Library Information Technology Report. Computer and telecommunication technologies. IT and ensuring the safety of library collections
On June 26 of this year, I gave a presentation at the Republican seminar “Library for Youth: Prospects and Vectors of Development” for librarians of the Central Library of Crimea working with youth. After some time, I decided to post my report on the Internet for those who, for some reason, were unable to attend the seminar.
I present to your attention a report on the topic ““.
Everyone understands that the role of information technology in the library is not the least important. I think this is now one of the priority areas for library development. But sometimes it's not exactly cheap. And the Internet here acts as a more accessible technology. Therefore, I devoted the main part of my speech to him.
Many people consider the Internet to be the enemy of the library. But this is far from true. The Internet is a great tool that needs to be used correctly in your work. In any case, no matter how the Internet develops, the library must remain an intermediary that will help and provide the necessary information. You have probably already used recommendation lists of resources and the like in your work. Therefore, I won’t dwell on this too much. That is, you are already an intellectual intermediary between the Internet and the user (reader).
This year at the Nineteenth International Conference “Crimea 2012? the most discussed topic was the use of mobile technologies. And the simplest thing a library can organize is SMS distribution. This includes information about events, exhibitions, etc., and birthday greetings.
You probably receive spam SMS messages on your phone from different stores: from hardware stores, from an operator, etc. So why shouldn't the library do the same? Of course, if you do this often, it will cause negativity on the part of your reader. But sometimes it can be used. The Internet allows you to do this completely free of charge. There are a lot of services, both paid and free, for sending SMS. And even paid services charge quite symbolic money for such services. But here you need to be very careful, since you do not yet ask the reader’s permission when registering that you will send him, for example, news from your library. And by sending so-called “spam”, you violate his rights. But you can do without SMS and call your reader.
Let me give you one small example:
I very often order goods from the online store. And on my birthday, the online store called and congratulated me, which was very unexpected and at the same time pleasant. But in addition to all this, I was invited to pick up a small gift from their office, and it was doubly nice :)
But the library can do this too. For starters, at least just call and congratulate the reader. Or maybe even invite him to the library and give him a small brochure or even a book. He will be pleased. And you, I am 100% sure, will be able to raise the authority of your library. And the library will begin to “promote” itself through a similar story from reader to reader.
The Internet provides a huge amount of statistics on the use of mobile Internet. And it is the mobile Internet that is gaining great momentum. Therefore, the library is simply obliged to have not only its own website or blog, but also its mobile version.
Now a little more about what features your site has. The list provided on the slide can already be called a “standard” for a library website. Therefore, I will not dwell on it. First of all, your site should present a sea of information for the user. That's how much information there is in the library, the same amount of information your website should have. It shouldn't just be a report on your work. This should be a resource in which you can get lost. Moreover, this resource must be constantly updated. And this will allow you to achieve both greater attendance and a larger audience in the library. Information of interest to the user can be either virtual exhibitions or just photographs. The ideal tool for posting interesting information for your reader is a blog. This could be an audio blog, video blog, photo blog.
Also on the website of the Youth Library Youth Library there is now an opportunity to issue a library card online. Free registration is valid only for the promotion period and it works like this: the reader fills out a form with certain data, after which he comes to the library and reports that he has registered through the site, and they issue him a library card.
But your site will start working when it has decent traffic. There are many ways to dial it: both free and paid. One of the popular methods of attracting an audience is social networks, but the barrier to entry is quite high. It is very difficult to interest the user, and even more so to turn him into the end user of the library. The first step is to develop a clear development strategy on social networks. And then develop a high-quality content plan. This strategy should contain information on each of the social networks, and information about what you will post on them, with what frequency, and in what quantity.
For example, you can post old photographs, photographs of places where the reader never goes, surveys, holidays, etc. Anything that comes to your mind will do here. The only thing you need to think about is what information will be interesting to your reader. In addition to all this, it is possible and even necessary to place gifts and their donors. You can even give a direct link to them on a social network, perhaps they will be pleased. You can post legends and myths about the library. If they are not there, then come up with them and let them begin to appear. It is necessary to organize promotions and sweepstakes with gifts and prizes. You need to be part of different communities. Many people ask the question: “Where can we get our first subscribers?” But everything is very simple. The first thing you need to do is invite all your friends. Then take the list of your readers, search for them and invite them to your group on your page. On social networks, as in the case of mobile technologies, you need to congratulate your subscribers on their birthday. Only congratulations should not be standard, but unique. If we take, for example, the social network VKontakte, you can send some graffiti drawn by your library. Many people forget about a site like Wikipedia, where you can create not only a library page, but also place thematic links to your site from other Wikipedia pages.
My speech turned out to be more of a series of “reflections on the topic.” Although much of what has been said has already been put into practice. Of course, there is a lot more that can be said on this topic, but the speech time limit, unfortunately, was limited to 15 minutes. Perhaps, over time, I will highlight some of the implemented and ongoing ideas on my blog. As a continuation of this topic, you can read: . This is a report that I read at the republican flash seminar “Promotion of books and reading through visual culture”
In general, you need to use Internet technologies, as they are more accessible, to their full potential. After all, an online reader is also your reader, whom you should not forget and pay no less attention to.
INTRODUCTION
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN LIBRARIES
1 The essence of information technology and their main properties
2 Library as an element of information space
3 The role of information and libraries in the context of informatization and globalization of society
4 RFID in libraries
4.1 Library RFID tag
4.2 Inventory reader
4.4 Automatic book return station
4.6 Anti-theft system
4.7 Advantages over barcode
LIBRARY INFORMATION
1 The main stages of informatization of the Central Banking System of Minusinsk
2 Automated workstation
3 Library automation system IRBIS
4 The use of modern information technologies in the local history work of libraries in the city of Minusinsk
5 Application of information technologies in the practical activities of libraries
CONCLUSION
LIST OF SOURCES USED
APPLICATIONS
INTRODUCTION
information automatic inventory library
With the advent of new computer and telecommunication technologies, the capabilities of libraries as information and cultural centers have significantly expanded. New information technologies have led to the transformation of traditional library functions. New content has appeared in such basic technological processes as acquisition and cataloging. Significant changes have also occurred in the service of library readers, who have gained access to electronic network resources located on the Internet and are increasingly encouraging libraries to develop and create electronic resources. The computer has been a full-fledged librarian's tool for a couple of decades, along with a card catalog and reader's form.
Gone are the days when librarians did not own computers and did not want to learn how to do so, and they had to prove the benefits of using innovative technologies in library work.
Today, modern possibilities for using computer and Internet technologies in the library are very extensive - from simple typing and printing of text to the creation of complex information retrieval systems. This is a list of those types of library activities that today are unthinkable without the use of new information technologies:
creation and support of local and corporate electronic catalogues;
creation and support of electronic libraries;
editorial and publishing activities;
creation and support of databases (library statistics, personnel, etc.);
interaction with other libraries in the exchange of information and the creation of common information resources;
servicing visitors using media libraries, full-text databases, legal databases, the Internet, etc.;
purchasing books from online stores;
scanning services and electronic document delivery.
Automation and widespread use of electronic technology are becoming one of the most pressing problems in the library industry.
The thesis examines the possibilities of using automated computer systems in library work, organizing information flows with their help and optimizing document flow.
Goal: to analyze the activities of libraries regarding the use of modern information technologies in their space.
Object of study: information technologies in the library space.
Subject of research: information technology
Research objectives:
analyze literary sources on the problem;
determine the level of use of information technology by libraries in their activities;
analyze the activities of libraries in the use of information technologies in order to develop recommendations for their use;
Research methods:
) analysis of literary sources;
) analytical activities;
) generalization of the received material;
) survey.
Methodological base of the research: educational and methodological manuals, reports on the work of libraries on the implementation of information technologies, Internet resources.
