Closing all windows windows key combination. Basic Windows hotkeys
Basic Windows hotkeys 1
So, in fact, it is. When an experienced user switches from one program to another, it is rarely difficult for him to master the new interface and new features. As a rule, everything that worked on old or other versions also works successfully with new software systems.
What is the reason? Very simple. The main attention is paid to the “friendliness” and understandability of the interface. Once in demand, proven technologies for using programs rarely undergo changes.
One of these tricks - “hot keys” in text editors such as MS Word, MS WordPad, OpenOffice.org and many others - requires a separate discussion due to their regular use.
There are several common keyboard shortcuts for managing files from application programs. These are Ctrl+N, Ctrl+O, Ctrl+S, Ctrl+Q. Let's look at the purpose of each combination separately.
To create a new document, be it a text file, an audio file or a video, in the appropriate program press Ctrl+N or select the desired menu item. To open an existing file, use the combination Ctrl+O.
Despite the ability to autosave, computer malfunctions can become a headache if the data you are editing is irretrievably lost. Therefore, it is good practice to periodically press Ctrl+S. This command saves the changes made. Sometimes there is a need to save data to another file, then the F12 key comes to the rescue.
You can print a document using the Ctrl+P command. Try using this combination and you will see that it is much easier than searching for the desired command with your mouse in the menu.
And, of course, to finish working with the program - a pleasant end to the working day - there are many options for hot keys. You can, for example, press Alt+F4 or Ctrl+W, which are standard commands for closing an application, or you can use a specially provided menu command or its hotkey - Ctrl+Q (in OpenOffice.org).
The name itself - a text editor - implies typing and editing texts. Therefore, it is worth looking at general purpose commands for editing documents in more detail.
Firstly, these are the standard operations “Cut”, “Paste”, “Copy”. Although they are described in all guides and articles (even on our website), I consider it necessary to repeat here.
So, to cut the selected object to the clipboard, press Ctrl+X or Shift+Del; to copy the selected object to the clipboard - Ctrl+C or Ctrl+Ins; to paste an object from the buffer - Ctrl+V or Shift+Ins.
Now let's talk about such an interesting feature of MS Word as working with vertical blocks of text. To understand what this is, consider an example where vertical and horizontal blocks are compared:
As a rule, most users do not even know what vertical blocks are and that all the same editing operations apply to them as for ordinary horizontal ones.
To switch to vertical block selection mode, press Ctrl+Shift+F8. Only then select the block with the mouse or the cursor keys. You can do it another way: select a block of text and simultaneously hold down the Alt key. Experiment with vertical blocks. I am sure that they will come in handy someday and will help you save a lot of time and effort.
Often the results of editing do not bring satisfaction from the work done, and you want to go back a step, or even several steps back. To do this, press Ctrl+Z. If you need to repeat the changes made, then there is a very convenient command - Ctrl+Y.
And finally: when working with documents you sometimes have to change the scale of the text. There is a special menu item for this, but it is much more convenient to turn the mouse wheel and simultaneously hold down the Ctrl key. Try it, I think you will like this simple technique.
Let's summarize:
operations with files: Ctrl+N, Ctrl+O, Ctrl+S, F12, Ctrl+P;
working with the clipboard: Ctrl+X, Ctrl +C, Ctrl+V, Ctrl+Z, Ctrl+Y, Shift+Ins, Shift+Del, Ctrl+Ins, Ctrl + selection - for a vertical block of text;
change the scale, display text: Ctrl + rotate the mouse wheel.
The document should look beautiful, so that it is pleasant to look at, so that all tables are neat, the most important thoughts are highlighted, so that there is nothing superfluous on the page and at the same time there are no unreasonably empty spaces. The ideal is not achievable, but there are a number of techniques that make it easier to change a document in order to, through trial and error, get at least a little closer to the cherished perfection.
Font effects play an important role in the perception of text. Let's look at some of them in more detail.
To underline a word, you need to select it and then simultaneously press the Ctrl+U key combination. In this case, both all characters of the selected text and the spaces between them will be underlined. To underline only words you need to use Ctrl+Shift+U. To select a block of text in italics, you can use the combination Ctrl+I. If, to increase clarity, it was decided to highlight some phrases in bold, then for this there is a convenient alternative to the mouse - Ctrl + B.
It is often necessary for a phrase to be typed in capital letters. The easiest way to do this is to immediately type in uppercase. However, it’s not always possible to do everything correctly, so a special command was developed to convert a selected piece of text into upper or lower case - Shift+F3.
All the key combinations described above work as switches. This means that to return to the previous text input mode, you must press the same key combination again that changed the standard mode. For example, the Ctrl+U command will set the font attribute responsible for the underscore. To remove this attribute and return to the normal style, you must press Ctrl+U again.
Notes and footnotes are an integral part of any creative work. Of course, you can use the menu item of the same name to insert a footnote, but it is much easier to do this by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F.
To insert a page break, it is convenient to use Ctrl+Enter.
