the first-level zone.ru. Nonsense, right? (my wife, who checks errors in the article, will be happy to confirm this).

What domain levels are distinguished?

Root domain(level zero) is considered to be an empty entry, denoted simply by a dot (.). In theory, the full record of a domain name should always end with a period, but in most cases it is omitted (as if meaning) and instead of the record: site.
They use the already well-established relative notation of domains (without a dot at the end):
Next comes the first level - this is usually regional(national) domains (.ru, .su, .ua, .us, .de, .fr, etc.) or thematic(.com, .edu, .org, .net, etc.). But there are also first-level domain names that include national alphabets(for example, .рф).
Second level- these are already the same domains that you and I we buy(we register with special registrars). Their prices vary not only depending on their belonging to a particular first-level domain (for example, xxxxxxx.ru is usually cheaper to buy than xxxxxxx.com), but also depending on the registrar (or its reseller - retailer).
Third, fourth, etc. — you no longer need to buy them (as a rule) and can be created independently (without registering anywhere) based on the purchased second-level domain. For example, I can create a name like this for a new site - forum..forum..

Let me explain all this again For example:

. (dot) - zero (root) level domain
ru - first level, also called top level domain or zone
website - second level domain name
blog.site - third level domain
net.blog.site - fourth level

Top (first) level domains

Apart from the zero level (root domain), because this is emptiness, then the base is the so-called zones or top-level domains(the name of any site begins with them, although it seems that it ends with them - but not the point). They cannot be bought by an ordinary person, but it is from these zones that we will choose when purchasing a second-level domain (a name for our website).

So what are they?

First (highest) level domains, assigned to countries, which are usually called among very smart people by the abbreviation Cctld, meaning country code top-level domain. Russia has two of them:
1. su is a remnant left over from the Soviet Union and now represents the space of resources in Russian
2. ru - originally assigned to Russia
Domains with national alphabets, which are usually abbreviated Idn (internationalized domain name). In Russia it is zone.rf. In fact, their names are still written in English characters (recoding occurs), but this is, as it were, hidden from view. However, if you enter the address in your browser: http://ktonanovenkogo.rf/
and after going to this site, copy its address from the address bar, you will get completely indigestible nonsense:
Http://xn--80aedhwdrbcedeb8b2k.xn--p1ai/ It turns out he looks so unpleasant. And it is in this form that it will have to be added to various services (such as ), and not in the form of ktonanovenkogo.rf. This needs to be taken into account. Yes, other problems are possible, although not obvious at first.
Upper generic domains, usually called Gtld, which means generic top-level domain, are registered (sold) regardless of the country in which the webmaster lives. The most used of them:
1. .com - for commercial projects
2. .org - for non-profit websites of various organizations
3. .net - for Internet-related projects
4. .edu - for educational institutions and projects
5. .biz - only commercial organizations
6. .info - for all information projects
7. .name - for personal sites
8. .gov - for US government agencies

How and where you can register (buy) a domain in top-level zones

As a rule, you can’t get second-level domain names just like that (and it’s better not to try, because the name for the site is too important to risk registering it with someone unknown). They cost money. Moreover payment is made annually, and then the domain lease needs to be renewed.

Let me draw your attention once again - buy second level domain names, and everything above - you can create on their basis yourself. This is usually done in the panel of your hoster in the subdomains section - these are third-level and higher-level domains, such as blog..blog.site.

There are not so many such companies (prominent examples include RegRu And WebNames), but they may have a whole network of resellers (partners) who will select and sell domains on their behalf. If you are not satisfied with the current reseller in some way or you have any tension with him, then by contacting the registrar, you can choose another reseller or go directly under the wing of the registrar.

At all no limits You can buy domains in the public zones .com, .net, .org, .info, .biz and .name. In the .edu, .gov and .mil zones, this opportunity is provided only for institutions, as well as state educational and military institutions. There are also a number of specialized first-level domains, for example, .travel, .jobs, .aero, .asia.

Second level domain names in these public areas can be purchased from any registrar(not only national), which, in fact, is what some resources use, which may have conflicts with copyright holders. The same torrent was forced to move to the public zone org, because its resource was blocked in the national domain zone ru.

Second level domains - employment verification and Whois

There are already about half a billion domain names registered on the Internet in various zones, so choosing a good (short, simple, sonorous) name in the right zone is now very easy. not an easy task(just like it's difficult). A third of the registered names are not used at all, because they were purchased for resale (successful domains can be expensive on the secondary market - sometimes many millions of dollars).