Research base: Minusinsk City Central Library named after A. S. Pushkin
1.INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN LIBRARIES 1.1 The essence of information technology and their main properties Information technology (IT) is a generalized name for technologies responsible for storing, transmitting, processing, protecting and reproducing information using computers. It is impossible to imagine modern areas of production, science, culture, sports and economics where computers would not be used. Computers help people in work, entertainment, education and scientific research. Computer technology is the cutting edge of 21st century science. As a general criterion for the effectiveness of any type of technology, one can use the savings in social time that are achieved as a result of their practical use. The effectiveness of this criterion is especially evident in the example of information technology. From the point of view of this criterion, what types of information technologies seem to be the most promising today and in the near future? The need to save social time directs our attention, first of all, to technologies associated with the most widespread information processes, the optimization of which, it seems, should provide the greatest savings of social time precisely due to their widespread and repeated use. Analyzing the role and importance of information technologies for the current stage of development of society, we can draw well-founded conclusions that this role is strategically important, and the importance of these technologies will increase rapidly in the near future. It is these technologies that today play a decisive role in the field of technological development of the state. The arguments for these conclusions are a number of unique properties of information technologies, which push them to a priority place in relation to production and social technologies. The most important of these properties are given below. Among the distinctive properties of information technologies that have strategic importance for the development of society, it seems appropriate to highlight the following most important ones. Information technologies make it possible to activate and effectively use the information resources of society, which today are the most important strategic factor in its development. Experience shows that the activation, dissemination and effective use of information resources (scientific knowledge, discoveries, inventions, technologies, best practices) make it possible to obtain significant savings in other types of resources: raw materials, energy, minerals, materials and equipment, human resources, social time. Information technologies make it possible to optimize and, in many cases, automate information processes, which in recent years have occupied an increasing place in the life of human society. It is well known that the development of civilization is moving towards the formation of an information society, in which the objects and results of the labor of the majority of the employed population are no longer material values, but mainly information and scientific knowledge. Currently, in most developed countries, the majority of the employed population in their activities is in one way or another connected with the processes of preparation, storage, processing and transmission of information and therefore is forced to master and practically use information technologies corresponding to these processes. Information processes are important elements of other more complex production or social processes. Therefore, very often information technologies act as components of corresponding production or social technologies. Information technologies today play an extremely important role in ensuring information interaction between people, as well as in systems for the preparation and dissemination of mass information. These means are quickly assimilated by the culture of our society, since they not only create great convenience, but also eliminate many production, social and everyday problems caused by the processes of globalization and integration of the world community, the expansion of domestic and international economic and cultural ties, migration of the population and its increasingly dynamic movement around the planet. In addition to the already traditional means of communication (telephone, telegraph, radio and television), electronic telecommunications systems, e-mail, fax transmission of information and other types of communication are increasingly being used in the social sphere. The information revolution of the late 20th century significantly changed the role of libraries. Libraries are increasingly becoming information resource centers equipped with modern means of processing, storing and transmitting information. The range of library services has expanded. This is a place not only for storing and issuing books and magazines, but also centers for providing wide public access to the Internet, selecting important information and analytical material, creating electronic library catalogs and full-text databases. The use of new information technologies has increased the possibilities of access to the required information hundreds of times. The development of library automated systems is a reflection of the development of information technology in general. The computer itself is very similar in principle and structure to a traditional library. Even terms in computer technology are borrowed from library terminology: “source module library”, “catalog”, “load module library”, etc. The process of serving a user in a personal computer is very similar to the process of providing services to readers in a library. Data retrieval in the catalog, storage process, parameter classification, cataloging and other procedures are quite similar. The first most serious results in library automation were obtained by the mid-60s. Computers in librarianship were initially used mainly in the creation of library catalogs and bibliographic databases. They were made on separate large computers. The first solutions for creating machine-readable catalogs (MARC) and maintaining a unified catalog network were born. In the 70s, solutions appeared that made it possible to connect computers into a network via communication channels. This allowed the library to provide access to bibliographic databases on other computers. With the advent of personal computers in the 1980s, the creation of library systems for mass adoption became a reality. Russia has also begun work in the field of creating an electronic library. A number of projects related to the creation of specific electronic resources and their software and hardware, including via the Internet, have been carried out since 1995 and are supported by a number of government scientific and technical programs. For example, the subprograms “Federal Information Fund for Science and Technology” and “Informatization of Russia” of the Federal Target Scientific and Technical Program of the Ministry of Science of Russia “Research and Development in Priority Areas of Development of Science and Technology for Civil Purposes”, the interdepartmental program “Creation of a National Network of Computer Telecommunications for Science” and higher education" and a number of others. In 1998 The Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) and the Russian Foundation for Technological Development (RFTD) announced a competition and, as a result, began financing a number of projects related to solving the problem of digital libraries. There are a number of solutions for the deployment of a full-scale Interdepartmental Program “Digital Libraries of Russia” (EDB), which, together with existing projects and programs in this area, should solve the problem of creating an infrastructure that will improve the quality of the processes of accumulation, preservation and effective use of electronic information resources. 1.2 Library as an element of information space Studying the genesis of the information space and finding out the background of the appearance of the library phenomenon is important for understanding its current state, since “the course of events in the future can only be imagined based on the knowledge of the state of the object in the past.” In 1995, the “Concept of the formation and development of a unified information space of Russia and corresponding state information resources” was adopted - one of the most important documents for the development of modern national information policy. The structure of the information space outlined in this concept is extremely complex and includes the following elements: information and telecommunications infrastructure; mass information system; market of information technologies, communications, informatization and telecommunications, information products and services; information security system; a system of interaction between the Russian information space and global open networks; system of information legislation". Based on this, the information space can be defined as a complex systemic phenomenon, an effective method for studying which, of course, is a systems approach. The concept of “information space” combines two terms: “space” and “information”. In philosophical literature, the category “space” is one of the most developed. Space and time are forms of existence of matter. Space is characterized by such properties as extension, structure, coexistence and interaction of elements in all material systems. Consequently, this concept is used to denote extended, structured and, most importantly, coordinated in some way, i.e. interacting objects of existence. These attributive properties are inherited not only by physical space, but also by any other type of space. “Besides the possibility of being filled, space has no other property; if we abstract from the establishment of a separate place and its filling, it is empty and dead nothingness.” In the case we are considering, space presupposes information content. The concept of “information” is the substrate of all information phenomena. But for now, the difficulty of their definition is due to the unclear interpretation of this concept. The information space inherits many properties from the information substrate. Let us consider only those of them that are reproduced in the library. Information is characterized by “imperishability, growth in time and distribution in space.” The property of mobility, i.e. distribution in space is a system-forming factor for the information space; growth over time has led to increasing complexity in its development and at the same time, in accordance with the second law of dialectics, with increasing quantity it contributes to the emergence of new qualities. Very often, information is interpreted as organization, for which there are pre-prepared places and methods of use in activity systems.” Because of this, one of the main properties of the information space can be considered its structuredness. Structure and reflectivity are closely related to the modality of information. It is possible to reflect something in consciousness if the world (matter) is ordered according to certain grounds and characteristics. Thus, to reflect in consciousness means to model. The reflective essence of information allows us to define it both as a method of connecting a person with the environment and as the first stage of human adaptation to the environment and (or) its further transformation through activity. Information, as one of the methods of communication, gives rise to such an attributive property as communicability. Information can be transmitted only when it appears in a material form - a sound, a gesture, a sign. Information space arises only in the process of communication and is its result. Information as an element of activity has such essential properties as auxiliary and instrumentality. A person creates information models selectively, reflecting only those phenomena that are of value to him. Such a property as the selectivity of the subject’s reflection of the world explains two more attributive properties of information - its selectivity and evaluativeness. The property of nominativity is inextricably linked with the property of modelability. It is impossible to create a model without naming its objects and phenomena or their characteristics. Thus, the ancient Egyptians believed that a thing that does not have a name does not exist. The process of creating nomen also explains such a property of information as reduplication. This property determined the emergence of secondary information products and the secondary level of the information space; without it it is impossible to ensure its integrity. It was created by man, is a material-spiritual construct, and, therefore, the information space can be considered from the point of view of the activity approach. According to this approach, the unification of all components of activity is possible only with the help of a goal. The goal is always formed outside the system - by a system of a higher rank. Undoubtedly, the goal of the information space is to create a human habitat filled with information available to him in the process of the universe of human activity (UHA) and used for UHA. Thus, the objectivity of the emergence of the information space is associated with the mandatory information component of any activity. And therefore, the more complex the universe of human activity becomes, the more complex and diverse the phenomena (objects) located in a certain space. Naturally, information manifests its generic properties in information phenomena; it is an objective factor in their diversity. 