Some things can only be done if you use a mouse and keyboard at the same time. The most common example is smooth resizing of table cells. This is achieved by resizing the cell using the mouse and simultaneously pressing the Alt key.
It's no secret that text looks much better on a computer screen or in printed form when it is aligned in width. This alignment is achieved by increasing the length of the space between words. However, such behavior is not always justified. For example, you need to type a sentence that contains a surname and initials. If you put a simple space between them, then when aligning the initials may be located far away
from the surname, which is incorrect. To eliminate this effect, there is a special character - a fixed space. The easiest way to insert it is by pressing Ctrl+Shift+Spacebar at the same time.
So, let's summarize.
to change the font effect, use the commands: Ctrl+I, Ctrt+B, Ctrl+U, Ctrl+Shift+W;
to convert letters to uppercase: Shift+F3;
to set a fixed space: Ctrl+Shift+Space;
to break pages: Ctrl+Enter.
It is impossible to know all the keyboard shortcuts for quick access to menus to simplify basic text editing operations. But the main thing is different. The main thing is to learn to use the set of commands that are used most often than others. Each person will have a unique set. Of course, there will be similarities, but in general, everyone will plan their work with documents differently. Through trial and error, you can find how to quickly perform similar operations to save time and effort.
Basic Windows 2 hotkeys
Working in Windows can be made more efficient and faster if you use not only the mouse, but also use “hot keys” - special key combinations designed to simplify and speed up work. For example, few people know that the very often used Explorer (whether without it) is launched by simultaneously pressing Win + E. Agree, this is much more convenient!
Note
The Win key is located between the Ctrl and Alt keys on the left side (it has the Windows logo on it).
The Menu key is to the left of the right Ctrl.
The combination “key” + “key” means that you first press the first key, and then, while holding it, press the second.
General purpose hotkeys
Keyboard shortcut | Description |
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Open the Start menu |
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Ctrl + Shift + Esc | Calling the "Task Manager" |
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Launching Explorer |
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Displaying the “Run program” dialog, analogous to “Start” - “Run” |
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Minimize all windows or return to original state (switch) |
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Locking a workstation |
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Access Windows Help |
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Opening the System Properties window |
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Open file search window |
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Open computer search window |
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Take a screenshot of the entire screen |
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Alt + Printscreen | Take a screenshot of the currently active window |
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Switches between taskbar buttons |
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Win + Shift + Tab |
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Move between panels. For example, between the desktop and the Quick Launch panel |
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Select everything (objects, text) |
Copy to clipboard (objects, text) |
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Cut to clipboard (objects, text) |
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Paste from clipboard (objects, text) |
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Create a new document, project, or similar action. In Internet Explorer, this opens a new window with a copy of the contents |
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current window. |
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Call a file selection dialog to open a document, project, etc. |
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Undo last action |
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CD-ROM autorun lock (hold while the drive reads the newly inserted disc) |
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Switch to full screen mode and back (switch; for example, in Windows Media Player or in a command interpreter window). |
Work with text
Keyboard shortcut | Description |
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Select all |
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Copy |
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Cut |
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Insert |
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Moving through words in the text. Works not only in text editors. For example, it is very convenient to use in the address bar |
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browser |
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Text selection |
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Ctrl + Shift + ← | Selecting text by words |
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Ctrl + Shift + → |
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Move to the beginning or end of a line of text
Move to the beginning or end of the document
Working with files
Keyboard shortcut | Description |
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Displays the context menu of the current object (same as right-clicking). |
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Calling “Object Properties” |
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Renaming an object |
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Drag with Ctrl | Copying an object |
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Drag with Shift | Moving an object |
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Drag with Ctrl + Shift | Create an object shortcut |
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Ctrl clicks | Selecting multiple objects in random order |
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Shift clicks | Selecting multiple adjacent objects |
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Same as double clicking on an object |
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Deleting an object |
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Permanently deleting an object without placing it in the trash |
Working in Explorer
Keyboard shortcut | Description |
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F3 or Ctrl + F | Show or hide the search bar in Explorer (switch). |
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Navigation through the explorer tree, folding and unrolling of nested directories. |
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+ (on numeric keypad) |
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− (on numeric keypad) | ||
* (asterisk) (on numeric keypad) | Show all folders within a selected folder |
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Refresh the Explorer or Internet Explorer window. |
Working with Windows
Keyboard shortcut | Description |
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Calling the transition menu between windows and navigating through it |
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Alt + Shift + Tab |
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Switch between windows (in the order in which they were launched) |
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Alt + Shift + Esc |
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Switching between multiple windows of the same program (for example, between open WinWord windows) |
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Closing the active window (running application). On the desktop - call the Windows shutdown dialog |
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Closing the active document in programs that allow multiple documents to be opened simultaneously |
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Calling the window menu |
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Alt + − (minus) | Calling the system menu of a child window (for example, a document window) |
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Exit a window menu or close an open dialog |
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Call a menu command or open a menu column. The corresponding letters in the menu are usually underlined (either initially, or become |
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Alt + letter | underlined after pressing Alt). If the menu column is already open, then to call the desired command you need to press the key with the letter, |
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which is emphasized in this command |
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Calling the window system menu |
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Call application help. |
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Scroll text vertically or move up and down paragraphs of text. |
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Working with Dialog Boxes
Working in Internet Explorer
Keyboard shortcut | Description |
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Displaying a list of the Address field |
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Start another browser instance with the same web address |
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Refresh the current web page |
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Opens the Organize Favorites dialog box |
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Opens the Search panel |
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Starting the Search Utility |
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Opens the Favorites panel |
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Opens the Open dialog box |
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Opens the Open dialog box, similar to CtrL+L |
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Opens the Print dialog box |
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Closing the current window |
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Switch to full screen mode and back (works in some other applications as well). |
Special abilities
Press the Shift key five times: Turn Sticky Keys on or off
Hold down the Right SHIFT key for eight seconds: Turn input filtering on or off
Hold down the Num Lock key for five seconds: Toggle voiceover on or off
Alt Left + Shift Left + Num Lock: Enable or disable keyboard pointer control
Alt Left + Shift Left + PRINT SCREEN: Toggle High Contrast on or off
Probably, every user on his way to the heights of computer mastery asks the questions: How can I speed up the system? How to make work more comfortable? And here numerous “registry tweaks”, tweaks, boosters and optimizers come into play. Some users, caught up in this process, even gain the very valuable experience of reinstalling a system that has been optimized to death.
