Lamp connection diagram via. Connection diagram for switch and light bulb. Connection diagrams for a fluorescent lamp with a starter

When wiring is already present in an apartment or house and there is no need to connect additional light sources, then the question of how to connect a lamp is not relevant. But how can this work be done when the need arises? Here you can’t do without basic knowledge of electrical engineering and the ability to draw up a fundamental, seemingly elementary diagram.

All fluorescent light sources (housekeepers), incandescent lamps, LED lamps can be connected, as in principle all resistances present in the electrical circuit, in parallel, in series, mixed. A mixed connection is not used to connect lamps, since it is simply not necessary. But it’s worth paying attention to parallel and serial connections in more detail.

Serial and parallel connection of two or more light sources

In order to connect the simplest incandescent light bulb, as in principle any other, you need to connect one contact to phase and the other to zero, the most common alternating voltage in the CIS countries, 220 volts.

Parallel connection of lighting devices means connecting two or more sources of light flux in parallel, that is, some lamp contacts are connected only to phase, and all others only to zero, as shown in Figure 1.

A current will pass through each light bulb, which will depend on its power, just as the brightness of the light flux emitted by them will also depend on the power of each lamp. Naturally, the current I will be equal to the sum of all three currents, so the cross-sectional diameter of the main conductors should be chosen according to it. This connection is considered the most common and acceptable, since it will be possible, if necessary, to add light sources in the future and they will not affect those already installed.

With a series connection shown in the figure, the current flowing through one light bulb will depend on the power of each light source, and the voltage on them will be divided by the number of lamps and, for a given input voltage of 220 volts, will be equal to 110 volts on each light source.

This connection must be made with lamps that have equal power. This can be seen using the example of two incandescent lamps. Since if you connect one lamp of 20 Watt, and another, for example, of 200 Watt, then the lamp with a lower power will immediately fail, since the same current will pass through it as in the second lamp with a power of 200 Watt, and this is 10 times its face value. This connection can be used to increase the service life of incandescent lamps, for example, in entrances and staircases. By connecting two lamps of 220 volts and a power of, for example, 60 watts each, they will burn at half power and will last a very long time. Please note that this is only possible when connecting incandescent lamps. Connecting two or more LED lamps (luminaires) and energy-efficient lamps in series is not practical, since they already have a fairly long service life.

Connecting a lamp to one switch or several

How to connect a lamp through a switch? The main nuance when connecting is that the neutral power wire is directly connected to the 220 volt network, and the phase is broken through the switch. This is done so that you can safely solve problems with the lamp socket by turning off only the switch. If two switches are connected in series, then only when both keys are pressed will the lamp light up. These types of connection of light switches are very rarely used, only under certain individual conditions.

More interesting is the connection of the so-called pass-through switch.

The essence of this circuit for connecting one lamp is that the lamp can be turned on and off from both the first and second switches, regardless of the position of each of them. For example, this is convenient, say, in a long corridor, when entering it, a person presses the switch key 2, and calmly walks along the illuminated room, having reached the end of the corridor, there is no need to return to turn off the light, but he can lightly press switch 1, installed at the end corridor, turn off this light source. With this connection, the phase also passes through the switches.

Improving lighting by installing a motion sensor

The main function of installing a motion sensor and connecting it to the lighting system is to automatically turn on the lighting without pressing the light switch button. That is, a person entered the room or into the sensor trigger zone and the light turned on; after leaving, the light turned off on its own (automatically). When choosing a motion sensor, you must first take into account the maximum power of the lighting lamps.

The connection diagram for the motion sensor is also not particularly difficult. It can be installed with or without a switch. Simply, when the switch contact is turned on, the motion sensor is removed from the lighting network, and the lighting device is turned on directly without a sensor.

In any case, when working with voltage, be sure to comply with safety requirements, and in particular:

check the presence and absence of voltage on live elements that a person touches during installation;
lighting power supply circuit breakers must be locked;
carry out work with proper tools.

Video about connecting lamps

Many homeowners have to replace or install light switches. Most often used single-key switch connection diagram- one of the simplest schemes for turning on lamps or lamps. This article describes step by step how such a scheme is assembled.

Before starting any work related to electricity, the first thing you need to do is de-energize the electrical wiring - turn off the input circuit breaker, and also take measures to ensure that no one accidentally turns it on.

This is especially important if the electrical panel is located on a landing in a multi-story building or on the street.

For installation and switch connections you will need:

- the switch itself;
- distribution box;
- connecting wires;
- insulating PVC tape.

Connection diagram for a switch in a distribution box

Connecting a wire directly to a light fixture or switch is quite simple - it doesn't require any explanation.

This article will talk about how to connect wires from a lamp, electrical panel and switch in one junction box.