1.3 The role of information and libraries in conditions The most significant threat of the transition period to the information society is the division of people into those who have information, those who know how to handle information and communication technologies (ICT), and those who do not have such skills. As long as ICT remains at the disposal of a small group, the threat to the existing functioning of society will remain. New ICTs: expand the rights of citizens by providing instant access to a variety of information; increase people's ability to participate in political decision-making and monitor government actions; provide the opportunity to actively produce information, and not just consume it; provide a means of protecting the privacy and anonymity of personal messages and communications. The library is a component of information support for education, and in the Internet, its role becomes life-sustaining. At the same time, the formation of the information society, the main resource, tool and product of which is information, paradoxically, has not led to the widespread flourishing of libraries and institutions, all of whose activities are related to the processing of information arrays. Moreover, the era of digital communications has been marked by the formation and rapid proliferation of commercial information companies whose main business is maintaining giant full-text databases and providing paid access to them via the Internet. In the person of such well-known companies as LEXIIS/LEXIS, ERSCO, STN and others, as well as not so large, but no less ambitious as Consultant, Garant, libraries have found serious competitors who are slowly but surely pushing them out of the serious information market (business services, management, jurisprudence and fundamental science) to the periphery (service of leisure and educational activities). Currently, it is necessary to radically change the role and functions of libraries. If they are not able to provide users with digital access to their own resources and databases around the world in the near future, they will turn into a museum of books, the value of which will decline from year to year. The isolation of libraries in providing readers with access to the sources of information they have accumulated leads to waste of financial resources and access to them. As a result, a situation arises where sometimes the only and priceless copies, so necessary for the reader, remain unclaimed. There is a need to create information systems that combine the resources of a group of libraries and make it possible to increase the efficiency of access to them by creating a single information space. The problems of automating libraries and transferring all their collections to digital format is a fairly large and complex task. The desire of many libraries to create their own information servers sometimes encounters very significant difficulties. First of all, this is a lack of financial resources and the absence in many libraries of department specialists - software developers and administrators. Teachers, students, and students are faced with differences in styles and standards of information retrieval systems. There is a problem of technocratic bias and the lack of a system-analytical approach to library automation issues. At the same time, there is great potential in this direction in universities. Currently, scientific and educational information resources make up a significant part of all resources in the region, since universities concentrate the main intellectual and cultural potential, the most advanced and qualified specialists, universities are sufficiently equipped with modern computer and telecommunications equipment. A huge number of different Web sites and digital information resources have been created, which, unfortunately, turned out to be inconsistent with generally accepted standards, which for centuries have been adhered to by the main holders of information - libraries. The stage of creating nominal information resources in the form of thematic Web sites is almost complete. But at the same time, the natural spontaneous development of Web sites containing information of varying quality, as well as free access and free placement, gave rise to the problem of systematization and expert assessment of the resources being created. Currently, there is no comparison of existing information retrieval systems, including library ones, with global educational objectives. The Internet has opened up many opportunities compared to previously existing information systems, allowing one to give impetus to personal development through virtual resources. However, it remains only an effective tool for solving problems of personality development through the very process of working with search engines. It is necessary to create intelligent self-adjusting systems that support users of any level when combining the resources of educational and library systems. It is necessary to integrate the capabilities of the libraries and structures themselves that deal with the processes of informatization and the creation of electronic information resources. 1.4 RFID in libraries The hardware and software system based on RFID technologies is intended for use by organizations, libraries and corporate associations, higher education institutions and other educational institutions that own representative collections of documents for accounting funds, ensuring their safety, accounting for the use of documents and optimizing information services for users. System functions: control of the movement of publications indoors; speeding up operations for receiving and issuing publications; reducing the number of errors when receiving and issuing publications; ease of inventory; protection against theft and substitution of publications; automatic registration of issue and return of publications. Each publication or electronic media is equipped with a special RFID tag and receives a unique identification number. Reader devices then use this number to carry out the necessary operations with the publication. Library automation using RFID technology is rapidly developing throughout the world and is beginning to develop in Russia. Barcode marking, which until recently was considered advanced, is now perceived as obsolete, due to the obvious advantages of RFID technology. 4.1 Library RFID tag Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a technology for automatic contactless identification of objects using a radio frequency communication channel (Appendix 10). A multifunctional RFID tag that completely changes the way you look at librarianship. RFID tag for libraries is specially designed for marking storage objects, including books, CD/DVDs and video cassettes. Properties: the memory of a library RFID tag has three sectors: a sector that stores the unique identification code of the tag, a user memory sector with the ability to rewrite information, and a sector responsible for security (anti-theft function that can be activated and deactivated); The library RFID tag should not be in the reader’s field of view: tags can be installed covertly; tags are easy to read, being oriented in space in any way; The tag chip has an anti-collision function: a large number of tags can be read simultaneously; RFID library tags have an adhesive surface and are easily applied to objects. Tags come in a variety of shapes: square for books, rectangular for cassettes and round for CDs; library RFID tags can be covered with a protective paper label (white or with a logo or barcode) both at the manufacturer and directly in the library; A library RFID tag has an unlimited service life and cannot be tampered with, making tagging a book in a library a one-time task. Advantages: The use of RFID simplifies data processing, significantly facilitating the daily work of library workers, and allows you to organize self-service stations that are convenient for readers (issue and return of materials). By combining identification and anti-theft functions, library RFID tags reduce time spent at every stage of the process, from catalog creation to check-out and return operations. By providing the ability to issue and accept several books at the same time, RFID technology relieves library workers from repetitive actions, which significantly speeds up the process of serving readers. Combination with existing anti-theft systems makes it possible to gradually transition to a complete RFID solution (identification + protection). Modern requirements - more service in less time. The librarian removes books from the shelf, gives them to readers, then the books are handed back, returned to the shelf, and so on many times in a row. It takes a huge amount of time and human resources to properly manage and control the movement of books in a library. Most librarians recognize that barcodes and traditional anti-theft systems have reached their limits in modern library book management, especially given today's demands: take inventory more often; reduce the time for issuing materials; effectively protect books from loss and theft; improve the ergonomics of librarians’ basic activities; improve the level of reader service. RFID benefits at every step of the way At the heart of the system is an RFID tag, which is applied to each book and provides new functionality and high efficiency at all stages of the library management process. The RFID tag interacts with an RFID station, which is compatible with any automated library information system (ALIS) and allows you to quickly update the database in real time. Book identification and anti-theft protection - efficient and easy to use. The tag is a thin label on which an antenna and a chip are applied, which have the function of contactless reading and writing of information. As a rule, the label is placed under the cover of each book. The tag may be covered with an additional security label with a barcode, library logo, or book information printed on it. Each tag can have an activated anti-theft function built into it. The main advantages of RFID systems are as follows: the speed and ergonomics of material processing increases; asset management is improved due to the high speed of processing materials and reducing the cost of time and human resources for basic operations; provides complete control over the movement of books, anti-theft function at all stages of a book’s life: initial marking, issuing and receiving books; The protection of books from theft is improved without the risk of damage to the book thanks to an improved anti-theft system. 1.4.2 Inventory reader Inventory: accessible, fast, accurate. With the use of RFID technology, it becomes much easier to carry out inventories; for this it is not necessary to close the library, since now the inventory will take approximately 20 times less time than using barcode technology (Appendix 11). A library employee only needs to walk along the shelves with a special inventory reader to collect information from the tags. The collected data is then automatically uploaded to the library database. There is a version of the equipment with Wi-Fi technology, in which case the read data is transferred directly to a PC or PDA. The exceptional inventory reader allows librarians to quickly and easily identify books on shelves. This reader was specially designed for inventorying funds, as well as for searching for specific books. The reader is connected to a computer (or PDA), which stores and displays data related to the item being read. Next, the information is transferred to the library database through a special device or contactless method. Currently, a version of the equipment with Wi-Fi technology is available, which allows you to transfer data from tags to a PC during the inventory process. Properties: the inventory reader consists of a long, lightweight handle with a flexible RFID antenna, which allows quick access to library materials located on the top shelves; the high reading speed of the reader allows the library employee to receive information from the tags by simply moving the reader’s antenna along the shelves with books; the inventory reader ensures uninterrupted battery life for 7 hours or more; The inventory reader can be used as a unique device for finding cluttered books on a shelf. To do this, just give the reader a unique tag code and walk along the shelves with the reader. Having found the desired book, the reader will give a signal. Advantages: the well-thought-out ergonomics of the inventory reader makes it very convenient for staff; materials are easily identified both on the outermost and uppermost shelves; there is no need to identify books one by one, this can be done simultaneously, in addition, there is no need to take them from the shelf; due to the high reading speed and the possibility of long-term work in offline mode, significantly less time and human resources are required to carry out inventory; since the inventory process is significantly simplified, it can be carried out more often; The inventory reader is compatible with any library information systems. 4.3 Self-service station An innovative solution for an open access fund. This station is indispensable for open access halls, because it is designed to minimize queues in the library by implementing self-service book lending operations. The system is very undemanding and has a user-friendly interface (English and Russian languages are available). Requires an automated library system and a library card. Once a reader has selected books, they must insert the reader card into the station's card reader and enter a password (to ensure that someone else's library card cannot be used), then place the books on the reader. The system automatically records books in the ABIS for a given reader, disables the anti-theft bit and issues a receipt with information about the books taken. Properties: Inch Touch Screen monitor; built-in RFID reader for reading issued books; reader for reading library cards (works with both tickets with RFID technology and bar code); friendly interface in Russian and English (other languages on request); automatic linking of read books in ABIS to a specific library card; built-in receipt printer (reminder about borrowed books); deactivation of the anti-theft bit upon completion of the book issue operation, for joint work with RFID gates. Advantages: allows readers to borrow books without the participation of library staff; speeds up book issuance processes and reduces queues in the library; reduces the burden on employees and improves the quality of service for readers. 1.4.4 Automatic book return station An automatic book return station is used in libraries with increased loads in order to reduce queues for returning books and reduce the load on librarians, especially during periods of increased reader activity. Requires an automated library system and an RFID-based (or barcode-based) library card (Appendix 12). A reader wishing to return books inserts a library card into the card reader and enters a password; when the reader is identified, he places the books (piece by piece) in a special window in the station. The system reads the code from the tag in the book, writes off this book from the reader, activates the anti-theft bit of the tag and sends the book to the receiver. At the end of the transaction, the reader is given a receipt for the books returned. A patented book return protection system ensures that all accepted books are properly registered, cannot be removed from the station, and that the library only accepts books that are relevant to the library. The version of this station is built-in, i.e. the back of the station opens into the service area and books are conveyed along a mini-conveyor into a special basket. The basket is equipped with a specialized device that regulates the actual weight of the books in it and lowers the bottom of the basket under the influence of the weight of the books. This allows you to save books from damage when falling from a great height. The system is very easy to use and has a user-friendly interface (in English and Russian). Properties: reception speed up to 600 units per hour; touch screen monitor; convenient interface for carrying out operations; built-in library card reader; activation of the anti-theft bit upon completion of the book issue operation, for joint work with RFID gates; Built-in receipt printer (reminder about returned books); Built-in RFID reader for reading returned books; maximum object size: 410 mm x 360 mm x 120 mm; minimum object size: audio cassette. Advantages: Possibility of round-the-clock return of books; the process of returning books occurs in a fully automatic mode without the participation of a library employee; books handed in cannot be taken back by the reader; possibility of installing a vandal-proof version of the station for the street. 