Domain name occupancy check

Therefore, the first thing you should do when selecting a suitable domain for your website is . This can be done at different registrars (the result will be the same, since they use a common database).

Below are currently releasing domains(click on price for detailed view):

Good luck to you! See you soon on the pages of the blog site

You can watch more videos by going to

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Free domain for a website - where you can get it and how to register a domain name for free on Freenom WHOIS services - information about the domain (whose it is, what is its age and history, when it is released) or IP address TOP 3 best free hosting for a website
Checking for employment and purchasing a domain name, what is the difference between domain registrars and resellers and what is WHOIS
MegaIndex Cloud and Bar - free cloud hosting and SEO extension for browsers, as well as other services from MegaIndex Checking a domain for availability or how to choose a free domain name for a website

Basic terms
General provisions
Conditions for domain registration and delegation
Processing an order for domain name registration
Domain name registration renewal
Payment for services
Changing data
Transfer of domain rights
Change of Registrar

1. Basic terms

Domain- an area of the hierarchical name space of the Internet, which is designated by a unique domain name, is served by a set of domain name servers (DNS) and is centrally administered by the Domain Administrator. A single Administrator is identified for each registered domain name.

Registry- a central domain database containing information about registered domain names, Domain Administrators, and other information necessary for registering domain names.

Registrar- a legal entity that provides domain name registration services and ensures the transfer to the Registry of the necessary information about the domain and its Administrator (providing domain support).

Executor- a legal entity that provides services for collecting the information necessary for registering a domain name, preparing the necessary documents and ensuring the transfer of this information to the Registrar.

Customer- an individual or legal entity who applied for a domain name registration service.

Domain name registration (Domain registration) - entry by the Registrar into the Register, based on the Customer’s application, of information about the domain name and its Administrator. A domain name is considered registered from the moment information about it is entered into the Register. The registration period during which domain name information is stored in the Registry is one year. The registration period may be extended for another year. Registration of a domain name may be canceled early in the cases provided for by these Rules.

Domain Administrator - the person in whose name the domain name is registered. The domain administrator determines how the domain is used; bears responsibility for the choice of the domain name, possible violations of the rights of third parties associated with the selection and use of the domain name, and also bears the risk of losses associated with such violations.

Domain administration - determination by the Domain Administrator of the procedure for using the domain and providing organizational and technical support for its functioning.

Cancellation of registration (release of a domain name) - exclusion from the Register of information about a domain name and its Administrator.

Domain delegation - placement and storage of information about the domain name and the corresponding domain name servers (DNS) on the root DNS servers of the domain, which ensures the functioning of the domain on the Internet. Domain delegation is only possible during the validity period of the domain name registration.

Order- the Customer’s appeal to the Contractor in the form established by the Contractor, containing information necessary for registration (extension of registration period) of a domain name, or changing previously reported information.

2. General provisions

2.1. The Contractor carries out domain name registration activities on the basis of agreements with accredited registrars.

2.2. To receive the Contractor's services, the Customer must accept the terms of the offer agreement, or sign it in writing and send the Order to the Contractor.

2.3. The Customer agrees that the information provided by him through the execution of Orders and other documents, including in electronic form, placed by the Customer in sections of these documents marked “publicly available” will be posted by the Contractor in search services and will be available to an indefinite number of persons. The list of information required for posting and posted with the consent of the Customer is published on the Contractor’s web server www. i-dl .ru, located at: http://www. i - dl .ru/ .

2.4. The Customer and the Contractor recognize the legal force of notifications and messages sent by the Contractor to the Customer at the email addresses specified by him in the contract and other documents. Such notifications and messages are equivalent to messages and notifications executed in simple written form, sent by the Contractor to the Customer’s postal addresses. The Contractor and the Customer, in the event of any disagreements regarding the facts of sending, receiving messages, the time of their sending and content, agreed to consider the evidence of the Contractor's archival service to be reliable and final for resolving disagreements between these persons.

2.5. Ordering a service constitutes the Customer’s consent to the document “Rules for Domain Name Registration”, published on the Contractor’s web server on the page, and the order of its changes. Ordering a service is also the Customer’s agreement to pay for the service at prices valid on the day the order begins.

2.6. The domain name registration service is considered provided from the moment information about the domain name and its Administrator is entered into the Register.