Once again we would like to remind you that all work on connecting wires in the distribution box, connecting switches and lamps should begin only after the mains voltage has been removed.

By following this simple rule, when the switch breaks exactly the phase and not the zero, you will ensure your safety and also make it safe to operate electrical equipment in your apartment.

If the switch disconnects from the load not the phase, but the neutral wire, then the wiring will always remain energized, which is not only inconvenient, but also dangerous.

For example, you need to replace a light bulb that has burned out in a chandelier. If the switch turns off the neutral wire and not the phase, if you accidentally touch the current-carrying parts of the chandelier or the base of the light bulb, you may get an electric shock, since these parts are under phase voltage.

You can determine the phase wire in the distribution wiring using an indicator screwdriver.

Again, for safety reasons, the phase wire (usually red) must be connected to the lamp socket in such a way that the light bulb is connected to the phase by the central contact of the base.

This reduces the likelihood that a person will touch the phase wire.

Switch connection diagram consists of one or more light bulbs connected in parallel, a single-gang switch, a distribution box and a 220-volt power source.

Specialized stores offer a wide range of wires for electrical wiring, so for phase and zero it is better to take wires of different colors, for example, red and blue.

So, a two-wire cable runs from the distribution board to the distribution box. It is very convenient if it is two-colored, for example, the phase wire is red and the neutral wire is blue.

In addition, a cable from the lamp and a cable from the switch are suitable for the junction box. The phase wire from the distribution board (red) is connected to the red wire going to the switch.

The second (blue) wire from switch is connected to the red wire, which is connected to the load (lamp, chandelier). As a result, we made the phase that goes to the lamp commutated.

The neutral wire (blue) from the electrical panel is connected to the neutral wire, which goes to the load (light bulb).

The result is that the neutral wire from the junction box goes directly to the light bulb, and the phase is connected to the light bulb through a switch.

The scheme works as follows. When you press the switch key, the circuit is closed, and the phase from the electrical panel is supplied to the lamp, its light bulb begins to shine. By pressing the key again, the electrical circuit is broken and the light bulb turns off.

After all connections, the twisting points are thoroughly insulated and neatly laid. It is best to connect the wires in the junction box by twisting and soldering.

Connection diagram for socket and switch in one junction box

Very often, a distribution box is installed in each room of the apartment, where all the switches, lamps and sockets of this room are connected.

In this case, due to the large number of wires going to the junction box, it is quite difficult to figure out what needs to be connected where.

How to connect a socket and switch to a distribution box?

Let's consider the option when a socket and a lamp are simultaneously connected to one distribution box.

So, two wires come from the distribution board to the box - red (phase) and zero (blue).

The procedure for connecting the switch and lamp is exactly the same as discussed above.

The socket is connected parallel to the supply wires: the socket phase is connected to the supply phase (both wires are red), and the zero from the socket is connected to the neutral supply wire (both wires are blue).

The connected wires must be well crimped and soldered, after which they are securely insulated and neatly placed in the box.

There can be many situations when you need to connect two lamps to one power supply network using just one switch. Most often, single-key and two-key switches are used, less often - cross switches. If, as a rule, there are no difficulties connecting one light bulb, then the presence of 2 light sources forces home craftsmen to think about their correct connection to the network. However, I would like to list all the possible methods, based not only on the type of switch, but also on the types of light bulbs and methods of connecting them. Next, we will describe in detail how to connect two light bulbs to one switch, providing all the necessary installation diagrams.

Types of lamps and switches

Before proceeding directly to installation, you need to clearly understand that there are several types of light bulbs that are connected to the network either directly or through ballast or rectifier-step-down equipment. In any case, each of them has its own operating voltage and power, on which the current depends accordingly.

Types of artificial light sources often used in everyday life:

Incandescent and halogen, the principle of operation is the same, only in some there is a vacuum, and in others there are special halogen pairs that increase service life.
Luminescent, as well as their variety, the so-called housekeepers and sodium.
LED, working on LED systems and on the characteristics of a semiconductor diode to emit a luminous flux.

Lamps based on tubular fluorescent lamps are still in demand in office and industrial premises, garages and workshops, and remain as a legacy in Soviet-era buildings. Despite the obvious disadvantages, such as large dimensions, humming during startup and operation, unstable glow and flickering depending on voltage fluctuations, some connection complexity, it will not be economically feasible to replace oblong fluorescent lamps with compact ones if the electronic filling of the lamps is in order, and only replacement of fluorescent lamps is required.

The fact is that the operating principle of gas-discharge light sources, as well as their energy consumption, does not depend on size and shape, and the cost of a tubular lamp without purchasing electronic components will be much less than installing a standard socket and purchasing a compact lamp that includes the necessary electronics.

lamp contacts

Therefore, it is worth thinking about how to check a fluorescent lamp and related devices before switching to other types of lamps.