But now let's leave such entertainment for a while and try to look at the problem from the other side. Completely different. For example, two people have cars (no, not Pentiums or Athlones, but the cars they drive). These two people get behind the wheel and race. And it turns out that one of them drives faster. You can, of course, say that his car is more powerful. But let's put them behind the same cars. Somebody will go faster anyway. Because he CAN drive fast. It’s the same with those machines that are computers. Someone barely presses the buttons, performing one useful action in five minutes. And for some, their fingers simply flutter over the keyboard, windows on the screen change at such a speed that less experienced users do not even have time to understand what is happening.
So, we conclude: in order to increase the productivity of your communication with a computer, you need to master the means of this very communication. What means do we have? Mouse and keyboard. There are not so many buttons on the mouse, and their purpose is immediately clear. But the keyboard... A bunch of keys, usually 105 or 106, and if everything is clear with letters and numbers, then with the rest of the keys it’s not so simple. But there are also key combinations! Even an advanced user may not know some of the secrets here.
Let's say right away that any self-respecting computer scientist should master the ten-finger touch typing method. Why so categorical? Simple arithmetic: how many times a day do you have to press keys on your keyboard? We can assume that quite a lot, even if you do not type several sheets of text, but limit yourself to typing Internet addresses in your favorite browser or entering a network password. Count how much time you spend looking down at the keyboard, finding the right key, placing your finger on it and pressing it. Now imagine how much shorter this procedure will be if you don’t have to look at the keyboard and search for the right key. To train a blind ten-finger finger, it takes a week or two of daily lessons for several hours. And for the rest of your life, you will gain the ability to work with a keyboard much faster and, undoubtedly, more comfortably than before. Draw your own conclusions.
Now let's figure out WHAT you need to press, or, simply put, what key combinations there are and what you can do with them. Windows Help says: "When using Windows, use keyboard shortcuts instead of the mouse. Using keyboard shortcuts, you can open, close, and navigate the Start menu, the desktop, various menus and dialog boxes, and web pages. Using shortcuts keys will make it easier to interact with the computer." And this is undoubtedly the truth.
Now let's finally get down to business and start studying these very combinations. The first table shows the most commonly used ones. If you still don't use them, get them into service immediately.
Note for complete novice users: the "+" sign between the key designations means that these keys should be pressed together, and in the order in which they are indicated. So, for example, if you see the message “press CTRL+C,” this means that you need to first press the CTRL key, and then, without releasing it, press the C key and then release them in the reverse order. If you press the C key first, and then CTRL, something completely different from what you intended will happen...