4.5 Universal station for programming book issue marks This station is used for programming tags, that is, linking the tag identifier to a specific book in the database, both when the library switches to RFID technology, and during the subsequent processing of new arrivals. Also, this station is, in fact, a librarian’s workplace, where employees receive and issue books. With the use of RFID tags, there is no longer any need to open the book, check the barcode and deactivate the anti-theft function - all this is done automatically in one action. Moreover, you can now process several books at the same time. Since the anti-theft function is built into the chip, while the object is being identified, the anti-theft area of the chip is deactivated. As a result, the processing time for materials is reduced, books are issued faster, and queues are reduced. The ability to instantly read books in a stack makes it possible to significantly speed up the issuance/acceptance of materials and improve the quality of service for readers. Small and ergonomic, the universal RFID station works great on metal tables and is not susceptible to electromagnetic interference. Programming read/write and activating the anti-theft function is carried out in one operation. Properties: a universal RFID station consists of a medium-range reader and a flat tabletop antenna; the station can be easily installed on a desktop or built under it due to the small area and flat surface of the device; identification of books and activation/deactivation of the anti-theft function are carried out in one operation; the station has an anti-collision mechanism (the ability to read many tags simultaneously); if necessary, the number of identification objects read per second can be increased using an additional antenna. Advantages: using the station allows you to organize the quick issuance or acceptance of materials, which significantly speeds up work with readers and reduces queues; the station is a universal device that allows you to program tags in the acquisition department and use it as a librarian’s workplace for issuing/receiving books; universal RFID station is compatible with any automated information system; The station is very convenient and easy to use. 4.6 Anti-theft system Advanced anti-theft system to protect funds. When creating an anti-theft system, the latest developments in this field are used. The system combines the ability to identify objects and security functions in one device. The anti-theft system for RFID tags (Appendix 13) demonstrates the most modern algorithm for monitoring the movement of objects, which accurately responds to a tag with an activated anti-theft function. During the process of dispensing or receiving materials, the anti-theft function is activated or deactivated depending on the operation. Objects that have not been properly checked when entering the detection area immediately trigger the system's alarm mechanism. Properties: each system panel operates from its own power source and does not require additional equipment for operation; Using modern digital signal processing technology, the anti-theft system provides maximum speed and a large detection area, regardless of the orientation of the RFID tag in space; The anti-collision mechanism has virtually no limitations for this application: a large number of activated RFID tags can be detected simultaneously; the system panels are very resistant to any mechanical stress; the plastic coating of the panels can be made of any other material at the request of the customer, if an individual design of the systems is required; The standard anti-theft system consists of two panels. If it is necessary to increase the controlled passage width, additional panels can be easily added to the system. Advantages: being a stand-alone device, the anti-theft system can operate independently of the library database and be activated even if the internal library network is out of order or is under maintenance; The anti-theft system uses a single RFID tag to identify and protect against theft, offering an effective, reliable and cost-effective solution. Main advantages: Data from the tag is read contactlessly. In this case, the mark should not be in the reader’s field of view; it can be hidden inside the book. This makes it possible to read information from several books simultaneously, which can significantly reduce the time it takes to issue books to readers, as well as speed up the inventory process by 20 times. The identification tag data may be supplemented. While barcode data is written only once (when printed), the information stored by an RFID tag can be modified, supplemented, or replaced if appropriate conditions exist. Much more data can be written to a tag. Conventional bar codes can contain information of no more than 50 bytes (characters), and to reproduce such a symbol you will need an area the size of a standard A4 sheet. An RFID tag can easily fit 1000 bytes on a 1 cm2 chip. Placing information of 10,000 bytes does not pose a serious technical problem either. RF tags are more durable. In areas where the same tagged object can be used countless times (for example, in identifying books), an RFID tag proves to be an ideal means of identification as it can be used 1,000,000 times. Anti-theft function. RFID tags, unlike barcodes, have an anti-theft function. In order to protect your fund from unauthorized removal, you do not need to additionally paste anti-theft tags into the books (Appendix 14). LIBRARY INFORMATION 1 The main stages of informatization of the Central Banking System of Minusinsk Informatization is the leading process that determines the development of the information space, which includes libraries. This process began in the Minusinsk city centralized library system with the acquisition in 1995 of a computer and a photocopier, the library program AS “Library-2”. The Central Library System began to automate library processes and create electronic databases. Central City Library named after. A.S. Pushkin was created in 1927, it is part of the municipal budgetary cultural institution “Minusinsk City Centralized Library System”. Founder of MBUK MGTSBS Administration of the city of Minusinsk. MBUK MGTSBS is a legal entity. The library has a literary collection of 88,440 copies, more than 9,500 readers use the services of the Central City Library every year, and about 199 thousand different documents are issued. During the year, 1,680 different certificates are processed, readability is 20.8, attendance is 5.5. Currently, the library is equipped with computers (17), copying machines (2), a scanner, a multimedia project, video, sound reproduction and sound amplification equipment, digital video cameras (2), and modern exhibition shelves (13). There are 9 departments in the Central City Hospital: methodical; arts; automation of library processes; information and bibliographic; picking and processing; organization and use of book collections; service department; mass work department; local history department. youth services; legal and business information center. In 2004, within the framework of the city Program for library services to the population with books and the development of interest in books in the city of Minusinsk for 2004-2006, by decision of the city duma, library software was purchased: IRBIS Library Automation System, which included: automated workstation “Administrator”, “Reader”, “ Cataloger”, the volume of records is designed for 25 thousand. The IRBIS software package is installed in the Central City Library, the Central Children's Library, Branch No. 7. Using the IRBIS library automation program, an electronic catalog is maintained and bibliographic databases are formed (Appendix 1). For 6 years until 2010, the IRBIS system was successfully used in the libraries of the MBUK MGCBS. An electronic catalog has been created for the general library collection of the system, a catalog for local history publications (4200 entries), an electronic card file of articles is maintained (Central City Library, Central Library, branches). The total volume of electronic records is currently 37,220. The volume of records in its own electronic catalog is 23,700. The problem is that the city administration does not include funding for updating the program in the municipal budget; there were attempts in 2008, 2009, 2010. This year, library staff wrote a sociocultural project for municipal cultural institutions and educational institutions in the field of culture, “Reader’s Information Space,” which included a new version of the IRBIS program, which allows them to present their databases on the Internet. By the beginning of 2011, the total number of computers in the system libraries reached 41 (for users - 18). Every library has computers, but the equipment becomes outdated very quickly, so when new equipment is received from the central libraries, it is redistributed to branches. They obtained computer equipment not only from the budget: the Central Children's Library acquired all computers and multimedia equipment through grants won from the Soros Foundation, the Mikhail Prokhorov Foundation, participating in a sociocultural project of municipal cultural institutions and educational institutions in the field of culture. In order to encourage users to read, the Central City Library annually organizes and conducts creative competitions, educational and leisure events. 1.1 Introduction of innovative technologies in information and library services to the population Innovation is an introduced innovation that provides a qualitative increase in the efficiency of processes or products that is in demand by the market. It is the end result of a person’s intellectual activity, his imagination, creative process, discoveries, inventions and rationalization. An example of innovation is the introduction to the market of products (goods and services) with new consumer properties or a qualitative increase in the efficiency of production systems. The central city library is equipped with new information technologies, there is e-mail, the Internet is connected, and in 2010 the MBUK MGCBS website was created [email protected], the site is posted on the Internet. At the second stage of working with the site, an electronic catalog will be posted, a very necessary “local history” section will appear, where it is necessary to post ready-made electronic local history materials. Minusinsk Local Lore Museum named after. N.M. Martyanova suggested exhibiting digital copies of local history publications. One of the proposed directions is working with local writers and poets on the Internet, but the site is not yet designed for such a volume of information. The forum does not work, there is no feedback from users. There is a lot of work ahead. In addition to the official website of the Central Library, the Central City Library has created a blog “Student Library Cafe” <#"justify">2.2 Automated workstation Automated workstation (AWS) is a software and hardware complex designed to automate a certain type of activity. When developing workstations for controlling technological equipment, SCADA systems are usually used. Computerized workstations for teachers, students, administrators, methodologists and librarians - computers with connected appropriate peripherals, necessary software, access to the school network and the Internet - allow you to implement various scenarios of educational and administrative activities and create a unified information environment for the educational process. The task of librarians is to become navigators in the information space, specialists who can facilitate and speed up wandering in a virtual network, experts who help find and evaluate the information received. A special problem for all library users is the multimedia collection and electronic educational resources. Working with them sometimes creates great difficulties. Library employees have the opportunity to exercise operational control over the flow of books, replenishing and updating the database, writing off old information, and generating analytical reports. The “Administrator” workstation (Appendix 2) is the workplace of a specialist who performs system operations on databases as a whole, aimed at maintaining their relevance, integrity and safety. It includes the following functional blocks that allow you to configure and administer the system: setting up notifications; document flows; employees; system calendar; working employees; access groups; forms storage; contact faces; configurations; exchange servers. For the system to work, you must enter information about the structure of the organization. Using the "Employees" tool in the system, you can set the hierarchical structure of the organization by adding various departments and correlating registered users with them. For each employee, upon registration, it is necessary to fill in personal and system information and set initial rights to work with documents as part of business processes. AWP “Cataloguer” (Appendix 2) is an automated workstation of a library worker who performs all functions of creating and maintaining databases in the IRBIS Library Automation System. It contains elements grouped into blocks to perform all operating modes of the workstation, and consists of the following groups of modes: database, adjustment, search, viewing, service and help. Processing of any types of publications, including audio and video materials, electronic resources, cartographic materials, notes, etc., any completeness of description, including tables of contents of journals and contents of collections; · description of periodicals at the consolidated level and at the level of individual issues and “films”, taking into account information about the articles included in them; · technology for indexing publications (systematization, subjectization), including the automatic formation of an author's mark and navigation apparatus according to the SRNTI rubricator, the alphabetical subject index UDC/BBK, the authoritative file of subject headings and thesaurus; · data copying technology that eliminates re-entry when creating similar and related bibliographic descriptions, in particular, when creating analytical descriptions; · a system of formal-logical data control at the level of individual bibliographic elements and at the level of description as a whole; · original technology for automatic verification of doublets, eliminating repeated entry into the electronic catalogue; · solving the problem of book supply and inventory-free accounting of multi-copy literature for university libraries; Purpose and main characteristics The automated workplace "Komplektator" carries out: entering brief bibliographic data and information about publishing and distributing organizations to place orders for publications; primary input of brief bibliographic data of periodicals and data on subscription recipients; tracking order fulfillment, monitoring unfulfilled or underfulfilled orders; control of the receipt of literature in the library, entering data for the summary accounting book (SLC) about the incoming batch, generating documents for the accounting department; disposal<#"justify">2.3 Library automation system IRBIS The Central Library has installed the IRBIS Library Automation System software since 2006. IRBIS is a standard integrated solution in the field of automation of library technologies and is intended for use in libraries of any type and profile. The system fully meets the international requirements for such systems and supports all domestic bibliographic standards and formats. The system allows you to describe all types of publications. Under this program, new arrivals of books are processed, in addition, an electronic catalog of periodicals is maintained. And annually 1.5 thousand descriptions are written for the systematic catalog of articles, as well as 500 entries for the local history catalogue. Electronic catalogs are being promoted for readers of the Central Library. Individual and group consultations are provided. Individual consultations are very often carried out for students of the Minusinsk Pedagogical College (MPC), and a bibliographer of the Central Library works with them. Electronic catalogs are especially in demand by students when writing their dissertations and term papers. In 2010, 12 consultations were held. In addition, within the framework of the “Information Navigator” training center, which works for the school scientific society, group classes for schoolchildren were held, called “Search in the IRBIS system.” A review-workshop “Local history resources of the library” was conducted using the search method in the IRBIS database “Local history”. 