Operating principle and connection diagrams

First you need to understand the operating principle of a fluorescent electric lighting device. A glow discharge in an atmosphere of inert gases with admixtures of mercury vapor causes a glow in the ultraviolet spectrum, which is converted into visible light using a phosphor applied to the inner wall of the flask.

types of fluorescent lamps

To start a discharge (electrical breakdown, after which the gas is ionized and becomes a conductor of electric current), a high voltage pulse is needed between the cathodes of low-pressure gas-discharge lamps, the connection and replacement of which are discussed in this article.

general diagram of a fluorescent lamp

To start and operate these luminaires, two switching schemes are widely used, using:

Electromagnetic ballast (electromagnetic ballast) and starter;
Electronic ballast (electronic ballast - electronic ballast).

Scheme with electronic ballasts

The algorithm for starting a fluorescent lamp is the same for both options, but the circuit with an electronic ballast (choke)

Diagram with throttle and starter

and the starter is more clear. When voltage is applied, the cathodes heat up, after which a high voltage surge occurs (about 1 kV) and an electrical breakdown occurs in the gas and current begins to flow in it.

The starter has a sealed glass bulb with bimetallic contacts,

starter

between which, when voltage is applied, a glow discharge begins to occur, heating the normally open contact plates.

The heated contacts close, and current flows through the filaments of the lamp cathodes, heating them.

After a few seconds, the bimetallic contacts of the starter cool and open, causing a sharp induction surge due to the inductance of the inductor - at this moment the lamp begins to glow.

LDS 20 W

Capacitors are used to compensate reactive power and smooth out electromagnetic interference.

Scheme with electronic ballasts

A high frequency current is generated in the electronic ballast, and the algorithm for starting and operating the lamp is programmed in the electronic circuit.

disassembled ballast

Thanks to electronic ballasts, it is also possible to carry out cold instantaneous start-up of fluorescent lamps, which reduces the service life of gas-discharge lamps, but can extend their service in the event of burnout or degeneration of the cathodes, as evidenced by blackening at the ends of the tube.

electronic ballast

The possibility of a cold start and the method of its implementation must be indicated in the device passport. A diagram with electronic ballasts is always available on the device body, following it exactly, you can on one's own connect a fluorescent lamp.

Connection diagram

Since electronic ballasts are more economical and create less noise and electromagnetic interference, they are gradually replacing outdated chokes.

Replacing a burnt out lamp

If the problem is only how to replace a fluorescent lamp, without connecting electronic components, then you must first disassemble the lamp and, being careful, rotate the tube along its axis. The direction of rotation can be viewed on the holders, or determined experimentally.

lamp replacement

Having turned the glass tube 90º, it is lowered down so that the contacts pass through the slots in the holders.

Lamp contact holder

The new lamp is oriented so that the contacts are in a vertical plane and fit into the slot, after which the tube is turned in the opposite direction. After turning on the power, make sure that the lamp starts up normally, and then insert the diffuser lamp into place.

The burnt-out lamp is disposed of, or they try to “reanimate” it using the cold start method.

How to check a fluorescent lamp and components

When connecting a fluorescent lamp, you need to be sure that the lamp and ballasts are working properly. To do this, you need to check the cathode filaments with a tester - their resistance should be within 10 Ohms.

If the tester shows infinite resistance,

then you should not throw away the lamp - it can be used for some time in cold start mode. The starter contacts are normally open, and its capacitor does not conduct direct current, that is, when testing, the resistance should be as high as possible - tens and hundreds of megohms.

When the ohmmeter probes touch the inductor terminals, the resistance should smoothly decrease to a constant value characteristic of the winding, within a few tens of ohms.

Unfortunately, using a conventional ohmmeter it is impossible to detect an interturn short circuit in the inductor winding, but if the multimeter has an inductance measurement and the parameters of the ballast are known, then if the values do not match, this defect can be identified.

A faulty throttle is also indicated by the burnout of the newly installed new lamp. Since the electronic ballast contains a complex circuit with many elements,

electronic block diagram

then there is no way to test it with a multimeter.

Installing switches and connecting them to lighting causes difficulties for the average user. Therefore, you should first understand how the simplest connection diagram for a single-key single switch works, and then more complex ones.

Lighting operating principle

Lamps of different types are used to illuminate the room. To turn them on, devices are used that close the electrical circuit through a phase. The connection is made to each lamp directly.

The simplest connection diagram for a single-key switch provides voltage supply to one lamp or to a whole group at the same time.