Key combinations. Table 1
| Combination | Action |
|---|---|
| CTRL+C, CTRL+INS | Copy |
| CTRL+V, SHIFT+INS | Insert |
| CTRL+X | Cutting |
| SHIFT+DEL | When working with text - cutting, when working with files - deleting without placing in the trash |
| CTRL+Z | Undo last action |
| Hold down CTRL while dragging an element | Copying a dragged element |
| Hold down CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an element | Create a shortcut for a dragged element |
| F2 | Rename a selected object |
| CTRL + RIGHT ARROW | Move the cursor to the beginning of the next word |
| CTRL + LEFT ARROW | Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word |
| CTRL + DOWN ARROW | Move the cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph |
| CTRL + UP ARROW | Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph |
| CTRL + SHIFT with any arrow | Selecting a paragraph |
| SHIFT with any arrow | Select multiple items in a window or desktop, or select text in a document |
| CTRL+A | Select all |
| F3 | Open search window |
| ALT+ENTER, ALT+double click | Launching the properties window for the selected object |
| ALT+F4 | Close active window |
| ALT + SPACEBAR | Open the system menu of the active window |
| ALT+minus | Open the system menu of a child window in a program that allows simultaneous work with several windows |
| CTRL+F4 | Close the active document in a program that allows simultaneous work with several documents |
| ALT+TAB | Go to next window |
| ALT+SHIFT+TAB | Go to the next window in the opposite direction |
| ALT+F6 | Moving to the next document in a program that allows simultaneous work with several documents |
| ALT+ESC | Switch between items in the order they were opened |
| F6 | Switch between screen elements in a window or desktop |
| F4 | Display the address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer |
| SHIFT+F10 | Open the context menu for the selected element |
| CTRL+ESC | Opening the Start menu |
| ALT + underlined letter in menu title | Display the corresponding menu |
| Underlined letter in open menu command name | Execute the appropriate command |
| F10 | Activating the menu bar of the current program |
| F5 | Refresh the active window |
| BACKSPACE | View a folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer. When working with text, delete the character to the left of the cursor." |
| DELETE | When working with files, delete the file to the trash. When working with text, delete the character to the right of the cursor |
| ESC | Cancel current action |
| SHIFT when inserting a CD into the drive | Refusal of automatic start |
Now let's see what you can do with the keyboard in dialog boxes.
Key combinations. table 2
For those who prefer to work with Windows Explorer, the following table will be useful, which shows ways to work with the directory tree.
Key combinations. Table 3
| Combination | Action |
|---|---|
| Up and down arrows | Navigating the Explorer Tree |
| END and HOME | Move to the bottom and top position of the tree respectively |
| "*" (asterisk) on the numeric keypad. Num Lock enabled | Display all folders subfolders of the selected directory |
| Plus sign on the numeric keypad. Num Lock enabled | Expands the selected branch |
| Minus sign on the numeric keypad. Num Lock enabled | Collapses the selected branch |
| Left arrow | Collapses the selected branch, or branches to the parent branch |
| Right arrow | Expands the selected branch, or navigates to the first subfolder |
Among other things, your keyboard most likely has special keys that open up additional options. These are the Windows key, the context menu key, and the Turbo or Fn key. The Turbo key (aka Fn) in combination with the F11 key locks the keyboard. And, accordingly, it unlocks by pressing the same combination again. The purpose of the context menu button is clear from its name. As an alternative, you can use the combination SHIFT+F10. For those who have not yet understood: using this button, they call up the context menu, that is, the menu that is usually called up by right-clicking on an object.
Now let's look at the Windows key.
Key combinations. Table 4
| Combination | Action |
|---|---|
| Win | Opens the "Start" menu |
| Win+D | Minimizes windows, press again - maximizes them |
| Win+M | Minimizes windows, except dialog ones |
| Win+SHIFT+M | Maximizes windows |
| Win+E | Launching Explorer |
| Win+R | Launching the Run dialog box |
| Win+F | Search |
| Win+CTRL+F | Search for a computer |
| Win+F1 | Launch Windows Help |
| Win+U | Opening Utility Manager |
| Win+BREAK | Opening the system properties window |
| Win+L | For Windows XP - blocking the computer, or, if the computer is not included in the domain, switching users |
| Win+TAB | Switch between buttons on the taskbar. By clicking on any button, you can expand the selected window by pressing Enter. |
Now let's talk about quickly launching programs. Firstly, you can use the Run window, which, as you already know, is opened by pressing the Win+R key combination. Below is a short list of the most commonly used commands entered into the Run window.
Key combinations. Table 5
| Team | What's running |
|---|---|
| cmd, command | Command line |
| notepad | Notebook |
| wordpad | Text editor WordPad |
| calc | Calculator |
| mspaint | Graphic editor Paint |
| regedit | Registry Editor |
| winmine | "Mine Mines" game |
| control | Control Panel |
| x: | Explorer window with table of contents of disk directories (x - drive letter) |
| excel | Excel Spreadsheets |
| winword | Word processor |
If you are too lazy to type commands, you can do the following. Create a shortcut for a program or document that you plan to run frequently. Open the shortcut properties and in the "Shortcut" line, specify the key combination that will launch this shortcut.
Since you use the Windows operating system, then most likely you also have Microsoft Office installed. And, probably, you sometimes (and maybe often) have to create text documents using Word. But the text must not only be created, it must also be formatted. And to do this, you have to look up from the keyboard and use your mouse to poke at buttons and menus: alignment, underlining, font size... And if you type quickly (haven’t you forgotten that you absolutely need to master the touch typing method?), then get distracted by You don’t want a mouse at all, because it wastes quite a lot of time. So, to optimize yourself yourself, it would not hurt you to learn how to use the keyboard to format text.
By default, the most frequently used commands have keyboard shortcuts already configured. If you want to see which combination is used for which command, or even reconfigure it to your own combinations, go here: Tools - Settings - Commands tab - Keyboard button.
Well, below are some default combinations. Learn and use.