11 lessons on search methods in the IRBIS system were conducted for IPC students. Main Feature: The system is designed to work in local area networks of any type without limiting the number of users, provided that the client platform is Windows 95/98/2000/NT and access to the file server is provided. The system is fully compatible with the international UNIMARC and USMARC formats based on a two-way data conversion tool. The system also supports the Russian communication format RUSMARC. The system allows you to create and maintain any number of databases that make up the Electronic Catalog (EC) or are problem-oriented bibliographic databases (DBs). The system offers technology for automatically generating dictionaries, on the basis of which a quick search is implemented for any description elements and their combinations. Cataloging tools allow you to process and describe any type of publications, including non-traditional ones, such as audio and video materials, computer files and programs, cartographic materials, sheet music, etc. The system supports traditional “paper” technologies, providing the ability to produce a wide range of output forms: from order sheets and summary books to indexes and all types of index cards. The system offers tools for maintaining and using Authoritative Files, Alphabetical Subject Indexes to UDC/BBK and Thesaurus. The system includes technologies focused on the use of barcodes on copies of publications and library cards. The system includes tools that allow you to use any objects external to the bibliographic document as illustrative material, such as full texts, graphics, tables, audio and video materials, as well as Internet resources. The system provides tools that allow you to enter and display characters that are not included in the standard (selected) code set, in particular, diacrites of European languages, Greek letters and other special characters. The system offers a large set of service tools that provide convenience and clarity of user interfaces, simplify the input process, and eliminate errors and duplication of information. The system has ample opportunities for adapting it to the operating conditions of a particular library, i.e. When transferring and installing the system, it can be configured in accordance with the specific requirements of the user - from the structure of the bibliographic description to user operating modes. The system is sufficiently open, which allows the user to independently make changes within a wide range: from changing input and output forms to developing original applications. As independent products that expand the capabilities of the local version of the IRBIS system, there are tools to support telecommunication technologies, namely: Web-IRBIS - a solution that provides access to IRBIS databases via a WWW server, and a database server for the Z39.50 protocol (Z- IRBIS). These tools fully ensure the integrability of the IRBIS system into corporate library technologies. The system implements all standard library technologies, including technologies for acquisition, systematization, cataloging, reader search, book lending and administration, based on the interconnected functioning of five types of automated workstations (AWS): “Collector”, “Cataloguer”, “Reader”, “Book lending” ", "Administrator". Thus, access to IRBIS is unlimited for readers. And it's easy to learn. 2.4 The use of modern information technologies in the local history work of libraries in the city of Minusinsk Local history is one of the leading areas in the professional activity of a librarian. It is going through the process of searching for new forms and setting priorities. New information technologies have a significant impact on changes in the traditional components of library local history. In 1995, the Central Library System purchased its first computer, a photocopier. The library program AS “Library-2” was purchased. The Central Library System began to automate library processes and create electronic databases, including an electronic local history catalogue. Subsequently, we purchased the IRBIS software package. Computerization has opened up fundamentally new opportunities both in the use of traditional catalogs and card files and the creation of their analogues in electronic form, and in the formation of new information resources. Since 1997 in the Central City Hospital, Central Children's Hospital, f. No. 7, along with the traditional local history card file, maintained an electronic local history card file (IRBIS Krai). The Central City Hospital maintains a consolidated electronic catalog of local history; today the database contains about 5,000 records. Maintaining an electronic local history catalog has made it possible to intensify publishing activities in local history. Current index “Literature about Minusinsk and the Minusinsk region”, thematic indexes on various topics, “Calendar of significant dates”, etc. The reference and search systems “Consultant Plus” help to quickly and efficiently respond to users’ legal queries. Krasnoyarsk Territory" and a database of local legislation, which is updated monthly. All this allows for prompt access to local history resources, raises the quality of information services to a new level, and saves time searching and delivering information to the user. Internet technologies provide invaluable assistance in local history work. The Central City Hospital uses the website of the administration of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the information portal of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the resources of regional libraries, and the electronic library of local history materials “Native Krasnoyarsk”. In connection with the development of information technology, with the acquisition of the first multi-projector, the forms of library activity began to change for the better. Currently, multimedia resources are used in almost all areas of the Central Library's activities; not a single major library event can take place without them. Currently, new technologies make it possible not only to use media, but also to create electronic resources on local history. The Central Library System began to develop educational CDs dedicated to the city of Minusinsk based on materials from the library collection and addressed mainly to young people. An example is the work of the local history department of the Central City Hospital to create an urban history encyclopedia “Portrait of Minusinsk at the turn of the century,” which was won by a grant from the social project competition “Krasnoyarsk Territory - Territory of Good.” Today it is impossible to imagine holding events on local history without slide presentations, CD-ROMs, videos, DVDs, and without interesting information obtained on the Internet. Of course, all this takes a lot of time; preliminary preparation of test information, photographs, illustrations, audio comments (phonograms), videos, and possibly animations is necessary. Library staff receive rave reviews and hold events that readers like the most several times. This is seen as a prospect for further development - the creation of our own media products: bibliographic products with animation for users, local history reference books, guidebooks, media reviews, presentations for events, etc. 5 Application of information technologies in the practical activities of libraries A survey was conducted among employees of the Central City Library named after. A. S. Pushkin, Minusinsk, in order to identify the staff’s knowledge of information technology in their activities. A total of 12 respondents were interviewed. The entire team is female. Age ranges from 22 to 61 years, 1 (8.3%) respondent is 22 years old. 6 (50%) respondents are 45-50, 5 (41.6%) respondents are 50 years old and above. Figure 1 - Distribution (%) of employees by age categories All respondents to the question “Do they own information technology” answered yes (100%). To the question “List what programs do you own?” 100% of respondents named standard office programs, 4 respondents (33%) named programs: “IRBIS”, “Consultant Plus”. To the question “Have you worked with the IRBIS program?” 8 (66.6%) respondents answered affirmatively and 4 (33.3%) respondents answered negatively. To the next question, “Do you use an “automated workstation” in your work?” 11 (91.6%) respondents answered affirmatively, 2 (16.6%) respondents answered negatively. To the question “When conducting what events do you use information technology?” The respondents' answers were divided: during public events - 4 (33.3%) respondents; when conducting literature reviews - 3 (25%) respondents; competitions, quizzes 1 (8.3%) respondent; seminars and conferences - 4 (33.3%) respondents; for all - 1 (8.3%) respondent. To the question: “Where would you like to apply information technology in the library space?” The answers were distributed as follows: everywhere, starting from the library foyer - 3 (25%) respondents found it difficult to answer - 4 (33.3%) respondents in current work - 1 (8.3%) respondent on a subscription - 1 (8.3%) respondent in working with readers - 2 (16.6%) respondents. To the question “When was the last time you took advanced training courses in information technology?” The following answers followed: in 2006, 2 (16.6%) respondents; long ago - 1 (8.3%) respondent; 10 (83.3%) respondents found it difficult to answer. The last question was: “What information technologies used in library work would you like to master?” working with the website - 2 (16.6%) respondents; found it difficult to answer - 3 (25%) respondents; snow leopard - 1(8.3%) respondent; presentations - 2 (16.6%) respondents; photo shop - 2 (16.6%) respondents; something new that can be used in libraries - 2 (16.6%) respondents. The survey results showed that, of course, the library faces the problem of introducing information technology in the library space, the first question and a very important one is the staffing of the library, unfortunately, these are people either of pre-retirement age or already pensioners, of course they have a wealth of practical experience, but Younger generation employees are more capable of mastering and applying innovative technologies in the practical activities of the library. The level of application of information technologies in library activities is influenced by: poor equipment of libraries with modern computer equipment; low level of computer training of the majority of library workers; lack of clearly functioning regional and sectoral systems for advanced training of specialists in the use of information technologies. CONCLUSION Informatization is one of the most striking features of the system of social relations in developed countries. Humanity has entered a stage in the development of civilization in which information and knowledge play a decisive role in all spheres of human activity. At the same time, information becomes the most important factor in economic growth in modern society. It is necessary to understand that technological progress today is not only the main factor in ensuring the well-being of the nation, but also the most important condition for the process of its sustainable development. At the same time, priority attention should be given to information technologies, which, thanks to their special catalyst properties, will actively contribute to the country’s technological breakthrough not only in the information sphere, but also in many other equally important areas. In the modern information society, the importance of information as a commodity increases. This is a consequence of the general increase in information needs and an expression of the development of the information services industry. Evidence of this is the increasing contribution of the information sector to the creation of national wealth. Thus, automation and the widespread use of electronic technology are becoming one of the most pressing problems in the library industry. One of the directions in which the informatization of library activities in the country is taking place today is the development of means for users to access full-text information resources, electronic catalogs of domestic and foreign libraries. Libraries today deal not only with traditional information resources, but also with electronic ones (networked and non-networked). Most libraries have their own web servers. The use of information technology (IT) is one of the most controversial intra-company issues. Thus, the world is entering a new era - the information era, the age of electronic economic activity, online communities and borderless organizations. The advent of new times will radically change the economic and social aspects of society. Such changes most directly affect the place of man in the information world. A person changes in accordance with the vector of information and technical characteristics of society. 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[Electronic resource]. - Access mode<#"justify">ANNEX 1 Rice. 1. “Librarian” workstation: list of subscribers
informatization and globalization of society
The development of modern society in the conditions of informatization is closely related to the introduction of information and communication technologies (ICT) into all spheres of human life. In this regard, libraries of various types consider the technology of working in electronic space as a necessary tool for the professionalization of specialists in the library and information industry. The process of introducing ICT also affected the methodological activities of libraries.
Providing methodological assistance to public libraries is one of the main priority and extremely important tasks of libraries in the regions of Russia. Therefore, many libraries are looking for new tools and ways to provide methodological assistance. Today it is very important to ensure prompt access to professional information. This can be done with the help of ICT.