2.7. The domain name registration renewal service is considered provided from the moment information about the registration renewal is entered into the Register. In this case, the registration of the domain name is extended for 1 (one) year from the previously established expiration date of the registration period.

2.8. The Customer undertakes to comply with the requirements of the document “Terms of Use of Services” published on the Contractor’s web server at. The Customer agrees that he may be affected by the consequences of actions taken by the Contractor to prevent the negative consequences of the activities of third parties that disrupt the functioning of the Contractor's service delivery system. At the same time, the Contractor in its actions is guided by the provisions of the document “Terms of Use of Services” and guarantees the Customer its efforts to minimize such negative consequences.

3. Conditions for domain registration and delegation

3.1. Domain name registration conditions

3.1.1. Registration of a domain name is carried out by the Contractor upon receipt of an order for a service from the Customer, ready for execution in accordance with clause 4.3 of these Rules.

3.1.2. Domain name registration is not carried out in the following cases:

3.1.2.1. The domain name has already been registered.

3.1.2.2. The domain name does not meet the following requirements:

a) the fully qualified domain name ends with the zone name (. ru, . su , . org etc.); the part of the domain name preceding them must contain from 2 to 63 characters, begin and end with a letter of the Latin alphabet or a number, intermediate characters can be letters of the Latin alphabet, numbers or a hyphen; a domain name cannot contain hyphens in both the 3rd and 4th positions.

b) words that are contrary to public interests, principles of humanity and morality (in particular, words of obscene content, calls of an inhumane nature, offending human dignity or religious feelings, etc.) cannot be used as a domain name.

3.1.2.3. Upon the occurrence of the events specified in clauses 3.3.3 and 4.9 of these Rules.

3.2. Domain delegation conditions

3.2.1. The condition for domain delegation is the presence of two or more domain name servers (DNS) specified by the Customer, containing configuration files of the registered domain, and the Contractor receiving positive results from checking the correctness of their functioning.

The DNS servers declared by the Customer must have a reliable connection to the Internet (the total time of no connection with the server should not exceed 2 (two) hours per day). Maintenance of these DNS servers must comply with the requirements set forth in the international standards RFC-1032, RFC-1033, RFC-1034, RFC-1035 and RFC-1591.

If positive results from checking the correct functioning of domain name servers are not received within 4 (four) days, testing of DNS servers is terminated. The repeated procedure for testing DNS servers is initiated by the Customer by contacting the Contractor’s support service.

3.2.2. Domain information regarding domain name servers should be consistent with the current state of the network.

3.2.3. The Contractor, in case of failure to comply with the conditions set out in paragraphs 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 of these Rules, has the right to terminate the delegation of the domain during the entire registration period. Delegation can be restored only after the specified violations are eliminated.

3.3. Special conditions

3.3.1. All information provided by the Customer when registering in the Contractor’s database and concluding an agreement must be reliable. If the Customer provides false information, the registration of the Customer's domain names may be cancelled.

3.3.2. The Contractor, if there are any doubts about the reliability of the data provided by the Customer for registering a domain name, has the right, during the entire period of validity of the registration, to request additional information and (or) demand confirmation of the data provided. The request is sent by email to the Customer’s contact address specified in the contract.

3.3.3. If the Customer fails to provide additional information and/or does not confirm previously provided data within 14 (fourteen) calendar days from the date the Contractor sends the first request, the Contractor has the right:

a) reject the Customer’s application to register a new domain name;

b) suspend the delegation of the Customer's domains;

c) reject the Customer’s application to renew the domain name registration;

d) reject the Customer’s request to transfer the domain name to another person, as well as to transfer domain name support to another Registrar.

All of these restrictions can be lifted within 3 (three) business days from the date the Customer provides the requested information.

In case of failure to provide the required information within 60 (sixty) calendar days from the date of withdrawal of the delegation, the Contractor has the right to cancel the registration of the Customer's domain names.

3.3.4. To transfer rights to a domain name to another person, transfer domain support to another Registrar, or cancel a domain name registration at the initiative of the Customer, the latter is obliged to provide all the necessary documents specified by the Contractor. In this case, the information specified in the documents must be identical to the information entered by the Customer when registering in the Contractor’s database.