Character Formatting
Key combinations. Table 6
| Combination | Action |
|---|---|
| CTRL+SHIFT+F | Font selection |
| CTRL+SHIFT+P | Selecting font size |
| CTRL+D | Window for changing font format |
| SHIFT+F3 | Changing the case of letters |
| CTRL+SHIFT+A | Convert all letters to uppercase and back |
| CTRL+B | Adding bold style |
| CTRL+U | Underline text |
| CTRL+SHIFT+W | Underline words but not spaces |
| CTRL+SHIFT+D | Double underline text |
| CTRL+SHIFT+H | Convert to hidden text |
| CTRL+I | Adding italics |
| CTRL+SHIFT+K | Convert all letters to small caps |
| CTRL+"=" (equal sign) | Convert to subscript |
| CTRL+ALT+SHIFT+X | Convert to superscript |
| CTRL+SPACEBAR | Removing additional formatting from selected characters |
| CTRL+SHIFT+Q | Designing selected characters in Symbol font |
| CTRL+SHIFT+8 | Displaying non-printing characters |
| SHIFT+F1 (then click the text of interest) | Displaying character formatting information |
| CTRL+SHIFT+C | Copy formatting |
| CTRL+SHIFT+V | Paste formatting |
Formatting Paragraphs
Key combinations. Table 7
| Combination | Action |
|---|---|
| CTRL+0 (zero) | Increase or decrease the space before the current paragraph by one line |
| CTRL+E | Centering a paragraph |
| CTRL+J | Justify a paragraph |
| CTRL+L | Align a paragraph left |
| CTRL+R | Align a paragraph to the right |
| CTRL+M | Adding left padding |
| CTRL+SHIFT+M | Removing left indentation |
| CTRL+T | Creating a lip |
| CTRL+SHIFT+T | Reducing the protrusion |
| CTRL+Q | Remove additional formatting from selected paragraphs |
| CTRL+SHIFT+S | Applying a style |
| CTRL+SHIFT+N | Applying a style |
| CTRL+SHIFT+L | Applying a style |
Editing and moving text and pictures
Key combinations. Table 8
| Combination | Action |
|---|---|
| BACKSPACE | Deleting one character to the left of the cursor |
| CTRL+BACKSPACE | Delete one word to the left of the cursor |
| DEL | Deleting one character to the right of the cursor |
| CTRL+DEL | Delete one word to the right of the cursor |
| CTRL+X, SHIFT+DEL | Deleting a selection to the clipboard |
| CTRL+Z | Cancel action |
| CTRL+Y | Repeat action |
| F2, then move the cursor and press ENTER | |
| SHIFT+DOWN ARROW | One line down |
| SHIFT+UP ARROW | One line up |
| CTRL+SHIFT+DOWN ARROW | Until the end of the paragraph |
| CTRL+SHIFT+UP ARROW | Before the beginning of the paragraph |
| SHIFT+PAGE DOWN | One screen down |
| SHIFT+PAGE UP | Up one screen |
| ALT+CTRL+PAGE DOWN | Until the end of the document |
| CTRL+SHIFT+HOME | Before the document begins |
| CTRL+A | Select entire document |
| CTRL+SHIFT+F8, then - cursor movement keys (to exit the mode - ESC key) | Select a vertical block of text |
| F8, then - cursor movement keys (to exit the mode - ESC key) | Select a specific fragment of a document |
Work with documents
Key combinations. Table 10
Hello dear visitors and readers of my notes. You are probably already waiting for my new article, because I wrote the last one more than a month ago. But during this time, the second administrator of this project with his kind nickname did not let you get bored Villain, for which he is deeply grateful.
Today this article should help you speed up and make working on your computer easier. It will become another building block in the minimum required basis of your knowledge in the field of computers in general and the operating system Widows in particular.
Many people, when working at a computer, notice that most operations often have to be repeated over and over again. In addition, sometimes, in order to launch some service or application, you have to perform a number of additional manipulations with the mouse. Imperceptibly, these additional manipulations take a lot of time and cost some extra effort. By taking note of this article, studying and remembering it, you can save yourself from this extra effort when working at the computer and save your precious time.
And so... Let's go...
I have roughly divided the article into two parts. It will be voluminous, but still I did not separate it into two materials, but simply decided at the beginning to write about various keyboard shortcuts (part 1), and then about various commands with which you can launch all sorts of useful things installed on your computer. Windows default (2nd part).
Let's start...
I conditionally divide shortcuts, key combinations or, as they are also called, “hot keys” into those that are necessary when working, let’s say, in the Windows environment and those that are used when working with text in various text editors.
There are keyboard shortcuts with the Win button. I wrote a separate note about them ““
Note: Sign «+»
between the names of two keys means that you need to press the first key and, without releasing it, press the second, and the sign «(!)»
denotes a very useful combination.
Useful keyboard shortcuts when working on a computer.
Block No. 1
F1— Help output.
F2— Rename the selected element.
F3— Search for a file or folder.
F5— Update the active window (also relevant for browsers and many other programs).
F6- Switch between screen elements in a window or on the desktop.