In order to provide information and methodological assistance to libraries and improve the professional qualifications of their employees, special pages are created on the official websites of many libraries, virtual teaching rooms. Successful examples of the functioning of such virtual methodological services include: Russian State Library for Youth, National Library of the Republic of Karelia, Sverdlovsk Regional Universal Scientific Library. V. G. Belinsky, Lipetsk Regional Youth Library, Kaliningrad Regional Children's Library named after. A. P. Gaidar, Voronezh Central Bank, etc.
In the menu on the main page of library websites, the pages of methodological services/departments are called differently: “Professional”, “Professionals”, “Club of Professionals”, “Colleagues”, “Open box”, “Methodcompot”, etc. The methodological services of some libraries (National Library of the Chuvash Republic, National Library of the Republic of Karelia) call their pages “Virtual Methodological Office”. In our opinion, this is just a matter of terminology. Operating in a virtual environment and being, as it were, a mirror image of the main directions of methodological work, all Internet resources of methodological services/departments are virtual methodological classrooms.
Such virtual services are created to implement the following functions:
- informational, i.e. must provide a wide range of professional documents;
- communication, i.e. should act as a tool for interaction, establishing dialogue, involving the exchange of information, and not just its broadcast;
- navigational, i.e. they should have a system of links to resources useful to librarians.
Based on these functions, the content of virtual methodological services is determined. As a rule, it includes news of library life in the region, regulatory documents, teaching materials and consultations, information about professional events, useful links and much more. In the virtual methodological classrooms of individual libraries there are interesting headings. For example, interesting, in our opinion, is the “Master Classes” section of the National Library of the Republic of Karelia, where classes are held in the form of video lessons on the following topics: book repair, sanitary day in the library, placement and methods of storing library documents, types of arrangement of library documents, disinfection of documents in libraries.
To implement the second function, communication, sections are created that involve communication, quick response to pressing issues, and provision of practical assistance in work. Thus, one of the effective steps of the staff of the scientific and methodological department is the launch of a Regional Professional Network on the website of the Kaliningrad Regional Scientific Library. Employees of municipal libraries, having passed authorization, have the opportunity to professionally communicate online and quickly exchange information necessary for work. Efficiency and accessibility are the main advantages of online consulting. All questions received from library specialists are differentiated by topic, date of receipt, significance for other libraries in the region, and are analyzed by employees of the scientific and methodological department. Leading library specialists provide advice on the most popular topics. Employees of the methodological service of the National Library of the Republic of Karelia also conduct professional dialogue with colleagues under the heading “Professional communication of librarians of Karelia.”
An analysis of library websites allows us to conclude that libraries at all levels are actively involved in the preparation and release of publishing products on library topics, varied in nature and purpose: methodological, instructional, educational, methodological, informational, bibliographic aids. The problem is that although the library community has many printed sources of information, they, unfortunately, have a number of disadvantages: limited availability, determined by circulation, methods of distribution and cost of publication, insufficient efficiency and a limit in the volume of information provided.
These problems can be solved using the same virtual methodological services. Many libraries that have offices on the Internet maintain sections in which they either provide information about their own methodological publications or provide the opportunity to familiarize themselves with their full texts. The first case involves ordering these publications from the library collections for the MBA. Virtual methodological classrooms of libraries, created to provide assistance in the Internet environment, use a more convenient, efficient method, posting methodological developments in full-text electronic format.
In order to increase the efficiency of libraries in the Internet environment, expand the range and improve the quality of services provided to users electronically in the regions, they began to develop information portals: Unified information portal of libraries of Udmurtia, portal of libraries of the Samara region, library portal of the Perm region, portal “Libraries of the Arkhangelsk region”, information portal of libraries of the Chelyabinsk region.
All analyzed portals have approximately the same structure. In order to provide methodological assistance, sections that provide access to full-text resources may be of interest. These sections are called differently: “Methodological materials” (library portal of the Perm region), “Methodological piggy bank” (portal of the “Libraries of the Arkhangelsk region”), “For professionals” (information portal of the libraries of the Chelyabinsk region). Library portals take advantage of the opportunity to provide information online, offering virtual reference services for librarians or on-line consulting. A forum on professional topics has been organized on the unified information portal of Udmurtia libraries. During the life of the forum, 99 users registered on it, 60 messages were received. Most often, communication on the forum was conducted on topics that can be grouped as follows: “Library blogs”, “Useful links for working with content”, “Preparation of images for the portal”, “Digitization and copyright”, “Requirements for digital materials of the New Library” . As a rule, the portal is a single information point of access to the resources of libraries in the region - participants in the project, and provides up-to-date information about news, areas of their activities and services. An important factor in the sustainable development of any library is free access to professional information. The opportunity to get acquainted with the life of other libraries, with new experiences, with new technologies, with new projects and programs allows you to solve emerging problems, find new partners, and choose the right development strategy.
A special role in methodological activities is played by the system of advanced training and additional professional education of library specialists. Today, the most modern form of advanced training is webinar – a special type of online seminar, a type of web conference, online meeting or real-time presentation. During the webinar, each participant is at his or her own computer, and communication between them is maintained via the Internet using software. During training, the teacher and students can share or share their files. There are a number of online platforms for organizing and conducting webinars:
- Free services (platforms)– smotri.com, fastwebinar.ru, etc. For example, using the Russian-language platform onwebinar.ru, you can organize a webinar or hold a video meeting on a corporate library website, blog, or library page on a social network. This web service provides the following features: unlimited video conferencing, general and personal chat, shared resources (presentations, desktop display, files and links), feedback, file sharing, online technical support. The webinar is recorded on the hard drive of the online event organizer.
- Paid services (platforms)– hotconference, webinar.tW, webex, webinarbox, etc. Webinarbox is a service based on the Google Hangouts system, today it is considered one of the most reliable online conference systems in the world. The number of webinar participants is unlimited.
To select a quality webinar service, you must be guided by the following requirements: good sound quality, ease of use, the ability to show slides and record a webinar, convenient chat for communicating with listeners. The advantages of webinar technology are obvious: efficiency, live communication, the ability to save financial and time costs, organizing large audiences of listeners, attracting lecturers without their physical presence at the broadcast location. Areas of use of webinars: training, advanced training, methodological seminars, meetings and negotiations, working meetings.
Since 2010, the International Academy of Business and New Technologies has launched a new project to conduct webinars for various categories of listeners. The topics of the webinars are related to work in information and library systems, electronic resources, and current issues of information and library practice. Promotional webinars, open and closed paid training webinars, game webinars with collective participation at connection points, and broadcasts of in-person educational events are held. Thanks to simplicity, convenience, financial savings on travel, accommodation and travel expenses, a large number of people from all regions of Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Bulgaria consistently connect to webinars. In 2015, webinars were held “What, how and why do we count? Accounting for the work of SBO”, “New views on copyright for universities and libraries: Russian and foreign experience”, etc.
Currently, webinar technology is actively used by librarians in the methodological activities of both the largest libraries at the federal level and in the central libraries of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (national, regional, regional) and municipal libraries of Russia. In May 2013, the National Library of the Udmurt Republic held online conference “National Digital Libraries: Problems and Development Trends”. During the conference, work experience was exchanged, approaches to the formation of national and regional electronic libraries, cooperation and integration with Internet projects of the National Library of the Russian Federation, the Finno-Ugric and European communities were analyzed. Listening to reports included viewing presentations, and at the end there was an exchange of opinions and answers to questions from the audience. Questions were also asked in the chat.
Central Universal Scientific Library named after. N. A. Nekrasova (Moscow) annually conducts a series of public online lectures by leading librarians and practitioners in the field of library and information activities, management, marketing and information technology on current areas of librarianship for employees of public libraries in the capital. Thus, in 2014, lectures were held online: “Problems of serving people with disabilities in public libraries”, “Book collection in the digital era”, “Culture of communication in the library environment”, “Modern librarian: professional competencies, ethical principles”, etc. Colleagues from other regions of Russia also took part in these webinars.
This form of education is very popular not only in city libraries of large cities, but also in central regional libraries. In 2013, a web-seminar “Model library as a resource for developing the ecological culture of the population” was held on the basis of the MKUK “Central Library of the Ivnyansky District” of the Belgorod Region. Heads of model libraries and rural branches took part in it.
Many methodological (departments) services, along with websites, create their own professional blogs, pages on social networks (Facebook, Live Journal, VKontakte, Odnoklassniki, Moi Mir, Liveinternet, Twitter, etc.). To date, 424 library blogs have been registered; 33 blog-projects, blog-actions; 54 Russian-language library blogs from foreign countries; 55 library communities, communication channels and online forums; 64 “In Context” groups, 8 groups on Facebook (data prepared by L. M. Bryukhanova, host of the “Worlds of Libraries” blog.
The main objectives of the blog are to provide professional support and promote innovative work methods. The advantage of running your own blog for the library's methodological service is feedback from its users. As a librarianship professional, the blog writer should have a thorough knowledge of key/challenging issues in the industry. It is especially necessary to work particularly carefully on methodological and analytical materials that require a more in-depth study of the topic and analysis of the situation. Library blogs must meet certain requirements. According to A. O. Fedorov, these are:
- The platform - a professional blog - must be located on paid hosting;
- Domain. A good blog should have a second-level domain name (for example, ideafor, info, biblionation.ru), a blog topic or author, and be memorized by ear;
- Design – should emphasize the theme of the blog, have a clear structure, neat execution;
- Content – blog content – must be relevant to the topic, relevant and understandable to readers
And in order for the library blog to become effective and successful, the following principles must be observed: openness, honesty, regularity of publications, and mandatory responses to comments.
An example of a corporate professional blog is a blog for librarians created by methodologists of the Pskov Universal Scientific Library. The format of the blog and its methodological focus make it possible to quickly talk about all professional events taking place in the Pskov region under the headings “Special Events”, “Reports/Consultations”, “Presentations”, “Analysis”. Research. Monitoring", "Projects and Programs", "Correspondence School of Quality". Blog visitors have the opportunity to learn about the activities of libraries in different areas of the region, their expert diagnostic assessments, monitoring of library activities, and get acquainted with information and methodological publications on librarianship. The blog contains not only documents, reports, consultations, but also presentations, videos, and texts of methodological publications. The blog's audience is diverse; among the blog's visitors there are guests not only from Russia and neighboring countries, but from France and the United Emirates, the Netherlands and Vietnam, Indonesia and Japan.