3.3.5. Cancellation of a domain name registration before its expiration date

3.3.5.1. A domain name registration will be canceled before its expiration date in the following cases:

a) upon a written application from the Domain Administrator, except for the cases provided for in clause 3.3.5.2 of these Rules;

b) upon the occurrence of the events specified in clause 3.3.3. these Rules;

c) according to a court decision that has entered into legal force:

Recognizing the administration of the domain by its Administrator as a violation of the rights of the plaintiff;

And/or prohibiting the use in the domain name of a designation to which the plaintiff has rights.

In this case, the person whose rights were found to be violated by the court has the priority right to register a canceled domain name. To exercise the preemptive right, the specified person is obliged to send a written request to the Contractor no later than 60 (sixty) calendar days from the date the court decision enters into legal force.

d) if the domain name does not meet the requirements set out in clause 3.1.2.2.

3.3.5.2. Registration of a domain name is not canceled before its expiration upon written application of the Domain Administrator within 60 (sixty) calendar days after the Administrator receives domain administration rights from another person or after the transfer of domain name support from another Registrar to the Contractor.

4. Processing the Order for Domain Name Registration

4.1 The domain is registered within a period not exceeding 3 (three) working days from the date of payment for this service.

4.2. An order is considered ready for execution subject to 100% payment. If the order is not ready for execution within 3 (three) months from the date of its receipt by the Contractor, the order is cancelled.

4.3. If there are several ready-to-execute orders for registration of the same domain name made by different Customers, orders are processed in the order they are received by the Contractor.

4.4. The Customer's orders for the provision of new services are executed in the order in which they are received by the Contractor.

4.5. The Contractor examines the order for its compliance with the requirements set out in these Rules. During the examination period, before making a decision on the order, the Contractor has the right to request from the Customer additional information necessary for the examination. The Customer is obliged to provide, within the period specified to him by the Contractor, the information necessary for the provision of the service.

4.6. The Contractor makes a decision on the possibility of registering the applied for domain name, or on refusing registration on the grounds provided for in these Rules.

4.7. If there is any doubt about the possibility of registering any domain name on the grounds provided for in these Rules, the Contractor has the right to suspend the registration of this domain name for a period of no more than 15 (fifteen) calendar days. After this period, the Contractor is obliged to register the domain name, or issue a reasoned refusal to register.

4.8. If there are grounds for refusal of registration, the Contractor informs the Customer about the impossibility of registering the domain name requested by him and about the grounds for such refusal.

4.9. The decision on registration, refusal to register, or suspension of execution of the order is sent to the Customer no later than 2 (two) business days from the date of commencement of execution of the order.

5. Renewal of domain name registration

5.1. Renewal of a domain name registration ensures that information about it is stored in the Registry for a period of one year.

5.2. Registration renewal procedure

5.2.1. The Contractor automatically generates an order to renew the domain name registration 2 (two) months before its expiration date. At the same time, the Contractor sends a notification about the need to renew the domain name registration to the contact email addresses specified in the Customer’s contract.

5.2.2. Renewal of domain name registration is carried out by the Contractor subject to timely payment for domain name registration services.

5.3. The Customer may refuse to renew a domain name registration until the renewal service is provided to him. The Customer may return consent to renewal at any time within 30 (thirty) calendar days from the expiration date of the domain name registration.

5.4. If the domain name registration is not renewed by the Customer before its expiration date, the delegation of the domain is suspended by the Contractor from the moment the registration expires.

If payment for the domain name registration renewal service is received within 30 (thirty) calendar days from the expiration date of the registration, and provided that the Customer has not refused the renewal, the domain name registration is extended for 1 (one) year from the previously established date expiration of the registration period, and the domain delegation is restored within 3 (three) business days from the date of receipt of payment to the Customer’s personal contract account.

5.5. The domain name registration is canceled by the Contractor if it is not renewed by the Customer within 30 (thirty) calendar days from the expiration date.

5.6. Renewal of domain name registration is not carried out by the Contractor upon the occurrence of the events specified in clause 3.3.3 of these Rules.

6. Payment for services

6.1. Issuing an invoice for crediting funds to the Contractor's current account.

6.1.1. An invoice for payment is generated by the Contractor after receiving the Customer’s request for an invoice. The request for an invoice is made by the Customer on the Contractor's web server or by telephone. The invoice is sent to the Customer by email:

For customers-legal entities and individual entrepreneurs - no later than 3 (three) working days after the Contractor receives the Customer’s request to create an invoice;

For individual customers - at the request of the Customer.