F10— Activation of the menu bar of the current program (top menu bar in the window).
F11- Full screen mode.
Block No. 2
Tab— Move forward through the parameters. (!)
Shift + Tab— Go back through the parameters.
Shift+Delete— Deleting the selected element without the possibility of recovery.
Shift with any arrow or mouse - Select multiple elements. (!)
Hold Ctrl and hover the mouse over individual elements - Selective selection. (!)
While dragging an element, hold Ctrl— Copy the selected element. (!)
While dragging an element, hold Ctrl + Shift— Create a shortcut for the selected item. (!)
Block No. 3
Ctrl+C— Copy selected text or object (to the clipboard). (!)
Ctrl+X— Cutting selected text or object (to the clipboard).
Ctrl+V— Paste text or an object from the clipboard to the place where the cursor is. (!)
Ctrl+Z— Cancel the last action.
Ctrl+A- Selecting everything in the working window - all files, all folders, all elements, etc. in the active window. (!)
All combinations of buttons in this block perform the same functions when working with text.
Block No. 4
Alt+Enter— View properties of the selected element.
Alt+F4— Closing the program (if there are no running programs, a menu appears to exit Windows). (!)
Alt + Space— System menu of the active window.
Alt+Tab— Transition from one open document to another. (!)
Ctrl+Esc- Start menu.
Backspace- Browse the folder window one level higher, and in the browser go to view the previous page.
Esc— interruption of a running action or exit.
End— Move to the bottom position of the active window.
Home— Move to the top position of the active window.
Useful keyboard shortcuts when working with text.
Ctrl + Right Arrow— Moves the cursor to the beginning of the next word.
Ctrl + Left Arrow— Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word.
Ctrl + Down Arrow— Move the cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph.
Ctrl + Up Arrow— Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph.
Ctrl + Shift with down or up arrow— Selecting a paragraph.
Ctrl + Shift with right or left arrow— Selecting one whole word.
CTRL + P— print the current page or active (selected) area
Shift with any arrow - Select text (one character, one letter at a time).
Page Up— Go to the previous page.
Page Down— Go to the next page.
End— Go to the end of the line.
Home— Go to the beginning of the line.
When working with text, the same functions perform all combinations of block No. 3
Commands "Start - Run".
Unlike the keyboard shortcuts described above, system commands “Start - Run” themselves do not perform any actions or operations, but only give us easier access to hidden corners Windows, to special services, i.e. give access to tools with which we can already perform certain operations and actions.
How to call the Run command?
Call command "Run" you can use the keyboard shortcut Win+R(button Win usually present on the keyboard as an icon Windows), and also by going to Start -> All Programs -> Accessories -> Run. This is in Windows 7 And Vista.
IN XP team "Run" is right in the menu "Start". IN Windows 7 And Vista You can also pull out the command button "Run" to a more accessible menu "Start". To do this: right-click on the button itself "Start" and select the item "Properties".
A window will open "Taskbar and Start Menu Properties". In this window, go to the second tab called menu "Start" and press the button "Tune".
Thus, after these simple manipulations "Run" command will appear in start menu bottom right.
We learned how to call the "Run" command and now let's talk directly about the system commands themselves, which will be useful to us when working with the computer.
And so... Having called, in one way or another, the command "Run" A window like this will open.
The commands to be executed must be entered directly into the field "Open" and then press "OK" or button "Enter" on keyboard. And the command, if you entered it correctly, will be executed immediately. By clicking on the small black triangle at the right end of the field, you can view the commands that have already been entered and select the required command again, if necessary.
And now I will give the necessary minimum of useful commands that you may need when working on a computer.
The required minimum of useful commands “Run”
I will build the list of commands according to the principle - from more useful to less useful - in my purely personal opinion. You may disagree with this and express your opinion in the comments to this article.
taskmgr
This command calls "Windows Task Manager". Many people know that it can also be called with a keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Alt+Del(V Windows 7 It's better to use keys Ctrl+Alt+Esc, because this way, the desktop does not close, but immediately opens "Windows Task Manager").
This is a very useful tool. With its help, you can, for example: disable or interrupt a process that has frozen, as well as remove a task for an application or program that has frozen or is not working correctly. When disabling processes, you need to be careful and you need to know what kind of process you are disabling, otherwise you can simply “knock out” your computer and have to “reanimate” it 🙂 using the “RESET” button.
msconfig
This command starts the service "System configuration". This is also a very useful command. Here you can find out which programs and services are automatically loaded with the operating system.
In addition, on the tab "Are common" there is such a useful option as "Diagnostic run", in which only the main drivers are loaded and only the main services are started. "Diagnostic run" useful when you need to troubleshoot any problems in the system that appear during boot Windows
devmgmt.msc
This command runs "Device Manager". A very useful utility with which you can find out whether there are any problems with the hardware or with the drivers for this hardware. If any driver is not installed correctly, then "Device Manager" A yellow exclamation mark or red mark will appear in front of the malfunctioning device.