The blog of the Scientific and Methodological Department of the Central Municipal Library named after. N. A. Nekrasova (Izhevsk). The blog, which is highly informative, allows you to quickly inform and provide professional assistance to specialists of municipal libraries in Izhevsk. A lot of new and interesting things can be found in the blog sections: “Current documents”, “Research”, “Interesting experience”, “Publications of the Municipal Educational Institution of the Central Bank”, “Professional Journal”, “Profizdat”, etc. In addition to getting acquainted with the main training activities, any employee MUB CBS can make an online application for training. And if you have a professional question, you can use the “online methodologist” service and get an answer in real time. As can be seen from practice, a blog as a means of improving the skills of library staff is the most efficient and informative.
V.B. Antipova, manager library POIPKRO, Pskov
A library is a structural unit of an educational institution designed to accumulate, process, store and distribute information to provide the educational process with information and resources. In addition, the functions of the school library are to promote the overall development of students, develop and improve the information competence of participants in the educational space, and promote the professional development of teaching staff.
In the context of informatization of school and society, the primary task for school libraries is the introduction of information and communication technologies into their activities, which will help make the library more accessible, attractive and effective.
This brings to the fore tasks such as:
Accumulation, processing, distribution of information resources and materials in various formats;
Maintaining information retrieval systems and bibliographic databases that allow you to quickly and completely find the necessary information;
Creation and filling of databases on methods and education;
Helping students and educators identify resources and use information;
Systematic training of students in information, search and analytical activities;
Nurturing cultural and civic consciousness, helping in the socialization of schoolchildren, developing their creative potential.
Based on this, we can distinguish three main directions for the integration of information and communication technologies into the activities of school libraries:
Expansion of the library information space;
Automation of library processes;
Using ICT to improve the effectiveness of the teaching activities of a school librarian.
In turn, these areas include levels on the basis of which it is possible to create a taxonomy of the introduction of information technologies into the activities of school libraries:
Expanding the range of library services and providing access to electronic resources;
Introduction of automated information and library systems;
Accumulation and organization of electronic resources;
Creation of your own digital resources;
Creation of websites/electronic libraries;
Using technology to promote books and reading;
Formation of information literacy (learning with the help of technology);
Integration of library products and services into the information and educational space of the school.
Expanding the range of library services and providing access to electronic resources.
One of the tasks of the educational library in providing information content to the educational space of the school is the accumulation and organization of electronic resources. This activity includes not only the formation of funds of multimedia materials, but also the search, collection, evaluation, systematization of Internet resources for its use both on-line and in local access mode. Today, an increasing number of libraries provide access to electronic resources, both local and Internet resources.
Of particular importance is the problem of the use of Internet resources by schoolchildren. There are a considerable number of wonderful information resources on the Internet, including those to support the educational process. However, an overabundance of information, the presence of poor-quality and sometimes dangerous materials make the role of the school library indispensable, one of the tasks of which is to filter, select, and systematize high-quality resources for the formation of collections of electronic materials, such as:
Database;
Text materials;
File archives;
Multimedia, audio and video materials;
Graphic illustrations;
Educational computer programs;
Educational games;
Test tasks, etc.
Automation of library processes
The level of automation of library processes involves the introduction of automated information library systems (AILS) and requires the active involvement of the librarian in the process of mastering computers and software. The main result of the introduction of AILS into the work of libraries is to provide intellectual access to information at a higher level, including through the creation of such information products as:
Electronic catalogues;
Electronic filing cabinets;
Bibliographic indexes of literature;
Lists of new arrivals, etc.
Today, many school libraries are implementing AIBS, such as “Mark SQL - School Library”, “1C: School Library” to automate library processes, create bibliographic databases and improve information and bibliographic services.
Create your own digital resources
The introduction of ICT into the activities of libraries allows the librarian to create his own information products that help the reader/user navigate the information and educational space. It can be:
Extracurricular reading lists;
Foundation Guides;
Annotated illustrated cards;
Memos, booklets;
Book reviews, etc.
Such resources can be easily created using traditional Microsoft applications such as MS PowerPoint, MS Excel, MS Publisher.
An example is the work experience of librarian E. Kacheva, who actively uses information technology to create electronic resources. “At first, based on reviews and booklets created by children, they began to make a printed children's recommendation index. Then they created a multimedia guide “Favorite Books”. The structure of the index is traditional, by genre: fantasy, adventure, detective stories, fairy tales, books about peers. The reader can also get acquainted with the biographies of writers. The index is easy to use and open to access new arrivals."
Creation of websites/electronic libraries
One of the digital products of the library is a website - an electronic resource designed to fill the gaps in information support for the needs of library readers. A website is a business card that tells readers, administrators and colleagues about the capabilities and activities of the library. In addition, the site can become a powerful tool for encouraging reading, promoting ideas and information that can have a positive impact on the development of schoolchildren and implement such areas of library work as:
Providing access to resources and materials;
Reference and information services;
Encouraging reading;
Help in working with information.
Despite the existence of free services that make it fairly easy to create a functional website, such work requires the librarian to have organizational and technology skills. However, a growing number of school librarians are starting to create their own websites. Thus, in the library catalog on the Library.ru reference and information portal there are already many school library sites.
The use of technology in the pedagogical activities of a librarian
Traditionally, school libraries contribute to the education and general development of schoolchildren through encouraging reading, through the development and conduct of public events. Information and communication technologies make it possible not only to deepen and expand these areas of work, but also to introduce new forms.
There are many services and programs that a librarian can use in educational and training activities. Let's list some of them:
Computer publishing for creating books, booklets, brochures, leaflets, newspapers, etc.;
Presentation programs for creating portfolios and presentations;
Services (for example, Google documents) that allow several people to work on one document, while allowing analysis and comparisons;
Wiki services for creating collections and websites;
Blogs for creating discussions, discussions, recommendations;
Knowledge cards for organizing knowledge and systematizing material;
Web quests for developing skills in information and analytical activities;
Social media services to increase motivation for educational activities;
Podcasting to develop speaking skills;
Interactive maps.
Network services
One of the most promising areas of work with schoolchildren is Web 2.0 network interactive technologies, which are developed on the principles of accessibility, openness, interactivity, interaction and allow the user to realize their creative and social potential. It is no coincidence, V.P. Chudinova, considering the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet, emphasizes that it is “the most powerful tool for personal development that has ever existed.”
They have great potential when organizing work with schoolchildren wiki services. Wikipedia defines a wiki as “software that easily allows users to create, edit, and link pages.” The greatest advantage of a wiki is the ability to collectively create, store, structure documents, materials and information resources. In addition, the advantages include simplicity, speed, security, and flexibility.
Features include simplicity of design: content is more important than design.
Wiki technologies can be used:
To create banks of educational materials;
As a platform for organizing library lessons;
Creation of collective research projects for schoolchildren;
To create websites;
To organize reference and factual databases;
For projects to encourage reading (for example, collections of literary works by schoolchildren, literary websites, etc.);
As a platform for conferences, including student conferences;
As an interactive whiteboard;
As a discussion platform, etc.
For example, E.D. Patarakin identifies the following ways to use wikis in teaching practice:
Presenting, expanding and annotating educational materials.
Joint creation of virtual local history and environmental excursions by schoolchildren and students.
Collective creation of creative works - fairy tales, poems, essays.
Collective creation of teacher, student and school encyclopedias.
The most popular software is MediaWiki. In particular, the work of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, is based on this software mechanism. The inconvenience is that the software must be downloaded and installed on your computer.
Meanwhile, today there are quite a few wiki services that can be used directly on the server of the company providing them. All you need is Internet access and a browser. Here are just a few services that are convenient for creating educational projects:
An example of the use of one of these services is the “Electronic School Library” project, a collective information resource created on the basis of the PBWorks service.
An excellent tool is blog services. A blog (from weblog - online diary) is a website that contains regularly updated materials. Distinctive features of a blog from a traditional website are the absence of a traditional menu and the order of entries in which the latest posts are placed on top.
Initially, blogs arose as a means of expressing oneself, communicating with friends, and creating a community of like-minded people. Today, blogging is one of the most popular features of the Web 2.0 era. According to an OCLC study, 28% of Internet users have or have tried to blog. This is not surprising, because blogging services have a lot of advantages: low cost/free; ease of use; asynchronous communications mode; speed of communication; interactivity; the ability to add gadgets/widgets; ability to use RSS.
An educational blog is an excellent tool for creating a learning environment that allows you to:
Keep students up to date with the latest developments;
Organize discussions and debates;
Promote ideas and information;
Organize joint projects;
Exchange information;
Conduct consultations;
Study the needs of students;
Receive feedback.
What blogs can you write in the library? Let's give a few examples.
Official library blog .
Primarily intended for publishing library news and events. Unlike a regular news feed on a website, a blog allows you to use a more informal manner of communication, as well as attract readers to create comments, thus receiving feedback. Blog – school library website
Thematic blog
, intended for a specific audience (students, subject teachers, fellow librarians, parents) or including materials on a specific topic. For example, this could be a blog for teachers and students, providing information services for preparing for the Unified State Exam. Or a blog promoting books and reading. For example, School Media Library, Librarian Blog.
Blog – an activity platform to encourage reading
, which allows you to use different forms of work. This could be a literary discussion club, led by a librarian together with students. A literary forum where schoolchildren add information about the books they have read. An information repository where students add annotated links to interesting resources.
Blog – educational platform , which is used by the librarian in the process of conducting library lessons. For example, BiblioNETiK@.
Librarian's personal blog . The content of this blog is entirely dependent on the desire and ability of the librarian.
Finally, a blog is an excellent tool for organizing collaboration with school teachers. The librarian can invite subject teachers to take part in discussions, act as project experts, and become co-authors.