6.2. In the event of cancellation of a domain name registration before the expiration of its validity period, the funds paid by the Customer for the service of registering such a domain name will not be returned.

7. Data modification

7.1. Changing domain DNS servers

Changes are made upon request sent to the Contractor's technical support service.

7.2. Changing Domain Administrator data in the Registry

To change the Domain Administrator's data in the Register, it is necessary to make appropriate changes to the data of his contract with the Contractor.

Changes to the data in the Register will be made automatically within 1 (one) day after making the corresponding changes to the agreement with the Contractor.

7.3. Changing the Customer's data in the contract with the Contractor

The Customer's contact and identification information in his agreement with the Contractor can be changed only after the procedure for executing the order for domain name registration is completed.

7.3.1. Changing the Customer's contact information

The Customer's contact information includes: telephone number, fax number, email addresses, postal address. Changes are made by sending an application through the Contractor’s interface located at http://i-dl. ru , or by email from the contact address.

Changes made by the Customer take effect within 1 (one) hour from the moment they are made.

7.3.2. Changing Customer identification data

Customer identification data includes:

For a legal entity - full name, location, TIN;

For an individual - last name, first name, patronymic, identification document details, date of birth.

Changes in identification data are made according to an official letter from the Customer to the Contractor, after the Contractor has identified the Customer and in the presence of relevant documents confirming the changes.

When the Contractor receives an official letter from the Customer about changing the identification data in the contract, the Contractor takes action on the change within 2 (two) business days and notifies the Customer about it.

8. Transfer of domain rights

8.1. The transfer of a domain to another legal entity or individual is carried out on the basis of an official letter from the Domain Administrator to the Contractor, which is sent by the Contractor to the Customer’s email address specified in the contract, upon his request.

8.2. When the Contractor receives an official letter from the Domain Administrator about the transfer of the domain to another person, as well as an official letter from the person to whom the domain is transferred, confirming the intention to become a Domain Administrator, the Contractor, after identifying the Domain Administrator, carries out the transfer within 7 (seven) business days domain and notifies the previous and new Domain Administrators about this. At the discretion of the Contractor, this period may be increased to 30 (thirty) calendar days.

8.3. When transferring a domain to another person, the validity period of the domain name registration does not change.

8.4. An official letter of acceptance of the domain by the person to whom the domain is transferred, received by the Contractor from the specified person, constitutes the latter’s agreement with the provisions of these Rules.

8.5. The Contractor, if there are grounds, has the right to recognize the transfer of the domain name as failed.

8.6. The transfer of a domain to another person is not carried out by the Contractor in the following cases:

a) upon the occurrence of the events specified in clause 3.3.3 of these Rules;

b) within 60 (sixty) calendar days after the Domain Administrator receives administration rights from another person or changes the Registrar.

9. Change of Registrar

9.1. Transfer of a domain from another Registrar to the Contractor

9.1.1. The transfer from another Registrar to the Contractor of the responsibilities for entering information about the domain and its Administrator into the Register, hereinafter referred to as “domain support”, is carried out according to an official letter from the Domain Administrator to the Contractor, which is the Administrator’s consent to the provisions of these Rules.

9.1.2. When the Contractor receives an official letter from the Domain Administrator about the transfer of domain support from another Registrar to the Contractor, the Contractor takes steps within 2 (two) business days to transfer the specified support and notifies the Domain Administrator about this at the contact email addresses specified in the agreement.

9.2. Transfer of a domain from the Contractor to another Registrar

9.2.1. Transfer from the Contractor to another Registrar of domain support is carried out according to an official letter from the Domain Administrator to the Contractor. The letter form can be obtained upon request sent to the Contractor via email or other communication channels.

9.2.2. When the Contractor receives an official letter from the Domain Administrator about the transfer of domain support from the Contractor to another Registrar, the Contractor, after identifying the Domain Administrator, takes actions within 2 (two) business days to allow the transfer of the specified support, and notifies the Domain Administrator about this as specified in the agreement contact email addresses. At the discretion of the Contractor, this period may be increased to 30 (thirty) calendar days.

9.3. Domain support is considered transferred from the moment information about the new Registrar is entered into the Register, while the validity period of the domain name registration does not change.

9.4. The transfer of domain support to another Registrar is not carried out by the Contractor upon the occurrence of the events specified in clause 3.3.3 of these Rules.