Once you find out what is not working correctly, you can temporarily disable it or reinstall/update the drivers for this device.
sysdm.cpl
This command opens "Properties of the system". Here you can find out a lot of useful information about the system, as well as change various settings such as: computer name and workgroup; system performance; System Restore; remote access and more.
IN XP the interface of this utility differs from the interface in Vista And Windows 7, but the functions remained almost the same.
regedit
This command runs "Registry Editor". The system registry is a kind of database of your operating system, which contains various parameters and settings of both the operating system itself and all the programs and applications you have installed.
By using "Registry Editor" You can change settings that are not available through the regular “windows” interface. When working with the system registry, you need to be careful, since even a small change in it can simply kill your operating system. If you don't know the ford, don't go into the water; Danger! Keep out; - all these warnings can be fully applied to the Windows system registry :)
control folders
This command launches the utility "Folders settings". Here you can change the settings for displaying folders and working with them in Explorer Windows. This is where you can change the settings for displaying hidden and system folders and files, as well as many other useful settings.
Using these settings, you can also customize the appearance of folders.
cmd
This is a command line launch Windows. This is one of the most favorite tools of system administrators. Many ordinary users sometimes don’t even know about its existence. This may be due to the fact that commands are entered here in text format, without using a graphical interface.
Windows Command Line allows you to fine-tune the system. In the future I will try to write a separate article about this most useful tool.
gpedit.msc
This command runs Local Group Policy Editor. This tool is like "Registry Editor" hidden from the eyes of ordinary users, and therefore it can only be launched in this way i.e. through the team Start - Run.
It is used mainly only by administrators and advanced users. Using this tool, you can change profile settings, create your own rules for each profile, as well as for applications. But... Without proper preparation, I do not advise you to change anything here. You can simply familiarize yourself with the parameters without changing anything.
secpol.msc
She's the same Local Security Policy. As in the previous tool, you should also be careful not to change the parameters of values that are unfamiliar or poorly known to you.
Here you can change settings for different user groups and fine-tune the system. In general, a very useful thing... :)
dxdiag
This command runs the diagnostic tool DirectX
The picture shows that information about the components and drivers of the package installed on your computer is displayed here DirectX. If this very package does not work correctly, many games may not start on your computer. And if I look into the diagnostic tool, you can find out exactly DirectX Is it the case?
notepad
This command starts the standard application Windows a well-known Notebook. This is a simple test editor with minimal functions.
It is often very useful if you need to quickly write down some notes for yourself, or if you need to edit the configuration file of the operating system or application.
calc
This command launches another standard application Windows, namely Calculator.
Despite all its apparent simplicity, this calculator is capable of solving complex problems such as: calculating the sine and cosine of angles, converting numbers into various number systems, calculating statistical data, converting units of measurement and much more. Therefore, I advise you to familiarize yourself with it and, of course, use it for your health :)
Afterword:
That’s how extensive this article turned out, friends. In fact keyboard shortcuts and commands for "Start - Run" much more. In this article I described only the most useful and frequently used of them. This new knowledge that you have now received from this article (for some it is not new) should help you speed up your computer work, make it more convenient and easier. Perhaps, at first, by typing these commands and using the keyboard shortcuts that I gave above instead of using a computer mouse, your work on the computer will slow down, but I assure you, after just a short period of time, all these commands and shortcuts will become familiar to you :) and you won’t be able to without them to work for their iron friend.
In the last article, we looked at keyboard shortcuts for quickly and conveniently moving the cursor through text. There is a place here to talk about how to highlight any parts of text and fragments of any configuration.
What is text selection?
I think you have already noticed the general concept and logic that can be seen in the use of “hot keys” when working with text. Thanks to this, combinations and the corresponding actions are very easy to remember. If you understand the logic of moving through text using the keyboard, then mastering techniques for selecting text and its fragments will not be difficult.
So what is highlighting? Selecting text is an operation that allows you to select a certain fragment of text for further work with it - copy, cut, delete, move. The size of such a fragment is not limited in any way - it can be a selection of one character, word, line, page, or the entire document.
I assume you already know what it is. But I’ll tell you anyway. Highlighting is typically represented by coloring the selected piece of text a different color, usually in complete contrast to the normal current color of the background and text. Since the classic color scheme is most often used - black text on a white background, when highlighting the colors are inverted - a black (or blue) background and white text.
Selecting text with the mouse
Most often, users use the mouse to select text. Selecting text with the mouse can be indispensable where you need to select non-editable text, for example on a web page.
To select text with the mouse, you need to hold down the left button and move the cursor over the piece of text you want to select. It is possible that this is the only method you use. But the fact is that this method is not the only one and is not always the most effective, especially when you are working with edited text.
Judge for yourself. Let's say this situation: you are typing or editing text, and you need to completely delete the line on which the cursor is currently located. Of course, it will be faster and more efficient to do this only using the keyboard, pressing three keys, than reaching for the mouse, aiming and selecting the desired fragment. Therefore, we will focus on such combinations.
How to select words, paragraphs, lines and arbitrary fragments of text with the mouse.