Key Features

The wires in the junction box are connected by soldering or using Twisted wires are recommended to be used temporarily, since the contact points oxidize, after which their conductivity decreases, and additional resistance appears, leading to heat generation.
Installation work with wiring and fittings is carried out when the power is turned off. The absence of voltage is checked with an indicator screwdriver.
always separates phase, not neutral. Due to this, the operation of electrical equipment and the replacement of lamps become safer, since the wiring can always be de-energized.
To create the correct connections, it is necessary to adhere to the color coding of the wires, where the phase is most often indicated by white, brown or black, the neutral by blue or cyan, and the ground by yellow, green or yellow-green.

Tools and materials

Here's what you'll need to get started:

pliers;
screwdrivers;
side cutters;
soldering iron with solder and flux;
switch;
cable or wire;
junction box.

Connecting one light bulb

The connection diagram of a single-key switch to a light bulb ensures that only one of it is turned on and off. Most of the wiring connections from the electrical panel, light fixture and switch are made in the junction box. It has two input wires - phase and neutral.

The input zero goes immediately to the light bulb contact. The phase is first connected to the switch input, then back to the box, and lastly to the lamp contact. Its metal body is grounded. The connections are not that complicated, although the wires can be easily mixed up.

Connecting a group of two or more lamps

The connection diagram for a single-key switch for two light bulbs ensures their simultaneous ignition.

The lamps are connected in parallel: two black and two brown wires. The taps from the contact points go to the distribution box, where one of them is connected to the neutral wire, and the other to the phase wire through a switch. The lamp contacts are connected directly to the lamp. When choosing a switch, it is important that its rating is not lower than the total power of the lamps.

Connecting a switch with a socket

When assembling a wiring diagram for a single-key switch with a socket, the main connections are made in the junction box.

The cross-section of the supply wire is 2.5 mm 2, as required for sockets. Its reserve is 10-15 cm. The socket is connected parallel to the power supply, with the same core cross-section.

A phase goes to the input of the switch, and from the output it is connected to one of the two terminals of the lamp. The neutral wire passes directly through the box and is connected to another lamp power contact. Here the wiring cross-section is taken to be 1.5 mm 2.

Connection diagram for single-key pass-through switch

Turning on lights from 2 or more places makes it easy to turn off one or more lamps at the same time when required. The most common connection diagram for a single-key pass-through switch. On the outside, it differs from a simple one by the presence of an arrow on the up and down key. On the back side it has one input and two output terminals. Such switches are connected to each other in a series circuit.

Installation of pass-through switches is difficult for people who are not particularly versed in electrical engineering. First of all, you should take into account the difference in the design of the device, which is a switch for supplying current to one terminal and then to another. Assembly is carried out as follows.

The phase is supplied to terminal 1 of switch PV1 through the box, and its outputs 2 and 3 are connected to the corresponding outputs 2 and 3 of PV2.
Input PV2 is connected to the phase terminal of the lamp. The power neutral passes directly through the box to the other contact of the lamp.

Correctness is checked by plugging it into the network and randomly switching PV 1 and PV 2. In this case, the lamp should light up and go out sequentially.

Cross switch

To turn on lighting from more than 2 places, additional crossover switches are required. When pass-through devices are combined with cross ones, connecting a single-key device below) allows you to control the lamp from 3 places.

Has 2 input and 2 output contacts. One switch of the key closes or opens two supply lines at once. Due to this, it is called a switch.

Important! The cross switch is used separately only to change the polarity of the circuit. To regulate lighting, it is used together with two walk-throughs. The assembly is done as follows.

In the standard way, 2 PVs are collected.
A cross switch is connected between their contacts A and C so that when any device is randomly switched, the load circuit is alternately closed and opened. To do this, connect outputs A and C of PV 1 to inputs X and W of the crossover, and its outputs Y and Z to outputs D and F of PV 2.

If you turn on similar ones in series with a cross switch, the number of lighting control places will increase.

Features of connecting a cross switch

Since the cross-switch circuit becomes more complex, the following must be considered when installing the cross-switch.

Wiring is made with a four-core cable.
Complex projects require an increase in the number of cable cores. Instead of a complex circuit, electricians prefer to assemble several simple, more reliable ones.

Installation of a system for switching on a lamp from 3 places

Drawing up a diagram.
Grooving grooves for wiring and holes for fittings.
Installation of fittings on the wall. The box is selected to accommodate 12 connections and wires from other systems.
Installing the machine in the control panel and laying the cable from it to the distribution box.
Connecting the neutral wire to the lamp contact.
Connecting the phase conductor to the input of the first PV and further. The switch contacts are connected through a distribution box.
Connection of the phase output from the last switch to the lamp contact.

Conclusion

Simple switches can control lighting from one point, and walk-through switches can control lighting from two or more. single-key lighting is the basis for all other types of models. Externally, all switches are similar. The difference between them is determined by the number of terminals on the rear side.