One of the serious problems that librarians face is the decline in interest in books and reading among children and adolescents. This is partly due to the fact that information technologies compete with traditional sources of information. However, in reality, modern technologies have significant potential for promoting books and literature, for introducing reading, and can be used both in mass and individual work with students.
Social sites are network services that are designed to create and support social communications, to unite communities of people with common interests and activities, for people who are ready to communicate, or are ready to find out what interests other people around the world have. An example of a popular Russian-language social site is Vkontakte.ru, a universal means of finding acquaintances. At the end of 2007, the service had more than 5,000,000 users; today there are 69,101,324. It allows you to find specific people and meet new ones. It should be noted that the site has some shortcomings, in particular, during registration it is required to provide accurate, specific, reliable personal data, down to the phone number. Meanwhile, one of the rules of online behavior is caution.
Social media services are designed primarily to provide the ability to share digital content (photos, videos).
One of the most popular social media services is Flickr, a photo publishing service. Using it allows you to offer your photos to thousands of viewers, find photos of other users, comment, and look for friends and like-minded people. Today there are many Russian-language services for exchanging digital photo content, for example, Flamber and Yandex photos.
It is even more popular Youtube- an online service for sharing and publishing videos posted by enthusiasts. Today, this service stores tens of millions of video clips that contain a wide variety of information about everything in the world - from serious to entertaining.
Social media services include podcasting(derived from the English words iPod, popular mp3 player and broadcasting), which is a new format for distributing audio and video content over the Internet. Podcasting is the creation of audio content and offering it to thousands of listeners.
An example of a Russian-language service is the “terminal for correct podcasts” Podfm.ru
Voki is becoming increasingly popular - a service that allows you to voice a website, blog, profile on a social network, etc. The service allows you to use your own voice, while creating images of various characters: animals, dolls, people, monsters, political figures, etc. The name of the service comes from a combination of the Latin "vox" (voice) and "Loki", a deity in Norse mythology who can change his appearance. Developed by New York-based Oddcast, which has been creating talking characters on the web for five years.
Bookmarks. Another group of services that helps to navigate the vast information space are sites that provide users with free services for storing and publishing bookmarks, that is, selected links to Internet pages. We're used to bookmarking in our browsers, but using social bookmarking services has a number of benefits, such as accessing your bookmarks from any computer or being able to find resources on a similar topic that other people have added.
The world's first and most popular social bookmark management system is delicious. It allows you to save a link to the site you are viewing, add a description and tags that will make the link easy to find later. In addition, the service allows you to share your list of links with friends, they are included in RSS and search. If you do not want to share your bookmarks with other inhabitants of the planet, you can add personal, hidden bookmarks. There are many Russian-language Internet bookmarking services today, but we will name only two of them: Memori.ru and Bobrdob.
The use of online interactive technologies to encourage reading and promote literature and resources seems to be one of the most promising areas of work with schoolchildren, because it allows not only to introduce them to reading, but also to develop information literacy skills, as well as group work and cooperation skills.
It should be noted that there are still some discussions about the effectiveness of using technology in the educational process. Many researchers highlight negative consequences, in particular, such as:
Unpredictable impact on child development;
Increased risks of online threats;
Increasing requirements for teaching staff;
Decreasing the role of the teacher;
Encouraging only information seeking rather than the creation of new knowledge;
Reducing the learning process to the study of ordinary information;
Creating a situation of information overload;
Creating an inadequate learning environment, because virtual reality is not real life.
However, many scientists believe that ICTs expand the information and educational space and bring the learning environment closer to real life. The advantages of using technology in the educational process include:
Increasing the effectiveness of training and influencing the increase in educational achievements;
Enrichment of the learning environment, activation of the educational process;
Potential in the formation of educational skills and the development of skills in constructive information and analytical activities;
Increasing student motivation compared to a traditional learning environment
Opportunity to realize the creative potential of schoolchildren
The ability to take into account the individual characteristics of students, encourage independent learning, develop lifelong learning skills, and show flexibility for students with special needs.
Promoting the development of communication skills, a culture of communication among schoolchildren, and teamwork skills.
The image of the library as a repository of documents and materials on paper is gradually becoming a thing of the past, and the need for the use of electronic resources is increasingly increasing. Modern children and teenagers are also changing their ideas about the library. Perhaps the opinions about the library of the future presented on the website of one of the school libraries are indicative. The opinion of an eighth-grader rather reflects the realities of the present: “...a huge hall with books and; several computers. Visitors use a computer to search for the books they need. Simple and rational."
The use of the most modern information technologies in all areas of activity will allow us to bring information and library services in the school library to a qualitatively new level, to make the library adequate to the National Educational Initiative “Our New School” and attractive to schoolchildren.
Literature and resources:
1. BiblioNETiK@ [Electronic resource]. Access mode: http://biblionetika.blogspot.com/
2. Library of school No. 175 in Zelenogorsk [Electronic resource]. Access mode: http://edu.zelenogorsk.ru/schools/175/divan.htm
3. I imagine the library of the future like this [Electronic resource] // Library of gymnasium No. 1 of the city of Perm. Access mode: http://gimnaz1.narod.ru
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In the era of information, the chaotic dissemination of information on paper or magnetic media can lead to the loss of both the sources of information and the information recorded in them. Our modern libraries serve to ensure the collection, long-term storage and use of documents as sources of information.
“Many experts believe that the role of libraries in the information society is precisely to filter, evaluate, process and bring various network resources into a convenient state for use.”
The collections of modern libraries are hybrid collections in which, along with documentary sources of information, electronic publications “coexist” perfectly, and in some cases are beginning to displace them.
Why did libraries begin to acquire electronic resources, purchase expensive equipment, programs and technologies, and establish satellite and fiber-optic communication systems with other library and information organizations? In order to make your funds widely accessible, including especially valuable or rare sources of information, bring them closer to the reader; to teach the reader to navigate them, to isolate from the colossal information flow only the most necessary, and finally, to provide its subscribers with all the world’s information resources for use.
The introduction of information technologies into the daily life of libraries was carried out in stages and largely depended on their types and types, category, financial capabilities, socio-psychological readiness of managers and subordinates to work in a new way, as well as on proximity to the central book depositories of the country or to the scientific libraries of the largest universities . It was on the basis of these centers that new application programs were created, the latest technologies were developed and implemented, automation departments were organized, which over time grew into the largest research laboratories; The experience of leading foreign libraries was widely used, the exchange of Databases and technologies was practiced, and the problem of training and retraining of personnel in relation to new working conditions was comprehensively solved.
Currently, there is interest in new aspects of the professional competence of a librarian - such as technical skill, reducing the distance between information and the means of obtaining it. Today, not only librarians, but also readers of a certain category (students, graduate students, teachers, government officials, managers of large enterprises, etc.) have technical skills. For them, the computer itself can be seen as part of the librarian.
A modern personal computer supplies information on demand and at the same time enhances some of the reader's cognitive functions - distinguishing information and interpreting it. At the same time, the computer is an interpreter between the reader and the library application program, between the librarian and the library application program.
The nature of the connection between the librarian and the computer or information systems lies in the relationship between cognition and action, the study of which is one of the most important tasks of modern psychology.
One of the modern trends in the development of library activities is associated with limiting the librarian’s intervention in it. Full automation of all library processes leads to a reduction in jobs and a reduction in the number of tasks assigned to librarians, and to a reconsideration of the issue of professional training of library staff. However, the modern library has significantly expanded its role in the information society and has mastered additional areas of activity that were previously unknown to it.
A modern library can be called an independent book publishing institution, forced to digitize any collection of documents or part of it in order to preserve information and (or) acquire information that is currently missing. A traditional library at the level of bookselling organizations sells accumulated information, independently solves legal problems at the level of copyright protection, freedom to copy electronic publications, their commercial use, etc. She is forced to develop marketing activities in the market of information products, participate in grants, develop, advertise and sell applied library programs, monitor rising prices in order to raise money for the same digitization of documents, purchase expensive equipment and information technology. This implies the need for librarians to have knowledge that would help them navigate hardware, operating systems, and software in the face of rapidly changing computer equipment and information recording formats.
Computerization has added many new responsibilities to librarians that were not previously included in the list of qualifications. Librarians themselves draw up user manuals, conduct computer literacy lessons, and participate in the development of new interstate standards for all types of library activities that meet international requirements for intercontinental information exchange.
For the same purposes, new forms of cooperation have recently emerged in libraries. At the global level, these are associations based on regional, departmental, professional or other characteristics within the framework of a consortium for working with full-text electronic publications. The International Library, Information and Analytical Center has been created, which is a corporation of international status in the interests of cooperation between Russia, the CIS countries and the USA with other foreign libraries in the library, information, scientific and cultural spheres. International associations of users and developers of various automated library systems and new information technologies operate successfully.
At the state level, this is the merging of our own information resources in the form of a modern electronic library to create a united electronic catalog and a united electronic library. The Russian State Library, as the main book depository of the country, and the National Library of Moscow State University, as the largest university library, are developing a project, as a result of which every virtual reader, PC user will be able to familiarize themselves with electronic publications, read digitized manuscripts, rare valuable books, geographical maps, without leaving home or office.
It would seem that with the introduction of new information technologies, the librarian-reader connection is destroyed, and a new one is formed - reader-computer. But who, if not a librarian, will maintain this connection, identify information, evaluate it, process it and bring it to the user, present it in a functioning information environment?!
Librarians, in collaboration with programmers, create electronic full-text databases, make adjustments to application programs and participate in the creation of new ones. In addition, in the professional library environment it is considered impossible to ignore traditional information media. Even with full automation, an unexpected situation can disable automatic systems, and the librarian needs to not get confused in extreme conditions and continue to fulfill the main role of an intermediary between the reader and information, feeling his importance in the workplace. To do this, in the near future it is imperative for all library workers to master computer technology - otherwise, in the near future, the library of the future may become a library without a future.