But first, it’s worth talking about mouse selection. The standard method, which works almost everywhere, is double and triple click the left mouse button. Double-clicking allows you to select the word on which it is made, and triple-clicking allows you to select a paragraph. True, triple-click behavior may differ in different applications. For example, in the MS Word word processor or in the Mozilla Firefox browser, triple-clicking allows you to select a paragraph of text, and in some applications this technique selects a line. One way or another, wherever you need this function, try it, and you will immediately understand how it works.
In addition, you can select the desired fragment of edited text as follows. Remember once and for all: always and everywhere, in any application, text is selected using the Shift key. Excluding various consoles and command shells. But all the techniques in them differ from the standard work with text in classic graphics applications that we are considering here.
I suggest you use the following as a traditional selection with the left mouse button pressed: place the cursor at the beginning of the fragment that you want to select, press the Shift key, and while holding it, click the mouse at the end of the desired fragment. In my opinion, this gives more precise control over the selection of a piece of text.
Selecting text with the keyboard.
And now about the most effective ways. You can select any piece of text by combining the Shift key with the arrow keys for cursor control - Left, Right, Up, Down. In this case, the combinations Shift+Left and Shift+Right highlight text character by character. Therefore, this method is only suitable for small fragments of text, part of a word, a few characters. Moreover, even for highlighting part of a word, it is not always the most effective, but more on that later.
Keys for highlighting lines of text
The combinations Shift+Up and Shift+Left allow you to select text line by line, one line up and down from the cursor, respectively. It is worth noting that if the initial position of the cursor is the middle of the line, then such a combination will select a fragment from the middle of the line, starting from the place where the cursor is located, to the middle of the bottom or top line, respectively, to the place exactly above or below the cursor.
Next, let's remember the keys for moving to the beginning (Home) and end (End) of the line. Using them together with Shift will give the effect of selecting a fragment from the current cursor position to the beginning or end of the line, respectively.
Selecting a single word.
I believe you already understand the logic of text selection, so remembering the combinations of word-by-word movement through the text, you can display the corresponding word-by-word and paragraph-by-paragraph selection. Ctrl+Shift+Left (Right, up, down). But this combination is already quite complicated. The position of the fingers for him is the left little finger - left Ctrl, the left ring finger - left Shift, and the right little finger on the desired arrow key. Here, pressing ctrl and shift at the same time can be difficult. But in any case, it needs to be mastered, because it is used not only when working with text, but also in many other combinations.
Page selection
To do this, use the shift+pgUp and shift+pgDown keys to select the page up and down, respectively.
The combinations Ctrl+Shift+Home and Ctrl+Shift+Home will allow you to select the entire document from the current cursor position to the beginning or to the end.
How to select all text.
You can select all edited text at once using the Ctrl+a combination. Moreover, this combination works not only for text. Let's say you can highlight an entire web page with its help. The same combination can be used for operations with files and folders, which you can learn about in the corresponding article.
Delete selected text.
Any selected piece of text can be completely deleted using the Delete or Backspace keys, and in this case they will work the same way. Selected text can be replaced by performing a paste operation, or by typing the replacement fragment on the keyboard.
Now you can effectively edit text without using a mouse at all. And if you use these methods, you will very soon notice that the speed of working with text has increased significantly.
The only thing left to learn is the copy, cut, and paste shortcuts if you don't already use them.
The mouse is not always the ideal tool for highlighting text. It can be difficult to use it to highlight small text with great accuracy, or a large amount of text. Or maybe there is no mouse on your computer at all. This is where the keyboard comes to the rescue: it also has this function. You'll learn how to select text using the keyboard in our short note. It's very easy to do!
Selecting text using the keyboard
How to select all text
If you need to select all the text at once, press the keys simultaneously Ctrl And A.
How to highlight part of text
- First, you need to place your cursor at the location where you want to start selecting the text. You can do this with the mouse or keyboard using the arrows.
- Press and hold down the magic key Shift while pressing or holding one of the arrows. Now the cursor will move, highlighting everything after it. By pressing left or right you will select by character, and by pressing down or up you will select by line, which is much faster.
- You can also press keys PageUp or PageDown when pressed Shift. This will allow you to highlight entire pages.
This picture highlights all the keys you'll need when selecting text.
More tricks for selecting text with the keyboard
- If together with Shift press and hold the key Ctrl, then when you move the cursor with the arrows to the left or right, whole words will be highlighted. And if you move the cursor with the up and down arrows, entire paragraphs will be highlighted! This is very convenient when working with large texts.
- If while holding Shift press a key Home, the text will be highlighted before the beginning of the line. And if you press the key End, then until its end. And if in addition Shift hold on and Ctrl, then the text, depending on the key pressed, will be highlighted to the beginning or to the end of the document.
- To remember these shortcuts, simply use them often, even if they take up more time at first than your usual highlighting methods. Over time, you will speed up and your work on the computer will become even more efficient.
Now you know how to select text using the keyboard without using the mouse, and some additional tricks. We wish you fruitful work with the text!
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